CN109143593A - A kind of vortex light preparing device based on Fourier holography principle - Google Patents
A kind of vortex light preparing device based on Fourier holography principle Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
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- -1 biological cells Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012576 optical tweezer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vortex light preparing device based on Fourier holography principle, including several fan-shaped waveguides, the fan-shaped waveguide is arranged in circle ring array around a center diverging, the waveguide is carved with holographic grating on the end surface at circle ring array center, the striated structure of the holographic grating is formed by reference light and the target interference of light, holographic grating has scattering process to along the light field of waveguide transmission, the free space that is superimposed upon of the scattering light of different waveguide reappears vortex light, adjust the phase difference between each guided wave, it can change the orbital angular momentum order for reappearing vortex light or it be superimposed weight, and it is easily integrated and extends, therefore it can be used for information coding in integrated optics, adjustable light sources etc. are provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of integrated optics, and particularly relates to a vortex light preparation device based on a Fourier holographic principle.
Background
Photon orbital angular momentum is an intrinsic property of photons, and can be used for information encoding in a high-dimensional space because the eigenstates of photon orbital angular momentum are orthogonal and theoretically have infinite dimensions. In quantum information encoding, information is generally encoded by using the polarization state, frequency, and energy of photons. In the encoding modes, quantum states are finite in dimension, photon angular momentum can provide quantum states of infinite dimension for information encoding, and encoding efficiency and capacity can be effectively provided. In addition, the photon orbital angular momentum can also be used for optical tweezers to control the position of micro particles, such as biological cells, metal micro particles, and the like. Due to the special property of photon orbital angular momentum, the method has huge potential application in information processing and micro-nano optics. In recent years, people carry out a great deal of research on the device, and efficient preparation of an orbital angular momentum optical field, storage of orbital angular momentum entanglement information, transfer of orbital angular momentum information, detection of orbital angular momentum and the like are realized. The research results have great significance for better application of orbital angular momentum to information processing.
The existing methods for preparing and detecting orbital angular momentum vortex rotation include a phase plate method, a holographic plate method, a spatial light modulator method and the like. The methods can effectively prepare and detect orbital angular momentum vortex rotation and can achieve high efficiency. However, the preparation methods are limited to be applied to free space optics and are difficult to integrate in micro-nano optics. With the development of micro-nano optics, waveguide gratings, waveguide arrays and the like appear, and the preparation and detection of integrated orbital angular momentum vortex optical rotation are realized.
The waveguide holographic grating is formed by carving holographic grating on dielectric waveguide, the stripe structure of the holographic grating is determined by the stripe formed by the interference of reference light transmitted along the waveguide and target light vertical to the waveguide, the reference light is generally guided wave with Gaussian distribution, and the target light is vortex optical rotation to be prepared. When the conjugate light of the reference light is transmitted along the waveguide, it is scattered by the grating at the holographic grating, and a vortex rotation having a similar property to the target light is formed. The feasibility of this method for preparing vortex rotation has been experimentally verified. The waveguide holographic grating is easy to integrate due to the size of micron level, and can be used as a vortex light source in a micro-nano optical device. However, the orbital angular momentum of the generated vortex rotation is limited by the structure of the waveguide holographic grating, and after the structure of the waveguide holographic grating is determined, the orbital angular momentum of the generated vortex rotation is also limited, so that the real-time adjustment of the orbital angular momentum is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a vortex light preparation device based on a Fourier holographic principle, aiming at solving the problems that the orbital angular momentum of vortex rotation generated by waveguide holographic gratings in the existing integrated optics is limited by the structure of the holographic gratings, and real-time adjustment is difficult to carry out and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a vortex light preparation device based on the Fourier holographic principle comprises a plurality of fan-shaped waveguides, wherein the fan-shaped waveguides are divergently arranged around a center to form a circular ring array, the surface of one end, close to the center of the circular ring array, of each waveguide is engraved with a holographic grating, the fringe structure of the holographic grating is formed by interference of reference light and target light, the reference light is Gaussian guided wave transmitted along the fan-shaped waveguides, the target light is transmitted perpendicular to the waveguides and is concentric with the circular ring array, the target light is superposition of vortex optical rotation with different orbital angular momentum orders and phases, the phases and the orbital angular momentum orders have the form of Fourier series, the reference light of the different fan-shaped waveguide holographic gratings has the same phase, the guided waves in the different fan-shaped waveguides have gradient phase, the guided waves jointly form the vortex reconstruction optical rotation under the scattering effect of the holographic gratings, according to the Fourier transformation principle, by changing the phase difference of the waveguides in adjacent sector waveguides, vortex rotation with different orbital angular momentum can be obtained.
