CN109140866B - Vacuum precooling device using Knudsen pump - Google Patents
Vacuum precooling device using Knudsen pump Download PDFInfo
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- CN109140866B CN109140866B CN201810790617.6A CN201810790617A CN109140866B CN 109140866 B CN109140866 B CN 109140866B CN 201810790617 A CN201810790617 A CN 201810790617A CN 109140866 B CN109140866 B CN 109140866B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010025899 gelatin film Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2201/00—Insulation
- F25D2201/10—Insulation with respect to heat
Abstract
The invention discloses a vacuum precooling device using a Knudsen pump, which comprises: a vacuum pre-cooling box; the condenser tank is connected with the vacuum precooling tank; a first Knudsen pump device connected to the condenser tank; a second Knudsen pump device connected to the evaporator in the condenser tank; a cooling heat exchanger connected to the second Knudsen pump device; a first three-way valve connected with the condensing tank; and the second three-way valve is connected with the first Knudsen pump device and the second Knudsen pump device, the first three-way valve respectively conveys the low-temperature water in the condensation box to the first Knudsen pump device and the second Knudsen pump device, and part of the low-temperature water is discharged outside the environment through the second three-way valve, and the other part of the low-temperature water is conveyed back into the condensation box. The first Knudsen pump device and the second Knudsen pump device can be directly driven by low-grade heat energy, are environment-friendly and energy-saving, have simple structures, do not have moving parts, and reduce the initial investment and the operation and maintenance cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vacuum precooling, in particular to a vacuum precooling device using a Knudsen pump.
Background
With the continuous improvement of living standard, the requirements of people on food quality are higher and higher, the freshness is an important index of the food quality, and the vacuum precooling technology appearing in recent years is a method capable of effectively keeping the freshness of the food. Compared with other storage modes, the vacuum precooling method has the advantages of long fresh-keeping time, extremely fast cooling time, good maintenance of the original sense and quality of the food, inhibition or killing of bacteria and microorganisms, thin-layer drying effect, capability of prolonging the shelf life of the food and the like.
However, the currently used vacuum precoolers have two main problems:
the structure of the vacuum precooler 1 is complex, the assembly is difficult, and the initial investment and the operation and maintenance cost are high.
The vacuum precooler 2 almost adopts a vapor compression type refrigeration mode, needs to consume a large amount of high-grade electric energy or mechanical energy during operation, uses HCFCs or HFCs which are harmful to the environment as a refrigerant, and cannot meet the development requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction at present.
In view of the problems of the existing vacuum precoolers, the design of the vacuum precooling equipment which can be driven by low-grade heat energy, has low manufacturing cost, uses an environment-friendly refrigerant and has a relatively simple structure has practical significance, and therefore, the vacuum precooling device using the Knudsen pump is provided. The vacuum pump and the compressor of the vacuum precooling device are both replaced by the Knudsen pump, so that the vacuum precooling device can be directly driven by low-grade heat energy, has a simple structure and does not have moving parts, and has great advantages in the aspects of initial investment and operation maintenance.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vacuum precooling device using a Knudsen pump, so as to overcome the defects that the existing vacuum precooler is complex in structure, a refrigerant is harmful to the environment, the initial investment and the operation and maintenance cost are high, and a large amount of high-grade electric energy is consumed during the operation of the vacuum precooler.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a vacuum precooling apparatus using a Knudsen pump, comprising: a vacuum pre-cooling box; the gas inlet of the condensing box is connected with the outlet of the vacuum pre-cooling box; the inlet of a gas inlet pipe of the first Knudsen pump device is connected with the gas outlet of the condensation tank, the first outlet of a gas outlet pipe of the first Knudsen pump device is connected with the exhaust port, the second outlet of the gas outlet pipe of the first Knudsen pump device is connected with the inlet of the vacuum pre-cooling tank, and the second outlet of the gas outlet pipe of the first Knudsen pump device is provided with a vacuum valve; the inlet of a gas inlet pipe of the second Knudsen pump device is connected with the outlet of a finned pipe of the evaporator in the condensation box; the inlet of a cooling channel of the cooling heat exchanger is connected with the outlet of the gas outlet pipe of the second Knudsen pump device, the outlet of the cooling channel of the cooling heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the finned pipe of the evaporator, and the inlet of the finned pipe of the evaporator is provided with a throttling mechanism; the inlet of the first three-way valve is connected with the low-temperature water outlet of the condensation tank, the first outlet of the first three-way valve is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature water inlet pipe of the first Knudsen pump device, and the second outlet of the first three-way valve is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature water inlet pipe of the second Knudsen pump device; and the inlet of the second three-way valve is respectively connected with the outlet of the low-temperature water outlet pipe of the first Knudsen pump device and the outlet of the low-temperature water outlet pipe of the second Knudsen pump device, the first outlet of the second three-way valve is connected with the water outlet, the second outlet of the second three-way valve is connected with the low-temperature water inlet of the condensation box, and the second outlet of the second three-way valve is provided with an adjusting valve.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the apparatus further includes a first filter, an inlet of the first filter is connected to the gas outlet of the condensation tank, and an outlet of the first filter is connected to an inlet of the gas inlet pipe of the first knoson pump device.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the apparatus further includes a second filter, an inlet of the second filter is connected to an outlet of the fin tube of the evaporator, and an outlet of the second filter is connected to an inlet of the gas inlet tube of the second knoson pump device.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the condenser further includes a third filter, an inlet of the third filter is connected to the low-temperature water outlet of the condenser tank through a guide pipe, and an outlet of the third filter is connected to an inlet of the first three-way valve.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the cooling heat exchanger further includes a storage chamber, an inlet of the storage chamber is connected to an outlet of the cooling channel of the cooling heat exchanger, and an outlet of the storage chamber is connected to an inlet of the finned tube of the evaporator.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the throttle mechanism is a throttle valve.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the refrigerant in the finned tube of the evaporator is water, ammonia, or ethanol.
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the vacuum pre-cooling tank and the condensing tank are both provided with heat insulating layers.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the first Knudsen pump device can replace a conventional vacuum pump to vacuumize the vacuum pre-cooling box, the second Knudsen pump device can replace a conventional compressor to drive the movement of a refrigerant in the evaporator and keep the low-temperature state in the condensing box, and the first Knudsen pump device and the second Knudsen pump device can be directly driven by low-grade heat energy, so that the novel refrigeration system is environment-friendly and energy-saving, has a simple structure, does not have moving parts, and reduces the initial investment and the operation and maintenance cost; the vapor evaporated from the food in the vacuum pre-cooling box enters the condensing box, and the vapor is condensed and liquefied in the condensing box to form low-temperature water which can be recycled, so that the energy consumption is further reduced.
2. The vacuum precooling device adopts the working media of water, ammonia or ethanol and the like which are harmless to the environment, and avoids using HCFCs or HFCs refrigerant which is harmful to the environment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vacuum pre-cooling apparatus using a knoop pump according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a single knudsen pump according to the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a first or second knudsen pump device according to the present invention.
Description of the main reference numerals:
1-vacuum pre-cooling box; 2-connecting pipe; 3-a condenser box; 4-a first filter; 5-a first Knudsen pump device; 6-an exhaust port; 7-a vacuum valve; 8-a second filter; 9-a second Knudsen pump device; 10-cooling the heat exchanger; 11-a storage chamber; 12-a throttling mechanism; 13-an evaporator; 14-a third filter; 15-a first three-way valve; 16-a low-temperature water inlet pipe; 17-a low-temperature water outlet pipe; 18-a second three-way valve; 19-a regulating valve; 20-a draft tube; 21-inlet tubes for heat transfer medium; 22-heat carrier outlet pipe; 23-a heat insulating layer; 24-a base body; 25-a cold chamber heat exchanger; 26-temperature detection means; 27-a cold chamber; 28-a porous barrier; 29-a thermal cavity heat exchanger; 30-a thermal chamber; 31-heat carrier medium channel; 32-connecting channels; a 33-Knudsen pump; 34-a low temperature water channel; 35-heat preservation sleeve; 36-a gas inlet tube; 37-a gas delivery pipe; 38-Knudsen pump group.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or component but not the exclusion of any other element or component.
