CN109130156B - 用于拉伸膜织物的方法 - Google Patents
用于拉伸膜织物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109130156B CN109130156B CN201810784755.3A CN201810784755A CN109130156B CN 109130156 B CN109130156 B CN 109130156B CN 201810784755 A CN201810784755 A CN 201810784755A CN 109130156 B CN109130156 B CN 109130156B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于拉伸膜织物的方法。具体来说,涉及一种用于拉伸热塑性聚合物材料的起始膜织物的方法,该起始膜织物包含至少一种低熔融性聚合物组分以及至少一种高熔融性聚合物组分,该方法包含至少下列步骤:使用至少一个加热辊,加热该起始膜织物成至少部分地熔融的状态,其中该至少一种低熔融性聚合物组分以熔融液体状态的形式存在,而该至少一种高熔融性聚合物组分不是以熔融液体状态的形式存在;以及使该部分地熔融的膜织物通过冷却的辊隙而冷却下来,该膜在该至少一个加热辊以及该冷却的辊隙之间被拉伸。所产生的膜可与非织造布层压在一起。
Description
本申请是申请日为2012年8月30日、申请号为201280042620.0、发明名称为用于拉伸膜织物的方法的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于拉伸膜织物以供用于制造非常薄的膜的方法,以及用于制造非织造布-膜层压片的方法,由这些方法产生的膜织物以及非织造布-膜层压片,以及它们用于例如卫生领域等中的用途。
背景技术
在关于节约资源以及持续性的环境讨论中,在膜方面,特别是用于卫生领域中有关一次性产品的膜方面,为了节省原料,用于生产比过去更薄的膜的重要性变得越来越重要。
从EP-A-0 768 168以及EP-A-1 716 830中可知道用于制造供卫生领域用的膜的方法。在其应用领域方面,这类卫生膜需符合许多要求。他们必须是不透液的且符合某些触觉特性,诸如柔软、易曲性、低沙沙声性能以及纺织的手感。在卫生领域中,膜应具有柔软、布样的手感。特别是,当打算用于失禁的产品时,他们应当产生尽可能少的噪音,也就是说,膜应产生低沙沙声的程度。结合低光泽性,此产生卫生领域中所需要的非常像纺织品的膜。额外的因素包括,近年来,尿布以及失禁产品中所含的吸收体变得越来越薄,可以特别用超吸收性聚合物制成。这类超吸收性聚合物使用的形式是粗糙微粒状粉末,因此卫生膜必须够强,以便如当受到穿戴者坐下或其它移动的负荷时,能确实防止个别的粒子穿破膜。必须避免因超吸收性聚合物而形成穿孔("小孔")以及包装单元中完整的膜产物破裂。对于卫生膜的另外的要求在于,在制造如尿布以及卫生棉等的非常快速运转的机器(转换器)中加工膜织物时所需的最小拉伸强度。此最小拉伸强度依照在机械方向(md)或横向方向(cd)上拉伸5%、10%或25%而规定。目前,在机械方向上5%拉伸(5%模量)的拉伸强度应为至少2.5牛顿/英寸。除此之外,供卫生用途的膜应可提供至少10牛顿/英寸的纵向以及横向撕裂强度。
膜以及非织造布的层压片的用途也属现有技术。这类层压片的制造描述于WO2006/024394中,其中将具有热塑性聚合物材料的起始膜织物与起始非织造布织物结合在一起,加热至高于该聚合物材料的微晶熔点(crystallite melting point)而低于该起始非织造布织物的熔点(其的熔点高于该聚合物材料的微晶熔点),使所形成的层压片通过冷却的辊隙,然后在此过程中冷却至低于该起始膜织物的微晶熔点的温度。
