CN109153337A - 充电站和用于运行充电站的方法 - Google Patents
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- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于运行用于电动汽车的充电站的方法,其中,监控至少一个布置在电网接头和充电线接头之间的保险装置的开关状态,并且借助接触状态监控充电线接头上的充电线的连接和断开。如果在充电线连接在充电线接头上的期间借助监控的开关状态检测到保险装置出现的打开,充电站在车辆侧故障时则可以继续保持运行,并且对于这样检测到的打开,保险装置在检测到充电线从充电线接头断开后自主地关闭。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行用于电动汽车的充电站的方法以及这种充电站。
背景技术
随着用于电动汽车的电气的充电站的流行,运营商对那些可以尽可能成本高效并且故障安全地运行的充电站的兴趣越来越高。通过充电站的去中心地分布,使保持尽可能低的手动维护和干预的次数成为必要。与传统的用于液体燃料的、与待加注的车辆的功能性无关地提供燃料的加注装置不同,在电气的充电站领域存在车辆和充电站之间的电流的耦合。
当连接在充电站上的车辆内部电气功能故障直接反作用于充电站并可能在此也导致功能故障时,车辆和充电站之间的电流耦合就成为问题。对此最简明的例子是例如由电动汽车中的故障的充电调节器导致超出充电站中的最大允许电流强度。另外的例子可能是电动汽车内的电气相位之间不正确的绝缘。由此可能导致即使微小的故障电流就能够引起触发故障电流保险装置。
一旦触发了充电站内的保险装置,充电站就无法再用于当前的和其他的充电过程。当前必要的是,服务技术人员找到该充电站并手动地重新接通保险装置。
发明内容
本发明的目的因此在于提高充电站的可用性。
该目的通过根据权利要求1的方法以及根据权利要求12的设备实现。
具体已知的是,充电站内的保险装置的触发也可能通过连接在充电站上的车辆内的功能故障导致。还已知的是,在此情况下保险装置的手动复位可以是不必要的。发明人尤其已经注意到,在导致保险装置的触发的车辆从充电站断开后,充电站在正常情况下可以继续运行。问题仅在于保险装置一旦触发,传统上必须手动复位。
另一方面,出于安全技术原因,保险装置的自动复位无法简单实现。对于在充电站内出现故障的情况,保险装置的自主复位是不希望的。因此发明人注意到,在保险装置触发期间对充电站的状态,尤其是对充电站与充电线的接触状态的识别能够实现保险装置更安全的自主复位。为此具体地提出,首先监控至少一个布置在电网接头和充电线接头之间的保险装置的开关状态。
电网接头通常是地方电网接头或中等电压接头。电网接头通过合适的接头在充电站中电绝缘地引导并且在此通过至少一个保险装置防护。在此,尤其是电网接头的每个单独的相位分别通过保险装置防护。保险装置的输出侧,各个相位通过充电电子部件和测量装置引导至充电线的电气插头触点。
一旦充电线插入到充电站中,并且例如信号告知充电站充电就绪,则开始充电过程并释放充电电流。可能发生的是,在充电过程中触发保险装置并且电网接头和充电线接头之间的连接电气地断开。这种断开可以根据保险装置的开关状态检测。
电网接头和充电线接头之间连接的断开通过保险装置的打开引起。如果检测到在充电线连接在充电线接头上的期间出现保险装置的打开,则根据本发明保险装置现在可以自动并且自主地重新关闭。尤其是当充电线从充电线接头上断开时才进行保险装置的自主的关闭。为此监控充电线接头上的充电线的接触状态并确定充电线是连接在充电线接头上还是从其上断开。如果检测到断开,即充电线从充电线接头上拔下,并且同时确定之前在充电线连接在充电线接头上的期间触发了保险装置,则建议通过自主地关闭保险装置使保险装置的打开自主地复位。
发明人已经注意到,保险装置的这种自主的关闭不损害充电站的电气安全性。还可能的是,在充电线或短暂充电的电动汽车内部的故障的情况下,使充电站的由此引起的停用自动地复位。如果在充电过程中的故障出现在充电站中,则保险装置在其自主地关闭后,如果此故障重新出现,保险装置再次打开。因为在这种情况下可能没有车辆连接在充电站上,也就是识别到充电线的接触状态处于“断开”,则之后具体地不再进行保险装置的自主的关闭并且充电站保持切断。在这种情况下技术人员可以手动排除故障。
