CN109163603B - Track cooling system and cooling method of electromagnetic track gun - Google Patents
Track cooling system and cooling method of electromagnetic track gun Download PDFInfo
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- CN109163603B CN109163603B CN201811048389.1A CN201811048389A CN109163603B CN 109163603 B CN109163603 B CN 109163603B CN 201811048389 A CN201811048389 A CN 201811048389A CN 109163603 B CN109163603 B CN 109163603B
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- cooling
- rail
- cooling channel
- guide rail
- electromagnetic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41B—WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F41B6/00—Electromagnetic launchers ; Plasma-actuated launchers
- F41B6/006—Rail launchers
Abstract
The invention relates to a track cooling system and a cooling method of an electromagnetic rail gun, belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic rail guns, and solves the problem that the surface of a track is ablated and damaged due to untimely heat dissipation in an existing gun bore. A rail cooling system of an electromagnetic rail gun comprises a cooling channel arranged in a rail of the electromagnetic rail gun, a liquid storage tank for storing a coolant and a low-temperature liquid pump; the cooling channel is arranged along the length direction of the guide rail; the low-temperature liquid pump conveys the coolant in the liquid storage tank to the cooling channel. The invention can cool the track of the electromagnetic rail gun in real time, thereby reducing the impedance of the track, reducing the energy loss, increasing the accelerating force of the armature and further increasing the efficiency of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic rail guns, in particular to a rail cooling system and a cooling method of an electromagnetic rail gun.
Background
The electromagnetic rail gun is a new-concept weapon, which is made according to the electromagnetic induction law in physics, and the main principle is to use pulse heavy current to generate electromagnetic force to accelerate the projectile. The magnitude of the electromagnetic force is in direct proportion to the square of the current, and the electromagnetic force can be controlled by controlling the magnitude of the current, so that the acceleration process of the projectile is controlled.
For the continuous-transmitting electromagnetic rail gun, in the armature transmitting process, due to the electrical contact problem of the pivot rail, a large amount of heat is generated on the contact surface of the pivot rail, and the continuous-transmitting causes untimely heat dissipation in a gun bore, the surface of the rail is ablated and the like, and the surface of the rail is damaged.
The patent with the publication number of CN105444614B achieves the purpose of reducing the rail temperature of the rail gun by absorbing heat of chemical reaction in the reaction channel. On the one hand, the above patent requires subsequent treatment of the reaction product after the chemical reaction; on the other hand, the liquid nitrogen temperature is-196 ℃, and the low temperature of-196 ℃ is difficult to be reached by heat absorption of chemical reaction. In addition, a gas separation device is needed to separate carbon dioxide and iron generated by the reaction, the greenhouse effect is aggravated when the carbon dioxide is discharged into the atmosphere, the iron generated by the reaction needs to enter an iron oxide regeneration device, the process is complex, a plurality of reaction devices are needed, and the operation and the control are not easy.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a cooling system and a cooling method for an electromagnetic rail gun, which can solve at least one of the following technical problems: (1) the existing rail gun cooling method has poor cooling effect, so that the heat dissipation in a gun bore is not timely, the surface of a rail is ablated, and the surface of the rail is damaged; (2) the existing rail gun cooling method has the disadvantages of complex process, more reaction equipment and difficult operation and control.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
a rail cooling system of an electromagnetic rail gun comprises a cooling channel arranged in a rail of the electromagnetic rail gun, a liquid storage tank for storing a coolant and a low-temperature liquid pump; the cooling channel is arranged along the length direction of the guide rail; the low-temperature liquid pump conveys the coolant in the liquid storage tank to the cooling channel; the track cooling system further comprises a valve body used for controlling the flow of the coolant, and the valve body is arranged between the low-temperature liquid pump and the liquid storage tank.
On the basis of the scheme, the invention is further improved as follows:
furthermore, the front section of the cooling channel is arranged along the length direction of the guide rail, and the rear section of the cooling channel is arranged in a direction deviating from the contact surface of the guide rail and the armature.
Further, the coolant is liquid nitrogen or liquid helium.
Further, the cooling channels are through holes, and the number of the cooling channels is 1, 2 or 3.
Further, the through holes comprise a first through hole, a second through hole and a third through hole; the first through hole is positioned right below the contact surface of the armature and the guide rail, and the second through hole and the third through hole are symmetrically arranged relative to the first through hole.