在EP-A-0 768 168中,将具有热塑性聚合物材料的起始膜织物加热至该聚合物材料呈液体熔融状态,然后使其通过冷却的辊隙。EP-A-1 716 830有关一种对于包含热塑性聚合物材料的起始膜织物进行的方法,包括加热聚合物材料,然后通过冷却的辊隙,该热塑性聚合物材料包括聚乙烯基质,其中含有1至70重量份的聚丙烯(基于聚乙烯基质为100重量份)。在其中,将该起始膜织物加热至该聚乙烯基质呈液体熔融状态,但该聚丙烯没有呈液体熔融状态。其中所述的膜具有薄至15μm的厚度,其仍符合卫生膜的要求。
依照该现有技术,为了减低膜的厚度,已知可拉伸或拉长膜织物。因此,从DE 1108 420的公开说明书中已知一种用于制造热塑性膜的方法,根据该方法,在全部方向上对膜进行拉长,其中该拉长是在从微晶熔点或软化点往下至低于该点60℃的温度范围内进行。早期公开说明书DE 1 704 538有关一种单轴拉伸聚丙烯膜的方法,其中该拉伸以两个或多个连续阶段进行,同时维持特定的反应条件直到最后的延伸比为6:1。早期公开说明书DE 2 257 089描述一种单轴拉伸热塑性膜的方法,其中以规定的方式对膜施予软化加热,在拉伸工序期间,避免减少织物的宽度以及获得均一的膜。DE 600 08 145 T2有关一种用于拉伸膜,例如热塑性膜,的方法,其中使用具有驱动或非驱动夹持组件的装置。通过特别的冷却方法,在此情况下可使该夹持组件的间隔所产生的不一致最小化。
发明内容
由此,本发明的目的是,生产出比根据例如EP-A-1 716 830的方法所获得的更薄的膜,以便节省原料,且其可进一步加工成卫生产品。
依照本发明,发现含有低熔融性组分以及高熔融性组分的热塑性聚合物材料的膜,假如它们经由加热而转换成部分地熔融的状态,以致低熔融性组分而不是高熔融性组分以液体熔融状态存在,随后在冷却的辊隙中进行冷却,可惊人地大幅地被拉伸。在此方面,该拉伸在用于加热的加热辊以及该冷却的辊隙之间引起。用此方法可能获得厚度显著减少的膜。由此使得能够在稳定的制备条件下,制造出厚度分别薄至5μm或4g/m2的超薄的膜,或甚至更薄的膜,以及产生经济上具有吸引力的原料节省。令人惊讶地,加热膜织物至部分地液体熔融的状态能够产生如此大幅的拉伸。
因此,本发明涉及一种用于拉伸热塑性聚合物材料的起始材料膜织物的方法,其包含至少一种低熔融性聚合物组分以及至少一种高熔融性聚合物组分,该方法包含至少下列步骤:使用至少一个加热辊,加热该起始膜织物成至少部分地熔融的状态,其中该至少一种低熔融性聚合物组分以熔融液体状态的形式存在,而该至少一种高熔融性聚合物组分不是以熔融液体状态的形式存在,以及使该部分地熔融的膜织物通过冷却的辊隙而冷却下来,该膜织物在该至少一个加热辊以及该冷却的辊隙之间被拉伸。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,形成该冷却的辊隙的冷却辊的驱动速率比该至少一个加热辊的要快。
在本发明的另外优选的实施方案中,在该冷却的辊隙的上游提供两个辊,并以不同的速率驱动,导致该膜织物在该第一以及该第二辊之间被拉伸,以及其中两个辊中的至少第一个被设计成加热辊。在此实施方案的进一步优选的发展中,如除了该第一辊外,该第二辊还可以设定为加热辊,此外,非织造布织物可与该膜织物结合通过此第二加热辊,然后结合通过该冷却的辊隙,如此获得非织造布-膜层压片。
此外,本发明涉及一种非织造布-膜层压片,该层压片通过将依照本发明获得的膜粘着结合至非织造布而产生。
此外,本发明涉及经由所述的方法产生的膜织物以及层压片,以及其特别是于卫生或医疗领域的用途。本发明的优选实施方案将在下列说明书、附图、实施例以及附带的权利要求中得到进一步说明。
