CN109141800A - The ship collision experimental provision and method of controlled speed and angle - Google Patents
The ship collision experimental provision and method of controlled speed and angle Download PDFInfo
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- CN109141800A CN109141800A CN201811154247.3A CN201811154247A CN109141800A CN 109141800 A CN109141800 A CN 109141800A CN 201811154247 A CN201811154247 A CN 201811154247A CN 109141800 A CN109141800 A CN 109141800A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/08—Shock-testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
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Abstract
The present invention provides the ship collision experimental provision of a kind of controlled speed and angle, and collision ship model is equipped with control unit and power mechanism；Collided ship mould is equipped with the pressure testing system of impact force when colliding for acquiring, the velocity-measuring system for acquiring collision model speed is equipped with for acquiring the range-measurement system of distance between collision ship model and collided ship mould, in the annular basin between collision ship model and collided ship mould；Draw bar is controllably connect with collided ship mould；The rear end of draw bar regulating mechanism and draw bar connection, for adjusting the angle of collided ship mould by the length for adjusting draw bar；Moving track is connect with draw bar regulating mechanism, for guaranteeing that draw bar and the pool wall of annular basin are mutually perpendicular to, and in collided ship mould and collision ship model collision, is recycled draw bar after draw bar is disconnected with collided ship mould.By using apparatus of the present invention and method, it is capable of influence and its mechanism of the ship collision of quantitative study friction speed, angle and quality to Ship Structure.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ship collision experimental techniques, and in particular to a kind of ship collision experiment dress of controlled speed and angle
It sets and method.
Background technique
Ship collision is one of marine accident of most serious, may cause structural failure, cargo leakage, environmental pollution, people
The catastrophic consequence of member's injures and deaths etc., so, either from safety, economically, or from the point of view of environmental protection, improve ship
Impact resistant design all has great importance.Simultaneously can also for the speed of a ship or plane of ship, operating instruction in regulation shipping heavy duty zone with
And it solves admiralty dispute and foundation is provided.
Ship collision is the process of a dynamic change, and different from land structural collision, uncertainty is that it is sent out
The typical feature of exhibition causes the factor of ship collision intricate, and the coupling of ship surrounding fluid medium will affect collision
Process and result.Since hull is welded by reinforcement steel plate, the rupture of plate and welding seam failure fail in Ship Structure
In also play an important role, they will directly influence the failure mechanism and energy absorption capability of structure, these features make ship
The research of oceangoing ship collision problem becomes considerably complicated and difficult.Ship collision experimental study is thus carried out, crash-worthiness evaluation mark is established
Standard is necessary step.
Chinese patent CN104006943A discloses " pond ship collision experiment system and collision experiment method ", main
Content is that guide rail first section is provided with positive traction device, and fixed frame on the bank, the traction of hoist engine are equipped with including the setting of pond both sides
Wirerope and movable stand, movable stand are linked together by wirerope and hoist engine, and draw hook is arranged in movable stand midpoint, ship
Mould front end leading truck is stuck in draw hook, and ship model is accelerated forwardly with movable stand；It closes positive traction device and opens reversed
Traction device leading truck is separated with draw hook.Although the technical solution provides one kind and controls ship model speed by control movable stand
Degree, the experimental provision and experimental method of progress ship model collision experiment, but the program 1) it is not provided with reasonable accelerator,
Low powered mould collision experiment is only able to achieve under hoist engine traction working condition；2) recycling ship model can not be collided when speed is more than error,
The angle of colliding vessel can not be controlled during collision, lack because the acceleration time environmental factor caused by error when
Protective device may generate large error in continually collision process.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is providing ship collision experimental provision and the side of a kind of controlled speed and angle
Method can simulate the ship under different operating conditions, and the ship collision simulated is made to have controllability and repeatability.
The technical solution taken by the invention to solve the above technical problem are as follows: the ship of a kind of controlled speed and angle touches
Hit experimental provision, it is characterised in that: it includes annular basin, the collision ship model in basin, collided ship mould and traction angle dress
It sets；Wherein,
Ship model is collided to be equipped with for the control unit according to requirement of experiment control ship's speed, and for by control unit control
The power mechanism that system driving collision ship model is sailed to collided ship line；
Collided ship mould be equipped with for acquire collision when impact force pressure testing system, for acquire collision ship model and
The range-measurement system of distance between collided ship mould is equipped in colliding the annular basin between ship model and collided ship mould and touches for acquiring
Hit the velocity-measuring system of model speed；
Traction angle device includes draw bar, moving track and draw bar regulating mechanism；Draw bar and collided ship mould are controllable
Connection；The rear end of draw bar regulating mechanism and draw bar connection, for adjusting collided ship mould by the length for adjusting draw bar
Angle；Moving track is connect with draw bar regulating mechanism, for guaranteeing that draw bar and the pool wall of annular basin are mutually perpendicular to, and
In collided ship mould and collision ship model collision, draw bar is recycled after draw bar is disconnected with collided ship mould.
