CN106282477B - A kind of smelting process of ultra-low phosphoretic steel - Google Patents
A kind of smelting process of ultra-low phosphoretic steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN106282477B CN106282477B CN201610706098.1A CN201610706098A CN106282477B CN 106282477 B CN106282477 B CN 106282477B CN 201610706098 A CN201610706098 A CN 201610706098A CN 106282477 B CN106282477 B CN 106282477B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of 1, smelting processes of ultra-low phosphoretic steel, include the following steps：（1）Enter stove molten iron：C：4.0 4.6%, Si：0.35 0.75%, P：0.11 0.14%, Ti：0.05‑0.1%；（2）Main blowing：Catch carbon opportunity is C：0.05 0.07%, 1,600 1640 DEG C of temperature, terminal P≤0.012%；（3）Feed refining of re-blowing：Target temperature of re-blowing is 1,650 1690 DEG C, rejoins slag material slag making, terminal P≤0.004%；（4）Tapping.The present invention effectively combines " main blowing " and " refining of re-blowing ", it is stirred at the bottom of during by re-blowing, standing, deslagging dephosphorization, the double gears of tapping reduce the modes such as rephosphorization amount and ensure that dephosphorization effect maximizes, and the limitation of equipment is broken away from, it only can be completed in converter either simplex sequence, dephosphorization efficiency reaches more than 96%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of smelting processes of ultra-low phosphoretic steel, belong to metal material technical field of smelting.
Background technology
Phosphorus is the harmful element in steel, easily in cyrystal boundary segregation, causes steel " cold short ", significantly reduces the low temperature punching of steel
Toughness is hit, causes the black brittleness and temper brittleness of steel.It is more and more stringenter to the requirement of phosphorus content in high-duty cast steel, particularly
Phosphorus content is required to be less than 0.010% or 0.005% cryogenic steel, marine steel, anti-hydrogen induced cracking steel etc..
With increase of the market to high-duty cast steel demand, Low-phosphorus Steel, ultra-low phosphoretic steel are as in clean steel production link
An indispensable part, receives more and more attention, and new process of employing new technology reduces phosphorus content in steel as far as possible to be become
The main direction of studying of numerous iron and steel enterprises.
Ultra-low phosphoretic steel refers generally to the steel of phosphorus content≤0.005% in steel, domestic and international enterprise development a variety of liquid steel dephosphorizations and smelting
The method for refining ultra-low phosphoretic steel.Phase at the beginning of the eighties in last century, using Nippon Steel and Sumitomo as the Nippon Steel enterprise of representative and China too
Liquid iron pretreatment dephosphorizing technology in steel, Baosteel successive development and application hot-metal bottle, fish torpedo ladle, but since hot metal temperature drop is big, reaction
Interface is small, scrap ratio is low (≤5%), dephosphorization slag treatment difficult (basicity is excessively high), treatment effeciency difference etc. and is limited by field condition
System, domestic each iron and steel enterprise is studied again to be employed single slag process in Converter, stays slag method, double slag process, double slags that slag method etc. is stayed to carry out steel
The dephosphorization of water, but single slag process is applicable in completely new material, for double slag process there are deslagging early period temperature is low, slag charge melts the phenomenon that effect is bad,
The easy splash of slag method iron making process is stayed to cause security risk, the above method equally exists the problem of dephosphorization is unstable；20th century 90
Middle and later periods in age, Japan and domestic Baosteel develop converter duplex technology, and subsequent Shoudu Iron and Steel Co, weight steel and Anshan iron and steel plant are also all selected
Duplex process steel making technique, but duplex technological requirement must use two converters, one is used as dephosphorization converter, and one is used as decarburization
Converter, and half steel ladle is needed to implement having bad luck for intermediate link, temperature loss is big, and by equipment and shop difficulty
Limitation, it is impossible to universal to use.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of smelting process of ultra-low phosphoretic steel, and " main blowing " and " refining of re-blowing " is effectively combined, passes through benefit
It is stirred at the bottom of when blowing, standing, deslagging dephosphorization, double gears of tapping reduce the modes such as rephosphorization amount and ensure that dephosphorization effect maximizes, and breaks away from
The limitation of equipment only can be completed in converter either simplex sequence, and dephosphorization efficiency reaches more than 96%.