根据本发明的方法能够制造商业上以及技术上可使用的极薄的膜。例如,可在稳定的方法中制造具有厚度小于10μm,如8μm或6μm或5μm或甚至更薄,例如2μm的膜。此膜可例如联机(in-line)进一步加工成层压片,用于作为尿布的所谓具有纺织手感的背片(backsheets)(纺织品背片)。依照本发明的方法产生的膜织物的另外的优点在于,由于使用高熔融性聚合物组分,如聚丙烯,因此具有改善的热稳定性。例如,在使用膜织物作为卫生领域中的背片方面,使得如婴儿尿布或失禁制品的内部充填可以在温度140至160℃范围内通过热熔融粘着系统实施,而该薄的膜背片不会因此而部分熔融。
附图说明
图1示出了拉伸膜织物的工艺流程图。其中,图1中的1为辊,2为起始膜织物,3和4为转向辊,5为加压辊,6为加热辊,7和8为辊。
具体实施方式
在本发明的范围中,所述的熔点、熔融范围以及微晶熔点依照DSC(示差扫描热量分析仪)测得。
依照本发明,该起始膜织物含有或包含至少一种低熔融性聚合物组分以及至少一种高熔融性聚合物组分。换句话说,该起始膜织物含有一种或多种低熔融性聚合物组分以及一种或多种高熔融性聚合物组分。相同的意思适用于本发明下文中使用的术语"低熔融性聚合物组分"以及"高熔融性聚合物组分",也即,这些也包括一种或多种低熔融性或相应的高熔融性聚合物组分。优选地,该起始膜织物含有一种,或优选地两种低熔融性聚合物组分。优选地,其含有一种,更优选地两种高熔融性聚合物组分。在本发明的其它实施方案中,其优选地含有三种低熔融性聚合物组分和/或三种高熔融性聚合物组分。该起始膜织物的聚合物材料是被视为低熔融性聚合物组分还是高熔融性聚合物组分,是根据本发明的与拉伸温度相关的聚合物材料各自的微晶熔点、熔点或熔融范围而定的。在特定拉伸温度下,液体熔融聚合物材料被定义为低熔融性聚合物组分,而非液体熔融聚合物材料被定义为高熔融性聚合物组分。
众所周知,即使可以规定聚合物的结晶区具有微晶熔点,但聚合物没有清晰定义的熔点,只有熔融范围。此微晶熔点总是高于非结晶组分的熔点或熔融范围。液体熔融状态被定义为剪切模量接近零的状态。在此情形下,假使聚合物具有结晶区,则后者的存在无法被测得。该剪切模量可根据,例如,ISO 6721-1&2测得。在本发明中,该起始膜织物被加热至该低熔融性聚合物组分的剪切模量为零,而该高熔融性聚合物组分的剪切模量不为零的温度。在此阶段,无法测得任何有关该低熔融性聚合物组分的结晶区,且该低熔融性聚合物组分以其液体熔融状态存在。另一方面,仍可测得有关该高熔融性聚合物组分的结晶区,且该聚合物组分在液体熔融状态的下面。总之,该起始膜织物的整个聚合物材料的剪切模量因此不为零,且该高熔融性聚合物组分的结晶区仍可测得。据此,现在存在部分地熔融的膜织物。
原则上,所有的具有合适熔点的热塑性聚合物均可被用来作为起始膜织物的两种聚合物的组分。在此方面,许多商业产品属于可在市面购得的。优选地,可使用各种聚烯烃,特别是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯与丙烯的共聚物、乙烯与丙烯以及其它共聚单体的共聚物或其的混合物。此外,乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)、乙烯丙烯酸酯(EA)、乙烯丙烯酸乙酯(EEA)、乙烯丙烯酸(EAA)、乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯(EMA)、乙烯丙烯酸丁酯(EBA)、聚酯类(PET)、聚酰胺类(PA)如尼龙、乙烯乙烯醇(EVOH)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚氨酯(PU)或热塑性烯烃弹性体是适合的。