By above-mentioned apparatus, the requirement of experiment are as follows: collision ship model moves in a circle in annular basin, controls colliding vessel
After mould accelerates to preset impact velocity, draw bar and collided ship mould are disconnected and are retracted to pool wall, and collision ship model is at the uniform velocity
Hit collided ship mould；When collision ship model is unable to reach preset impact velocity, the power mechanism of collision ship model is closed.
By above-mentioned apparatus, the draw bar is connect with collided ship mould magnetism.
By above-mentioned apparatus, the draw bar is at least two, draw bar regulating mechanism described in each correspondence one；Institute
The draw bar regulating mechanism stated includes hydraulic cylinder, piston, hydraulic pump and motor；The draw bar is connect with piston, electronic
Machine drives hydraulic pump to return to fuel tank from fuel tank oil suction to hydraulic cylinder or from hydraulic cylinder, push the Forward of piston driving draw bar or after
It moves back；Different distances is moved forward or retreated by least two draw bar, so as to adjust the angle of collided ship mould.
By above-mentioned apparatus, the moving track end is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder, moving track with
The draw bar is mutually perpendicular to.
The ship collision experimental method realized using the ship collision experimental provision of the controlled speed and angle, it is special
Sign is: it the following steps are included:
S1, the various pieces of experimental provision are all installed in place；
S2, debugging traction angle device, are adjusted to predetermined angular and position for collided ship mould；The predetermined angular is quilt
The estimated angle with collision ship model collision of the mould that crashes, is configured according to experiment purpose；
S3, collision ship model is accelerated into predetermined speed, the predetermined speed is configured according to experiment purpose；
S4, the velocity-measuring system for being set the certain distance before collided ship mould test the speed, and when reaching predetermined speed, make to collide ship model
Uniform circular motion is maintained, until collision is completed；If colliding ship model actual speed is more than error range, pass through traction angle device
The mobile collided ship mould of moving track position, disengage it from collision ship model motion profile, close the power mechanism of collision ship model,
So that collision ship model does deceleration circular motion, avoid collision；
S5, the range-measurement system ranging for being set the certain distance before collided ship mould, when between collided ship mould and collision ship model
Distance when reaching pre-determined distance, draw bar and collided ship mould are detached from, and moving track withdraws draw bar, start pressure test system
System；
S6, collision ship model are completed to collide with certain speed and collided ship mould, and pressure testing system acquires impact force in real time.
According to the above method, this method further includes S7, collided ship model according to the impact force of pressure testing system acquisition and at that time
With the velocity information of collided ship mould, the collision parameter under the experiment condition is calculated, impact evaluation is collided to collided ship mould.
According to the above method, the pressure testing system includes transient pressure test macro and steady state pressure test macro,
The pressure being respectively used under measurement collision moment and stable state；
The S7 is specifically included: ship collision being considered as completely inelastic collision, i.e., caused by kinetic energy rejection and deformation
Structural penalties；Setting experiment n ∈ ln, colliding vessel mould surface deformation extent S after collision1n, collided ship mould surface deforms journey after collision
Spend S2n, collision ship model collision front and back ship's speed V1n、V2n, collided ship mould hits rear speed Rn, the one attached water of influence of water in collision
Quality dmIt indicates, speed U；
Wherein n indicates n-th collision experiment, lnIndicate the type of n-th experiment, WnIndicate that the kinetic energy of n-th experiment becomes
Change, m1n、m2nIndicate the quality of the collision ship model and collided ship mould of n-th experiment；
Momentum indicator V1n、V2n、RnFor whole influence codes collided to kinetic energy change of collision；Every participates in the ship of collision
Mould undertakes corresponding two momentum indicators；
Start on-the-spot test, measurement collision ship model collision front and back ship's speed according to selected particular experiment n and momentum indicator
V1n、V2n, collided ship mould hits rear speed Rn；Pressure F under pressure testing system measurement collision moment and stable state, draws F-t curve,
By principle of conservation of momentum after collision:
m1n*V1nsinT1=m1n*V2nsinT2+m2n*RnsinT3+dmU
In formula, T1、T2The angle of collision ship model and the direction of motion, T respectively before and after n-th impact test3It is touched for n-th
Hit the angle of collided ship mould and the direction of motion after testing；
And then the kinetic energy rejection W in collision process is acquired by principle of conservation of energyn:
Wn=m1n*V1n 2-m1n*V2n 2-m2n*Rn 2-dmU2
Kinetic energy rejection WnIt is partially converted into the deformation energy of structure, is undertaken by the loss of structure, is partially converted into structure
Deformation energy, is undertaken by ship model surface；
The data acquired in each parameter of particular experiment n and on-the-spot test are handled, obtain assessment result: ship model
Surface losses PlasticdeformationnAre as follows:
Plasticdeformationn=∑ I*ln (1+ ∑ Sin), i=1,2
Wherein ∑ I=ft, I are the physical quantity for the build-up effect that impact force acts on ship model a period of time, are collided after collision
Ship model surface deformation degree S1n, collided ship mould surface deformation extent S after collision2n；The surface losses of ship model include collided ship mould and
Collide the surface losses of ship model；
Test the ship collision degree Collision of nnAre as follows:
If the surface losses Plasticdeformation of ship modelnWhen reaching predetermined threshold A, ship collision degree
CollisionnIf mean value is located at section [β, β+θ], then it is assumed that smaller to the influence degree of collided ship mould in n-th experiment；If
Mean value be located at section [β+θ,], then it is assumed that it is larger to collided ship mould influence degree in n-th experiment；Otherwise mean value is greater thanThen think in n-th experiment, it is excessive to the influence degree of collided ship mould；Wherein θ,It is two preassigned and ship models
Surface losses PlasticdeformationnRelevant interval width variable.
