CN109175364A - A kind of laser gain material device and its method of increasing material manufacturing - Google Patents
A kind of laser gain material device and its method of increasing material manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of devices of laser gain material, including rotary light beam laser system, high frequency short pulse laser system and auxiliary current system；The continuous laser of the rotary light beam laser system output rotation, the continuous laser are used for material silk melt deposition in substrate surface；The high frequency short pulse laser system exports high frequency short-pulse laser, and the high frequency short-pulse laser is used for the input pulse laser beam into molten bath；The auxiliary current system is for making material silk and molten bath constitute current loop, for making bath directly generate forceful electric power magnetic force.The rotary light beam laser system includes continuous laser generator, the first high-accuracy mechanical arm and continuous wave laser laser head；The high frequency short pulse laser system includes high frequency short-pulse laser generator, high frequency short-pulse laser head and the second high-accuracy mechanical arm.The present invention can solve bath be easy to happen element segregation, gas can not be discharged, nonuniform organization, thermal stress collection moderate defect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser gain material manufacturing technology field, in particular to a kind of laser gain material device and its increasing material manufacturing
Method.
Background technique
Increases material manufacturing technology is also known as 3D printing technique, causes the extensive concern of numerous scholars in recent years, referred to as " the
The industrial revolution three times ".In the method for numerous increasing material manufacturings, laser gain material manufacture (LAM) is the excellent net shape gold of processability again
The relatively advanced manufacturing method of one kind of metal elements, it is medical to be widely used to automobile, aerospace, military equipment at present
Equal fields.Currently, lot of domestic and foreign scholar makes great progress in laser gain material Study on manufacturing technology field, utilize
The technology has successfully prepared the alloy components of the materials such as the nickel-base alloy, titanium alloy, stainless steel of better performances.
But in laser gain material manufacture building course, it will usually which the problem of facing some general character is such as increasing in material component
Portion will appear the metallurgical imperfections such as endless running down, stomata field trash, hole, crackle, grain structure be coarse；Since " rapid cooling is fast for it
The characteristic of heat ", can also generate biggish residual tension and element segregation etc. in component inside；Therefore, add as laser is compound
The development of work technology, many scholars increase the comprehensive of material component by the method for additional energy field auxiliary laser increasing material manufacturing to improve
Energy.According to domestic and international existing research and report, is acted in molten bath usually using the mode of additional cross-field and reach refinement
The purpose of microstructure；But the magnetic field is static form, magnetic field energy remains unchanged in the process of running, can not adjust in real time
Control, and magnetic field and molten bath are contactless influence, it is limited to the function and effect of bath；Currently, laser gain material manufactures institute
The light beam used is direct laser beam, and rectilinear beam internal energy is unevenly distributed, and will lead to that molten road boundary is unintelligible, does not advise
Then, sedimentary poor flatness, interfacial bonding strength is low, and then seriously affects the mechanical property of component.
Laser processing technology parameter and laser equipment are to influence an important factor for increasing material component performance, in order to obtain synthesis
The laser gain material component haveing excellent performance after generally attempting to numerous technological parameters, carries out later period inspection to prepared increasing material component
It surveys and compares, preferably out optimal one.Laser gain material higher cost, by a large amount of pattern detection, it is inevitable it is time-consuming, it is laborious and
Greatly improve production cost.
By retrieving to domestic and foreign literature, current numerous researchers are concentrated mainly on through extra electric field or magnetic field
Method regulate and control the Microstructure Performance of component.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of laser gain material device and its sides of increasing material manufacturing
Method, can solve bath be easy to happen element segregation, gas can not be discharged, nonuniform organization, thermal stress collection moderate defect.
The present invention achieves the above technical objects by the following technical means.
A kind of laser gain material device, including rotary light beam laser aid and high frequency short-pulse laser device；
The continuous laser of the rotary light beam laser aid output rotation, the continuous laser are used for material silk melt deposition
In substrate surface；
The high frequency short-pulse laser device exports high frequency short-pulse laser, and the high frequency short-pulse laser is used for molten bath
Middle input pulse laser beam.
