CN109141800B - The ship collision experimental provision and method of controlled speed and angle - Google Patents
The ship collision experimental provision and method of controlled speed and angle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides the ship collision experimental provision of a kind of controlled speed and angle, and collision ship model is equipped with control unit and power mechanism；Collided ship mould is equipped with the pressure testing system of impact force when colliding for acquiring, the velocity-measuring system for acquiring collision model speed is equipped with for acquiring the range-measurement system of distance between collision ship model and collided ship mould, in the annular basin between collision ship model and collided ship mould；Draw bar is controllably connect with collided ship mould；The rear end of draw bar regulating mechanism and draw bar connection, for adjusting the angle of collided ship mould by the length for adjusting draw bar；Moving track is connect with draw bar regulating mechanism, for guaranteeing that draw bar and the pool wall of annular basin are mutually perpendicular to, and in collided ship mould and collision ship model collision, is recycled draw bar after draw bar is disconnected with collided ship mould.By using apparatus of the present invention and method, it is capable of influence and its mechanism of the ship collision of quantitative study friction speed, angle and quality to Ship Structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a ship collision experiment technology, and particularly relates to a speed and angle controllable ship collision experiment device and method.
Background
Since the collision of a ship is one of the most serious marine accidents, which may result in catastrophic consequences such as structural damage, cargo leakage, environmental pollution, casualties, etc., it is of great significance to improve the collision resistance design of ships both from the safety, economic and environmental protection perspectives. Meanwhile, the method can provide basis for regulating the navigational speed and the operation rules of the ship in the busy region and solving the marine disputes.
The factors causing the ship collision are complicated and complicated, and the coupling action of fluid media around the ship can influence the collision process and the collision result. Since the hull is formed by welding reinforced steel plates, the plate rupture and weld joint failure play an important role in the structural failure of the hull, and the plate rupture and weld joint failure directly influence the failure mechanism and the energy absorption capacity of the structure, and the characteristics make the research of the ship collision problem quite complicated and difficult. Therefore, the ship collision experiment research is carried out, and the establishment of the crashworthiness evaluation standard is an essential step.
Chinese patent CN104006943A discloses a pool ship collision experiment system and a collision experiment method, the main content of which is that a forward traction device is arranged at the head section of a guide rail, the forward traction device comprises an on-shore fixed frame, a traction steel wire rope and a movable frame, wherein a winch is arranged at two sides of a pool, the movable frame is connected with the winch through the steel wire rope, a traction hook is arranged at the midpoint of the movable frame, a guide frame at the front end of a ship model is clamped in the traction hook, and the ship model is accelerated forwards along with the movable frame; closing the forward traction device and opening the guide frame of the reverse traction device to be separated from the traction hook. Although the technical scheme provides an experimental device and an experimental method for controlling the speed of the ship model by controlling the moving frame to perform the ship model collision experiment, the scheme 1) is not provided with a reasonable accelerating device, and only can realize the low-speed ship model collision experiment under the traction working condition of a winch; 2) the collision ship model cannot be recovered when the speed exceeds the error, the angle of the collision ship cannot be controlled in the collision process, a protection device for causing the error due to the environmental factor of the acceleration time is lacked, and a large error may be generated in the frequent collision process.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the speed and angle controllable ship collision experiment device and method can simulate ships under different working conditions, and enables the simulated ship collision to have controllability and repeatability.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a boats and ships collision experimental apparatus of controllable speed and angle which characterized in that: the ship collision device comprises an annular ship pool, a collision ship model in the ship pool, a collided ship model and an angle traction device; wherein,
the collision ship model is provided with a control unit for controlling the ship speed according to the experimental requirements and a power mechanism for driving the collision ship model to run towards the collided ship model under the control of the control unit;
the system comprises a crashed ship model, a pressure test system, a distance measurement system, a speed measurement system and a speed measurement system, wherein the pressure test system is used for collecting impact force during collision;
the angle traction device comprises a traction rod, a movable track and a traction rod adjusting mechanism; the traction rod is controllably connected with the bumped ship model; the traction rod adjusting mechanism is connected with the rear end of the traction rod and used for adjusting the angle of the struck ship model by adjusting the length of the traction rod; the movable track is connected with the traction rod adjusting mechanism and used for ensuring that the traction rod is perpendicular to the pool wall of the annular ship pool, and the traction rod is recovered after the traction rod is disconnected with the ship colliding model when the ship colliding model collides with the ship colliding model.
According to the device, the experimental requirements are as follows: the collision ship model does circular motion in the annular ship pool, after the collision ship model is controlled to accelerate to a preset collision speed, the traction rod is disconnected with the collided ship model and is retracted to the pool wall, and the collision ship model collides to the collided ship model at a constant speed; and when the collision ship model cannot reach the preset collision speed, closing the power mechanism of the collision ship model.