The technical solution used in the present invention is：
A kind of smelting process of ultra-low phosphoretic steel, includes the following steps：
（1）Enter stove molten iron：C：4.0-4.6%, Si：0.35-0.75%, P：0.11-0.14%, Ti：0.05-0.1%, molten iron temperature
1280-1350 DEG C of degree；
（2）Main blowing：Catch carbon opportunity is C：0.05-0.07%, 1600-1640 DEG C of temperature, terminal P≤0.012%, clinker alkali
3.0-3.4 is spent, content of MgO 7-8%, bottom blowing gas intensity 0.08-0.12 Nm in slag3/t·min；Duration is stood after finishing blowing
60s, deslagging amount are 30-40%；
（3）Feed refining of re-blowing：Target temperature of re-blowing is 1650-1690 DEG C；Rejoin slag material slag making, target basicity：
3.5-4.0；Terminal P≤0.004% mends finishing blowing and stands 90-120s；Bottom blowing gas intensity is 0.15 Nm during standing3/t·
min；
（4）Tapping.
Preferably, re-blow refining oxygen lance position 1.8m.
Preferably, tapping uses the double gear patterns of slide plate pushing off the slag+pushing off the slag target, rephosphorization amount≤0.001%.
Preferably, the refining of re-blowing adds in slag material light dolomite and rotary kiln lime block, target basicity 3.5-4.0；
To heat up and preventing after-blow from adding in ferrosilicon according to actual temperature and the difference of target temperature, ferrosilicon and slag material add in situation such as table
1
Table 1 mends converting process slag charge and ferrosilicon addition
△ T=target temperature-current actual temperature of re-blowing（L2 according to one fall thermometric and temperature loss rate calculations）.
The present invention, which mainly passes through, effectively combines " main blowing " and " refining of re-blowing ", and journey is blown over to master, and to terminate opportunity progress excellent
Changing adjustment ensures that terminal P reaches reduced levels and carries out that deslagging, the refining stage of re-blowing, slag making improved basicity of slag dephosphorization again, realizes super
Low-phosphorus Steel（Finished product P content≤0.005%）Steady production.
The present invention is C content 0.05-0.07% on design " main blowing " catch carbon opportunity, and catch carbon temperature range is 1600-1640
DEG C, alkalinity ranges 3.0-3.4, clinker content of MgO range 7-8%, converting process bottom blowing gas intensity 0.08-0.12 Nm3/t·
Min stands 60s after finishing blowing（0.15 Nm of bottom blowing gas intensity3/t·min）；The deslagging of falling stove 30-40% after standing；
After deslagging, feed slag making again（Ensure basicity of slag 3.5-4.0）And it re-blows（Oxygen lance position 1.8m）Dephosphorization again is carried out,
Ensure that terminal P reaches≤0.004%, to heat up and preventing after-blow from adding in appropriate silicon according to actual temperature and the difference of target temperature
Iron；Standing 90-120s is carried out after re-blowing（0.15 Nm of bottom blowing gas intensity3/t·min）；To avoid tapping process slag
Rephosphorization, converter is using the double gear patterns of slide plate pushing off the slag+pushing off the slag target, and for the control of rephosphorization amount 0.001%, that realizes Low-phosphorus Steel stablizes life
Production.
Main theory of the present invention is according to being in convertor steelmaking process, and phosphorus can not possibly be removed by oxygen direct oxidation, only
In its oxide（P2O5）With（CaO）It is combined, generates stable complex compound, phosphorus could be fixed in slag, from molten steel
Middle removal.The dephosphorisation reaction that converter steelmaking process is happened between slag is mainly：
4（CaO）+2[P]+5（FeO）=（4CaO·P2O5）+5[Fe] （1）
From dephosphorisation reaction equation（1）In as can be seen that properly increase CaO, FeO content in middle clinker, can promote to take off
The progress of phosphorus reaction；
From reaction equilibrium constant formula（2）In it can be seen that increasing with reaction temperature, the equilibrium constant reduces, and is unfavorable for taking off
The progress of phosphorus reaction.
Converter steelmaking process dephosphorisation reaction carries out on desulphurization, and dephosphorization rate is mainly by the mass transfer of slag steel both sides
Rate control.Good slag steel contact conditions are created, it is very necessary to improving dephosphorization rate；Meanwhile the good mobility of clinker
To improving slag steel contact area, dephosphorisation reaction is promoted to carry out positive effect.Therefore, sufficient stirring power and appropriate molten bath temperature
Degree pushes slag contact, is the dynamic conditions for promoting dephosphorisation reaction.