Furthermore, the number of the fan-shaped waveguides is positive and odd.
Furthermore, the target light of the jth waveguide grating is formed by overlapping M vortex lights, and the orbital angular momentum orders of the M vortex optical rotations are respectively-N, - (N +1),. (N-1), and the target light expression of the jth waveguide holographic grating is as follows:
wherein the ratio of (r,) The coordinates are cylinder coordinates, a is amplitude, F (l, r) is the optical field distribution of the vortex light along the radial direction, l is the order of orbital angular momentum, N ═ M-1)/2, j ═ 0,1 … M, Δ ═ 2 pi/M.
Further, the fan-shaped waveguide of the present invention is a dielectric waveguide disposed on a silica substrate.
Further, the guided wave of the present invention has an expression:
Aj＝Ae-ijθ
where θ is a phase difference of guided waves in adjacent sector waveguides, θ ═ n Δ where Δ ═ 2 pi/M, n is a positive integer, a is ajIs the jth guided wave.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention can change the order of orbital angular momentum of the vortex rotation by adjusting the phase of the guided wave in each fan-shaped waveguide, and has real-time adjustability.
(2) The size of the sector waveguide holographic grating is in micron order, and the sector waveguide holographic grating is compatible with an integrated optical device, has good integratability and is beneficial to expansion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Fourier holographic grating structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the Fourier holographic grating preparation of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the Fourier holographic grating of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the intensity and phase distribution of the reconstructed eddy current for a Fourier holographic grating of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the result of the reconstruction light of the superimposed state produced by the Fourier holographic grating of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the sector waveguide holographic gratings form a circular ring type array, 9 sector waveguides are arranged around a central divergent type to form a circular ring, a holographic grating is engraved on one end of a waveguide close to the central region of the circular ring, a fringe structure of the holographic grating is formed by interference of reference light and target light, the reference light is a gaussian guided wave transmitted along the sector waveguides, the reference light of different sector waveguide holographic gratings has the same phase, the target light is a superposition of vortex rotation with different orbital angular momentum, and the phase and orbital angular momentum order have a fourier series form. The target light is transmitted perpendicular to the fan-shaped waveguides and is concentric with the circular ring, when the target light is reproduced, the guided waves in different fan-shaped waveguides have gradient phases, and according to the Fourier transform principle, the vortex rotation with specific orbital angular momentum can be obtained.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a preparation process of a sector waveguide holographic grating, in which a layer of medium with a thickness of 1um grows on a silica substrate, in this embodiment, Si3N4 is used, then 9 sector waveguides are etched, which are respectively numbered 1,2, …, and 9, when the holographic grating on the sector waveguide 1 is etched, the other 8 sector waveguides are covered by a light-shielding sheet, guided waves in the sector waveguide 1 interfere with target light incident perpendicularly to the waveguide to form a fringe light field with varying intensity intervals, and the holographic grating is etched on the waveguide according to the interference fringes. The same principle is used for engraving holographic gratings on other fan-shaped waveguides. In the present embodiment, the wavelengths of the excitation light and the target light of the guided wave are 670nm, and the beam waist radius of the target light is 1 um. The target light is the superposition of vortex optical rotation with different angular momentum orders and phases and is used for engraving a holographic grating on the jth fan-shaped waveguide, and the expression of the adopted target light is as follows:
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a fourier holographic grating, wherein guided waves in waveguides are excited from the left side, the guided waves and reference light used in the preparation of the holographic grating are conjugate light, the phase of the guided waves in each waveguide is controlled by an electric-light phase controller, so that the guided waves in adjacent waveguides have a specific phase difference theta, each guided wave jointly forms a reproduced vortex optical rotation under the scattering effect of the holographic grating, and the orbital angular momentum of the reproduced vortex optical rotation can be changed by changing the phase difference theta.