According to the device, the traction rod is magnetically connected with the crashed ship model.
According to the device, the number of the traction rods is at least 2, and each traction rod corresponds to one traction rod adjusting mechanism; the traction rod adjusting mechanism comprises a hydraulic cylinder, a piston, a hydraulic pump and a motor; the traction rod is connected with the piston, the motor drives the hydraulic pump to suck oil from the oil tank to the hydraulic cylinder or return the oil from the hydraulic cylinder to the oil tank, and the piston is pushed to drive the traction rod to move forwards or move backwards; the angle of the struck ship model is adjusted by advancing or retreating at least 2 draw bars by different distances.
According to the device, the tail end of the movable rail is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder, and the movable rail is perpendicular to the traction rod.
The ship collision experiment method realized by the ship collision experiment device with controllable speed and angle is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting all parts of the experimental device in place;
s2, adjusting the crashed ship model to a preset angle and position by using an angle adjusting traction device; the preset angle is an angle predicted by the collided ship model to collide with the collided ship model and is set according to the experimental purpose;
s3, accelerating the collision ship model to a preset speed, wherein the preset speed is set according to the experiment purpose;
s4, measuring the speed by a speed measuring system arranged in front of the collided ship model by a certain distance, and keeping the collided ship model in uniform circular motion until collision is finished when the preset speed is reached; if the actual speed of the collision ship model exceeds the error range, the position of the collided ship model is moved through the moving track of the angle traction device to be separated from the motion track of the collision ship model, and the power mechanism of the collision ship model is closed to enable the collision ship model to do deceleration circular motion so as to avoid collision;
s5, ranging through a ranging system arranged in front of the ship model to be collided for a certain distance, when the distance between the ship model to be collided and the ship model to be collided reaches a preset distance, separating the traction rod from the ship model to be collided, moving the track to withdraw the traction rod, and starting the pressure testing system;
and S6, the collision ship model collides with the collided ship model at a certain speed, and the pressure test system collects the collision force in real time.
According to the method, the method further comprises S7, collision parameters under the experimental condition are calculated according to the collision force collected by the pressure test system and the speed information of the current collision ship model and the current collided ship model, and the impact on the collided ship model is evaluated.
According to the method, the pressure test system comprises a transient pressure test system and a steady state pressure test system which are respectively used for measuring the pressure at the moment of collision and under the steady state;
the S7 specifically includes: ship collisions are considered as completely inelastic collisions, i.e. loss of kinetic energy and structural losses due to deformation; setting n ∈ l of experimentnDegree of deformation S of the surface of the ship model after collision1nDegree of deformation S of the surface of the ship model after collision2nSpeed V of ship before and after collision of collision ship model1n、V2nSpeed R after being hit by ship modelnInfluence of water in collision with an attached water mass dmIndicates that the speed is U;
where n denotes the n-th collision experiment, lnType of n-th experiment, WnRepresents the change in kinetic energy of the n-th experiment, m1n、m2nRepresenting the mass of the collision ship model and the collided ship model of the nth experiment;
kinetic energy index V1n、V2n、RnCode for the impact of all of the collisions on the kinetic energy change; each ship model participating in collision bears two corresponding kinetic energy indexes;
starting on-site test according to the selected specific experiment n and the kinetic energy index, and measuring the ship speed V before and after the collision of the collision ship model1n、V2nSpeed R after being hit by ship modeln(ii) a The pressure testing system measures the pressure F at the moment of collision and in a steady state, draws an F-t curve, and uses the law of momentum conservation after collision:
m1n*V1nsinT1＝m1n*V2nsinT2+m2n*RnsinT3+dmU
in the formula, T1、T2Respectively the included angles T between the front and rear collision ship models and the motion direction in the nth collision test3Is the included angle between the bumped ship model and the motion direction after the nth bump test;
further, the kinetic energy loss W in the collision process is obtained by the law of conservation of energyn：
Wn＝m1n*V1n 2-m1n*V2n 2-m2n*Rn 2-dmU2
Loss of kinetic energy WnPart of the deformation energy is converted into the deformation energy of the structure and borne by the loss of the structure, and part of the deformation energy is converted into the deformation energy of the structure and borne by the surface of the ship model;
processing each parameter of a specific experiment n and data collected in field test to obtain an evaluation result: surface loss Plasticdeformation of ship modelnComprises the following steps:
Plasticdeformationn＝∑I*ln(1+∑Sin)，i＝1，2
wherein, I is the physical quantity of the accumulated effect of the impact force acting on the ship model for a period of time, and the deformation degree S of the surface of the ship model after collision1nDegree of deformation S of the surface of the ship model after collision2n(ii) a The surface loss of the ship model comprises the surface loss of the collided ship model and the surface loss of the collided ship model;
collision degree Collision of Ship in experiment nnComprises the following steps:
surface loss Plasticdeformation of ship building modelnWhen the preset threshold A is reached, the Collision degree of the ship is CollisionnIf the mean value is within the interval [ β + theta ]]The influence degree on the crashed ship model in the nth experiment is considered to be small, if the average value is in the interval [ β + theta ],]the influence degree on the bumped ship model is considered to be larger in the nth experiment; whereas the mean value is greater thanThe influence degree on the bumped ship model in the nth experiment is considered to be overlarge; wherein theta,Is two pre-specified surface losses of the ship modelnThe associated interval width variable.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the device and the method, the influence of ship collision with different speeds, angles and masses on the ship structure and the mechanism thereof can be quantitatively researched.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a drawbar adjusting mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: the method comprises the following steps of 1-ship pool, 2-traction rod, 3-ship collision model, 4-pool side fixing frame, 5-ship collision model, 6-speed measurement system, 7-multichannel data acquisition system, 8-distance measurement system, 9-synchronous trigger point, 10-power mechanism, 11-electromagnetic directional valve, 12-hydraulic cylinder, 13-throttle valve, 14-overflow valve, 15-hydraulic pump, 16-motor and 17-filter.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples and figures.