It further, further include the auxiliary current device；The auxiliary current device is for making material silk and molten bath constitute electricity
Road is flowed back to, for making bath directly generate forceful electric power magnetic force.
Further, the rotary light beam laser aid includes continuous laser generator, the first high-accuracy mechanical arm and company
Continuous laser device laser head；The continuous laser generator is connected with continuous wave laser laser head；The continuous wave laser laser head
It is mounted on the first high-accuracy mechanical arm；Wire-feed motor is used to convey material silk into the continuous wave laser laser head.
Further, built-in optically-active mould group in the continuous wave laser laser head, for generating rotary light beam.
Further, the high frequency short-pulse laser device includes high frequency short-pulse laser generator, high frequency short-pulse laser
Head and the second high-accuracy mechanical arm；The high frequency short-pulse laser generator is connected with the high frequency short-pulse laser head；Institute
High frequency short-pulse laser head is stated to be mounted on the second high-accuracy mechanical arm；The high frequency short-pulse laser head is located at described continuous
Laser device laser head side, and the quasi- molten bath of high frequency short-pulse laser head alignment substrate surface, for into the molten bath
Pulse laser beam is persistently provided.
Further, the auxiliary current device includes power supply device and additional rolling electrode；Described power supply device one end with
Material silk is connected, and the power supply device other end is connect with additional rolling electrode, after the additional rolling electrode is located at the molten bath
Side, and be in contact with deposition layer surface, constitute current loop.
It further, further include information acquisition system；The information acquisition system includes high-speed camera, lighting device, light
Spectrometer probe, spectrometer and synchronous generator；The high-speed camera is located near molten bath, and the spectrometer probe is used for
Plasma/the metallic vapour generated in the molten bath is measured, the spectrometer is used to acquire what the spectrometer probe measured
Data；The high-speed camera, lighting device and spectrometer are connected with synchronous generator, guarantee that the high-speed camera is adopted
When collecting image, the lighting device is in illumination condition, and guarantees the high-speed camera and the spectrometer while acquiring
Data.
It further, further include high-frequency induction heating system；The high-frequency induction heating system includes high-frequency induction heating line
Circle and high-frequency induction heating power, the high-frequency induction heating coil are located at substrate bottom, the high-frequency induction heating power with
High-frequency induction heating coil is connected, and is used for heated substrate.
A kind of method that laser gain material device is used for increasing material manufacturing, includes the following steps:
By the continuous laser of rotary light beam laser aid output rotation, by material silk melt deposition in substrate surface；
High frequency short-pulse laser is inputted into molten bath by high frequency short-pulse laser device；
Further, further include following steps:
Bath generates electromagnetism: by making material silk and molten bath constitute current loop, bath being made directly to generate forceful electric power
Magnetic force；
Pre- hot substrate: it is preheated by high-frequency induction heating system to substrate；
Sedimentary quality on-line monitoring: by the plasma that is generated in molten bath described in information acquisition system real-time detection/
Metallic vapour, judges sedimentary quality, and control computer is short according to judging result dynamic adjustment rotary light beam laser aid, high frequency
The parameter of impulse laser unit and auxiliary current device.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. laser gain material device of the present invention is increasing material by optically-active mould group built-in in continuous wave laser laser head
Manufacturing process Beam rotation guarantees single bath energy and uniform distribution of temperature field, solves linear beams Energy distribution
Unevenly, cause molten road boundary unintelligible, irregular, the problems such as sedimentary poor flatness, interfacial bonding strength is low.
2. laser gain material device of the present invention, continuous light beam rotation may insure single bath energy and temperature
Field distribution is uniform, is conducive to electric current in bath and generates uniform electromagnetic field, moreover, bath metal liquid is with focus
Rotation and rotate, realize bath sufficiently, uniform stirring.
3. laser gain material device of the present invention, provides auxiliary current into molten bath by additional electrode, in molten bath
Portion directly generates forceful electric power magnetic force, and electric current not easily passs through basis material and loses, and promotes bath liquid metal quickly controllable
Flowing is to achieve the purpose that heat balance is distributed.