Fig. 1 to 3 show schematic structural diagrams of a vacuum precooling apparatus using a knoson pump according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which includes a vacuum precooling tank 1, a condensing tank 3, a first knoson pump apparatus 5, a second knoson pump apparatus 9, a cooling heat exchanger 10, a first three-way valve 15, and a second three-way valve 18. Referring to fig. 1, a vacuum pre-cooling box 1 is used for placing and treating food, a gas inlet of a condensing box 3 is connected with an outlet of the vacuum pre-cooling box 1 through a connecting pipe 2, a first knudsen pump device 5 is connected with a gas outlet of the condensing box 3 through a gas inlet pipe 36, the vacuum pre-cooling box 1 is continuously pumped by the first knudsen pump device 5 to continuously reduce the internal pressure of the vacuum pre-cooling box, moisture in the food is continuously and rapidly evaporated due to the fact that the boiling point of water is reduced along with the reduction of the atmospheric pressure, the food is cooled due to the fact that the moisture evaporates and absorbs the heat of the food, both the air in the vacuum pre-cooling box 1 and the water vapor evaporated from the food can flow into the condensing box 3 through the connecting pipe 2, the water vapor is condensed into low-temperature liquid water in the condensing box 3 to be separated, and the rest air is pumped away by the first knudsen pump device.
With reference to fig. 2 and 3, the first knudsen pump device 5 comprises at least one set of knudsen pump sets 38, each set of knudsen pump sets 38 comprising a substrate body 24 and at least one knudsen pump 33, the substrate body 24 being provided with a main inlet and a main outlet. Each knudsen pump 33 comprises a cold chamber 27, a hot chamber 30, a porous barrier 28 and a connecting channel 32, the cold chamber 27 and the hot chamber 30 are separated by the porous barrier 28, and the pore size of pores on the porous barrier 28 is not larger than the molecular mean free path of air. The porous partition layer 28 is a porous film, which may be a porous silica gel film, and the edge of the porous film is sealed in the base platform body 24 by a sealing ring. Since the pore diameter of the pores on the porous partition 28 is not larger than the molecular mean free path of air, when the temperature of the hot chamber 30 is higher than the temperature of the cold chamber 27 to satisfy the condition of generating the heat runaway effect, the molecules of air entering the cold chamber 27 flow into the hot chamber 30 through the porous partition 28, and the pressure is increased due to the accumulation of the air molecules in the hot chamber 30, so that the air flows from the low pressure state to the high pressure state, that is, the hot chamber 30 vacuumizes the cold chamber 27. When the number of the Knudsen pumps 33 of each Knudsen pump group 38 is one, the inlet of the cold cavity 27 is connected with the main inlet of the base table body 24 through the connecting channel 32, and the outlet of the hot cavity 30 is connected with the main outlet of the base table body 24 through the connecting channel 32; when the number of the knudsen pumps 33 of each knudsen pump group 38 is two or more, all the knudsen pumps 33 are sequentially and serially arranged in the base table body 24 in a manner that the outlet of the hot cavity 30 of the previous knudsen pump 33 is connected with the inlet of the cold cavity 27 of the next knudsen pump 33 through the connecting channel 32, the inlet of the cold cavity 27 of the first knudsen pump 33 is connected with the main inlet of the base table body 24, the outlet of the hot cavity 30 of the last knudsen pump 33 is connected with the main outlet of the base table body 24, and when air sequentially passes through all the knudsen pumps 33 which are serially connected, the air pressure is continuously increased. When the number of the knudsen pumps 33 in each knudsen pump group 38 is not large, the knudsen pumps 33 in each group can be connected in series linearly from front to back, and when the number of the knudsen pumps 33 in each group of the knudsen pump groups 38 is large, the knudsen pumps 33 can be distributed in a plurality of rows in parallel in the base platform body 24, and at the moment, the knudsen compressors in two adjacent rows are separated by a heat insulation partition layer. Each knudsen pump set 38 is provided with a heat carrying medium channel 31, and the surface of the heat carrying medium channel 31 is wrapped by a heat insulation sleeve 35 so as to reduce the heat loss of the channel; each knudsen pump set 38 is provided with a low-temperature water channel 34, and the surface of the low-temperature water channel 34 is wrapped by a heat-insulating sleeve 35 so as to reduce the cold loss of the channel. In order to reduce the heat exchange between the cold cavity 27 and the hot cavity 30 of each knudsen pump set 38 and the outside, the heat insulation layer 23 is arranged on the outer surface of the base body 24 of each knudsen pump set 38, so that the loss of cold energy in the cold cavity 27 is reduced, and the loss of heat in the hot cavity 30 is reduced. A temperature detection device 26 is arranged in the hot cavity 30 of each knudsen pump 33 of each group of knudsen pump sets 38 to detect the temperature in the hot cavity 30, and a temperature detection device 26 is