The invention provides a speed and angle controllable ship collision experiment device, which comprises an annular ship pool 1, a collision ship model 5 in the ship pool 1, a collided ship model 3 and an angle traction device, wherein the annular ship pool is a circular ship pool; wherein, the collision ship model 5 is provided with a control unit for controlling the ship speed according to the experimental requirements and a power mechanism 10 for driving the collision ship model 5 to run towards the collided ship model 3 under the control of the control unit.
The system is characterized in that a pressure test system for collecting impact force during collision is arranged on the collided ship model 3, a distance measurement system 8 (such as an ultrasonic distance measurement system) for collecting the distance between the collided ship model 5 and the collided ship model 3 is arranged, a speed measurement system 6 (such as an infrared light speed measurement system) for collecting the speed of the collided ship model is arranged in the annular ship pool 1 between the collided ship model 5 and the collided ship model 3, and collected data are collected through a multi-channel data collection system 7 and are sent to the shore. The pressure test system comprises a transient pressure test system and a steady state pressure test system which are respectively used for measuring the pressures at the moment of collision and in a steady state.
The angle traction device comprises a traction rod 2, a movable track and a traction rod adjusting mechanism; the traction rod 2 is controllably connected with a crashed ship model 3, such as magnetic connection, electromagnetic valve connection and the like; the traction rod adjusting mechanism is connected with the rear end of the traction rod 2 and is used for adjusting the angle of the crashed ship model 3 by adjusting the length of the traction rod 2; the movable track is connected with the traction rod adjusting mechanism and used for ensuring that the traction rod 2 is perpendicular to the tank wall of the annular ship tank 1, when the ship-collided module 3 collides with the collision ship module 5, the traction rod 2 is recovered after the traction rod 2 is disconnected from the ship-collided module 3, and the movable track is connected with the tank side fixing frame 4.
The experimental requirements are as follows: the collision ship model 5 makes circular motion in the annular ship pool 1, after the collision ship model 5 is controlled to accelerate to a preset collision speed, the traction rod 2 is disconnected with the ship model 3 to be collided and is retracted to the pool wall, and the collision ship model 5 collides to the ship model 3 to be collided at a constant speed; and when the collision ship model 5 cannot reach the preset collision speed, closing the power mechanism of the collision ship model 5.
The number of the traction rods 2 is at least 2, and each traction rod corresponds to one traction rod adjusting mechanism. As shown in fig. 2, the drawbar adjusting mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder 12, a piston, a hydraulic pump 15 and an electric motor 16; the traction rod 2 is connected with a piston, the motor 16 drives the hydraulic pump 15 to suck oil from an oil tank to the hydraulic cylinder 12 or return the oil from the hydraulic cylinder 12 to the oil tank, and the piston is pushed to drive the traction rod 2 to move forwards or move backwards; the angle of the crashed ship model 3 is adjusted by advancing or retreating at least 2 tow rods 2 by different distances. The oil circuit is provided with an electromagnetic directional valve 11, a throttle valve 13, an overflow valve 14 and a filter 17 for assisting the hydraulic pump 15 to complete the above actions.
In the embodiment, the collision ship model 5 carrying the engine comprises a power execution unit and a core control unit which is a DSP controller, and a peripheral interface circuit and a control circuit are built by taking the power execution unit as a core to operate a remote control navigation module; processing and fusing various sensors at the ship end; the accurate actions of a speed steering engine and a direction steering engine are directly controlled; and the communication functions of ship end and shore end navigation information interaction and command receiving are realized by applying various wireless communication link modes.