接触状态可以机械地或电气地监控。通过接近开关、微动开关、光学探测器或类似的可以监控充电线是否机械地连接在充电线接头上。可以给出相应的接触状态。同样实现了充电线的接触状态的电气的监控。在此可以监控例如线缆的电气连接上的导频信号。传统的充电线除了零线、相线导体和地线导体以外还具有至少一个另外的信号导体,其也称作导频导体。车辆可以通过导频信号与充电站交换其充电就绪。借助导频信号可以监控充电线是否连接在充电线接头上。如果检测不到导频信号,则可以例如将接触状态置于“断开”。如果可以检测到导频信号,则可以例如将接触状态置于“连接”。接触状态可以通过置位二进制数位监控。例如可以将“连接”状态逻辑上存储为1并且将“断开”状态逻辑上存储为0。
还可能的是,电气地通过线缆的电阻测量接触状态。通常充电线具有标准化的电阻,从而充电站可以测量是否连接了许可的充电线。如果电阻测量失败,同样也可以将接触状态置于“断开”。如果测量是正的,则可以将接触状态置于“连接”。通过接触状态的电气和/或机械的检测可以进行充电线接头上的充电线可靠的识别。
借助接触状态的监控实现了至少一个保险装置的有条件的自主关闭。如果在充电线连接在充电线接头上的期间出现故障并且在此保险装置打开,则具体地保险装置可以在充电线从充电线接头拔下之后自主关闭。在所有其他情况下,即如果保险装置触发,而充电线没有连接在充电线接头上,则接触状态识别为“断开”,不进行保险装置的自主关闭,因为故障大概率出现在充电站内。
如已经提到的,充电站可以具有不止一个保险装置。尤其对充电站的所有三个相位单独保护。尤其每个相位除了负载保护开关还可以使用额外的故障电流保护开关。就此而言,根据本发明的保险装置包括至少优选一个负载开关或负载保护开关以及一个故障电流保护开关。
保险装置的触发也可以温度相关地进行。尤其是在过高的充电电流时保险装置中的温度可能上升并且最终导致保险装置的打开。保险装置的这种由于温度超限的触发可以造成自主关闭要么被阻止要么在一定时间之后才进行。
因此根据一个实施例建议,在超过最大温度时阻止自主关闭。另一方面也可能的是,等待一定时间之后自主关闭。这在例如由于故障而超出最大充电功率并由此使充电站内的温度超过限值时可以是有意义的。如果这时以另外的充电线或另外的电动汽车进行新的充电过程,通常可以以正常充电功率工作。然而由于温度已经过高,完好的车辆的正常的充电功率导致充电站内的温度下降得不够快。为了防止这个现象,保险装置在一段时间后才关闭,从而只在认为充电站内的温度下降到可接受的值,即下降到限值以下才开始接下来的充电过程。
还建议,充电过程的充电功率在自主关闭后相对于常规充电功率降低。在温度超过限值时尤其是这样。充电功率相对于常规功率的降低可以例如通过充电站信号告知车辆内的充电调节器降低充电功率来进行。通过降低的充电功率确保充电站内的温度不继续上升或者甚至使其下降。
根据一个实施例建议,保险装置不依靠与空间上分开地布置的中心通讯而自主地在充电站中关闭。已知的是,在单独的充电站与中心之间无法通讯时,保险装置的自主关闭也可以使充电站的可用性提高。正是通过充电站可以自主关闭保险装置,充电站才可以提高其可用性。不需要通过中心的控制或调节。
保险装置的关闭可以通过马达执行机构进行。尤其在检测到保险装置打开并且还检测到该打开是在“连接”的接触状态期间进行的并且接触状态转为“断开”状态时,激活马达执行机构。
根据一个实施例建议,电网接头是多相的。通过多相的电网接头实现了电动汽车在多个相位上同时充电,然而这与电动汽车内的充电调节器的能力有关。如果在多个相位上充电,则可能出现仅触发并打开一个相位上的保险装置。然而已知的是,无论是否所有保险装置都实际触发了,始终都在所有保险装置上进行自主关闭。这意味着,即使只触发了多个保险装置中其中一个并且由于上述条件发出用于保险装置自动关闭的信号,所有保险装置都自主关闭。该关闭尤其通过机械执行机构进行,尤其是马达执行机构。该执行机构在所有保险装置上相同地操纵,与保险装置之前是打开的或关闭的无关。这确保了在保险装置自动关闭后所有相位都可用于接下来的充电。