分别基于低熔融性以及高熔融性聚合物组分100重量%,低熔融性聚合物组分的总量优选地为90至30重量%,特别地80至40重量%,最优选地70至50重量%,而高熔融性聚合物组分的总量优选地为10至70重量%,特别地20至60重量%,最优选地30至50重量%。选择性地,基于低熔融性以及高熔融性组分100重量%,低熔融性聚合物组分的总量为85至15重量%,而高熔融性聚合物组分的总量为15至85重量%。这些定量数据适用于例如该低熔融性聚合物组分为一种或多种聚乙烯的情况,以及该高熔融性聚合物组分为一种或多种聚丙烯的情况。
在特别优选的实施方案中,该起始膜织物含有至少一种聚乙烯作为该低熔融性聚合物组分以及至少一种聚丙烯作为该高熔融性聚合物组分。
优选地,该低熔融性聚合物组分含有乙烯聚合物或由乙烯聚合物组成,其中乙烯均聚物以及以乙烯为主要单体的乙烯共聚物,以及乙烯均聚物与乙烯共聚物的混合物(共混物)均可适用。适合的乙烯均聚物是LDPE(低密度聚乙烯)、LLDPE(线性低密度聚乙烯)、MDPE(中等密度聚乙烯)以及HDPE(高密度聚乙烯)。用于乙烯共聚物的优选的共聚单体为除了乙烯之外的烯烃,但丙烯除外,如丁烯、己烯或辛烯。较佳地,在乙烯共聚物的情况下,该共聚单体含量低于20重量%,特别地低于15重量%。在优选的实施方案中,该低熔融性聚合物组分全部由乙烯均聚物构成,如含量各为10至90重量%的LDPE以及LLDPE与0至50重量%的MDPE的混合物。特别优选的实例是由60重量%的LDPE以及40重量%的LLDPE,或80重量%的LDPE以及20重量%的LLDPE构成的聚乙烯。
除了乙烯均聚物和/或乙烯共聚物之外,该低熔融性聚合物组分还可含有其它热塑性聚合物。对于这类热塑性聚合物没有限制,只要整个低熔融性聚合物组分以液体熔融状态存在的温度不会太接近高熔融性聚合物组分会呈液体熔融状态的温度即可。该低熔融性聚合物组分也可以含有聚丙烯,其的熔点或熔融范围不高于乙烯均聚物或乙烯共聚物的熔点或熔融范围,或虽然高于它们,但仍低于使用的拉伸温度。如众所周知的,存在高度结晶的等规立构、低结晶间规立构以及非晶形无规立构聚丙烯,它们分别具有不同的熔融、熔融范围或微晶熔点。当使用熔点或熔融范围比等规立构低很多的,以及在一些情况下甚至低于间规立构聚丙烯的非晶形无规立构聚丙烯时,在特定的情形下,这可以(取决于拉伸温度)被指定为低熔融性聚合物组分。
优选地,该高熔融性聚合物组分含有至少一种聚丙烯,其的熔点、熔融范围或微晶熔点实质上高于该低熔融性聚合物组分。尤其适合的聚丙烯是等规立构聚丙烯。也可能使用间规立构聚丙烯,但条件是其熔点、熔融范围或微晶熔点实质上高于该低熔融性聚合物组分。适合的聚丙烯可在市场上购得,例如从吹塑和/或铸膜的制造商购得。
该高熔融性聚合物组分可包括丙烯均聚物以及以丙烯为主要单体的丙烯共聚物。如果是丙烯共聚物时,其中共聚单体(即非丙烯)的成分,应考虑低熔融性或高熔融性聚合物组分的部分,取决于其它组分以及拉伸温度。适合用于丙烯共聚物的共聚单体是除丙烯之外的烯烃,优选地乙烯。在丙烯-乙烯共聚物的情况下,乙烯含量优选地为2至30重量%,特别优选地2至20重量%,以及更特别地2至15重量%,在实践中,乙烯含量为3至20重量%时获得非常好的结果。这些数值也适合于其它烯烃。
在下文中,列出一些聚乙烯以及聚丙烯的熔融范围:
LDPE:110-114℃;
LLDPE:115-130℃;
HDPE:125-135℃;
丙烯-均聚物:150-165℃;
丙烯-乙烯-共聚物:120-162℃,对于非常低的乙烯含量,甚至更高的温度也是可以的;
双峰丙烯-乙烯(均)共聚物:110-165℃。
使用所谓的双峰聚丙烯也是可以的。在此情况下,这些是两种不同的聚丙烯,各具有不同的共聚物组成,结合于一原料中。这种双峰聚丙烯具有两个微晶熔点,于此情况下,通常该两种聚丙烯的大致含量也可由DSC分析决定。作为实例,双峰聚丙烯可以被描述为具有微晶熔点在125℃以及143℃,两种不同聚丙烯的含量为25/75。依照本发明在拉伸温度130℃时,具有25%的微晶熔点在125℃的聚丙烯必须指定为低熔融性聚合物组分,而具有75%的微晶熔点在143℃的聚丙烯必须被指定为高熔融性聚合物组分。