Furthermore, the vertical distance between the highest point of the cooling channel and the topmost end of the guide rail is more than or equal to 1cm, and the vertical distance between the lowest point of the cooling channel and the bottommost end of the rail is more than or equal to 0.5 cm.
Further, the coolant is deionized water.
Furthermore, the cooling channel is U-shaped, the track cooling system further comprises a return pipe, and the deionized water is discharged through the return pipe.
Furthermore, the cross section of the cooling channel is circular or elliptical, and the cross section of the guide rail is in a convex arc shape.
The invention also discloses a track cooling method of the electromagnetic track gun, which comprises the following steps: the low-temperature liquid pump continuously conveys the coolant into the cooling channel of the guide rail, and the coolant is discharged in a gasification mode or is discharged through a return pipe.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the cooling channel is arranged in the guide rail, and the coolant is introduced into the cooling channel, so that the guide rail can be cooled in real time, the heat in a bore can be dissipated in time, the temperature of the rail can be reduced from tens of thousands of degrees to hundreds of degrees, the impedance of the rail is reduced, the energy loss is reduced, the accelerating force of the armature is increased, and the efficiency of the system is further increased.
2. The length direction setting of guide rail is followed to cooling channel's anterior segment, cooling channel's back end is partial to the direction setting of guide rail and armature contact surface, above-mentioned special structural design for the temperature of the higher big gun mouth end of temperature also can reduce fast.
3. The track cooling system of the electromagnetic rail gun not only ensures good conductive effect, but also does not influence the service life of the guide rail, and improves the efficiency of the electromagnetic rail gun when continuously launching.
4. According to the shape of the track, the position, the shape and the size of the cooling channel are reasonably arranged, so that the influence on the current density is greatly reduced, the cooling effect is improved, and the phenomena of local ablation and the like are reduced.
5. The invention has less equipment and is easy to operate and control.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic orbital gun system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the operation of the orbital cooling system of the electromagnetic orbital gun according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a guide rail provided with a through hole according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a guide rail with an angled through-hole according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a rail having a cooling channel that is straight first and then bent and then straight according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a guide rail having through holes along both the length and width directions of the guide rail according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a U-shaped rail having a cooling channel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a rail having a cooling channel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a guide rail provided with three cooling channels according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-a guide rail; 2-an armature; 3-a pulse power supply; 4-a cooling channel; 5-a first via; 6-a second via; 7-U-shaped cooling channels; 8-cryogenic liquid pump; 9-a liquid storage tank; 10-a third via; 11-valve body.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
The electromagnetic orbital cannon is made according to the electromagnetic induction law in physics, two guide rails of the electromagnetic orbital cannon are parallel to each other, the launching assembly slides along the axial direction of the guide rails, and the armature is used for transferring current between the two guide rails and receiving the action of Lorentz force to push a projectile to do accelerated motion to a cannon mouth so as to convert electromagnetic energy into kinetic energy. When the magnetic field is emitted, current is introduced at the tail ends of the guide rails, flows along one guide rail, passes through the armature and flows back along the other guide rail to form a closed loop. When the armature reaches the muzzle, the bullet in front of the armature and the armature obtains high speed, and the bullet breaks away from the circuit or the track to start free flight.
The continuous launching of the rail cannon is the basis for the rail cannon to enter a real combat system, a large amount of heat can be generated on a pivot rail contact surface in the launching process, and the instantaneous temperature on the rail can reach tens of thousands of degrees. And the continuous firing can cause insufficient heat dissipation in the bore, so that the surface of the guide rail 1 is ablated and the like, and further the surface of the guide rail 1 is damaged. To reduce damage to the rail 1, thermal management within the bore is important, and an effective way is to cool the rail 1 in real time.
The main ideas of the invention are as follows: under the condition of not influencing current density, a cooling channel is arranged on the guide rail 1, and a cooling medium is introduced into the cooling channel. During the emission process of the armature, the cooling agent is continuously introduced into the cooling channel, so that the guide rail can be continuously cooled.
Example one
The invention discloses a track cooling system of an electromagnetic rail gun, which comprises a cooling channel arranged in a guide rail (track) 1 of the electromagnetic rail gun, a liquid storage tank 9 for storing coolant and a low-temperature liquid pump 8, wherein the cooling channel is used for cooling the electromagnetic rail gun; the cooling channel 4 is arranged along the length direction of the guide rail 1; the low-temperature liquid pump 8 conveys the coolant in the liquid storage tank 9 to the cooling channel 4, the track cooling system of the embodiment further comprises a valve body 11 for controlling the flow of the coolant, and the valve body 11 is arranged between the low-temperature liquid pump 8 and the liquid storage tank 9.