The power mechanism 10: the steering engine is connected with the propeller, the speed rudder water jet cutter and the engine through a connecting rod to form a power mechanism. According to the remote control acceleration and deceleration command of the shore end, after the analysis and operation of a ship end core controller, commands for a speed steering engine and a direction steering engine are sent out, and the speed steering engine is driven to pull two steering engine connecting rods to accurately respond. The direction steering engine is controlled at a certain angle, so that the collision ship model 5 does circular motion.
When the collision ship model 5 cannot reach the preset collision speed of the shore-based command due to other reasons, the collided ship model 3 is separated from the original position under the action of the draw bar 2, and collision is avoided. And closing the collision ship model power mechanism 10, and continuing to perform deceleration motion on the collision ship model 5 around the ship pool 1.
The tail end of the moving track is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder 12, and the moving track is perpendicular to the traction rod 2.
In this embodiment, the fixed frame at the pool side is provided with a moving track loaded with two pistons, one end of each of the two traction rods A, B is respectively connected with the bow and the stern of the ship model of the ship to be bumped through a magnetic field, and the distance between the port and the pool wall is called as the net length of each traction rod. The other ends are respectively connected with the pistons, and the traction rods A, B are always vertical to the pool wall through the moving track. The motor drives the hydraulic pump to suck oil from the oil tank, and the hydraulic pump converts the mechanical energy of the motor into pressure energy of liquid. The hydraulic medium enters the left cavity of the hydraulic cylinder through the throttle valve and the reversing valve through a pipeline, the piston is pushed to drive the traction rod A, B to move forwards, and the hydraulic medium discharged from the right cavity of the hydraulic cylinder flows back to the oil tank through the reversing valve. After the reversing valve reverses, the hydraulic medium enters the right cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, so that the piston moves backwards, and the traction rod A, B is pushed to move reversely. Changing the opening of the throttle valve adjusts the speed of movement of the hydraulic cylinder. The net length of the tow bar A, B is adjusted by the movement of the piston, thereby changing the angle of the ship model 3. When the ship collision model 5 is 200mm away from the ship to be collided model 3, the synchronous trigger system is triggered, the traction rod A, B is powered off, and the motor instantly generates a large amount of mechanical energy to recover the traction rod 2 through the piston to be separated from the ship to be collided model 3.
The mass of the collided ship model 3 and the collided ship model 5 changes the whole mass of the experimental ship by a method of adding a weight for ballasting, namely arranging the weight in the ship, and simultaneously avoids influencing the motion process by balanced and stable distribution of the ballast weight.
The ship collision experiment method implemented by using the speed and angle controllable ship collision experiment device, as shown in fig. 3, comprises the following steps:
and S1, installing all parts of the experimental device in place. Specifically, before the collision experiment device is started, the mass of the ship is required to be changed continuously according to the requirements in the experiment, so the mass and the distribution of the external load are changed correspondingly, and the external load arrangement for the experiment is required to be changed continuously. The transient pressure test system, the steady state pressure test system and the distance measurement system 8 are arranged on the ship model 3 of the crashed ship, and the speed measurement system 6 is arranged in front of the ship model 3 of the crashed ship. According to different requirements of the experiment on the ship speed, the required reaction time of the collision avoidance measures is different, and the speed measurement system 6 is adjusted to judge the distance.
S2, adjusting the bumped ship model 3 to a preset angle and position by adjusting the clear length and the distance of the traction rod 2 and adjusting an angle traction device; the predetermined angle is an angle at which the collided ship model 3 is expected to collide with the colliding ship model 5, and is set according to the experimental purpose.
S3, accelerating the colliding ship model 5 to a predetermined speed, which is set according to the purpose of the experiment. When the collision experiment device is started, a command of remote control acceleration and deceleration at the shore end is analyzed and calculated by a core controller at the ship end, so that a command of a speed steering engine is sent, the speed steering engine is driven to pull a connecting rod to accurately respond, and a collision ship model is accelerated to a preset speed. And then, the collision ship model keeps constant-speed circular motion until collision is completed.
S4, measuring the speed by a speed measuring system arranged in front of the crashed ship model 3 for a certain distance, and when the preset speed is reached, keeping the crashed ship model 5 in uniform circular motion until the crashing is finished; if the actual speed of the collision ship model 5 exceeds the error range, the position of the collided ship model 3 is moved through the moving track of the angle traction device to be separated from the moving track of the collision ship model 5, and the power mechanism of the collision ship model 5 is closed, so that the collision ship model 5 performs speed reduction circular motion to avoid collision.