The designing points of the present invention：
（1）After the main finishing blowing of the present invention, feeding and slag making and re-blow again, carry out dephosphorization again, it is ensured that terminal P reaches≤
0.004%；
（2）It main blowing and is stood after re-blowing, when standing carries out bottom and stirs, it is ensured that slag steel fully reacts, and ensures de-
Phosphorus effect.
（3）Deslagging operation, deslagging ratio 30-40% are carried out after " main blowing ", purpose effectively removes dephosphorization clinker.
（4）The quantity of slag under converter in order to control, during tapping converter reduced back using slide plate pushing off the slag+pushing off the slag target " double gears " pattern
Phosphorus amount.
（5）Accurate endpoint is carried out using the automatic Steelmaking model based on flue gas analysis, it is ensured that terminal is steady
It is fixed controllable, it can be ensured that ultra-low phosphoretic steel steady and continuous produces.
（6）Reasonably optimizing design is carried out to the end opportunity of main blowing, it is ensured that main finishing blowing terminal P content reaches relatively low
Stabilization level.
Different from previous double slag patterns, using the automatic Steelmaking based on flue gas analysis system, " main blowing " stage terminates
Opportunity is different from double slag patterns, C content control range：0.05-0.07%；Temperature controlling range：1600-1640℃；Basicity controls
Range：3.0-3.3；MgO 7-8% in clinker, bottom blowing gas intensity 0.06-0.12Nm3/t·min。
It re-blows pattern using the standard made steel based on flue gas analysis system automation, rifle position of re-blowing 1.8m, target after re-blowing
1650-1690 DEG C of temperature, target basicity 3.5-4.5, charging setting is according to the difference between actual temperature and target temperature setting
It is calculated, temperature is lower, and ferrosilicon addition is higher, and lime and light-burned addition are higher, and refining charging quantity of re-blowing is with reference to table 1.
Dephosphorization treatment temperature loss is big outside traditional mode of production Low-phosphorus Steel technique such as molten iron furnace, stays slag method and double slag dephosphorization unstable
Fixed, duplex technique cannot be widely available because of the limitation of equipment.The production Low-phosphorus Steel technique of the present invention is managed substantially based on dephosphorization
By, thermodynamic and kinetic conditions, by " main blowing " and " refining of re-blowing " effectively combination, consider clinker fully melt, dephosphorization
The accuracy and the safety of execute-in-place that efficiency maximizes, automatic Steelmaking model endpoint judges.
The advantage of the invention is that having broken away from the limitation of equipment, only can be completed in converter either simplex sequence, dephosphorization efficiency
Reach more than 96%.More traditional molten iron extra furnace dephosphorization and the loss of duplex technological temperature are small；Is relatively overcome with traditional double slag process
The low slag charge of one phase temperature melts the phenomenon that effect is bad；Compared with staying slag method, execute-in-place is more safe and reliable.
It is using advantageous effect caused by above-mentioned technical proposal：
The present invention will " main blowing " and " refining of re-blowing " effectively combination, by stirring at the bottom of when refining of re-blowing, standing, deslagging dephosphorization, go out
The double gears of steel reduce the modes such as rephosphorization amount and ensure that dephosphorization effect maximizes, and has broken away from the limitation of equipment, only in converter list
Process can be completed, and dephosphorization efficiency reaches more than 96%.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further with reference to embodiment；
Embodiment 1
Enter stove raw material：100 tons of converters are routinely smelted, and enter stove molten iron C：4.46%, Si：0.53%, P：0.123%, Ti：
0.085%, 1350 DEG C of molten iron temperature, 105.3 tons of weight of molten iron, steel scrap weight is 10.3 tons.
Main blowing control situation：Terminal C：0.055%th, 1614 DEG C of outlet temperature, terminal P：0.006%, basicity of slag 3.22,
Content of MgO 7.9% in slag stands duration 60s, 0.08 Nm of bottom blowing gas intensity3/t·min；Deslagging amount 40%.
It re-blows and refines control situation：Oxygen lance position 1.8m, re-blow amount of oxygen 546m3, light dolomite 530kg, rotary kiln is white
Grey block 1075kg, ferrosilicon 152kg.Duration 90s is stood, bottom blowing gas intensity is 0.15 Nm during standing3/t·min。
Molten steel C after re-blowing：0.037%, P：0.003%, 1650 DEG C of temperature, terminal oxygen position 693ppm, end-point alkalinity：3.5.
Tapping carries out the lower quantity of slag of pushing off the slag control, rephosphorization amount≤0.001% using slide plate pushing off the slag+pushing off the slag mark.
