CN104006943B - Pond boats and ships collision experiment system and collision experiment method - Google Patents

Pond boats and ships collision experiment system and collision experiment method Download PDF

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CN104006943B
CN104006943B CN201410260352.0A CN201410260352A CN104006943B CN 104006943 B CN104006943 B CN 104006943B CN 201410260352 A CN201410260352 A CN 201410260352A CN 104006943 B CN104006943 B CN 104006943B
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ship model
movable stand
experiment
collision
ship
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CN104006943A (en
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庄元�
郑元洲
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of pond boats and ships collision experiment system, mainly comprise forward traction guider, draw hook (8), course-keeping mechanism and reversal tension gear (15), wherein, forward traction guider is arranged on guide rail (7) head end, draw hook (8) is arranged on the midpoint of movable stand (5), draw hook (8) keeps level, the front end leading truck (22) of ship model (9) is stuck in draw hook (8), when forward draw-gear traction ship model (9) travels forward, ship model (9) and movable stand (5) are connected into entirety by draw hook (8), ship model (9) can be along with movable stand (5) be together to preacceleration, course-keeping mechanism is arranged on the afterbody of ship model, and reversal tension gear (15) is arranged on the tail end of pond guide rail, for movable stand (5) being slowed down after experiment ship model has accelerated, the present invention is simple in structure, and has realized the motion control to movable stand, and after model speed reaches predetermined value, it separates with movable stand.

Description

Pond boats and ships collision experiment system and collision experiment method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ship collision experimental technique, particularly relate to a kind of for carrying out ship model acceleration in pondAnd experimental system and collision experiment method that ship model and works are collided.
Background technology
Ship collision is the catastrophic failure that possible cause serious personnel's life, property loss and environmental pollution, generally dividesBe that two classes study a question: ship foul and ship and fixture collision. Research method to boats and ships and works collision nowMainly theoretical analysis and calculation and prototype testing research. Because boats and ships and works collision process relate to very complicatedNon-linear plastic deformation process, theoretical calculation analysis error ratio is larger, and adopting collision experiment to carry out correlative study is must be notThe part that can lack. The experimental technique that carries out at present ship collision mainly comprises small-scale model experiment and real yardstick in factTest, but carrying out now real yardstick experiment can expend huge human and material resources and financial resources, so mainly contract with small scaleThan model experiment as main research means.
On December 28th, 2011, invention disclosed patent 201010213892.5 disclosed that " a kind of ship hits bridge test waterPond ", its to the effect that: both sides, pond are provided with long rails, and ship model towing gear crossbearer is located at two long railsUpper, comprise longitudinal walking dolly, cross track and horizontal mobile device, longitudinally walking dolly is placed on two long rails,Can carry longitudinally rail moving of ship model towing device entirety, the longitudinally added cross track that is provided with of walking dolly, transverse shiftingDevice is placed on cross track, can move along cross track, and horizontal mobile device below is provided with for fixing ship modelFixture, described fixture can be rotated. Although this technical scheme provides a kind of and has dragged by controlling ship modelDrag the speed of longitudinal walking dolly of device, the position of horizontal mobile device and the angle that rotation ship model advances and simulate shipThe method of hitting bridge state in oceangoing ship navigation. But this scheme is not set up rational traction release unit, in collision processCannot protect the junction of horizontal mobile device and ship model, in collision process frequently due to impact forceLarger cause may cause ship model towing gear to be damaged.
On 08 21st, 2013 invention disclosed patents 201310179285 " restricted type experiment supercavity generating means "The trailer system of a kind of pond boats and ships experiment is disclosed, its to the effect that: above test water tank, be equipped with two relatively" Z " font guide rail of arranging, carrying slide block and guide rail form sliding pair, and one end of connecting rod is connected with carrying slide block,The other end is provided with experimental model and stretches in Experimental Water Tank, and one end of steel wire is connected with carrying slide block, the other end and pullingElevator wheel in device connects; In experimentation, start servomotor and drive elevator wheel to rotate, make by pulling steel wireCarrying slide block reaches certain speed of experiment. But this scheme is only applicable to the cavitation phenomena research of mini Mod, Wu FamanThe towing work of foot to ship model in collision process, and cannot ensure that the direction of ship model in navigation process is stableProperty.