The invention has the benefit that by using apparatus of the present invention and method, it being capable of quantitative study friction speed, angle
Influence and its mechanism with the ship collision of quality to Ship Structure.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the system and device figure of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the draw bar regulating mechanism structure chart of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the flow diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
In figure: 1- basin, 2- draw bar, 3- collided ship mould, 4- pool side fixed frame, 5- collide ship model, 6- velocity-measuring system, 7-
Multichannel data acquisition system, 8- range-measurement system, the synchronous trigger point 9-, 10- power mechanism, 11- solenoid directional control valve, 12- are hydraulic
Cylinder, 13- throttle valve, 14- overflow valve, 15- hydraulic pump, 16- motor, 17- filter.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to specific example and attached drawing, the present invention will be further described.
The present invention provides the ship collision experimental provision of a kind of controlled speed and angle, it includes annular basin 1, in basin
Collision ship model 5, collided ship mould 3 and traction angle device in 1；Wherein, collision ship model 5 is equipped with for according to requirement of experiment control
The control unit of ship's speed processed, and for being controlled the power mechanism that driving collision ship model 5 is travelled to collided ship mould 3 by control unit
10。
Collided ship mould 3 is equipped with the pressure testing system of impact force when colliding for acquiring, for acquiring collision ship model 5
The range-measurement system 8 (such as ultrasonic ranging system) of distance between collided ship mould 3, between collision ship model 5 and collided ship mould 3
Annular basin 1 in be equipped with for acquire collide model speed velocity-measuring system 6 (such as infrared light velocity-measuring system), it is collected
Data are acquired by multichannel data acquisition system 7, and are sent on the bank.The pressure testing system includes that transient pressure is surveyed
Test system and steady state pressure test macro, the pressure being respectively used under measurement collision moment and stable state.
Traction angle device includes draw bar 2, moving track and draw bar regulating mechanism；Draw bar 2 and collided ship mould 3 can
Control connection, such as magnetic connection, solenoid valve connection etc.；Draw bar regulating mechanism is connect with the rear end of draw bar 2, is adjusted for passing through
The length of draw bar 2 is saved to adjust the angle of collided ship mould 3；Moving track is connect with draw bar regulating mechanism, is led for guaranteeing
The pool wall for drawing bar 2 and annular basin 1 is mutually perpendicular to, and when collided ship mould 3 and collision ship model 5 collide, draw bar 2 with hit
Ship model 3 recycles draw bar 2 after being disconnected, and moving track is connect with pool side fixed frame 4.
The requirement of experiment are as follows: collision ship model 5 moves in a circle in annular basin 1, and control collision ship model 5 accelerates to
After preset impact velocity, draw bar 2 and collided ship mould 3 are disconnected and are retracted to pool wall, collision ship model 5 at the uniform velocity hit by
Crash mould 3；When collision ship model 5 is unable to reach preset impact velocity, the power mechanism of collision ship model 5 is closed.
The draw bar 2 is at least two, draw bar regulating mechanism described in each correspondence one.As shown in Fig. 2, institute
The draw bar regulating mechanism stated includes hydraulic cylinder 12, piston, hydraulic pump 15 and motor 16；The draw bar 2 and piston connects
It connects, motor 16 drives hydraulic pump 15 12 or to return to fuel tank from hydraulic cylinder 12 from fuel tank oil suction to hydraulic cylinder, pushes piston driving
The Forward of draw bar 2 retreats；It is moved forward by least two draw bar 2 or retreats different distances, so as to adjust collided ship mould 3
Angle.Solenoid directional control valve 11, throttle valve 13 and overflow valve 14 and filter 17 are equipped in oil circuit, it is complete for auxiliary hydraulic pump 15
At above-mentioned movement.