S5, ranging through a ranging system arranged in front of the collided ship model 3 for a certain distance, when the distance between the collided ship model 3 and the collision ship model 5 reaches a preset distance (for example, 200mm), triggering the synchronous triggering system, separating the traction rod 2 from the collided ship model 3, withdrawing the traction rod 2 through the moving track, and starting the pressure testing system and various sensors to avoid damaging experimental equipment due to frequent collision.
S6, the collision ship model 5 and the ship model 3 finish collision at a certain speed, and the pressure test system collects the collision force in real time.
The method also comprises S7, calculating the collision parameters under the experimental condition according to the collision force collected by the pressure test system and the speed information of the collision ship model 5 and the collided ship model 3 at the time, and evaluating the collision influence of the collided ship model.
S7 specifically includes: ship collisions are considered as completely inelastic collisions, i.e. loss of kinetic energy and structural losses due to deformation; setting n ∈ l of experimentnDegree of deformation S of the surface of the ship model after collision1nDegree of deformation S of the surface of the ship model after collision2nSpeed V of ship before and after collision of collision ship model1n、V2nSpeed R after being hit by ship modelnThe influence of water in the collision being oneMass of attached water dmIndicates that the speed is U;
where n denotes the n-th collision experiment, lnType of n-th experiment, WnRepresents the change in kinetic energy of the n-th experiment, m1n、m2nRepresenting the mass of the collision ship model and the collided ship model of the nth experiment;
kinetic energy index V1n、V2n、RnCode for the impact of all of the collisions on the kinetic energy change; each ship model participating in collision bears two corresponding kinetic energy indexes;
starting on-site test according to the selected specific experiment n and the kinetic energy index, and measuring the ship speed V before and after the collision of the colliding ship 51n、V2nSpeed R after being hit by ship modeln(ii) a The pressure testing system measures the pressure F at the moment of collision and in a steady state, draws an F-t curve, and uses the law of momentum conservation after collision:
m1n*V1nsinT1＝m1n*V2nsinT2+m2n*RnsinT3+dmU
in the formula, T1、T2Respectively the included angles T between the front and rear collision ship models and the motion direction in the nth collision test3Is the included angle between the bumped ship model and the motion direction after the nth bump test;
further, the kinetic energy loss W in the collision process is obtained by the law of conservation of energyn：
Wn＝m1n*V1n 2-m1n*V2n 2-m2n*Rn 2-dmU2
Loss of kinetic energy WnPart of the deformation energy is converted into the deformation energy of the structure and borne by the loss of the structure, and part of the deformation energy is converted into the deformation energy of the structure and borne by the surface of the ship model;
processing each parameter of a specific experiment n and data collected in field test to obtain evaluationAnd (4) estimating the result: surface loss Plasticdeformation of ship model (including crashed ship model and crashing ship model)nComprises the following steps:
Plasticdeformationn＝∑I*ln(1+∑Sin)，i＝1，2
wherein, I is the physical quantity of the accumulated effect of the impact force acting on the ship model for a period of time, and the deformation degree S of the surface of the ship model after collision1nDegree of deformation S of the surface of the ship model after collision2n。
Collision degree Collision of Ship in experiment nnComprises the following steps:
surface loss Plasticdeformation of ship building modelnWhen the preset threshold A is reached, the Collision degree of the ship is CollisionnIf the mean value is within the interval [ β + theta ]]The influence degree on the crashed ship model in the nth experiment is considered to be small, if the average value is in the interval [ β + theta ],the influence degree on the bumped ship model is considered to be large in the nth experiment; whereas the mean value is greater thanThe influence degree on the bumped ship model in the nth experiment is considered to be overlarge; wherein theta,Is two pre-specified surface losses of the ship modelnThe associated interval width variable.
In order to comprehensively ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the experimental device, a collision ship model is recorded as ship a, a collided ship model is recorded as ship b, the ship a receives an instruction sent by a shore-based control unit in real time, and the instruction of an infrared photoelectric speed measurement system is used as a priority.
Calculating the distance S between the ship model m and the ship model b in the ultrasonic ranging systemabAnd the infrared photoelectric speed measurement system determines the distance Ba(ii) a If Sab＜BaThe ship a sends a trigger signal to the angle traction device, the angle traction device receives the trigger communication signal to wait for receiving an instruction, and the real-time shore base sends a V of the ship a, the shore base and the angle traction deviceaAnd aaA value;
the infrared photoelectric speed measuring system comprises a transmitting end and a receiving end of a photoelectric switch, and two light curtains can be formed after the infrared photoelectric speed measuring instrument is started. When the ship bow of the collision ship model used for the experiment passes through the light curtain, the receiving end of the photoelectric switch can send out a low level signal, when the ship bow of the experiment does not pass through the light curtain, the receiving end of the photoelectric switch can send out a high level signal, namely, 2 pulse signals from high level to low level can be generated after the ship bow of the experiment passes through the two light curtains,
the counter can record the number m of clock cycles between the two pulses, and the timing time can be obtained according to the timing principle T-m-T-m/f, and the formula V is usedaThe average speed of the moving object over S can be found as S/T, where f is the number of times the periodic transformation is completed in one second and T is the time of one period.