The experiment of small scale scale model mainly comprises reliable ship control method and test macro, so research invention oneThe ship collision experimental system that cover carries out reliably in experiment pond seems very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve existing technological deficiency, while avoiding real foul experiment, be difficult to control, expend hugeThe problem such as large, thus a kind of experimental system and experimental technique that carries out ship collision research in pond proposed. Its utilizationAccelerated method accelerates to predetermined value to the small scale ship model in pond reliably, then by ship model and fixed structureThe collision of thing obtains corresponding experimental data.
Technical scheme of the present invention has been to provide a kind of pond boats and ships collision experiment system, comprises forward traction guiding dressPut, draw hook, course-keeping mechanism and reversal tension gear, is characterized in that:
Forward traction guider is arranged on guide rail head end, it comprise on the bank fixed mount, haulage cable, hoist engine andMovable stand; Wherein, fixed mount is fixed on the both sides in pond on the bank, and fixed mount is provided with hoist engine on the bank, movable standTwo ends are provided with fairlead, and steel wire penetrating fairlead links together hoist engine and movable stand;
Draw hook is arranged on the midpoint of movable stand, and draw hook keeps level, and the front end leading truck of ship model is stuck in and leadsDraw in hook, when forward draw-gear traction ship model travels forward, ship model and movable stand are connected into entirety by draw hook, shipMould can be along with movable stand be together to preacceleration; Close forward draw-gear and open reversal tension gear while making movable stand,The horizontal forward motion of leading truck of ship model also separates with draw hook;
Course-keeping mechanism is arranged on the afterbody of ship model, and course-keeping mechanism comprises fork configuration, and ship model afterbody arranges oneRoot straight-bar straight up, accelerates in navigation process at ship model, and ship model afterbody straight-bar is inserted in the fork-shaped knot of " L " type barIn structure;
Reversal tension gear is arranged on the tail end of pond guide rail, for after experiment ship model has accelerated to movable standSlow down.
The present invention also provides a kind of pond boats and ships collision experiment system to carry out the method for collision experiment: it is characterized in that bagDraw together following steps:
Step 1, bow and hull assembly connection that will experiment ship model and install and measure collision between bow and hullThe pressure sensor of power;
When step 2, experiment, first experiment ship model is connected with draw hook and the course-stability device of movable stand, will be realTesting impingement plate is fixedly mounted between clamping mechanism;
Dynamic response data sampling sensor after step 3, installation experiment impingement plate, and set up height on both sides, pondSpeed photographic apparatus catches collision experiment process;
Ship model is accelerated to predetermined speed by step 4, startup forward draw-gear;
Step 5, when model speed reaches after predetermined value, forward draw-gear quits work, simultaneously reversal tension gearStart working movable stand slowed down until stop, now ship model under the effect of inertia with draw hook and course-keeping mechanismSeparate;
Step 6, ship model travel forward with certain velocity amplitude and complete collision process, GPS speed with experiment impingement plateMeasuring instrument obtains the collision model speed value of beginning moment;
The Various types of data pick-up transducers at step 7, the experiment impingement plate back side is recorded the experiment number in whole collision processAccording to, high-speed camera catches the whole collision experiment process that records simultaneously, the pressure between bow and the hull of experiment ship modelSensor measurement is recorded current impact force time history data.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention utilizes forward draw-gear and reversal tension gear to realize the motion control to movable stand, realBetween examine a ship mould and movable stand, be connected by draw hook, after model speed reaches predetermined value, itself and movable stand divideFrom.
(2), in the present invention, ship model is guaranteed with correct direction and speed to location by guider in pondPut and crash feature thing bumps against, and have the data sampling sensor on works to record relevant data, the method accurately,Fast, control conveniently.
(3) in addition, in the present invention, owing to repeating various ships in this pond boats and ships collision experiment systemSmall scale collision experiment between oceangoing ship and works, is difficult to control while having avoided the experiment of real foul and expense is high asksTopic.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the top view of pond boats and ships collision experiment system;
Fig. 2 is movable stand and the johning knot composition of testing ship model;
Fig. 3 is course-keeping mechanism schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is bow and the hull connection diagram of experiment ship model;
Fig. 5 is experiment impact force datagram;
Fig. 6 is experiment impact force datagram;
Fig. 7 is experiment impact force datagram.