arranged in the cold cavity 27 of each knudsen pump 33 of each group of knudsen pump sets 38 to detect the temperature in the cold cavity 27, so that the temperature difference between the hot cavity 30 and the cold cavity 27 of each knudsen pump 33 of each group of knudsen pump sets 38 can be known. Each thermal cavity 30 of each knudsen pump 33 of each knudsen pump group 38 is internally provided with a thermal cavity heat exchanger 29, all the thermal cavity heat exchangers 29 are sequentially connected in series in a way that the outlet of the thermal flow pipeline of the previous thermal cavity heat exchanger 29 is connected with the inlet of the thermal flow pipeline of the next thermal cavity heat exchanger 29 through a heat carrying medium channel 31, the inlet of the thermal flow pipeline of the first thermal cavity heat exchanger 29 is connected with the outlet of the first heat carrying medium channel 31, and the outlet of the thermal flow pipeline of the last thermal cavity heat exchanger 29 is connected with the inlet of the last heat carrying medium channel 31, so that thermal fluid sequentially flows through the thermal flow pipelines of the thermal cavity heat exchangers 29 through the heat carrying medium channels 31; the cold chambers 27 of the Knudsen pumps 33 of each group of Knudsen pump sets 38 are respectively provided with one cold chamber heat exchanger 25, all the cold chamber heat exchangers 25 are sequentially connected in series in a mode that the outlet of the cold flow pipeline of the previous cold chamber heat exchanger 25 is connected with the inlet of the cold flow pipeline of the next cold chamber heat exchanger 25 through a low-temperature water channel 34, the inlet of the cold flow pipeline of the first cold chamber heat exchanger 25 is connected with the outlet of the first low-temperature water channel 34, and the outlet of the cold flow pipeline of the last cold chamber heat exchanger 25 is connected with the inlet of the last low-temperature water channel 34, so that low-temperature water sequentially flows through the cold flow pipelines of the cold chamber heat exchangers 25 through the low-temperature water channels 34. Since the greater the number of the knudsen pumps 33 in series in the knudsen pump packs 38, the greater the suction capacity of the knudsen pump packs 38 and the greater the vacuum level that can be achieved by the vacuum pre-cooling box 1, the number of knudsen pumps 33 in each set of knudsen pump packs 38 of the first knudsen pump device 5 is determined according to the vacuum level required by the vacuum pre-cooling box 1.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, when the number of knudsen pump groups 38 of the first knudsen pump device 5 is two or more, these knudsen pump groups 38 are connected in parallel to the gas introduction pipe 36, that is, the main inlet of the base body 24 of each knudsen pump group 38 is connected to the outlet of the gas introduction pipe 36; and these knudsen pump sets 38 are connected in parallel with the gas delivery pipe 37, that is, the main outlet of the base body 24 of each knudsen pump set 38 is connected with the inlet of the gas delivery pipe 37. The number of knudsen pump groups 38 of the first knudsen pump device 5 can be determined according to the required exhaust gas volume of the system. An inlet of the gas inlet pipe 36 of the first knudsen pump device 5 is connected with a gas outlet of the condensation tank 3, a first outlet of the gas outlet pipe 37 of the first knudsen pump device 5 is connected with the exhaust port 6, a second outlet of the gas outlet pipe 37 of the first knudsen pump device 5 is connected with an inlet of the vacuum pre-cooling tank 1, and a vacuum valve 7 is arranged at a second outlet of the gas outlet pipe 37 of the first knudsen pump device 5 to adjust the vacuum degree of the vacuum pre-cooling tank 1. The air and the water vapor evaporated from the food in the vacuum pre-cooling box 1 enter the condensation box 3 through the connecting pipe 2, after the water vapor in the condensation box 3 is separated, the remaining air is sucked into each group of Knudsen pump sets 38 of the first Knudsen pump device 5 through the air inlet pipe 36, and the air from each group of Knudsen pump sets 38 is converged and flows into the air outlet pipe 37 and then is divided into two branches: the first branch is connected with the exhaust port 6, and the air is exhausted to the external environment, so that the purposes of air extraction and pressure reduction are achieved, the pressure of the vacuum pre-cooling box 1 is reduced, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum pre-cooling box 1 is improved; the second branch flows into the vacuum pre-cooling box 1, the pressure of the vacuum pre-cooling box 1 is increased, and the pressure of the vacuum pre-cooling box 1 is adjusted through air suction and air inlet together, so that the vacuum pre-cooling box 1 can reach and maintain the required vacuum degree, and the requirement of processing food in the vacuum pre-cooling box 1 is met. Preferably, the vacuum pre-cooling box 1 and the condensation box 3 are both provided with heat insulation layers, because the temperature of the condensation box 3 is lower and needs to be kept in a set range, and the temperature of the vacuum pre-cooling box 1 also needs to be kept in a set range, the vacuum pre-cooling box 1, the condensation box 3 and the connecting pipe 2 connecting the vacuum pre-cooling box 1 and the condensation box 3 all need to have a heat insulation effect, and therefore, the heat insulation layers are arranged on the outer surface of the vacuum pre-cooling box 1, the outer surface of the condensation box 3 and the outer surface of the connecting pipe 2.