The ultrasonic ranging system comprises an ultrasonic transmitting circuit and an ultrasonic sensor, and the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in air (15 ℃) is known and is 340 m/s. The distance between the ship model to be collided and the ship model to be collided is calculated by measuring the time difference between the ultrasonic wave transmission and the time when the ultrasonic wave is reflected back to be received when encountering an obstacle,
calculating the distance S between the ship model m and the ship model b in the ultrasonic ranging systemabAnd the infrared photoelectric speed measurement system determines the distance Ba(ii) a If Sab＜BaThree traction devices of ship a, shore base and angleThe information interaction feedback is realized, the ship a sends a trigger signal to the angle traction device, the angle traction device receives the trigger communication signal to wait for receiving an instruction, and the real-time shore base sends the own VaAnd aaA value;
wherein S isabIs the distance between the collision ship model m and the collided ship model B, BaDetermining the distance for an infrared photoelectric speed measurement system, Ba＝[ln(1+aa)+0.15]Va+Va 2÷115*ln(1+Va)+Va*tInverse direction+τ；tInverse directionThe time required for the feedback of the experimental equipment is negligible when the ship is slow; τ is a buffer margin (a preset fixed value), VaSpeed of ship for collision with ship model a
If the infrared photoelectric speed measuring system judges that the distance reaches a preset threshold value BaWhen the speed of the collision ship model is in the interval B- Д, B + Д]It is determined that the impact degree of environmental factors such as water flow velocity, wind speed, temperature, etc. on the collision is small in this experiment, and if the mean value is in the interval B + Д,]or a combination of [ B- Д,]in the experiment, the impact degree of environmental factors such as water flow velocity, wind speed and temperature on the collision is considered to be large, and the experiment needs to be repeated; whereas the mean value is greater thanConsidering that the impact degree of the environment on the collision is too large in the experiment, in order to ensure the safety and the accuracy of the experiment, the position of the collided ship model is moved by the moving track of the angle traction device to be separated from the motion track of the collided ship model, the power device of the collided ship model is closed to do deceleration circular motion to avoid the collision, the experiment is carried out again after the experiment parameters are adjusted, wherein Д,are two pre-specified interval width variables related to the speed of the ship.
When the collision ship model reaches the preset collision speed and maintains uniform motion, when the distance between the collision ship model and the collision ship model is 200mm, the synchronous trigger system is triggered, the high-speed camera and various sensors are started, the traction rod A, B is powered off and is separated from the collided ship model, and the experimental equipment is prevented from being damaged due to frequent collision.
The ship finishes collision at a certain speed value, the transient and steady-state impact force acquisition system acquires the impact force of each sensor in real time, the energy absorption structure and the quality of the experimental ship model are replaced, the collision speed and the collision angle of the ship model are changed, and the experimental research on the ship model collision is finished.
The principle of the transient and steady impact force acquisition system in this experiment:
after the force sensor is installed on a bumped ship model, an outgoing line of the force sensor is connected to a transmitter, power is supplied to the transmitter, a GND (ground) terminal is connected to a 24V power supply, the transmitter is connected with an acquisition card, after measurement is started, an elastic body generates elastic deformation under the action of collision of the bumped ship model, so that a resistance strain gauge adhered to the surface of the elastic body generates deformation along with the elastic deformation, the resistance value of the resistance strain gauge changes after the resistance strain gauge deforms, and the resistance change is converted into an electric signal through a corresponding measurement circuit, so that the process of converting an external force into the electric signal is completed. Therefore, the impact force situation at each moment can be intuitively displayed.
To achieve another objective of the experiment: ship collisions are considered as completely inelastic collisions, i.e. loss of kinetic energy and structural losses due to deformation; it comprises the following steps: setting n ∈ l of experimentnDegree of deformation S of the surface of the colliding vessel after collision1nDegree of deformation S of the surface of the model of the ship after collision2nSpeed V of collision ship before and after collision1n、V2nSpeed R after being hit by ship modelnInfluence of water in collision with an attached water mass dmThe speed is indicated as U.
Where n denotes the n-th collision experiment, lnType of n-th experiment, WnDenotes the n-thKinetic energy variation of the sub-experiment, m1n，m2nThe sample mass of the n-th experiment is shown.