依照本发明的方法,该起始膜织物被加热至该低熔融性聚合物组分的液体熔融状态或高于该低熔融性聚合物组分的液体熔融状态,而低于该高熔融性聚合物组分的液体熔融状态。至该液体熔融状态意指,低熔融性聚合物组分呈液体熔融状态。然而,仅加热至该高熔融性聚合物组分不是呈液体熔融状态的程度。
在具体的实施方案中,使用具有下列组成的起始膜织物:基于低熔融性以及高熔融性聚合物组分100重量%,25至35重量%的乙烯-辛烯共聚物,其中具有5至15重量%的辛烯含量;20至30重量%的丙烯-乙烯共聚物,其中具有3至12重量%的乙烯,剩下的为LDPE。
就像可在低熔融性聚合物组分中找到特定熔融聚丙烯一样,也可以在高熔融性聚合物组分中找到特定的非熔融聚乙烯,后者将被指定为高熔融性聚合物组分。此由下列实例说明。适合于起始膜织物的配方包含30重量%的LDPE(熔点112℃)、30重量%的LLDPE(熔点124℃)、20重量%的HDPE(熔点130℃)以及20重量%的聚丙烯(熔点160℃)。假如该膜织物在126℃的温度下拉伸,则依照本发明,该LDPE以及LLDPE呈液体熔融状态,与此同时,不仅是聚丙烯,且HDPE也不呈液体熔融状态。
为了使该方法能长时间的,在稳定的状态下得到适用,该低-以及高-熔融性聚合物组分的(微晶)熔点彼此之间应适度地不要太接近。优选地,该低熔融性聚合物组分的微晶熔点(或者在多个低熔融性聚合物组分存在的情况下,具有最高微晶熔点者的微晶熔点),应至少低于该高熔融性聚合物组分的微晶熔点或液体熔融状态(或者在多个高熔融性聚合物组分存在的情况下,具有最低微晶熔点者的微晶熔点)至少约5℃,优选地至少约10℃以及特别地至少约20℃。
依照本发明的方法也能够制造透气性或可呼吸的膜。在此情况下,该膜含有额外的填料,可在拉伸工序期间于其上形成孔。适合的填料是该领域专业人员熟知的。碳酸钙或白垩是最优选的,因为其合理的价格以及考虑到其持续性。假如需要具有比白垩的粒径更均一的填料,则也可以使用具有均一粒径或粒径分布的合成填料。为了获得具有透气性的膜,基于该起始膜织物(100重量%,包括填料)的总配方,应当使用至少40重量%的填料,特别是至少50重量%的填料。填料上限的决定因素是不再形成孔而是形成洞或膜裂开。适合的膜配方以及填料可由本领域的从业人员根据常规基础决定。基于起始膜织物100重量%,含有40至75重量%,特别是50至75重量%的填料的配方特别适合。在此情况下必须小心,低熔融性组分含量的选择不要高到无法得到透气性或再次丧失,因为孔不会产生和/或再次闭合。此外,也可以使用低于对于膜的透气性所需的量的填料。在考虑持续性时,此类膜可能会引起兴趣。基于起始膜织物100重量%,适合的配方为1至75重量%,特别地10至75重量的填料。
为了获得低熔融性聚合物组分的液体熔融状态而不是高熔融性聚合物组分的液体熔融状态,在温度方面,特别选定的差异不会受到任何的限制,但要符合前述的条件。选定的温度差异,是根据实践方面而考虑的方法实施(如在拉伸期间)的安全性或出于经济考虑而作出的有利的决定。例如,假如低熔融性聚合物组分在某温度下熔化,则温度进一步增加并不会产生更好的结果。此外,热消耗会增加以及可能会太靠近高熔融性聚合物组分的熔融范围,会导致此生产方法难于实施。优选地,本发明的方法因此以将起始膜织物加热至低于高熔融性聚合物组分的微晶熔点5至20℃,优选地5至15℃或10至20℃,特别地10至15℃或15至20℃的方式进行。选择性地,加热在高于低熔融性聚合物组分的微晶熔点或液体熔融状态的1至20℃,优选地2至10℃的温度范围内的温度下进行。加热温度必须达到低熔融性聚合物组分的微晶熔点。