4. laser gain material device of the present invention acts directly on bath by high frequency short pulse laser beam, makes
Bath generates cavitation, crushing effect, cooperates with the effect of electromagnetic force and rotary light beam to molten bath, and three's coupling carries out molten bath
It is uniformly sufficiently stirred, achievees the purpose that elimination or inhibits all kinds of metallurgical imperfections of component inside, release thermal stress.
5. the method for laser gain material of the present invention proposes with molten bath plasma/metal vapors state to be to sentence
According to judgement sedimentary quality situation.The plasma in molten bath/metal vapors is believed using high-speed camera and spectrometer
Breath is acquired, and information collected is transmitted to control computer, is known in molten bath according to plasma/metal vapors information
Portion's situation judges the capability and performance of sedimentary, according to judging result, real-time monitoring high frequency short-pulse laser parameter, continuous laser
Parameter, accessory power supply parameter and Beam rotation parameter, whole device form closed-loop system, realize systematization, automation and intelligence
Energyization has saved preparation time and cost, improves efficiency and quality.
6. laser gain material device of the present invention cooperates with rotary laser by high frequency short-pulse laser, high-density current
Beam is stirred effect to molten bath simultaneously, and by high-speed camera and spectrometer to plasma/metal vapors in molten bath
Information is acquired, and information collected is transmitted to control computer, knows molten bath according to plasma/metal vapors information
Inner case judges the capability and performance of sedimentary, and according to judging result, real-time monitoring high frequency short-pulse laser parameter continuously swashs
Optical parameter, accessory power supply parameter and Beam rotation parameter reach and inhibit metallurgical imperfection, optimization microstructure, improve increasing material component
Mechanical property purpose.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is laser gain material schematic device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the device partial top view of laser gain material of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the prepared residual stress comparison diagram for increasing material component of distinct methods.
Fig. 4 is the prepared tensile strength comparison diagram for increasing material component of distinct methods.
Fig. 5 is titanium alloy member microstructure morphology prepared by laser gain material manufacturing method in the prior art.
Fig. 6 is titanium alloy member microstructure morphology prepared by the present invention.
In figure:
1- continuous laser generator；2- the first high-accuracy mechanical arm；3- high frequency short-pulse laser generator；4- high frequency is short
Pulse laser head；5- the second high-accuracy mechanical arm；6- wire-feed motor；7- power supply device；8- adds rolling electrode；9- continuous laser
Device laser head；The molten bath 10-；11- high-frequency induction heating coil；12- sedimentary；13- substrate；14- high-frequency induction heating power；
15- controls computer；16- high-speed camera；17- synchronous generator；18- spectrometer；19- plasma/metallic vapour；
20- lighting device；21- spectrometer probe.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained with reference to the attached drawings and specific examples, but protection scope of the present invention is simultaneously
It is without being limited thereto.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, laser gain material device of the present invention, including the short arteries and veins of rotary light beam laser aid, high frequency
Impulse electro-optical device, auxiliary current device, information acquisition system, high-frequency induction heating system, control computer 15.
The rotary light beam laser aid includes continuous laser generator 1, the first high-accuracy mechanical arm 2,6 and of wire-feed motor
Continuous wave laser laser head 9；The continuous laser generator 1 is connected with continuous wave laser laser head 9, provides continuous laser for it
Light source；Built-in optically-active mould group, laser beam generate rotary light beam during the launch process in the continuous wave laser laser head 9；It is described
Continuous wave laser laser head 9 is mounted on the first high-accuracy mechanical arm 2；The wire-feed motor 6 to rotation continuous laser beam center
Place conveys material silk and to substrate surface is deposited on, and is coaxial wire feed in light；Pass through optically-active mould built-in in continuous wave laser laser head 9
Group guarantees single 10 internal energy of molten bath and uniform distribution of temperature field, solves line light in increasing material manufacturing process Beam rotation
Beam energy is unevenly distributed, and causes molten road boundary unintelligible, irregular, sedimentary poor flatness, and interfacial bonding strength is low etc. asks
Topic.