In the present embodiment, the collision ship model 5 for carrying engine includes power execution unit and uses dsp controller as core
Heart control unit builds peripheral interface circuit, control circuit, operation remote control navigation module as core；It is all kinds of to carry out ship end
The processing of sensor is merged；Directly control the precision maneuver of speed steering engine and direction steering engine；Using various wireless communication links side
Formula realizes that ship end interacts with the sail information at bank end, orders received communication function.
Power mechanism 10: steering engine is connected by connecting rod with propeller, speed rudder water knife, engine, forms power mechanism.Root
According to the remote control acceleration and deceleration order at bank end, after ship end core controller parses operation, issue to speed steering engine and direction steering engine
Order, driving speed steering engine pull two accurate response actions of steering engine connecting rod.Direction steering engine is controlled in certain angle, makes colliding vessel
Mould 5 moves in a circle.
When due to other reasons, make to collide ship model 5 be unable to reach the predetermined impact velocity of bank base order when, in draw bar 2
Under the action of so that collided ship mould 3 is left original position, avoid collision.Collision ship model power mechanism 10 is closed, collision ship model 5 continues
Retarded motion is done around basin 1.
The moving track end is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder 12, moving track and the traction
Bar 2 is mutually perpendicular to.
In this implementation, setting carries the moving track there are two piston on pool side fixed frame, and two one end draw bar A, B pass through
Magnetic field is connected with collided ship ship model bow, stern respectively, and port is referred to as that draw bar is grown only at a distance from pool wall.Other end difference
It is connected with piston, keeps draw bar A, B vertical with pool wall always by moving track.Motor drives hydraulic pump to inhale from fuel tank
Oil, hydraulic pump are converted to the mechanical energy of motor the pressure energy of liquid.Hydraulic medium by pipeline through throttle valve and commutation and
Valve enters hydraulic cylinder left chamber, pushes piston driving draw bar A, B Forward, the hydraulic medium of hydraulic cylinder right chamber discharge is through reversal valve stream
Oil return box.Hydraulic medium enters hydraulic cylinder right chamber after reversal valve commutation, moves back piston, pushes draw bar A, B reverse movement.
Change the movement velocity of the adjustable hydraulic cylinder of opening of throttle valve.It is grown only by mobile adjusting draw bar A, B of piston, to change
Become the angle of collided ship ship model 3.When collision ship model 5 and 3 position distance 200mm of collided ship mould, when synchronous triggering system is triggered
Draw bar A, B power-off, motor moment generate a large amount of mechanical energy and are recycled draw bar 2 by piston, are detached from collided ship mould 3.
The quality of collided ship mould 3 and collision ship model 5, by the method for outer weighting material ballast, i.e., by heavy object arrangement in ship
In to change experiment ship total quality, while being distributed by the balance and stability of ballast weight, avoid generating shadow to motion process
It rings.
The ship collision experimental method realized using the ship collision experimental provision of the controlled speed and angle, is such as schemed
Shown in 3, comprising the following steps:
S1, the various pieces of experimental provision are all installed in place.Specifically, before enabling collision experiment device, due to ship
Oceangoing ship quality is will be as the requirement in experiment be changing, therefore, and the quality of applied load and distribution will also become therewith, this
Require that constantly replace experiment is arranged with applied load.Transient pressure test macro, steady state pressure test macro, range-measurement system
8 are installed on collided ship ship model 3, and velocity-measuring system 6 is mounted on certain position before collided ship ship model 3.According to experiment to ship's speed not
With requirement, the reaction time needed for leading to collision prevention measure is different, and adjustment velocity-measuring system 6 determines distance.
S2, net length and spacing by adjusting draw bar 2, debug traction angle device, collided ship mould 3 are adjusted to predetermined
Angles and positions；The predetermined angular is that collided ship mould 3 is estimated with the angle colliding ship model 5 and colliding, according to experiment purpose into
Row setting.
S3, collision ship model 5 is accelerated into predetermined speed, the predetermined speed is configured according to experiment purpose.When opening
When with collision experiment device, by the remote control acceleration and deceleration order at bank end, operation is parsed through ship end core controller, thus sending pair
The order of speed steering engine, driving speed steering engine pull the accurate response action of connecting rod, and collision ship model is made to accelerate to predetermined speed.After
And make to collide ship model maintenance uniform circular motion, until collision is completed.
S4, the velocity-measuring system for being set the certain distance before collided ship mould 3 test the speed, and when reaching predetermined speed, make colliding vessel
Mould 5 maintains uniform circular motion, until collision is completed；If colliding 5 actual speed of ship model is more than error range, pass through traction angle
The position of the mobile collided ship mould 3 of the moving track of device, disengages it from collision 5 motion profile of ship model, closes the dynamic of collision ship model 5
Force mechanisms avoid collision so that collision ship model 5 does deceleration circular motion.