用于进行本发明的方法的起始膜织物可用任何已知生产工艺生产。例如,该起始膜织物可以通过在挤压机中,在明显高于所有组分的熔融流动温度(如,高于200℃)下一起熔化该聚合物组分,然后利用狭缝模头方法或吹塑方法制造。在狭缝模头(slit die)方法的情况下,透过宽狭缝模头挤出膜。优选的是吹塑方法。
起始膜织物可由一层或多层构成,其也可为单-和/或共挤出的,对于使用的层数没有限制。这些层可具有相同或不同的配方,在此种情况下,低或高熔融性组分的指定,是在不同的情况下依照相对于拉伸温度的微晶熔点而决定的。
依照本发明的方法,所使用的起始膜织物可经过染色,如用二氧化钛染成白色。此外,该起始膜织物可含有惯用的添加物以及加工助剂。特别是,除了已经提过的填料之外,此情况涉及颜料或其它着色剂、抗粘着剂、润滑剂、塑化剂、加工助剂、抗静电剂、微生物抑制剂(抗生素)、抗氧化剂、热稳定剂、对UV光的稳定剂或其它特性改性的制剂。典型地,此类物质,如填料,是在依照本发明拉伸该起始膜织物之前,如,聚合物熔融物的制造期间或挤出成膜之前,已经添加至聚合物熔融物中。
对于不含填料的膜,该起始膜织物的厚度特别地在小于30μm,优选地小于20μm,最优选地小于15μm的范围内。从10至20μm,更优选地10至15μm的范围是优选的。更优选地,该范围在10至30μm,相当于基重9至29g/m2,依密度而定。在透气性起始膜(有填料的膜)方面,优选的基重在低于50g/m2,特别是低于40g/m2,特别优选地低于30g/m2,更优选地低于20g/m2的范围内。
根据本发明,该起始膜织物的加热用至少一个加热辊进行。较优选地,使用一个或多个加热辊进行加热,这些加热辊可以作为接触辊通过诸如蒸气、水、油之类的热载体加热到指定的温度。在优选的实施方案中,使用单一加热或接触辊。然而,也可以使用两个或多个加热辊,在此情况下需要确保低熔融性聚合物组分的液体熔融状态是在该冷却的辊隙的上游得到。为了确保该起始膜织物确实达到该加热辊的温度,或在高生产速率下,(在此该加热圆筒的表面温度高于该膜的温度),确实获得低熔融性聚合物组分的液体熔融状态,必须确保该起始膜织物停留在该加热辊表面上适当时间。这可以通过适当的加热圆筒的包合路径(wrapping path)以及包合角度(wrap angle)α(见附图)而达到,该加热辊的直径和/或该膜织物的速度作为该膜厚度的函数。此外,可使用其它加热方法,诸如用红外线散热器的辐射热。由于其部分地液体熔融的状态,该膜织物更强力地粘着于该辊上,其导致分开的点在加热辊的旋转方向上位移,意指分离角度(detachment angle)β扩大(见附图)。为了使该膜织物与该加热辊分开,且预防该膜织物裂开,适当地使用具有抗粘着的涂覆表面的加热辊,这种辊具有降低的对部分液体熔融状态的膜织物的粘着性。为此目的,可使用例如PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)涂覆的加热辊。
根据本发明,该膜在至少一个加热辊以及冷却的辊隙之间被拉伸。在本发明中,术语“拉伸"与"拉长"或"延伸"具有相同的意思。术语"拉伸比"同样地与"延伸比"或"拉长比"具有相同的意思。拉伸,延伸或拉长膜,意指在指定方向上拉长该膜,其导致膜厚度减小。根据本发明,膜是在机械或纵向方向(md)上被拉伸,例如,通过改变加热辊和冷却辊的速度被拉伸。例如,拉伸比1:1.5,意味着膜的厚度从15μm减少至10μm。本发明的至关重要之处是,该膜织物在拉伸过程期间呈部分地熔融的状态。