Wherein: 1 border, pond; 2 fixed mounts on the bank; 3 steel wire ropes; 4 hoist engines; 5 movable stands; 6 fairleads;7 guide rails; 8 draw hooks; 9 experiment ship models; 10 clamp structures; 11 experiment plates; 12 sensors; 13GPSSpeed measuring instrumentation; 14 optoelectronic switches; 15 reversal tension gears; 16 course-keeping mechanisms; 17 stern straight-bars; 18Experiment ship model forward; 19 connecting bolts; 20 pressure sensors; 21 experiment ship model hull parts; 22 ship modelsLeading truck; 23 horizontal brace rods; 24 fork configurations.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1-7 and embodiment, the present invention is further described.
In this embodiment, pond boats and ships collision experiment system, comprises forward traction guider, draw hook 8, boatTo stabilizing mechanism and reversal tension gear 15.
Wherein: as shown in Figure 1, forward traction guider is arranged on guide rail 7 head ends, by fixed mount 2 on the bank, leadDrawing steel wire rope 3, hoist engine 4 and movable stand 5 forms; Wherein, fixed mount 2 is fixed on the both sides in pond, bank on the bankUpper holder 2 is provided with hoist engine 4, and the two ends of movable stand 5 are provided with fairlead 6, and steel wire rope 3 is through fairlead 6Hoist engine 4 and movable stand 5 are linked together; Movable stand 5 is arranged on the guide rail 7 on both sides, pond, by volumeThe running of raising machine 4 can make movable stand 5 carry out accelerated motion along guide rail 7; Movable stand 5 two ends are connected with guide rail 7Place is provided with roller, and movable stand 5 can move along guide rail 7 directions under the effect of tractive force. Hoist engine 4 with moveSteel wire rope 3 between moving frame 7 should be parallel with guide rail line.
As shown in Figure 2, movable stand 5 and experiment are provided with draw hook 8 between ship model 9, draw hook 8 realize both itBetween connection with separate; At the midpoint fixed traction hook 8 of movable stand 5, draw hook remains level, andThe front end leading truck 22 of experiment ship model 9 is fixed in draw hook 8 just, and ship model 9 links together with draw hook 8After can only travel forward, cannot move backward; After preparation to be tested completes, unlatching forward traction guider, movesMoving frame 5 starts along guide rail 7 accelerated motion forward under the effect of steel wire rope 3, because draw hook 8 is by ship model 9Be fixed into an entirety with movable stand 5, therefore ship model 9 can be along with movable stand 5 be together to preacceleration; When ship model 9 reachesAfter setting speed value, close forward draw-gear, open reversal tension gear movable stand 5 is reduced speed now until stopMotion, and now ship model 9 travels forward because inertia still can keep original speed, and because draw hook 8 is individualNon-closed-loop device and remain level, thus ship model leading truck 22 can horizontal forward motion with and draw hook8 natural separation.
Ship model 9 reaches after preset speed values by linear accelerating under draw-gear effect, and movable stand 5 slows down, ship model9 depart from movable stand 5 and bump against with the crash feature thing in front. If it is direct to adopt movable stand 5 to pull ship modelBump against with test structure, in collision process, impact force can make movable stand 5 damage frequently, so rational detachment machineStructure design is very crucial.
As shown in Figure 2, while moving in pond due to experiment ship model 9, afterbody easily swings, thus impact experimentCollision angle between ship model and collision test specimen. In order to ensure that test ship model protects in the traction accelerator of movable stand 5The fixed line navigation that keeps steady, increases the course-keeping mechanism of controlling movement of ship model in the technical program.