S5, the range-measurement system ranging for being set the certain distance before collided ship mould 3, when collided ship mould 3 and collision ship model 5 it
Between distance when reaching pre-determined distance (such as 200mm), synchronous triggering system is triggered, and draw bar 2 and collided ship mould 3 are detached from,
Moving track withdraws draw bar 2, starts pressure testing system and various kinds of sensors, avoids setting because frequently hitting damage experiment
It is standby.
S6, collision ship model 5 are completed to collide with certain speed and collided ship mould 3, and pressure testing system acquires shock in real time
Power.
This method further includes S7, collided ship model 5 and collided ship mould according to the impact force of pressure testing system acquisition and at that time
3 velocity information calculates the collision parameter under the experiment condition, collides impact evaluation to collided ship mould.
S7 is specifically included: ship collision being considered as completely inelastic collision, i.e. structure caused by kinetic energy rejection and deformation is damaged
It loses；Setting experiment n ∈ ln, colliding vessel mould surface deformation extent S after collision1n, collided ship mould surface deformation extent S after collision2n, touch
The mould that crashes collision front and back ship's speed V1n、V2n, collided ship mould hits rear speed Rn, one added mass of entrained water d of the influence of water in collisionmTable
Show, speed U；
Wherein n indicates n-th collision experiment, lnIndicate the type of n-th experiment, WnIndicate that the kinetic energy of n-th experiment becomes
Change, m1n、m2nIndicate the quality of the collision ship model and collided ship mould of n-th experiment；
Momentum indicator V1n、V2n、RnFor whole influence codes collided to kinetic energy change of collision；Every participates in the ship of collision
Mould undertakes corresponding two momentum indicators；
Start on-the-spot test, the measurement collision of colliding vessel 5 front and back ship's speed according to selected particular experiment n and momentum indicator
V1n、V2n, collided ship mould hits rear speed Rn；Pressure F under pressure testing system measurement collision moment and stable state, draws F-t curve,
By principle of conservation of momentum after collision:
m1n*V1nsinT1=m1n*V2nsinT2+m2n*RnsinT3+dmU
In formula, T1、T2The angle of collision ship model and the direction of motion, T respectively before and after n-th impact test3It is touched for n-th
Hit the angle of collided ship mould and the direction of motion after testing；
And then the kinetic energy rejection W in collision process is acquired by principle of conservation of energyn:
Wn=m1n*V1n 2-m1n*V2n 2-m2n*Rn 2-dmU2
Kinetic energy rejection WnIt is partially converted into the deformation energy of structure, is undertaken by the loss of structure, is partially converted into structure
Deformation energy, is undertaken by ship model surface；
The data acquired in each parameter of particular experiment n and on-the-spot test are handled, obtain assessment result: ship model
The surface losses Plasticdeformation of (including collided ship mould and collision ship model)nAre as follows:
Plasticdeformationn=∑ I*ln (1+ ∑ Sin), i=1,2
Wherein ∑ I=ft, I are the physical quantity for the build-up effect that impact force acts on ship model a period of time, are collided after collision
Ship model surface deformation degree S1n, collided ship mould surface deformation extent S after collision2n。
Test the ship collision degree Collision of nnAre as follows:
If the surface losses Plasticdeformation of ship modelnWhen reaching predetermined threshold A, ship collision degree
CollisionnIf mean value is located at section [β, β+θ], then it is assumed that smaller to the influence degree of collided ship mould in n-th experiment；If
Mean value be located at section [β+θ,Then think in n-th experiment, it is larger to collided ship mould influence degree；Otherwise mean value is greater thanThen think in n-th experiment, it is excessive to the influence degree of collided ship mould；Wherein θ,It is two preassigned and ship models
Surface losses PlasticdeformationnRelevant interval width variable.
For the accuracy and repeatability of general warranty experimental provision, research collision ship model is denoted as ship a, and collided ship mould is denoted as
Ship b, ship a real-time reception bank base control unit send instruction and be designated as preferentially indicating grade with infrared electro velocity-measuring system.
Colliding vessel mould m and collided ship mould b distance S is calculated in ultrasonic ranging systemabAnd infrared electro tests the speed and is
System determines distance Ba；If Sab< Ba, ship a, bank base, traction angle device three's information exchange feedback, ship a is to traction angle device
Trigger signal is sent, traction angle device receives instruction to be subjected, the real-time bank bases such as triggering signal of communication and sends oneself VaAnd aa
Value；
The infrared electro velocity-measuring system includes the transmitting terminal and receiving terminal of optoelectronic switch, is opened in infrared electro tachymeter
After dynamic, it will form two light curtains.When experiment collision ship model fore used passes through light curtain, the receiving terminal of optoelectronic switch can be issued
Low level signal, when testing fore without light curtain, the receiving terminal of optoelectronic switch can issue high level signal, i.e., when experiment fore
2 can be generated after two light curtains by high level to low level pulse signal,
Counter can recorde down the clock cycle number m between the two pulses, according to timing principles t=m*T=m/
Timing time can be obtained in f, utilizes formula VaAverage speed of the moving object on S can be obtained in=s ÷ t, and wherein f is in one second
The number of execution cycle property transformation, T are the time of a cycle.