Kinetic energy index V1n，V2n，RnCode for the impact of all of the collisions on the kinetic energy change; each ship model participating in collision bears two corresponding kinetic energy indexes.
Starting on-site test according to the selected specific experiment n and the kinetic energy index, and measuring the ship speed V before and after collision of the colliding ship by using the infrared photoelectric speed measuring system1n，V2nSpeed R after being hit by ship modeln(ii) a The pressure test system measures the pressure F at the moment of impact and in the steady state (F-t is drawn, curve, and replaced by Σ I ═ ft approximately), and the two are determined by the law of conservation of momentum after impact:
m1n*V1nsinT1＝m1n*V2nsinT2+m2n*RnsinT3+dmU
and then the kinetic energy loss in the collision process is obtained by the energy conservation theorem:
Wn＝m1n*V1n 2-m1n*V2n 2-m2n*Rn 2-dmU2
loss of kinetic energy WnThe deformation energy partly converted into the structure is borne by the loss of the structure and partly converted into the deformation energy of the structure is borne by the surface of the ship model. Processing each parameter of a specific experiment n and data collected in field test to obtain an evaluation result: surface loss Plasticdeformation of ship modelnComprises the following steps:
Plasticdeformationn＝∑I*ln(1+∑Sin)
collision degree Collision of Ship in experiment nnComprises the following steps:
surface loss Plasticdeformation of ship building modelnWhen the preset threshold A is reached, the Collision degree of the ship is CollisionnIf the mean value is within the interval [ β + theta ]]The influence degree on the crashed ship model in the nth experiment is considered to be small, if the average value is in the interval [ β + theta ],the influence degree on the bumped ship model is considered to be large in the nth experiment; whereas the mean value is greater thanThe influence degree on the bumped ship model in the nth experiment is considered to be overlarge; wherein the amount of the theta is equal to or greater than,is two pre-specified surface loss Plastic deformation with the ship modelnThe associated interval width variable.
The invention has simple structure, and the annular ship pool 1 ensures that the collision ship model 5 has enough speed change distance. The separation of the angle traction device and the collided ship model 3 before collision can provide a ship collision experimental device and an experimental method under different speeds and angles, can simulate ships under different working conditions, and enables the simulated ship collision to have controllability and repeatability.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the design idea and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the present invention is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Therefore, all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the principles and concepts disclosed herein are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a boats and ships collision experimental apparatus of controllable speed and angle which characterized in that: the ship collision device comprises an annular ship pool, a collision ship model in the ship pool, a collided ship model and an angle traction device; wherein,
the collision ship model is provided with a control unit for controlling the ship speed according to the experimental requirements and a power mechanism for driving the collision ship model to run towards the collided ship model under the control of the control unit;
the system comprises a crashed ship model, a pressure test system, a distance measurement system, a speed measurement system and a speed measurement system, wherein the pressure test system is used for collecting impact force during collision;
the angle traction device comprises a traction rod, a movable track and a traction rod adjusting mechanism; the traction rod is controllably connected with the bumped ship model; the traction rod adjusting mechanism is connected with the rear end of the traction rod and used for adjusting the angle of the struck ship model by adjusting the length of the traction rod; the movable track is connected with the traction rod adjusting mechanism and used for ensuring that the traction rod is perpendicular to the pool wall of the annular ship pool, and when the collided ship model collides with the collision ship model, the traction rod is recovered after the traction rod is disconnected with the collided ship model;
the number of the traction rods is at least 2, and each traction rod corresponds to one traction rod adjusting mechanism; the traction rod adjusting mechanism comprises a hydraulic cylinder, a piston, a hydraulic pump and a motor; the traction rod is connected with the piston, the motor drives the hydraulic pump to suck oil from the oil tank to the hydraulic cylinder or return the oil from the hydraulic cylinder to the oil tank, and the piston is pushed to drive the traction rod to move forwards or move backwards; the angle of the struck ship model is adjusted by advancing or retreating at least 2 draw bars by different distances.
2. The speed and angle controllable ship collision experiment device according to claim 1, wherein: the experimental requirements are as follows: the collision ship model does circular motion in the annular ship pool, after the collision ship model is controlled to accelerate to a preset collision speed, the traction rod is disconnected with the collided ship model and is retracted to the pool wall, and the collision ship model collides to the collided ship model at a constant speed; and when the collision ship model cannot reach the preset collision speed, closing the power mechanism of the collision ship model.
3. The speed and angle controllable ship collision experiment device according to claim 1, wherein: the traction rod is magnetically connected with the crashed ship model.
4. The speed and angle controllable ship collision experiment device according to claim 1, wherein: the tail end of the movable track is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder, and the movable track is perpendicular to the traction rod.