根据一个实施例建议,在保险装置自主关闭后监控其开关状态,并且在保险装置打开而没有检测到充电线连接在充电线接头上时向空间上分开的中心发出故障信号。保险装置的打开一方面可以通过连接在充电线接头上的充电线或电动汽车引起,另一方面通过充电站内的电气故障引起。如果在充电站内出现故障并且在充电线从充电线接头断开后进行了自主关闭,那么,如果故障依然存在,则重新触发保险装置。由此认为在自主关闭后保险装置重新打开。然而在此情况下检测到接触状态为“断开”,即没有充电线连接在充电线接头上。该充电站内的内部故障必须像以前一样手动排除。为了尽可能迅速地实现维修,具体地在此建议发出故障信号。
根据一个实施例建议,确定从检测到充电线由充电线接头断开到保险装置自主关闭之间的时间段。尤其建议,随着在间隔内检测到的打开的次数,该时间段不断更长。可能出现,损坏的充电线或损坏的电动汽车连接在充电站上。该损坏可能导致保险装置打开。具体而言,在拔下充电线后,保险装置自主重新关闭。但是,如果用户希望该损坏的充电线或损坏的电动汽车重新开启一个充电过程,则用户在拔下充电线之后直接将其重新插入充电站。保险装置则在自主关闭后再次打开。重复该过程直到用户停止其充电线的插上和拔下。为了避免保险装置进行不断的打开和关闭,检查在拔下后的特定间隔内是否插上充电线。通常如果相同的用户拔下并插上充电线,该间隔是短的。另一方面,如果新的用户希望在充电站上充电,则会耗费一段时间,例如至少一分钟。
如果检测到第一次拔下,则间隔可以开始。如果短时间地,即在特定的间隔内又进行重新的插上,则检测到的打开次数提高一次,因为由于充电线或电动汽车中的损坏重新触发保险装置。如果用户拔下充电线并将其重新插上,则检测到的打开次数提高一次,并且到保险装置关闭的时间段可以增加。
如果充电线从充电线接头拔下,则保险装置在该时间段结束后再次关闭。次数则又增加一次。如果用户重新拔下线缆并将其再次插上,则由于次数是两次,时间段再次变长并且到保险装置自主关闭之前的时间持续得更久。这导致用户必要时停止将其损坏的充电线或其损坏的车辆重新插到充电站上。
为了确保间隔不会过短而建议,在间隔内检测到的每次打开之后都将该间隔延长一个时间段,尤其以之前确定的从检测到的拔下到保险装置的关闭之间的时间段延长。
根据一个实施例建议,确定在间隔内检测到的打开的次数。尤其如果检测到第一次打开或进行第一次自主关闭就可以开始该间隔。检测到的打开的次数在间隔结束后复位,尤其设为零。如果超过检测到的打开的最大次数,可以阻止自主关闭。尤其应当阻止有意造成保险装置打开的破坏企图。
另一方面是根据权利要求12所述的充电站。保险装置优选设置用于至少在充电线接头上检测电气故障。保险装置还设置用于开关电网接头和充电线接头之间的电气连接。
附图说明
接下来根据附图所示的实施例进一步阐述本发明的主体。其中,
图1示出了具体的充电站;
图2示出了具体的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了具有壳体2a的充电站2。充电站2通过电网接头与地方电网6或中等电压电网相连。地方电网6,尤其是0.4kV电网是三相的并且具有零线和地线。电网接头4连接在接线盒8上,接线盒中具有用于将地方电网6与充电站2连接的全部所需的电气接头。
通过接线盒8将三个相位L1,L2,L3分别引导到构造为负载保护开关的保险装置10a-c上。保险装置10a-c尤其设计用于例如16A的最大电流。保险装置10a-c布置在电网接头4和充电线接头12之间。
保险装置10a-c的输出侧具有尤其用于每个相位的故障电流保护开关14a-c。故障电流保护开关14a-c监控每个相位中的故障电流。故障电流保护开关14a-c的输出侧是充电控制电路16以及测量电路18,为了简洁而不进一步阐述。充电控制电路16或测量电路18具有通讯装置,用于与中心进行通讯,尤其也为了尤其通过无线电或有线地将下文所述的故障信号传输到中心。
测量电路18的输出侧具有识别装置20,并且识别装置20的输出侧布置有带电触点12a-e的充电线接头12,这些电触点代表性地表示充电线接头12内的电触点。
传统上这样运行充电站2,即未示出的充电线通过其插头插入充电线接头12中。接着必要时通过充电控制电路16和/或测量电路18与电动汽车进行通讯,其中,信号告知电动汽车的充电就绪。在相应的充电就绪后,通过充电控制电路16释放充电电流,充电电流以约定的大小并以约定的时间或约定的功率或类似地在电网接头4和电动汽车之间流动。