The ultrasonic ranging system includes ultrasonic wave transmitting circuit and ultrasonic sensor, because ultrasonic wave is in air
In (15 DEG C) spread speed it is known that be 340m/s.It encounters barrier by the transmitting of measurement ultrasonic wave and ultrasonic wave and reflects
Time difference when being received, to calculate collided ship mould at a distance from collision ship model,
Colliding vessel mould m and collided ship mould b distance S is calculated in ultrasonic ranging systemabAnd infrared electro tests the speed and is
System determines distance Ba；If Sab< Ba, ship a, bank base, traction angle device three's information exchange feedback, ship a is to traction angle device
Trigger signal is sent, traction angle device receives instruction to be subjected, the real-time bank bases such as triggering signal of communication and sends oneself VaAnd aa
Value；
Wherein, SabIt is collision ship model m at a distance from collided ship mould b, BaDistance, B are determined for infrared electro velocity-measuring systema=
[ln(1+aa)+0.15]Va+Va 2÷115*ln(1+Va)+Va*tInstead+τ；tInsteadThe time required to being fed back for experimental facilities, when ship's speed is slower
It is negligible；τ is buffering surplus (predetermined fixed value), VaFor the ship's speed for colliding ship model a
If infrared electro velocity-measuring system determines that distance reaches predetermined threshold BaWhen, if collision ship model ship's speed is located at section [B-
Д, B+ Д], then it is assumed that in this experiment, the environmental factors such as flow rate of water flow, wind speed, temperature are small to the influence degree of collision；If
Value be located at section [B+ Д,] or [B- Д,], then it is assumed that in this experiment, the environment such as flow rate of water flow, wind speed, temperature
Factor is larger to the influence degree of collision, need to repeat to test；Otherwise mean value is greater thanThen think this experiment, environment crashes
The influence degree hit is excessive, to ensure experiment safety and the mobile collided ship mould of the moving track for precisely, passing through traction angle device
Berth is set, and collision ship model motion profile is disengaged it from, and is closed collision ship model power device, is done deceleration circular motion, avoid collision,
It is tested again after regulation experiment parameter.Wherein Д,It is two preassigned interval width variables relevant to ship's speed.
Collision ship model reaches predetermined impact velocity and maintains uniform motion, when distance is collided, and 200mm occurs, synchronous triggering system
System is triggered, and high-speed camera and various kinds of sensors are opened, and draw bar A, B power-off are detached from collided ship mould, avoid because frequently hitting
Hit damage experimental facilities.
Ship completes collision with certain velocity amplitude, and transient state and stable state impact force acquisition system acquire each sensor in real time
Impact force, the endergonic structure and experiment ship model quality of replacement experiment ship model, changes the impact velocity and collision angle of ship model, complete
It is studied at ship model collision experiment.
Transient state and principle of the stable state impact force acquisition system in this experiment:
After load cell is mounted on collided ship mould, the outlet of load cell is connected to transmitter, then give pick-up
Device power supply, GND are connected to 24V power supply, and transmitter connects capture card, after starting measurement, work of the elastomer in collision ship model collision
With lower generation flexible deformation, making the resistance strain gage for being pasted onto its surface, also companion is deformed, after resistance strain gage deformation, it
Resistance value will change, then this resistance variations is converted into electric signal through corresponding measuring circuit, to complete external force
It is converted into the process of electric signal.The case where so can intuitively showing each moment impact force.
For another purpose for realizing the experiment: ship collision is considered as completely inelastic collision, i.e. kinetic energy rejection and change
Structural penalties caused by shape；He includes following methods: setting experiment n ∈ ln, colliding vessel sample surface deformation degree S after collision1n, touch
Hit rear collided ship apperance surface deformation degree S2n, collision foul front and back ship's speed V1n、V2n, collided ship mould hits rear speed Rn, collision
One added mass of entrained water d of the influence of middle watermIt indicates, speed U.
Wherein n indicates n-th collision experiment, lnIndicate the type of n-th experiment, WnIndicate that the kinetic energy of n-th experiment becomes
Change, m1n, m2nIndicate the ship sample quality of n-th experiment.
Momentum indicator V1n, V2n, RnFor whole influence codes collided to kinetic energy change of collision；Every participates in the ship of collision
Mould undertakes corresponding two momentum indicators.