The below of " L " type bar 16 is course-keeping mechanisms, and course-keeping mechanism is a fork configuration 24, at shipMould afterbody 21 is connected with a straight-bar 17 straight up, and straight-bar 17 connects into an entirety with ship model 9 and keeps phaseTo fixing, accelerate in navigation process at ship model 9, ship model afterbody straight-bar 17 is inserted in the fork-shaped of " L " type bar 16 belowsIn structure 24. Now ship model stem 18 is controlled by draw hook 8, ship model stem 18 accelerated motion forward, nothingMethod side-to-side movement; While ship model afterbody straight-bar 17 is subject to fork configuration 24 and controls, and makes ship model afterbody 21 in motionAlso cannot side-to-side motion in process, ship model 9 just can remain course-stability in navigation process. Due to afterbodyStraight-bar 17 is lower than the position height of draw hook 8, so in the time that movable stand 5 and ship model 9 depart from, afterbody straight-bar 17Can not affect the motion of ship model 9. When movable stand 5 slows down, when ship model 9 relies on self inertia to travel forward, ship model headPortion's leading truck 22 departs from the draw hook 8 on movable stand 5, and ship model afterbody straight-bar 17 can be from fork configuration 24 simultaneouslyVertical masonry joint in travel forward until depart from course-keeping mechanism. Now, ship model 9 completely and movable stand 5 depart from, andMove forward until bump against with test collision thing 11. In addition, supporting in order to ensure with the size of testing ship model 9,Can be according to the length of ship model length adjustment horizon bar 23, make the afterbody straight-bar 17 of ship model can be inserted in all the time fork-shaped knotIn structure 24.
As shown in Figure 3, be connected with " L " type bar 16 parallel with ship model course at movable stand 5 rears, " L " type bar16 and movable stand 5 between utilize horizon bar 23 to connect into an entirety, whole in motion process " L " type bar 16And the course-keeping mechanism connecting all relatively keeps relative with movable stand 5 and fixes. Utilize " 2 definite straight lines "Principle, as long as in ship model accelerator, ensure on ship model 92 relative with movable stand 5 fixing, so at ship model9 together with movable stand 5 in accelerator, and ship model 9 will remain along the horizontal linear parallel with guide rail 7 forwardTravel.
In addition, at the tail end of pond guide rail, one group of same reversal tension gear 15 is set, at experiment ship modelAcceleration is slowed down to movable stand 5 after completing, and after experiment is complete, movable stand 5 is retracted initial point underOnce experiment;
For in experimental study, enter for the impact of collision process for different quality, multi-form bow portion 18Row experimental study, current common practice is redesign different experiment ship models 9 and process, but this type of doesMethod expends a large amount of human and material resources, and experimental resources has been caused to a large amount of wastes. For head it off, thisExposed installation meter bow 18 and the separable experiment ship model 9 of hull 21, as shown in Figure 4. Forward 18 and hullBetween 21, by bolt 19 rivetings, therefore dismounting can be convenient in the time changing multi-form bow 18, simultaneouslySetting pressure sensor 20 between bow portion 18 and hull 21, in collision experiment process, can pass through pressureSensor 20 obtains impact force accurately. In addition, this type of design only need to design multi-form forepart construction and shipFirst replacing program is simple, has saved ship model processing cost simultaneously.
For the convenient quality that changes experiment ship model 9 in experimentation, carry out the impact of quality of research on collision process,The main method that adopts quality iron block ballast in the technical program, changes experiment by iron block is arranged in ship modelThe quality of ship model entirety, if the distribution of kentledge meet the requirement of balance and stability just can be to the motion of experiment ship modelProcess exerts an influence, and can change again the total quality of ship model simultaneously fairly simplely.
The clamping mechanism 10 being formed by vertical stand, for experiment is fixed in the middle of pond with plate 11 clamps, clampStructure can be fixed the grillage test specimen of different structure form, in order to study the impact of different crash feature on collision process,After the ship model 9 of coming with certain speed operation and brassboard 11 bump against, brassboard 11 back sides are provided with dynamic dataPick-up transducers 12 bumps against the relevant response data of rear plate for gathering ship model and plate. In addition, set up on both sides, pondTwo high-speed cameras are used for catching whole collision generating process. This type of experimental system ship model control method is reliable, simultaneouslyMeasurement data record is complete, is convenient to collision process and the Correlative Influence Factors thereof of ships and works.