The working process of the electromagnetic rail gun comprises the following steps:
the guide rail 1 comprises a first guide rail and a second guide rail, the circuit is conducted, the pulse power supply 3 provides current, the current sequentially passes through the first rail, the armature 2 and the second rail and returns to the pulse power supply 3, a large current flows through the loop of the guide rail 1 to induce a strong magnetic field, the current in the armature 2 interacts with the magnetic field to generate very high electromagnetic force for pushing the launching assembly to do accelerated motion forwards, when the armature 2 reaches a muzzle, the projectiles in front of the armature 2 and the armature 2 obtain high speed, and the projectiles separate from the circuit or the rail 1 and start to fly freely.
When the cooling device is implemented, the low-temperature liquid pump conveys the coolant to the cooling channel 4 of the guide rail, and the coolant is gasified and discharged; and continuously introducing the coolant into the cooling channel to continuously cool the rail.
Compared with the prior art, the track cooling system of the electromagnetic rail gun provided by the embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the cooling channel is arranged in the guide rail, and the coolant is introduced into the cooling channel, so that the guide rail can be cooled in real time, the heat in a bore can be dissipated in time, the temperature of the rail can be reduced from tens of thousands of degrees to hundreds of degrees, the impedance of the rail is reduced, the energy loss is reduced, the accelerating force of the armature is increased, and the efficiency of the system is further increased.
2. The length direction setting of guide rail is followed to cooling channel's anterior segment, and cooling channel's back end is partial to the direction setting of guide rail and armature contact surface, above-mentioned special structural design for the temperature of the higher big gun mouth end of temperature also can reduce fast.
3. The track cooling system of the electromagnetic rail gun not only ensures good conductive effect, but also does not influence the service life of the guide rail, and improves the efficiency of the electromagnetic rail gun when continuously launching.
4. According to the shape of the track, the position, the shape and the size of the cooling channel are reasonably arranged, so that the influence on the current density is greatly reduced, the cooling effect is improved, and the phenomena of local ablation and the like are reduced.
Liquid nitrogen is colorless, odorless, nonflammable, extremely low temperature liquid nitrogen. At atmospheric pressure, the liquid nitrogen temperature was-196 ℃. In the armature movement, liquid nitrogen with lower temperature is quickly gasified after entering the cooling channel, the volume is quickly increased, the liquid nitrogen is sprayed out in a gas form from the other outlet of the cooling channel under the pushing of air pressure, and the cooling channel is designed into a through hole to be beneficial to the spraying of the liquid nitrogen. The liquid nitrogen is continuously introduced into the cooling hole, so that the temperature of the track can be continuously reduced, the impedance of the track is reduced, the energy loss is reduced, the accelerating force of the armature is increased, and the efficiency of the system is increased.
The coolant may also be liquid helium, for example. As with the use of liquid nitrogen as the coolant, the coolant becomes gaseous after passing through the cooling passage, without the need for a return pipe.
In order to make the through holes uniformly stressed, the through holes of the present embodiment are provided directly below the contact surface of the armature and the guide rail (i.e., the pivot rail contact surface). The through hole is arranged at the position, so that the through hole only receives the force in the right-below direction, and the forces in the left-right direction are mutually offset. Specifically, a hole is formed in the middle lower part of the pivot rail contact surface.
In order to further reduce the temperature of the guide rail, the number of the through holes can also be 2 or 3. In consideration of the problem of stress balance, the number of the through holes in the embodiment is selected to be 3, the number of the through holes comprises a first through hole, a second through hole and a third through hole, the first through hole 5 is positioned right below the contact surface of the armature and the guide rail, and the second through hole 6 and the third through hole 10 are symmetrically arranged relative to the first through hole 5. The second through hole 6 and the third through hole 10 are disposed at positions not higher than the first through hole 5.
It should be noted that, in order to reduce the influence of the cooling channel on the current density distribution, in the embodiment of the present invention, the vertical distance from the highest point of the cooling channel to the topmost end of the guide rail is greater than or equal to 1cm, and the vertical distance from the lowest point of the cooling channel to the bottommost end of the rail is greater than or equal to 0.5 cm. Another reason for the above arrangement is that the liquid nitrogen expands rapidly in volume, which generates a certain pressure on the guide rail, and if the thickness of the through hole is too thin, the guide rail is easily ablated. As long as the thickness of the cooling hole is larger than 1cm, the expanded pressure can not damage the track, the service life of the guide rail can not be influenced, the heat in the bore can be dissipated in time, and the situations such as ablation and the like are reduced.