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, air and water vapor entering the condensation tank 3 from the vacuum pre-cooling tank 1 exchange heat with refrigerant in the fin tubes of the evaporator 13 in the condensation tank 3, the refrigerant absorbs heat of the air and the water vapor and is gasified, the temperature of the air is lowered and the water vapor is condensed to form low-temperature water. The refrigerant of the finned tubes of the evaporator 13 is delivered to the second knudsen pump devices 9 through the gas inlet tube 36, the second knudsen pump devices 9 comprise at least one set of knudsen pump sets 38, and the structure of each set of knudsen pump sets 38 of the second knudsen pump devices 9 is consistent with the structure of each set of knudsen pump sets 38 of the first knudsen pump devices 5, wherein the pore size of the pores on the porous partition layer 28 of the knudsen pumps 33 of each set of knudsen pump sets 38 of the second knudsen pump devices 9 is not larger than the molecular mean free path of the gaseous refrigerant. When the number of knudsen pump groups 38 of the second knudsen pump device 9 is two or more, these knudsen pump groups 38 are connected in parallel with the gas introduction pipe 36, that is, the main inlet of the base body 24 of each knudsen pump group 38 is connected with the outlet of the gas introduction pipe 36; and these knudsen pump sets 38 are connected in parallel with the gas delivery pipe 37, that is, the main outlet of the base body 24 of each knudsen pump set 38 is connected with the inlet of the gas delivery pipe 37. The inlet of the gas inlet tube 36 of the second knudsen pump device 9 is connected to the outlet of the finned tube of the evaporator 13 in the condensation tank 3; so that the refrigerant in the evaporator 13 is fed through the gas introduction pipe 36 to each group of knudsen pump groups 38 of the second knudsen pump device 9. Since the knudsen pumps 33 can increase the compression ratio through multi-stage series connection to enable the refrigerant to obtain higher pressure, the second knudsen pump device 9 can replace a traditional compressor, so that the number of the series-connected knudsen pumps 33 in each group of knudsen pump groups 38 can be determined according to the compression ratio required by the system, and the number of the parallel-connected knudsen pump groups 38 in the second knudsen pump device 9 can be determined according to the refrigerating capacity of the system. The inlet of the cooling channel of the cooling heat exchanger 10 is connected to the outlet of the gas outlet line 37 of the second knudsen pump device 9, the outlet of the cooling channel of the cooling heat exchanger 10 is connected to the inlet of the finned tube of the evaporator 13, and the inlet of the finned tube of the evaporator 13 is provided with a throttle mechanism 12. Preferably, the throttling mechanism 12 is a throttle valve to cool and depressurize the refrigerant. Gaseous refrigerant coming out of each knudsen pump set 38 of the second knudsen pump device 9 is converged and flows into the gas outlet pipe 37 and is conveyed to the cooling channel of the cooling heat exchanger 10 through the gas outlet pipe 37, the low-temperature channel of the cooling heat exchanger 10 is connected with an external cold source, cooling medium from the external cold source flows through the low-temperature channel of the cooling heat exchanger 10 to exchange heat with the gaseous refrigerant in the cooling channel of the cooling heat exchanger 10, heat absorbed by the refrigerant from air and water vapor is released to the external environment, the gaseous refrigerant is reduced in temperature due to heat release to form liquid refrigerant, and then the liquid refrigerant is conveyed back to the fin tube of the evaporator 13, and the circulation is carried out. Preferably, the refrigerant in the evaporator 13 is a working medium harmless to the environment, such as water, ammonia or ethanol, the liquid refrigerant exchanges heat with air and water vapor in the condenser tank 3 in the finned tube of the evaporator 13, the liquid refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates to become a gaseous refrigerant, the gaseous refrigerant is pressurized and heated by the second knudsen pump device 9 to form a high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant absorbs heat of the air and the water vapor through the cooling heat exchanger 10 and releases the heat to the external environment to form a high-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant, the high-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant is throttled, cooled and depressurized by the throttle valve to become a low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant and is conveyed to the finned tube of the evaporator 13, so as to exchange heat with the air and the water vapor in the condensation box 3, keep the low temperature state of the condensation box 3 and condense the water vapor therein to form low temperature water, and the cycle is performed.