5. The ship collision experiment method realized by the speed and angle controllable ship collision experiment device of claim 1, is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting all parts of the experimental device in place;
s2, adjusting the crashed ship model to a preset angle and position by using an angle adjusting traction device; the preset angle is an angle predicted by the collided ship model to collide with the collided ship model and is set according to the experimental purpose;
s3, accelerating the collision ship model to a preset speed, wherein the preset speed is set according to the experiment purpose;
s4, measuring the speed by a speed measuring system arranged in front of the collided ship model by a certain distance, and keeping the collided ship model in uniform circular motion until collision is finished when the preset speed is reached; if the actual speed of the collision ship model exceeds the error range, the position of the collided ship model is moved through the moving track of the angle traction device to be separated from the motion track of the collision ship model, and the power mechanism of the collision ship model is closed to enable the collision ship model to do deceleration circular motion so as to avoid collision;
s5, ranging through a ranging system arranged in front of the ship model to be collided for a certain distance, when the distance between the ship model to be collided and the ship model to be collided reaches a preset distance, separating the traction rod from the ship model to be collided, moving the track to withdraw the traction rod, and starting the pressure testing system;
and S6, the collision ship model collides with the collided ship model at a certain speed, and the pressure test system collects the collision force in real time.
6. The ship collision experiment method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the method also comprises S7, according to the impact force collected by the pressure test system and the speed information of the impacting ship model and the impacted ship model at the time, the impact parameters under the experimental condition are calculated, and the impact influence on the impacted ship model is evaluated.
7. The ship collision experiment method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the pressure test system comprises a transient pressure test system and a steady state pressure test system which are respectively used for measuring the pressure at the moment of collision and in a steady state;
the S7 specifically includes: ship collisions are considered as completely inelastic collisions, i.e. loss of kinetic energy and structural losses due to deformation; setting n ∈ l of experimentnDegree of deformation S of the surface of the ship model after collision1nDegree of deformation S of the surface of the ship model after collision2nSpeed V of ship before and after collision of collision ship model1n、V2nSpeed R after being hit by ship modelnInfluence of water in collision with an attached water mass dmIndicates that the speed is U;
where n denotes the n-th collision experiment, lnType of n-th experiment, WnRepresents the change in kinetic energy of the n-th experiment, m1n、m2nRepresenting the mass of the collision ship model and the collided ship model of the nth experiment;
kinetic energy index V1n、V2n、RnCode for the impact of all of the collisions on the kinetic energy change; each ship model participating in collision bears two corresponding kinetic energy indexes;
starting on-site test according to the selected specific experiment n and the kinetic energy index, and measuring the ship speed V before and after the collision of the collision ship model1n、V2nSpeed R after being hit by ship modeln(ii) a The pressure testing system measures the pressure F at the moment of collision and in a steady state, draws an F-t curve, and uses the law of momentum conservation after collision:
m1n*V1n sinT1＝m1n*V2nsinT2+m2n*Rn sinT3+dmU
in the formula, T1、T2Respectively the included angles T between the front and rear collision ship models and the motion direction in the nth collision test3Is the included angle between the bumped ship model and the motion direction after the nth bump test;
further, the kinetic energy loss W in the collision process is obtained by the law of conservation of energyn：
Wn＝m1n*V1n 2-m1n*V2n 2-m2n*Rn 2-dmU2
Loss of kinetic energy WnPart of the deformation energy is converted into the deformation energy of the structure and borne by the loss of the structure, and part of the deformation energy is converted into the deformation energy of the structure and borne by the surface of the ship model;
processing each parameter of a specific experiment n and data collected in field test to obtain an evaluation result: surface loss Plasticdeformation of ship modelnComprises the following steps:
Plasticdeformationn＝∑I*ln(1+∑Sin),i＝1,2
wherein, I is the physical quantity of the accumulated effect of the impact force acting on the ship model for a period of time, and the deformation degree S of the surface of the ship model after collision1nDegree of deformation S of the surface of the ship model after collision2n(ii) a The surface loss of the ship model comprises the surface loss of the collided ship model and the surface loss of the collided ship model;
collision degree Collision of Ship in experiment nnComprises the following steps:
surface loss Plasticdeformation of ship building modelnWhen the preset threshold A is reached, the Collision degree of the ship is CollisionnIf the mean value is within the interval [ β + theta ]]The influence degree on the bumped ship model in the nth experiment is considered to be small; if the mean value is in the interval The influence degree on the bumped ship model is considered to be large in the nth experiment; whereas the mean value is greater thanThen consider the nthIn the secondary experiment, the influence degree on the crashed ship model is overlarge; wherein theta,Is two pre-specified surface losses of the ship modelnThe associated interval width variable.
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