GPS speed measuring instrumentation 13 is installed in ship model, when the speed of ship model 9 reaches after setting value, guide rail head endForward draw-gear quit work, simultaneously the reversal tension gear 15 of guide rail tail end is started working, movable stand 5 existsOppositely under the effect of tractive force, reduce speed now until stop; Now, ship model 9 is because effect of inertia and movable stand 5 depart from,In the time that ship model 9 bumps against with plate 11 with experiment, speed measuring instrumentation 13 can record ship model again in the collision reality of beginning momentVelocity amplitude.
For the device of fixed mount and movable stand etc. on the bank in Protection system, prevent that both bump against in experimentationThere is breakage, adopt cushion pad and optoelectronic switch 14 to carry out relevant control and protection. Fixed mount one side is installed slow on the bankDie head, when movable stand moves to fixed mount place on the bank with certain speed, first slows down and stops with cushion pad effect. Anti-Only it causes both to destroy with fixed mount direct effect on the bank.
In order to protect forward traction guider, a distance before the fixed mount on the bank of guide rail head end, is provided withThe optoelectronic switch 14 of surveying movable stand, this optoelectronic switch 14 is connected in the circuit loop of forward draw-gear, onceMovable stand has arrived the position of optoelectronic switch 14 under the traction of hoist engine, and forward draw-gear circuit loop can standCarve power-off, reversal tension gear is started working simultaneously, and now movable stand slows down until stop.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of applying pond boats and ships collision experiment system and carrying out collision experiment:
Step 1, bow and hull assembly connection that will experiment ship model and install and measure collision between bow and hullThe pressure sensor of power;
In this step, experiment ship model need to be selected according to experiment demand, and the connected mode between bow and hull is adoptedUse riveting method.
When step 2, experiment, first experiment ship model is connected with draw hook and the course-stability device of movable stand, will be realTesting impingement plate is fixedly mounted between clamping mechanism;
Dynamic response data sampling sensor after step 3, installation experiment impingement plate, and set up height on both sides, pondSpeed photographic apparatus catches collision experiment process;
Ship model is accelerated to predetermined speed by step 4, startup forward draw-gear;
Before carrying out this step, need to debug all appts equipment, can start forward draw-gear after normal.
Step 5, when model speed reaches after predetermined value, forward draw-gear quits work, simultaneously reversal tension gearStart working movable stand slowed down until stop, now ship model under the effect of inertia with draw hook and course-keeping mechanismSeparate;
In this step, the predetermined value of speed arranges according to different ship models and different experiment purposes.
Step 6, ship model travel forward with certain velocity amplitude and complete collision process, GPS speed with experiment impingement plateMeasuring instrument obtains the collision model speed value of beginning moment;
The Various types of data pick-up transducers at step 7, the experiment impingement plate back side is recorded the experiment number in whole collision processAccording to, high-speed camera catches the whole collision experiment process that records simultaneously, the pressure between bow and the hull of experiment ship modelSensor measurement is recorded current impact force time history data;
Change the bow form of experiment ship model and the quality of experiment ship model, change ship model and accelerate the velocity amplitude reaching, repeatCarry out above-mentioned experimental procedure, complete the collision experiment research of boats and ships and crash feature thing.
In certain ship collision experiment, the gross mass of experiment ship model is 66kg, has tested altogether 16 kinds of friction speedsThe size of impact force in lower experiment ship model and test specimen collision process, as shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7.
Although at length disclose the present invention with reference to accompanying drawing, it should be understood that these descriptions are only exemplary,Not be used for limiting application of the present invention. Protection scope of the present invention is limited by accessory claim, and can be included in notDepart from various modification, remodeling and the equivalents in the situation of protection domain of the present invention and spirit, done for invention.