With reference to fig. 3, the inlet of the first heat carrier medium channel 31 of each group of knudsen pump groups 38 of the first knudsen pump device 5 is connected to the heat carrier medium inlet pipe 21, and the outlet of the last heat carrier medium channel 31 of each group of knudsen pump groups 38 of the first knudsen pump device 5 is connected to the heat carrier medium outlet pipe 22; the inlet of the first low-temperature water channel 34 of each knudsen pump group 38 of the first knudsen pump device 5 is connected with the outlet of the low-temperature water inlet pipe 16, and the outlet of the last low-temperature water channel 34 of each knudsen pump group 38 of the first knudsen pump device 5 is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature water outlet pipe 17. The inlet of the first heat carrier medium channel 31 of each group of knudsen pump groups 38 of the second knudsen pump device 9 is connected with the heat carrier medium inlet pipe 21, and the outlet of the last heat carrier medium channel 31 of each group of knudsen pump groups 38 of the second knudsen pump device 9 is connected with the heat carrier medium outlet pipe 22; the inlet of the first low-temperature water channel 34 of each knudsen pump set 38 of the second knudsen pump device 9 is connected with the outlet of the low-temperature water inlet pipe 16, and the outlet of the last low-temperature water channel 34 of each knudsen pump set 38 of the second knudsen pump device 9 is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature water outlet pipe 17.
Referring to fig. 1, water vapor evaporated from air and food in the vacuum pre-cooling chamber 1 flows into the condensation chamber 3 and exchanges heat with refrigerant in the fin tubes of the evaporator 13 in the condensation chamber 3 to lower the temperature in the condensation chamber 3 and condense the water vapor therein to form low temperature water. The import of first three-way valve 15 and the low temperature water exit linkage of condensing box 3, because the low temperature water in the condensing box 3 mainly is located the bottom of condensing box 3, consequently the low temperature water export of condensing box 3 sets up in the bottom of condensing box 3, the first export of first three-way valve 15 and the inlet connection of the low temperature water inlet tube 16 of first knudsen pump device 5, and the second export of first three-way valve 15 and the inlet connection of the low temperature water inlet tube 16 of second knudsen pump device 9. The low-temperature water flows into the first three-way valve 15 and then is divided into two branches: the first branch flows through the low-temperature water channel 34 of each knudsen pump set 38 of the first knudsen pump device 5, and low-temperature water is conveyed to each cold cavity heat exchanger 25 to cool each cold cavity 27, so that the low-temperature state of the cold cavity 27 is maintained; the second branch flows through the low-temperature water channels 34 of each knudsen pump group 38 of the second knudsen pump device 9, and low-temperature water is conveyed to each cold chamber heat exchanger 25 to cool each cold chamber 27, so that the low-temperature state of the cold chamber 27 is maintained. Each cold chamber 27 is cooled to maintain a suitable temperature differential between the cold chamber 27 and the hot chamber 30, increasing the driving force and producing a more pronounced thermal runaway effect. An inlet of the second three-way valve 18 is respectively connected with an outlet of the low-temperature water outlet pipe 17 of the first Knudsen pump device 5 and an outlet of the low-temperature water outlet pipe 17 of the second Knudsen pump device 9, a first outlet of the second three-way valve 18 is connected with a water outlet, a second outlet of the second three-way valve 18 is connected with a low-temperature water inlet of the condensing tank 3, and a second outlet of the second three-way valve 18 is provided with an adjusting valve 19 so as to adjust the flow of low-temperature water flowing into the condensing tank 3. The low-temperature water from the first knudsen pump device 5 and the second knudsen pump device 9 is merged and flows into the second three-way valve 18 and then is divided into two branches: the first branch is connected with the water outlet, and part of low-temperature water is directly discharged to the external environment; the second substream flows back to the condenser tank 3, and part of the low-temperature water is recycled and enters the next cycle.