Start on-the-spot test, the measurement collision of infrared electro velocity-measuring system according to selected particular experiment n and momentum indicator
Ship's speed V before and after foul1n, V2n, collided ship mould hits rear speed Rn；Pressure under pressure testing system measurement collision moment and stable state
F (draws F-t, curve, approximation is replaced with ∑ I=ft), and two by principle of conservation of momentum after collision:
m1n*V1nsinT1=m1n*V2nsinT2+m2n*RnsinT3+dmU
And then the kinetic energy rejection in collision process is acquired by principle of conservation of energy:
Wn=m1n*V1n 2-m1n*V2n 2-m2n*Rn 2-dmU2
Kinetic energy rejection WnIt is partially converted into the deformation energy of structure, is undertaken by the loss of structure, is partially converted into structure
Deformation energy, is undertaken by ship model surface.The data acquired in each parameter of particular experiment n and on-the-spot test are handled, are obtained
Assessment result: the surface losses Plasticdeformation of ship modelnAre as follows:
Plasticdeformationn=∑ I*ln (1+ ∑ Sin)
Test the ship collision degree Collision of nnAre as follows:
If the surface losses Plasticdeformation of ship modelnWhen reaching predetermined threshold A, ship collision degree
CollisionnIf mean value is located at section [β, β+θ], then it is assumed that smaller to the influence degree of collided ship mould in n-th experiment；If
Mean value be located at section [β+θ,Then think in n-th experiment, it is larger to collided ship mould influence degree；Otherwise mean value is greater thanThen think in n-th experiment, it is excessive to the influence degree of collided ship mould；Wherein θ,It is two preassigned and ship models
Surface losses Plastic deformationnRelevant interval width variable.
The configuration of the present invention is simple, annular basin 1 make collision ship model 5 have enough speed change distances.Traction angle dress before colliding
Set the measure isolated with collided ship mould 3, it is possible to provide ship collision experimental provision and experimental method under friction speed and angle, it can
Ship under different operating conditions is simulated, and makes the ship collision simulated that there is controllability and repeatability.
Above embodiments are merely to illustrate design philosophy and feature of the invention, and its object is to make technology in the art
Personnel can understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.So it is all according to
It is within the scope of the present invention according to equivalent variations made by disclosed principle, mentality of designing or modification.
Claims (8)
1. the ship collision experimental provision of a kind of controlled speed and angle, it is characterised in that: it includes annular basin, in basin
Collision ship model, collided ship mould and traction angle device；Wherein,
Ship model is collided to be equipped with for the control unit according to requirement of experiment control ship's speed, and for being controlled drive by control unit
The power mechanism that dynamic collision ship model is sailed to collided ship line；
Collided ship mould is equipped with the pressure testing system of impact force when colliding for acquiring, for acquiring collision ship model and being hit
The range-measurement system of distance between ship model is equipped in colliding the annular basin between ship model and collided ship mould for acquiring colliding vessel
The velocity-measuring system of mould speed；
Traction angle device includes draw bar, moving track and draw bar regulating mechanism；Draw bar is controllably connect with collided ship mould；
The rear end of draw bar regulating mechanism and draw bar connection, for adjusting the angle of collided ship mould by the length for adjusting draw bar
Degree；Moving track is connect with draw bar regulating mechanism, for guaranteeing that draw bar and the pool wall of annular basin are mutually perpendicular to, and in quilt
When crashing mould with collision ship model collision, draw bar is recycled after draw bar is disconnected with collided ship mould.
2. the ship collision experimental provision of controlled speed according to claim 1 and angle, it is characterised in that: the reality
Test requirement are as follows: collision ship model moves in a circle in annular basin, after control collision ship model accelerates to preset impact velocity, leads
Draw bar and collided ship mould is disconnected and is retracted to pool wall, collision ship model at the uniform velocity hits collided ship mould；When collision ship model can not
When reaching preset impact velocity, the power mechanism of collision ship model is closed.
3. the ship collision experimental provision of controlled speed according to claim 1 and angle, it is characterised in that: described leads
Draw bar to connect with collided ship mould magnetism.
4. the ship collision experimental provision of controlled speed according to claim 1 and angle, it is characterised in that: described leads
Drawing bar is at least two, draw bar regulating mechanism described in each correspondence one；The draw bar regulating mechanism includes hydraulic
Cylinder, piston, hydraulic pump and motor；The draw bar is connect with piston, and motor drives hydraulic pump from fuel tank oil suction to liquid
Cylinder pressure returns to fuel tank from hydraulic cylinder, pushes the Forward of piston driving draw bar or retreats；By at least two draw bar move forward or after
Different distances is moved back, so as to adjust the angle of collided ship mould.