Fig. 4 is a field intensity and phase distribution diagram of the target light and the reconstruction light of the fourier hologram grating. When the phase difference θ of the guided wave is controlled to be 4 pi/9, the vortex rotation with the orbital angular momentum order l-2 can be obtained. Fig. 4(a) is an intensity profile (upper panel) and a phase profile (lower panel) of the reproduced vortex rotation of l-2. In the phase diagram, there is a spiral phase change of-4 π around the center, the center point is a phase singularity, and thus the intensity is zero at the center of the spot in the intensity profile. When the phase differences θ of the guided waves are controlled to be 6 pi/9, 8 pi/9, 10 pi/9 and 12 pi/9, respectively, the reproduced eddy optical rotations with the orbital angular momentum orders l-1, 0,1 and 2, respectively, can be obtained, and the results are shown in fig. 4(b), (c), (d) and (e), respectively. Wherein, the reproduced vortex rotation of l-0 is Gaussian light.
When the eddy rotation is reproduced, an additional phase is added to the guided wave phase jn deltaWhen, i.e. the jth guided wave expression is
It is possible to reproduce the vortex rotation for a particular superposition of different orbital angular momentum orders l. The formula (2) can be changed into
Andat 8 pi/9 and 10 pi/9, respectively, a superimposed state of l-0 and l-1 can be obtained, as shown in fig. 5(a) and (b) which are simulation results of the target light and the reproduced vortex rotation, respectively. When in useAndat 10 pi/9 and 12 pi/9, respectively, a superimposed state of l-1 and l-2 can be obtained, and the simulation results of the corresponding target light and the reproduced vortex rotation are shown in fig. 5(c) and (d).
Claims (5)
1. A vortex light preparation device based on Fourier holographic principle is characterized in that: the holographic waveguide grating comprises a plurality of sector waveguides, the sector waveguides are divergently arranged around a center to form a circular ring array, the surface of one end, close to the center of the circular ring array, of each waveguide is engraved with a holographic grating, the fringe structure of the holographic grating is formed by interference of reference light and target light, the reference light is Gaussian guided wave transmitted along the sector waveguides, the target light is transmitted perpendicular to the waveguides and is concentric with the circular ring array, the target light is superposition of vortex optical rotation with different orbital angular momentum orders and phases, the phases and the orbital angular momentum orders have Fourier series forms, the reference light of the holographic gratings of the different sector waveguides has the same phase, the guided waves in the different sector waveguides have phases with gradient changes, the reproduced vortex optical rotation is formed under the scattering effect of the holographic grating, and according to the Fourier transform principle, the phase difference of the waveguides in the adjacent sector waveguides is changed, the orbital angular momentum of the reproduced vortex rotation can be adjusted.
2. A fourier holography principle based vortex light generator as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the number of the fan-shaped waveguides is positive and odd.
3. A fourier holography principle based vortex light generator as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the target light of the jth waveguide grating is formed by overlapping M vortex lights, the orbital angular momentum orders of the M vortex optical rotations are respectively-N, - (N +1),. -, (N-1), and N, the target light expression of the jth waveguide holographic grating is as follows:
wherein,the coordinates are cylinder coordinates, a is amplitude, F (l, r) is the optical field distribution of the vortex light along the radial direction, l is the order of orbital angular momentum, N ═ M-1)/2, j ═ 0,1 … M, Δ ═ 2 pi/M.
4. A fourier holography principle based vortex light generator as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the fan-shaped waveguide is a dielectric waveguide arranged on a silicon dioxide substrate.
5. A fourier holography principle based vortex light generator as claimed in claim 3 wherein: the expression of the guided wave is as follows:
Aj＝Ae-ijθ
where θ is a phase difference of guided waves in adjacent sector waveguides, θ ═ n Δ where Δ ═ 2 pi/M, n is a positive integer, a is ajIs the jth guided wave.
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