With continued reference to fig. 1, it is further preferred that the vacuum pre-cooling apparatus further comprises a first filter 4, an inlet of the first filter 4 is connected to the gas outlet of the condenser tank 3, and an outlet of the first filter 4 is connected to an inlet of the gas inlet pipe 36 of the first knudsen pump device 5. The first filter 4 is used for filtering impurities in the air, preventing the impurities from blocking the porous partition 28 of each knudsen pump 33 of the first knudsen pump device 5, and ensuring that the first knudsen pump device 5 can normally operate.
With continued reference to fig. 1, it is further preferred that the vacuum pre-cooling apparatus further comprises a second filter 8, an inlet of the second filter 8 is connected to an outlet of the finned tube of the evaporator 13, and an outlet of the second filter 8 is connected to an inlet of the gas inlet tube 36 of the second knudsen pump device 9. The second filter 8 is used for filtering impurities in the refrigerant, preventing the impurities from blocking the porous partition 28 of each knudsen pump 33 of the second knudsen pump device 9, and ensuring that the second knudsen pump device 9 can normally operate.
With continued reference to fig. 1, it is further preferred that the vacuum pre-cooling apparatus further comprises a third filter 14, an inlet of the third filter 14 is connected to the low-temperature water outlet of the condensation tank 3 through a flow guide pipe 20, and an outlet of the third filter 14 is connected to an inlet of the first three-way valve 15. The low-temperature water outlet at the bottom of the condensing box 3 is connected with the inlet of the draft tube 20, the outlet of the draft tube 20 is connected with the inlet of the third filter 14, and the draft tube 20 is used for guiding and collecting and utilizing the low-temperature water in the condensing box 3. The third filter 14 is used for filtering impurities in the low-temperature water, and preventing the impurities from blocking the low-temperature water channels 34 of the two knudsen pump devices and cold flow pipelines of the cold chamber heat exchangers 25 connected with the low-temperature water channels 34 so as to maintain the low-temperature state of the cold chamber 27, and therefore the first knudsen pump device 5 and the second knudsen pump device 9 can normally operate.
With continued reference to fig. 1, it is further preferred that the vacuum pre-cooling apparatus further comprises a storage chamber 11, an inlet of the storage chamber 11 is connected with an outlet of the cooling channel of the cooling heat exchanger 10, and an outlet of the storage chamber 11 is connected with an inlet of the finned tube of the evaporator 13. The high-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant from the cooling heat exchanger 10 flows into the storage chamber 11 and accumulates therein, so that the performance of the device is prevented from being adversely affected by the fluctuation of the refrigerant flow.