5. the ship collision experimental provision of controlled speed according to claim 4 and angle, it is characterised in that: the shifting
Dynamic track end is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder, and moving track is mutually perpendicular to the draw bar.
6. the ship collision experiment side realized using the ship collision experimental provision of controlled speed and angle described in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: it the following steps are included:
S1, the various pieces of experimental provision are all installed in place；
S2, debugging traction angle device, are adjusted to predetermined angular and position for collided ship mould；The predetermined angular is collided ship
The estimated angle with collision ship model collision of mould, is configured according to experiment purpose；
S3, collision ship model is accelerated into predetermined speed, the predetermined speed is configured according to experiment purpose；
S4, the velocity-measuring system for being set the certain distance before collided ship mould test the speed, and when reaching predetermined speed, make to collide ship model maintenance
Uniform circular motion, until collision is completed；If colliding ship model actual speed is more than error range, pass through the shifting of traction angle device
The position of the mobile collided ship mould in dynamic rail road, disengages it from collision ship model motion profile, closes the power mechanism of collision ship model, so that
Collision ship model does deceleration circular motion, avoids collision；
S5, the range-measurement system ranging for being set the certain distance before collided ship mould, when collided ship mould and collision ship model between away from
When from reaching pre-determined distance, draw bar and collided ship mould are detached from, and moving track withdraws draw bar, start pressure testing system；
S6, collision ship model are completed to collide with certain speed and collided ship mould, and pressure testing system acquires impact force in real time.
7. ship collision experimental method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: this method further includes S7, according to pressure
The impact force of test macro acquisition and the velocity information for colliding ship model and collided ship mould at that time, calculate touching under the experiment condition
Parameter is hit, impact evaluation is collided to collided ship mould.
8. ship collision experimental method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the pressure testing system includes wink
State pressure testing system and steady state pressure test macro, the pressure being respectively used under measurement collision moment and stable state；
The S7 is specifically included: ship collision is considered as completely inelastic collision, i.e. structure caused by kinetic energy rejection and deformation
Loss；Setting experiment n ∈ ln, colliding vessel mould surface deformation extent S after collision1n, collided ship mould surface deformation extent S after collision2n,
Collide ship model collision front and back ship's speed V1n、V2n, collided ship mould hits rear speed Rn, one added mass of entrained water d of the influence of water in collisionm
It indicates, speed U；
Wherein n indicates n-th collision experiment, lnIndicate the type of n-th experiment, WnIndicate the kinetic energy change of n-th experiment, m1n、
m2nIndicate the quality of the collision ship model and collided ship mould of n-th experiment；
Momentum indicator V1n、V2n、RnFor whole influence codes collided to kinetic energy change of collision；Every ship model for participating in collision is held
Carry on a shoulder pole corresponding two momentum indicators；
Start on-the-spot test, measurement collision ship model collision front and back ship's speed V according to selected particular experiment n and momentum indicator1n、
V2n, collided ship mould hits rear speed Rn；Pressure F under pressure testing system measurement collision moment and stable state, draws F-t curve, touches
By principle of conservation of momentum after hitting:
m1n*V1nsinT1=m1n*V2nsinT2+m2n*RnsinT3+dmU
In formula, T1、T2The angle of collision ship model and the direction of motion, T respectively before and after n-th impact test3It collides and tries for n-th
Test the angle of rear collided ship mould and the direction of motion；
And then the kinetic energy rejection W in collision process is acquired by principle of conservation of energyn:
Wn=m1n*V1n 2-m1n*V2n 2-m2n*Rn 2-dmU2
Kinetic energy rejection WnIt is partially converted into the deformation energy of structure, is undertaken by the loss of structure, the deformation of structure is partially converted into
Can, it is undertaken by ship model surface；
The data acquired in each parameter of particular experiment n and on-the-spot test are handled, assessment result is obtained: the surface of ship model
Lose PlasticdeformationnAre as follows:
Plasticdeformationn=∑ I*ln (1+ ∑ Sin), i=1,2
Wherein ∑ I=ft, I are the physical quantity for the build-up effect that impact force acts on ship model a period of time, collide ship model after collision
Surface deformation degree S1n, collided ship mould surface deformation extent S after collision2n；The surface losses of ship model include collided ship mould and collision
The surface losses of ship model；
Test the ship collision degree Collision of nnAre as follows:
If the surface losses Plasticdeformation of ship modelnWhen reaching predetermined threshold A, ship collision degree Collisionn
If mean value is located at section [β, β+θ], then it is assumed that smaller to the influence degree of collided ship mould in n-th experiment；If mean value is located at area
Between Then think in n-th experiment, it is larger to collided ship mould influence degree；Otherwise mean value is greater thanThen think
It is excessive to the influence degree of collided ship mould in n times experiment；Wherein θ,It is two preassigned surface losses with ship model
PlasticdeformationnRelevant interval width variable.
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