The high frequency short-pulse laser device includes high frequency short-pulse laser generator 3, high frequency short-pulse laser head 4 and
Two high-accuracy mechanical arms 5, the high frequency short-pulse laser generator 3 are connected with the high frequency short-pulse laser head 4, mention for it
For pulsed laser light source, the high frequency short-pulse laser head 4 is mounted on the second high-accuracy mechanical arm 5；The short arteries and veins of high frequency
Impulse shaven head 4 is located at 9 side of continuous wave laser laser head, is directed at molten bath 10, persistently provides pulse into the molten bath 10
Laser beam；It is acted directly on inside molten bath 10 by high frequency short pulse laser beam, makes to generate cavitation, broken effect inside molten bath 10
Fruit cooperates with the effect to molten bath of electromagnetic force and rotary light beam, and molten bath is uniformly sufficiently stirred in three's coupling, reach eliminate or
Inhibit all kinds of metallurgical imperfections of component inside, discharge the purpose of thermal stress.
The auxiliary current device includes power supply device 7 and additional rolling electrode 8.One output of the power supply device 7
Grade is connected with material silk, another output stage on rear side of molten bath 10 with 8 phase of additional rolling electrode that deposits layer surface and be in contact
Even, electric current constitutes current loop by molten bath.The additional rolling electrode 8 is fixed on by the continuous wave laser laser head 9
Side, and do not interfered with each other with the high frequency short-pulse laser head 4；Auxiliary current is provided into molten bath by additional electrode, to molten bath
It is internal directly to generate forceful electric power magnetic force, and electric current not easily passs through basis material and loses, and bath liquid metal is promoted quickly may be used
Flow control is dynamic to achieve the purpose that heat balance is distributed.
The information acquisition system includes high-speed camera 16, lighting device 20, the spectrometer spy positioned at 10 side of molten bath
First 21, spectrometer 18 and synchronous generator 17.21 alignment of spectrometer probe being set near the molten bath 10 is described etc.
Gas ions/metallic vapour 19, spectrometer 18 are connected with spectrometer probe 21, acquire the number that the spectrometer probe 21 measures
According to；The high-speed camera 16, lighting device 20 and spectrometer 18 are connected with synchronous generator 17, guarantee that the high speed is taken the photograph
When camera 16 acquires image, the lighting device 20 is in illumination condition, and guarantees the high-speed camera 16 and the light
Spectrometer 18 acquires data simultaneously.It proposes to determine sedimentary matter using the state of 10 plasmas of molten bath/metal vapors 19 as criterion
Measure fine or not situation.19 information of plasma/metal vapors in molten bath 10 is carried out using high-speed camera 16 and spectrometer 18
Information collected is transmitted to control computer 15, is known in molten bath 10 according to 19 information of plasma/metal vapors by acquisition
Portion's situation judges the capability and performance of sedimentary 12, and according to judging result, real-time monitoring high frequency short-pulse laser parameter continuously swashs
Optical parameter, accessory power supply parameter and Beam rotation parameter, whole device formed closed-loop system, realize systematization, automation and
Preparation time and cost have been saved in intelligence, improve efficiency and quality.The high-speed camera 16 of the information acquisition system is clapped
It takes the photograph speed and is up to 40000 frame per second, dynamic range is up to 160dB；It is 200- that the spectrometer 18, which can measure wave-length coverage,
1100nm, highest resolution 0.04nm.
The high-frequency induction heating system includes high-frequency induction heating coil 11 and high-frequency induction heating power 14.The height
Frequency induction heating power 14 is connected with high-frequency induction heating coil 11, provides electric energy for it, mobile to high-precision two-dimensional is placed on
Substrate 13 on platform is heated；The high-precision two-dimensional mobile platform can make in horizontal plane X, Y-direction mobile or X and
Y-direction linkage.
The rotary light beam laser aid, high frequency short-pulse laser device, auxiliary current device, information acquisition system, height
Frequency induction heating system, high-precision two-dimensional mobile platform are connected with control computer 15.The information acquisition system will obtain
Information feed back to control computer 15, control computer 15 in real time adjustment rotary light beam laser aid, high frequency short-pulse laser
Device, wire feed system, auxiliary current device technological parameter, complete material deposition.