Embodiment 2
Enter stove raw material：100 tons of converters are routinely smelted, and enter stove molten iron C：4.52%, Si：0.75%, P：0.127%, Ti：
0.068%, 1326 DEG C of molten iron temperature, 104.7 tons of weight of molten iron, steel scrap weight is 11.3 tons.
Main blowing control situation：Terminal C：0.062%th, 1600 DEG C of outlet temperature, terminal P：0.009%, basicity of slag 3.12,
Content of MgO 7.5% in slag stands duration 60s, 0.12 Nm of bottom blowing gas intensity3/t·min；Deslagging amount 35%.
It re-blows and refines control situation：Oxygen lance position 1.8m, re-blow amount of oxygen 597m3, light dolomite 527kg, rotary kiln is white
Grey block 1330kg, ferrosilicon 206kg.Duration 100s is stood, bottom blowing gas intensity is 0.15 Nm during standing3/t·min。
Molten steel C after re-blowing：0.036%, P：0.003%, 1663 DEG C of temperature, terminal oxygen position 721ppm, end-point alkalinity：4.0.
Tapping carries out the lower quantity of slag of pushing off the slag control, rephosphorization amount≤0.001% using slide plate pushing off the slag+pushing off the slag mark.
Embodiment 3
Enter stove raw material：100 tons of converters are routinely smelted, and enter stove molten iron C：4.19%, Si：0.35%, P：0.132%, Ti：
0.050%, 1280 DEG C of molten iron temperature, 103.6 tons of weight of molten iron, steel scrap weight is 10.2 tons.
Main blowing control situation：Terminal C：0.058%th, 1631 DEG C of outlet temperature, terminal P：0.0012%, oxygen position 513ppm,
Basicity of slag 3.22, content of MgO 7.9% in slag stand duration 60s, 0.10 Nm of bottom blowing gas intensity3/t·min；Deslagging amount
31%。
It re-blows and refines control situation：Oxygen lance position 1.8m, re-blow amount of oxygen 627m3, light dolomite 521kg, rotary kiln is white
Grey block 1140kg, ferrosilicon 168kg.Duration 120s is stood, bottom blowing gas intensity is 0.15 Nm during standing3/t·min。
Molten steel C after re-blowing：0.03%, P：0.004%, 1675 DEG C of temperature, terminal oxygen position 831ppm, end-point alkalinity：3.6.
Tapping carries out the lower quantity of slag of pushing off the slag control, rephosphorization amount≤0.001% using slide plate pushing off the slag+pushing off the slag mark.
Embodiment 4
Enter stove raw material：100 tons of converters are routinely smelted；Enter stove molten iron C：4.25%, Si：0.41%, P：0.140%, Ti：
0.076%, 1339 DEG C of molten iron temperature, 104 tons of weight of molten iron, steel scrap weight is 10 tons.
Main blowing control situation：Terminal C：0.054%, 1640 DEG C of outlet temperature, oxygen position 497ppm, P：0.010%；Clinker alkali
Degree 3.00, content of MgO 7.3% in slag, deslagging ratio 35% stand 60s, 0.09 Nm of bottom blowing gas intensity3/t·min；.
It re-blows and refines control situation：Oxygen lance position 1.8m, re-blow amount of oxygen 582m3, light dolomite 491kg, rotary kiln is white
Grey block 1125kg, ferrosilicon 164kg.Duration 120s is stood, bottom blowing gas intensity is 0.15 Nm during standing3/t·min。
Molten steel C after re-blowing：0.033%, P：0.004%, 1682 DEG C of temperature, terminal oxygen position 754ppm, end-point alkalinity：3.3.
Tapping carries out the lower quantity of slag of pushing off the slag control, rephosphorization amount≤0.001% using slide plate pushing off the slag+pushing off the slag mark.
Embodiment 5
Enter stove raw material：100 tons of converters are routinely smelted；Enter stove molten iron C content 4.60%, Si contents 0.53%, P：
0.110%, Ti：0.10%, 1319 DEG C of molten iron temperature.105.2 tons of weight of molten iron, steel scrap weight are 9.9 tons.