为了监控充电线是否插在充电线接头12中,识别装置20可以作为电气的识别装置运行和/或识别装置22可以作为机械的识别装置运行。
电气的识别装置20监控触点12a-e的电气状态,尤其是其上是否检测到导频信号。识别装置20也可以监控至少两个触点12a-e之间的电阻,其中,该电阻代表了例如插入充电线接头中的充电线。
识别装置22可以例如是光学开关,其监控充电线是否插入充电线接头12中。识别装置22也可以是微动开关或接近传感器,通过其可以监控充电线的插头是否插入充电线接头12中。
识别装置20,22将接触状态传输到分析电路24。接触状态可以是“连接”(例如逻辑1)或“断开”(例如逻辑0)。通过接触状态“连接”表示充电线插在充电线接头12中。通过接触状态“断开”表示没有充电线插在充电线接头12中。从“连接”到“断开”的状态转换可以在充电线从充电线接头12上拔下时进行。这种状态变化也可以传输给分析电路24。
此外,在负载保护开关10a-c以及故障电流保护开关14a-c上分别具有监控装置26,28。监控装置26,28可以是保险装置10a-c,14a-c的集成组件或在其外部。借助监控装置26,28可以监控保险装置是否关闭或打开。这种开关状态可以是例如“打开”或“关闭”。开关状态的改变也可以由监控装置26,28传输给分析装置24。
除了监控装置26,28,还可以在保险装置10a-c,14a-c中集成地或与其空间上分开地,然而与其有效连接地分别设置开关装置30,32。借助例如是马达执行机构的开关装置30,32,每个单独的保险装置10a-c,14a-c可以机械地并且电气地关闭。开关装置30,32可以由分析电路24控制并且必要时自主关闭已打开的保险装置。
充电站2具体地按照实施例如图2所述地运行。
首先,在步骤40中监控装置26,28持续地监控保险装置10a-c,14a-c的开关状态。如果保险装置关闭,则监控停留在监控循环41中。
可能发生的是,触发一个或多个保险装置10a-c,14a-c并且其开关状态从“关闭”转换为“打开”。在此情况下进入步骤42,其中,借助识别装置20,22监控充电线接头12上的接触状态。如果接触状态在保险装置打开的时刻为“断开”,则在步骤44中发出故障信号。
另一方面,如果在打开的时刻接触状态为“连接”,则进入步骤46。如果在非常长的时间段内,例如大于12或24小时,接触状态没有从“连接”变为“断开”,则同样发出故障信号44。另一方面,如果在步骤46中检测到从“连接”到“断开”的接触状态的状态变化,则进入步骤48。在此情况下则确定保险装置打开,如在步骤40中所确定的,发生在充电线已连接期间并且随后充电线被拔下。这可以足够促成自主关闭并且必要时进入步骤52。
下文所述的步骤可以分别以可选的和替代的或叠加的方式实现。此外下文所述的步骤不强制遵守所描述的顺序。各个步骤也可以在步骤40至46之间使用而不偏离本发明的主体的构思。
在步骤48中监控充电站2和/或保险装置10a-c,14a-c的温度。如果温度超过限值,则在步骤51中通过定时器等待一段时间并且接着重新在步骤48中检查温度。可能的是,从步骤48开始,如果超过限时,同样以故障信号进入步骤44。
然而如果温度降至限值以下,则从步骤48进入步骤50。
在步骤50中监控,自保险装置上一次打开之后的时间间隔是否结束。该时间间隔可以例如是10分钟,15分钟或类似。如果时间间隔还未结束,则上一次打开是刚刚在短时间之前并且可能用户希望通过损坏的线缆或损坏的电动汽车开始新的充电尝试。
如果间隔结束,则进入步骤52,其中分析电路24向开关装置30,32发送调节脉冲。开关装置30,32优选马达驱动并且与其当前开关状态无关地在收到调节脉冲时关闭所有保险装置10a-c,14a-c。
然而如果间隔还未结束,则进入步骤54,其中检查计数器,该计数器统计失败尝试的次数。如果计数器中的计数变量超过限值,则可以认为用户通过损坏的线缆或损坏的电动汽车进行了多次尝试。限值可以是例如5或10。在此情况下同样可以发出故障信号44。也可能的是,在此情况下通过计时器对例如1小时、2小时或3小时的时间中断方法的的进行。