The heat carrier inlet pipe 21 of the first knudsen pump device 5 and the heat carrier inlet pipe 21 of the second knudsen pump device 9 of the present invention are both connected to an external heat source. The hot fluid of the external heat source respectively flows through the heat carrying medium channel 31 of each knudsen pump set 38 of the first knudsen pump device 5 and the heat carrying medium channel 31 of each knudsen pump set 38 of the second knudsen pump device 9, the hot fluid is conveyed to each heat cavity heat exchanger 29 to heat each heat cavity 30, the high-temperature state in each heat cavity 30 is kept, and the hot fluid subjected to heat exchange flows out from the corresponding heat carrying medium outlet pipe 22. Wherein the heating of the hot chamber 30 is to more effectively create and maintain a suitable temperature differential between the hot chamber 30 and the cold chamber 27 to ensure a more pronounced thermal runaway effect. The hot fluid of the external heat source can be gas or liquid heated by low-grade heat energy such as waste heat generated by industry, solar energy or geothermal energy, and the like, and the energy-saving and environment-friendly energy-saving heat pump does not need to consume excessive high-grade energy. The vacuum precooling device has a simple structure, the whole device does not need to consume excessive high-grade energy, the operation is reliable, the refrigeration efficiency and the vacuumizing efficiency of the whole device are higher, and the refrigeration capacity and the vacuumizing performance of the device can be adjusted according to actual requirements.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A vacuum pre-cooling apparatus using a knoop pump, comprising:
a vacuum pre-cooling box (1);
a condensing tank (3) with a gas inlet connected with an outlet of the vacuum pre-cooling tank (1);
a first Knudsen pump device (5), wherein an inlet of a gas inlet pipe (36) of the first Knudsen pump device is connected with a gas outlet of the condensation box (3), a first outlet of a gas outlet pipe (37) of the first Knudsen pump device (5) is connected with an exhaust port (6), a second outlet of the gas outlet pipe (37) of the first Knudsen pump device (5) is connected with an inlet of the vacuum pre-cooling box (1), and a second outlet of the gas outlet pipe (37) of the first Knudsen pump device (5) is provided with a vacuum valve (7);
a second Knudsen pump device (9) with an inlet of a gas inlet pipe (36) connected to an outlet of a finned tube of an evaporator (13) in the condenser tank (3);
a cooling heat exchanger (10) whose inlet of the cooling channel is connected to the outlet of the gas outlet line (37) of the second Knudsen pump device (9), whose outlet of the cooling channel of the cooling heat exchanger (10) is connected to the inlet of the finned tube of the evaporator (13), and whose inlet of the finned tube of the evaporator (13) is provided with a throttle mechanism (12);
a first three-way valve (15), the inlet of which is connected with the low-temperature water outlet of the condensation tank (3), the first outlet of the first three-way valve (15) is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature water inlet pipe (16) of the first Knudsen pump device (5), and the second outlet of the first three-way valve (15) is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature water inlet pipe (16) of the second Knudsen pump device (9); and
and the inlet of the second three-way valve (18) is respectively connected with the outlet of the low-temperature water outlet pipe (17) of the first Knudsen pump device (5) and the outlet of the low-temperature water outlet pipe (17) of the second Knudsen pump device (9), the first outlet of the second three-way valve (18) is connected with the water outlet, the second outlet of the second three-way valve (18) is connected with the low-temperature water inlet of the condensation tank (3), and the second outlet of the second three-way valve (18) is provided with an adjusting valve (19).
2. A vacuum pre-cooling device using a knoop pump according to claim 1, further comprising a first filter (4), wherein an inlet of the first filter (4) is connected with a gas outlet of the condensation tank (3), and an outlet of the first filter (4) is connected with an inlet of a gas inlet pipe (36) of the first knoop pump device (5).
3. A vacuum pre-cooling device using a knoson pump according to claim 1, further comprising a second filter (8), wherein an inlet of the second filter (8) is connected with an outlet of a fin tube of the evaporator (13), and an outlet of the second filter (8) is connected with an inlet of a gas inlet tube (36) of the second knoson pump device (9).
4. A vacuum pre-cooling device using a knoson pump according to claim 1, further comprising a third filter (14), wherein an inlet of the third filter (14) is connected with a low-temperature water outlet of the condensation tank (3) through a flow guide pipe (20), and an outlet of the third filter (14) is connected with an inlet of the first three-way valve (15).
5. A vacuum pre-cooling device using a knoson pump according to claim 1, further comprising a storage chamber (11), wherein an inlet of the storage chamber (11) is connected with an outlet of the cooling channel of the cooling heat exchanger (10), and an outlet of the storage chamber (11) is connected with an inlet of the finned tube of the evaporator (13).
6. The vacuum precooling apparatus using a Knudsen pump according to claim 1, wherein the throttle mechanism (12) is a throttle valve.
7. The vacuum precooling apparatus using a Knudsen pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the refrigerant in the finned tubes of the evaporator (13) is water, ammonia or ethanol.
8. Vacuum pre-cooling device using a Knudsen pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the vacuum pre-cooling tank (1) and the condensation tank (3) are both provided with an insulating layer.
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| CN201810790617.6A CN109140866B (en) | 2018-07-18 | 2018-07-18 | Vacuum precooling device using Knudsen pump |
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| CN201810790617.6A CN109140866B (en) | 2018-07-18 | 2018-07-18 | Vacuum precooling device using Knudsen pump |
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