Example two
In view of the kinematic characteristics of the armature, the muzzle end is at a higher temperature than the muzzle end, and therefore the cooling of the rail is mainly concentrated in the middle rear section, whereas in actual use, the coolant is generally introduced from the muzzle end because: if the coolant is introduced from the muzzle end, nitrogen gas after liquid nitrogen gasification can be discharged from the muzzle end, other equipment, cables and the like are arranged at the muzzle end, the service life of the other equipment can be shortened due to the nitrogen gas with higher temperature, and the aging of the cables can be accelerated.
In order to make the temperature of big gun mouth end drop fast, this embodiment sets up the length direction of guide rail with cooling channel's anterior segment along, and cooling channel's back end is partial to the direction setting of guide rail and armature contact surface to make the perpendicular distance of the big gun tail end that the temperature is higher from cooling channel shorter, and then make the guide rail temperature of big gun mouth end will get off sooner, as shown in fig. 4.
Illustratively, the cooling channels are designed to be offset 3-5mm in the direction of the rail-armature interface at a distance from the muzzle 1/3 to 2/3. If the hardness of the track material is higher, the caliber of the cooling channel can be kept unchanged; if the hardness of the guide rail material is lower, the caliber of the cooling channel can be properly reduced, so that the rail cannot deform due to the existence of the cooling channel in the armature launching process, and the cooling channel is gradually changed from big to small.
In general, the curved portion starts to curve in a direction biased toward the contact surface of the guide rail and the armature from the muzzle 1/2, in consideration of the fact that the curved portion of the curved passage has a large radius of curvature which contributes to smooth flow of the coolant in the cooling passage.
Considering that the cooling channel is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rail, the cooling effect is good, so in this embodiment, the cooling channel is changed from a position distant from the muzzle 1/4 to a straight channel, that is, to a channel disposed along the longitudinal direction of the rail, as shown in fig. 5.
In order to further rapidly reduce the temperature of the blast nozzle end, the cooling channels are also provided in the left and right side surfaces of the guide rail 1 in the present embodiment, and the cooling channels are arranged in the width direction of the guide rail and are communicated with the cooling channels arranged in the length direction of the guide rail, as shown in fig. 6.
In order to further control the flow of coolant, a valve body 11 is also provided between the cryogenic liquid pump 8 and the cooling channel 4.
EXAMPLE III
The coolant of embodiments of the present invention may also be water, both from a source and cost perspective. The coolant in this embodiment is deionized water, considering that the normal tap water contains impurities, and the impurities have a conductive function and affect the distribution of current density.
Because only a small part of the deionized water is gasified after flowing through the cooling channel, and most of the deionized water still exists in the form of liquid water, the track cooling system of the embodiment further comprises a return pipe, and the deionized water coming out of the cooling channel is discharged through the return pipe.
In order to allow a sufficient heat exchange between the di water and the rail, the cooling channel of the present embodiment is provided in a U-shape 7. Considering that it is troublesome to open a U-shaped cooling duct in the rail 1, it is difficult to realize the process by directly opening a hole in the formed guide rail 1. In the embodiment of the invention, holes can be formed in the machining process of the guide rail 1, or two through holes are firstly drilled on the formed guide rail 1, then the two holes are penetrated through at the muzzle part, and then the redundant part is blocked. The deionized water is continuously introduced into the cooling pipeline, so that the guide rail 1 can be continuously cooled, the energy loss on the guide rail 1 is reduced, the conditions of thermal damage and the like of the guide rail 1 are reduced, the accelerating force of the armature 2 is increased, and the efficiency of the system is increased.
To further reduce the temperature of the guide rail, the deionized water used may be low temperature deionized water.
Example four
For convenience of implementation, connecting pipes are respectively arranged between the liquid storage tank 9 and the low-temperature liquid pump 8 and between the low-temperature liquid pump 8 and the cooling channel 4. In order to reduce the loss of cooling capacity during the liquid transportation process, the present embodiment is provided with a heat insulating member outside the connection pipe, in consideration of the fact that the coolant exchanges heat with the outside when flowing through the connection pipe. Illustratively, the thermal insulation member may be an insulating layer.