如果计数器还未达到其限值,则在步骤56中将计数器提高一次。此外可能的是,通过可设置的计时器,根据计数变量的值控制计时器。计数变量越大,计时器使所述方法步骤56的过程延迟得越长。在可以与计数变量有关的延时结束后,可以从步骤56进入步骤52,其中,借助分析电路24和开关装置30,32促使保险装置10a-c,14a-c的自动并且自主的关闭。
在自主关闭之后紧接着重新开始此过程并且在步骤40中监控保险装置10a-c,14a-c是关闭还是其开关状态转换为打开。
借助所示的方法和所示的设备实现了以尤其简单的方式提高充电站的可用性。此外,减少了充电站的维护支出,因为充电站的错误操作不一定导致其停用。
附图标记说明
2 充电站
2a 壳体
4 电网接头
6 地方电网
8 接线盒
10a-c 保险装置/负载保护开关
12 充电线接头
14a-c 保险装置/故障电流保护开关
16 充电控制电路
18 测量电路
20,22 识别装置
24 分析电路
26,28 监控装置
30,32 开关装置
40 开关状态监控
41 监控循环
42 接触状态监控
44 故障信号
46 监控状态变化
48 温度监控
50 间隔监控
51 监控循环
52 自主关闭
54 次数监控
56 次数增加
Claims (13)
1.一种用于运行用于电动汽车的充电站的方法,其中,
监控至少一个布置在电网接头和充电线接头之间的保险装置的开关状态,并且
借助接触状态监控充电线接头上的充电线的连接和断开,
其特征在于,
在充电线连接在充电线接头上的期间借助监控的开关状态检测保险装置出现的打开,并且
对于这样检测到的打开,保险装置在检测到充电线从充电线接头断开后自主地关闭。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,
其特征在于,
通过线缆的电气连接上的导频信号监控接触状态和/或通过测量布置在线缆中的欧姆电阻监控接触状态。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,
其特征在于,
保险装置包括至少一个负载开关和/或故障电流开关。
4.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法,
其特征在于,
在之前检测到的打开时检测保险装置中或保险装置上的温度。
5.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法,
其特征在于,
在超过最大温度时阻止自主关闭和/或等待一定时间之后自主关闭和/或充电过程的充电功率在自主关闭后相对于常规充电功率降低。
6.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法,
其特征在于,
保险装置不依靠与空间上分开地布置的中心通讯而自主地在充电站中关闭。
7.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法,
其特征在于,
保险装置借助马达执行机构关闭。
8.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法,
其特征在于,
电网接头是多相的并且在检测到其中一个相位上的保险装置打开时,在检测到充电线从充电线接头上断开后自主关闭所有相位的保险装置。
9.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法,
其特征在于,
在保险装置自主关闭后监控其开关状态,并且在保险装置打开而没有检测到充电线连接在充电线接头上时向空间上分开的中心发出故障信号。
10.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法,
其特征在于,
确定从检测到充电线由充电线接头断开到保险装置自主关闭之间的时间段,尤其随着在间隔内检测到的打开的次数的增加,所述时间段不断变得更长,尤其在检测到的每次打开之后都将所述间隔延长一个时间段,尤其以之前确定的时间段延长。
11.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法,