Claims (5)

1. a pond boats and ships collision experiment system, comprises forward traction guider, draw hook (8), and course is steadyDetermine mechanism and reversal tension gear (15), it is characterized in that:
Forward traction guider is arranged on guide rail (7) head end, and it comprises fixed mount (2), haulage cable on the bank(3), hoist engine (4) and movable stand (5); Wherein, fixed mount (2) is fixed on the both sides in pond on the bank, on the bankFixed mount (2) is provided with hoist engine (4), and the two ends of movable stand (5) are provided with fairlead (6), steel wire rope (3)Through fairlead (6), hoist engine (4) and movable stand (5) are linked together;
Draw hook (8) is arranged on the midpoint of movable stand (5), and draw hook (8) keeps level, ship model (9)Front end leading truck (22) be stuck in draw hook (8), when forward draw-gear traction ship model (9) travels forward,Ship model (9) and movable stand (5) are connected into entirety by draw hook (8), and ship model (9) can be along with movable stand (5)Together to preacceleration; Close forward draw-gear and open reversal tension gear movable stand (5) is reduced speed now untilWhen stop motion, the horizontal forward motion of the leading truck of ship model (22) also separates with draw hook (8);
Course-keeping mechanism is arranged on the afterbody of ship model, and course-keeping mechanism comprises fork configuration (24), ship model afterbodyAn afterbody straight-bar (17) is straight up set, accelerates in navigation process ship model afterbody straight-bar (17) at ship modelBe inserted in the fork configuration (24) of " L " type bar; Afterbody straight-bar (17) is lower than the position height of draw hook (8),In the time that movable stand (5) departs from ship model (9), afterbody straight-bar (17) does not affect ship model (9) and moves forward;
Reversal tension gear (15) is arranged on the tail end of pond guide rail, for right after experiment ship model has acceleratedMovable stand (5) slows down.
2. pond according to claim 1 boats and ships collision experiment system, is characterized in that: ship model (9) is leadingUnder leading-in device effect, reach after preset speed values by linear accelerating, movable stand (5) slows down, and ship model (9) is with mobileFrame (5) departs from and bumps against with the crash feature thing in front.
3. pond according to claim 1 boats and ships collision experiment system, is characterized in that: movable stand (5) peaceBe contained on the guide rail (7) on both sides, pond, make movable stand (5) along guide rail (7) by the running of hoist engine (4)Carry out accelerated motion; Movable stand (5) two ends and guide rail (7) junction are provided with roller, and movable stand (5) is leadingUnder the effect of gravitation, can move along guide rail (7) direction; Steel wire between hoist engine (4) and movable stand (5)Rope (3) is parallel with guide rail line.
4. pond according to claim 1 boats and ships collision experiment system, is characterized in that: at guide rail (7) headEnd distance fixed mount a distance on the bank, is provided with the optoelectronic switch (14) of surveying movable stand, optoelectronic switch (14)Be connected in the circuit loop of forward draw-gear, when arriving optoelectronic switch (14) under the traction of movable stand at hoist enginePosition time, the power-off at once of forward draw-gear circuit loop, simultaneously reversal tension gear is started working, nowMovable stand slows down until stop.
5. an application rights requires pond boats and ships collision experiment system described in 1 to carry out the method for collision experiment: its spyLevy and be to comprise the steps:
Step 1, bow and hull assembly connection that will experiment ship model and install and measure collision between bow and hullThe pressure sensor of power;
When step 2, experiment, first experiment ship model is connected with draw hook and the course-stability device of movable stand, will be realTesting impingement plate is fixedly mounted between clamping mechanism;
Dynamic response data sampling sensor after step 3, installation experiment impingement plate, and set up height on both sides, pondSpeed photographic apparatus catches collision experiment process;
Ship model is accelerated to predetermined speed by step 4, startup forward draw-gear;
Step 5, when model speed reaches after predetermined value, forward draw-gear quits work, simultaneously reversal tension gearStart working movable stand slowed down until stop, now ship model under the effect of inertia with draw hook and course-keeping mechanismSeparate;
Step 6, ship model travel forward with certain velocity amplitude and complete collision process, GPS speed with experiment impingement plateMeasuring instrument obtains the collision model speed value of beginning moment;
The Various types of data pick-up transducers at step 7, the experiment impingement plate back side is recorded the experiment number in whole collision processAccording to, high-speed camera catches the whole collision experiment process that records simultaneously, the pressure between bow and the hull of experiment ship modelSensor measurement is recorded current impact force time history data.
CN201410260352.0A 2014-06-12 2014-06-12 Pond boats and ships collision experiment system and collision experiment method Active CN104006943B (en)

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CN107607282A (en) * 2017-08-18 2018-01-19 浙江海洋大学 Tanker oceangoing ship collision experiment device and its experimental method
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