In the present embodiment, the cross section of the cooling passage 4 may be circular or elliptical, but not rectangular or square, because: the raised edges of the rectangular and square cooling channels influence the current density distribution on the one hand, and on the other hand, the heat generated during the emission process is concentrated at the corner parts, resulting in deformation of the rails.
Illustratively, the cross section of the guide rail 1 may be a convex arc shape. The reason why a convexly curved guide rail is selected and a guide rail with edges and corners, such as a convex shape, is that: the angular guide rails cause uneven current density distribution and heat generated during the firing process is concentrated at the angular portions, resulting in deformation of the rails.
The current on the rail is mostly concentrated at the rail surface according to the skin effect of the current. In order to select the proper position of the cooling channel, the invention carries out multi-physical-field simulation on the gun body, and the position, the shape and the size of the cooling channel arranged by the invention have little influence on the current density, so the arrangement of the cooling channel is reasonable.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A rail cooling system of an electromagnetic rail gun is characterized by comprising a cooling channel arranged in a rail of the electromagnetic rail gun, a liquid storage tank for storing a coolant and a low-temperature liquid pump; the cooling channel is arranged along the length direction of the guide rail; the low-temperature liquid pump conveys the coolant in the liquid storage tank to the cooling channel; the track cooling system also comprises a valve body for controlling the flow of the coolant, and the valve body is arranged between the low-temperature liquid pump and the liquid storage tank;
the front section of the cooling channel is arranged along the length direction of the guide rail, the rear section of the cooling channel is arranged in a direction deviating from the contact surface of the guide rail and the armature, and the offset distance of the cooling channel is 3-5 mm;
the cooling channel begins to bend in a direction deviating from the contact surface of the guide rail and the armature at the distance from the muzzle 1/2, and the cooling channel begins to change into a straight channel from the distance from the muzzle 1/4;
the vertical distance from the highest point of the cooling channel to the topmost end of the guide rail is more than or equal to 1cm, and the vertical distance from the lowest point of the cooling channel to the bottommost end of the rail is more than or equal to 0.5 cm;
the cross section of the guide rail is in a convex arc shape.
2. An orbital cooling system for an electromagnetic orbital cannon according to claim 1 wherein the coolant is liquid nitrogen or liquid helium.
3. An orbital cooling system for an electromagnetic orbital cannon according to claim 1 wherein the cooling passages are through-holes and the number of cooling passages is 1, 2 or 3.
4. The orbital cooling system of an electromagnetic orbital cannon according to claim 3 wherein the through-holes comprise a first through-hole, a second through-hole, and a third through-hole; the first through hole is positioned right below the contact surface of the armature and the guide rail, and the second through hole and the third through hole are symmetrically arranged relative to the first through hole.
5. An orbital cooling system for an electromagnetic orbital cannon according to claim 1 wherein the coolant is deionized water.
6. The orbital cooling system for an electromagnetic orbital cannon of claim 5 wherein the cooling channel is U-shaped, the orbital cooling system further comprising a return tube through which the deionized water is discharged.
7. An orbital cooling system for an electromagnetic orbital cannon according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the cross-section of the cooling passage is circular or elliptical.
8. A method for cooling the orbit of an electromagnetic orbital cannon, characterized in that it uses the orbit cooling system of any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: the low-temperature liquid pump continuously conveys the coolant into the cooling channel of the guide rail, and the coolant is discharged in a gasification mode or is discharged through a return pipe.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811048389.1A CN109163603B (en) | 2018-09-10 | 2018-09-10 | Track cooling system and cooling method of electromagnetic track gun |
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| CN201811048389.1A CN109163603B (en) | 2018-09-10 | 2018-09-10 | Track cooling system and cooling method of electromagnetic track gun |
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| CN109163603B true CN109163603B (en) | 2021-06-01 |
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| CN109682253A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-26 | 广州国曜科技有限公司 | A kind of magnetic artillery orbit launching mouth cooling device |
| CN110207535A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-09-06 | 天津大学 | A kind of electromagnetic path surface spraying cooling system |
| CN111998724A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-27 | 天津大学 | Active internal cooling system of electromagnetic track |
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| DE10337205A1 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2005-03-10 | Km Europa Metal Ag | Liquid-cooled mold |
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| US20160290758A1 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2016-10-06 | Borja SIERRA IZQUIERDO | Barrel and an electromagnetic projectile launching system |
| CN105444614A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-03-30 | 华南理工大学 | Circulating cooling system for railgun rail and cooling method |
| KR20180008086A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-01-24 | 한화디펜스 주식회사 | Super conducting coil gun |
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