其特征在于,
确定在间隔内检测到的打开的次数并且在超过最大次数时阻止自主关闭。
12.用于电动汽车的充电站,包括
设置用于监控至少一个布置在电网接头和充电线接头之间的保险装置的开关状态的监控装置,和
设置用于识别充电线在充电线接头上的接触状态的识别装置,
其特征在于,
分析装置设置为借助监控的所述开关状态检测在充电线连接在充电线接头上的期间出现的保险装置的打开,并且
开关装置设置用于在所述分析装置检测到保险装置打开时在检测到充电线从充电线接头上断开后自主关闭保险装置。
13.根据权利要求12所述的充电站,
其特征在于,
保险装置设置用于检测至少在充电线接头上的电气故障,并且设置用于开关电网接头和充电线接头之间的电气连接。
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DE102016106700.8A DE102016106700A1 (de) | 2016-04-12 | 2016-04-12 | Ladestation und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Ladestation |
PCT/EP2017/050242 WO2017178122A1 (de) | 2016-04-12 | 2017-01-06 | Ladestation und verfahren zum betreiben einer ladestation |
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EP (1) | EP3442822B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN109153337B (zh) |
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KR101996603B1 (ko) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-07-04 | 중앙제어 주식회사 | 전기차 충전 시 전기차 충전기의 온도를 센싱하는 장치 |
CN109910657A (zh) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-06-21 | 徐双 | 一种新能源汽车充电桩及其使用方法 |
CN110588410A (zh) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-12-20 | 苏州奇才电子科技股份有限公司 | 一种组合式充电桩及使用方法 |
CN110569997A (zh) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-13 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司苏州供电分公司 | 一种基于多维度数据体系的充电站运行维护方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA3020954C (en) | 2021-01-19 |
CA3020954A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
EP3442822B1 (de) | 2020-11-04 |
EP3442822A1 (de) | 2019-02-20 |
US11207998B2 (en) | 2021-12-28 |
DE102016106700A1 (de) | 2017-10-12 |
US20190039469A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
WO2017178122A1 (de) | 2017-10-19 |
CN109153337B (zh) | 2022-04-29 |
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