Main blowing control situation：Terminal C：0.05%, 1631 DEG C of temperature, oxygen position 582ppm, P：0.009%；Basicity of slag
3.40, content of MgO 7.9% in slag, deslagging ratio about 30% stands 60s, 0.11 Nm of bottom blowing gas intensity3/t·min。
It re-blows and refines control situation：Oxygen lance position 1.8m, re-blow amount of oxygen 499m3, light dolomite 470kg, rotary kiln is white
Grey block 11kg, ferrosilicon 172kg.Duration 110s is stood, bottom blowing gas intensity is 0.15 Nm during standing3/t·min。
Molten steel C after re-blowing：0.031%, P：0.003%, 1677 DEG C of temperature, terminal oxygen position 804ppm, end-point alkalinity：3.7.
Tapping carries out the lower quantity of slag of pushing off the slag control, rephosphorization amount≤0.001% using slide plate pushing off the slag+pushing off the slag mark.
Embodiment 6
Enter stove raw material：100 tons of converters are routinely smelted；Enter stove molten iron C：4.00%, Si：0.38%, P：0.133%, Ti：
0.059%, 1309 DEG C of molten iron temperature.106.5 tons of weight of molten iron, steel scrap weight are 9.8 tons.
Main blowing control situation：C：0.070%, 1637 DEG C of temperature, oxygen position 576ppm, P：0.009%；Basicity of slag 3.31,
Content of MgO 7.0% in slag, deslagging ratio 35% stand 60s, 0.12 Nm of bottom blowing gas intensity3/t·min。
It re-blows and refines control situation：Oxygen lance position 1.8m, re-blow amount of oxygen 530m3, light dolomite 545kg, rotary kiln is white
Grey block 1155kg, ferrosilicon 186kg；Duration 95s is stood, bottom blowing gas intensity is 0.15 Nm during standing3/t·min。
Molten steel after re-blowing：C：0.031%, 1690 DEG C of temperature, terminal oxygen position 832ppm, P：0.004%, end-point alkalinity：3.8.
Tapping carries out the lower quantity of slag of pushing off the slag control, rephosphorization amount≤0.001% using slide plate pushing off the slag+pushing off the slag mark.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of smelting process of ultra-low phosphoretic steel, it is characterised in that it includes the following steps：
（1）Enter stove molten iron：C：4.0-4.6%, Si：0.35-0.75%, P：0.11-0.14%, Ti：0.05-0.1%, molten iron temperature
1280-1350℃；
（2）Main blowing：Catch carbon opportunity is C：0.05-0.07%, 1600-1640 DEG C of temperature, terminal P≤0.012%, basicity of slag
3.0-3.4, content of MgO 7-8%, bottom blowing gas intensity 0.08-0.12 Nm in slag3/t·min；Duration is stood after finishing blowing
60s, deslagging amount are 30-40%；
（3）Feed refining of re-blowing：Target temperature of re-blowing is 1650-1690 DEG C；Rejoin slag material slag making, target basicity：3.5-
4.0；Terminal P≤0.004% mends finishing blowing and stands 90-120s；Bottom blowing gas intensity is 0.15 Nm during standing3/t·min；
（4）Tapping.
2. a kind of smelting process of ultra-low phosphoretic steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The refining oxygen lance position of re-blowing
1.8m。
3. a kind of smelting process of ultra-low phosphoretic steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The tapping is kept off using slide plate
The double gear patterns of slag+pushing off the slag target, rephosphorization amount≤0.001%.
4. a kind of smelting process of ultra-low phosphoretic steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The refining of re-blowing, addition are made
Slag charge light dolomite and rotary kiln lime block, target basicity 3.5-4.0；To heat up and preventing after-blow according to actual temperature and mesh
The difference for marking temperature adds in ferrosilicon, and it is as follows that ferrosilicon and slag material add in situation：
△ T=target temperature-current actual temperature of re-blowing.
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| CN109439832A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-08 | 南阳汉冶特钢有限公司 | A kind of ultralow phosphorus faces the smelting process of hydrogen steel |
| CN112662839A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-04-16 | 北京首钢股份有限公司 | Method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by molten steel dephosphorization outside furnace |
| CN113088617B (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2022-05-03 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Converter steelmaking method |
| CN113667793A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-11-19 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for dephosphorizing at converter end point by stirring after bottom blowing |
| CN113652514A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-16 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Converter blowing-supplementing steelmaking method capable of protecting carbon and removing phosphorus |
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| CN102899443B (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2014-06-18 | 秦皇岛首秦金属材料有限公司 | Process for smelting low-phosphorous molten iron |
| CN103194564B (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2015-01-14 | 济钢集团有限公司 | Process for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel |
| CN103255258B (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2014-07-30 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Converter smelting method of low-phosphorous and high-alloy steel |
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