Below by taking laser gain material manufactures titanium alloy as an example, the method for laser gain material a kind of in the present invention, equipment signal are used
Figure is as shown in Figure 1.Specific steps include:
A. the threedimensional model for increasing material component is established in control computer 15, and model is carried out at slice using embedded software
Reason, obtains the section profile information of component, works out continuous laser beam scanning in control computer 15 according to shape information
Path；
B. high-precision two-dimensional mobile platform, continuous laser generator 1, high frequency short-pulse laser generator 3 are carried out initially
Change setting；
C. high-frequency induction heating power 14 is opened, 11 temperature value of high-frequency induction heating coil is set, substrate is preheated,
Base material temperature is set to reach 300 DEG C；
D. after substrate is preheated to assigned temperature, high-speed camera 16, lighting device 20, spectrometer probe 21, light are opened
Spectrometer 18 and synchronous generator 17；
E. continuous laser generator 1, high frequency short-pulse laser generator 3, wire-feed motor 6 and power supply device 7 are opened, is realized high
Frequency short-pulse laser-current coupling auxiliary rotary light beam laser gain material manufacture processing；Initial continuous laser generator parameter setting
Are as follows: laser power 1500W, spot diameter 2mm, overlapping rate 50%, powder feeding rate are 25g/min；The setting of optically-active mould group are as follows:
Rate 1500min is commented in rotation-1, 3 ° of beam deflection angle degree, rotary light beam path radius is 1.5mm；Initial high frequency short-pulse laser hair
Raw device parameter setting are as follows: central wavelength 1030nm, peak power output 80W, the output energy of pulse 80 μ J, pulsewidth 100fs.
Initial wire feed rate is 900mm/min；Primary power device electric current is set as 100A.
F. during increasing material manufacturing, according to high-speed camera 16, spectrometer 21 plasma/metals obtained of probe
19 information of steam, determines 12 mass of sedimentary, adjusts continuous laser generator 1 in real time, high frequency short-pulse laser generator 3, send
The technological parameter of silk machine 6 and power supply device 7.
G. all devices are closed after increasing material manufacturing process finishing.
It is closed using blocky titanium prepared by common laser increasing material manufacturing, the increasing material manufacturing of electromagnetism auxiliary laser and the method for the present invention
Golden sample residual stress and tensile strength measurement situation difference are as shown in Figures 3 and 4, find in figure, utilize apparatus of the present invention and side
Titanium alloy prepared by method has minimum residual stress and maximum tensile strength；Observation microscopic structure shows.Fig. 3 and Fig. 4
In, the figure of the rightmost side is the titanium alloy sample of method production according to the present invention.
As shown in figure 5, titanium alloy tissue coarse grains prepared by common laser increasing material manufacturing method, grain structure is distributed not
Uniformly, it is in anisotropy, and the defects of apparent stomata, crackle occurs；As shown in fig. 6, laser of the present invention increases
High frequency short-pulse laser, high-density current are combined in material method, cooperates with slewed laser beam, and three couples auxiliary laser increasing material manufacturing
Prepared titanium alloy dense structure is uniform, and crystal grain is tiny, the defects of stomata, crackle does not occur, can significantly improve titanium conjunction
The comprehensive mechanical property of gold.
The embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, not
In the case where substantive content of the invention, any conspicuous improvement that those skilled in the art can make, replacement
Or modification all belongs to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of laser gain material device, which is characterized in that including rotary light beam laser aid and high frequency short-pulse laser device；
The continuous laser of the rotary light beam laser aid output rotation, the continuous laser are used for material silk melt deposition in base
Material (13) surface；
The high frequency short-pulse laser device exports high frequency short-pulse laser, and the high frequency short-pulse laser is used for molten bath (10)
Middle input pulse laser beam.
2. the device of laser gain material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include the auxiliary current device；It is described
Auxiliary current device is for making material silk and molten bath (10) constitute current loop, for making molten bath (10) is internal directly to generate strong electromagnetic
Power.
3. the device of laser gain material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the rotary light beam laser aid includes connecting
Continuous laser generator (1), the first high-accuracy mechanical arm (2) and continuous wave laser laser head (9)；The continuous laser generator
(1) it is connected with continuous wave laser laser head (9)；The continuous wave laser laser head (9) is mounted on the first high-accuracy mechanical arm
(2) on；Wire-feed motor (6) is used to convey material silk into the continuous wave laser laser head (9).
4. the device of laser gain material according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in the continuous wave laser laser head (9)
Built-in optically-active mould group, for generating rotary light beam.
5. laser gain material device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the high frequency short-pulse laser device includes height
Frequency short-pulse laser generator (3), high frequency short-pulse laser head (4) and the second high-accuracy mechanical arm (5)；The short arteries and veins of high frequency
Impulse optical generator (3) is connected with the high frequency short-pulse laser head (4)；The high frequency short-pulse laser head (4) is mounted on
On two high-accuracy mechanical arms (5)；The high frequency short-pulse laser head (4) is located at continuous wave laser laser head (9) side,
And the quasi- molten bath (10) on high frequency short-pulse laser head (4) alignment substrate (13) surface, for being held in the molten bath (10)
It is continuous that pulse laser beam is provided.
6. laser gain material device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the auxiliary current device includes power supply device
(7) and additional rolling electrode (8)；Described power supply device (7) one end is connected with material silk, power supply device (7) other end with it is attached
Add rolling electrode (8) connect, the additional rolling electrode (8) be located at the molten bath (10) rear side, and with sedimentary (12) surface
It is in contact, constitutes current loop.
7. laser gain material device according to claim 1-6, which is characterized in that further include information acquisition system；
The information acquisition system includes high-speed camera (16), lighting device (20), spectrometer probe (21), spectrometer (18) and same
It walks signal generator (17)；The high-speed camera (16) is located near molten bath (10), and the spectrometer probe (21) is for surveying
Plasma/the metallic vapour (19) generated in the molten bath (10) is measured, the spectrometer (18) is for acquiring the spectrometer
The data that probe (21) measures；The high-speed camera (16), lighting device (20) and spectrometer (18) and synchronization signal occur
Device (17) is connected, and when guaranteeing that the high-speed camera (16) acquire image, the lighting device (20) is in illumination condition, and
Guarantee the high-speed camera (16) and the spectrometer (18) while acquiring data.
8. laser gain material device according to claim 1-6, which is characterized in that further include high-frequency induction heating system
System；The high-frequency induction heating system includes high-frequency induction heating coil (11) and high-frequency induction heating power (14), the height
Frequency load coil (11) is located at substrate (13) bottom, the high-frequency induction heating power (14) and high-frequency induction heating coil
(11) it is connected, is used for heated substrate (13).
9. a kind of method that laser gain material device according to claim 1 is used for increasing material manufacturing, which is characterized in that including such as
Lower step:
By the continuous laser of rotary light beam laser aid output rotation, by material silk melt deposition on substrate (13) surface；
High frequency short-pulse laser is inputted in molten bath (10) by high frequency short-pulse laser device.
10. laser gain material device according to claim 9 be used for increasing material manufacturing method, which is characterized in that further include as
Lower step:
Electromagnetism is generated inside molten bath (10): by making material silk and molten bath (10) constitute current loop, keeping molten bath (10) internal directly
Generate forceful electric power magnetic force；
Pre- hot substrate (13): it is preheated by high-frequency induction heating system to substrate (13)；
Sedimentary (12) quality on-line monitoring: pass through the plasma generated in molten bath described in information acquisition system real-time detection (10)
Body/metallic vapour (19) judges sedimentary (12) quality, and control computer (15) is according to judging result dynamic adjustment rotary light beam
The parameter of laser aid, high frequency short-pulse laser device and auxiliary current device.
Priority Applications (2)
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| CN201811140619.7A CN109175364B (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2018-09-28 | Laser additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method thereof |
| PCT/CN2018/110197 WO2020062341A1 (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2018-10-15 | Laser additive apparatus and additive manufacturing method therefor |
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| CN201811140619.7A CN109175364B (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2018-09-28 | Laser additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN109175364B CN109175364B (en) | 2020-02-21 |
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| WO (1) | WO2020062341A1 (en) |
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