拉伸比取决于膜配方以及选定的工艺参数,较优选地至少1:1.2,更优选地至少1:1.5,特别是至少1:2,甚至更优选地至少1:2.5,特别地至少1:3,或至少1:4。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,拉伸的形成是由于形成冷却的辊隙的冷却辊的驱动速度比加热辊高而引起。在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,在该冷却的辊隙的上游提供两个或多个辊,其中至少两个以不同速度驱动,如此该膜织物在这两个辊之间被延伸,且在此情况下,该两个或多个辊中至少第一个辊被指定为加热辊。在适当情况下,第二个,甚至更多的辊同样地也可以被指定为加热辊。特别是,假如提供多个辊,该辊中的一个也可以被指定为冷却辊。冷却辊引起该膜织物的一侧冷却,因此导致该膜的慢慢冷却。相反地,依照本发明由两个冷却辊提供的冷却的辊隙从膜织物的两侧提供冷却,从而导致快速的冷却。假如使用一个冷却辊,在该冷却的辊隙的上游处再次加热该膜织物至呈部分地熔融的状态是必要的,这可用适当的加热辊来进行。诸如加热辊-加热辊-冷却的辊隙或加热辊-冷却辊-加热辊-冷却的辊隙的排列是可以的。
额外地处理该膜织物,以便横向拉长也是可行的。此双轴拉长可,例如,经由市售可得的拉伸或延伸机达成,如由Brückner公司销售的机器。在此情况下需小心,在拉伸工序期间,维持依照本发明的部分地液体熔融的状态。
依照本发明用于制造非织造布-膜层压片的方法中,在该冷却的辊隙的上游处提供至少两个加热辊,并以不同的速度驱动,如此该膜织物在两个辊之间被拉伸。此外,非织造布织物向这两个加热辊之中的第二个移动,于此情况下,该膜织物或该非织造布织物可与该加热辊接触。也可投入多种非织造布。可采用如WO 2006/024394中所述的热层压方法。与以上针对拉伸该膜所述的相似,热层压也可在至少两个加热辊之间提供冷却辊,特别是,假如存在更多的加热辊。在热层压时,将起始膜织物与起始非织造布织物(其的熔点高于该起始膜织物的聚合物材料的微晶熔点)结合一起加热至温度高于该起始膜织物的聚合物材料的微晶熔点,而低于该起始非织造布织物的熔点。在此情况下,该起始膜织物的聚合物材料可被指定为该低熔融性聚合物组分,以及随该起始非织造布织物的形态以及化学组成而定,可以额外地指定该高熔融性聚合物组分的全部或部分。该起始膜织物的聚合物材料的化学组成的选择应当与该非织造布织物的化学组成相配,即两者的熔点以及原料应彼此配合。就如在WO 2006/024394所述的,要层压的织物在至少一种配方组分方面应具有相似的形态,如此可获得适当的粘着结合。在目前的情况下,这意味着将起始非织造布织物供料至其上的加热辊使起始膜织物加热,使得引起结合的聚合物组分处于液体熔融状态。拉伸以及热层压期间,该加热辊的温度因此按照该起始膜织物以及该起始非织造布织物的组成而不同,特别是将该非织造布织物供料至其上的加热辊可以具有较高的温度。这可以下列实例说明。假如所使用的起始非织造布织物是以聚丙烯为主,且具有熔点范围从160至165℃,则该起始膜织物的聚合物材料应当采用聚丙烯作为粘着组分,不管此聚丙烯是属于该起始膜织物的低或高熔融性聚合物组分,其在拉伸期间呈液体熔融状态。在此情况下,假如仅有一种呈液体熔融状态的聚乙烯,则正常情况下无法确保适当的粘着。假如于起始膜配方中施予35重量%的LDPE(熔点112℃)、20重量%的LLDPE-丁烯(熔点121℃)、10重量%的聚丙烯(熔点162℃)、30重量%的无规聚丙烯共聚物(熔点140℃)以及5重量%的TiO2-白色浓缩物、颜料以及添加物,该组分与在表1底部的实施例中所列出的相同,这意味着在热层压工序期间,该LDPE、该LLDPE-丁烯以及无规聚丙烯共聚物(熔点140℃)呈液体熔融状态,而该聚丙烯(熔点162℃)不是。也就是说,供给非织造布织物的加热辊必须保证该起始膜织物适当加热例如至142℃或143℃。在此温度下,可在没有任何引发非织造布熔融风险的情况下,适当地粘着在聚丙烯非织造布上。另一方面,拉伸是在较低的温度下,例如124℃下进行,如此该LDPE以及该LLDPE-丁烯呈液体熔融状态,但聚丙烯(熔点162℃)以及该无规聚丙烯共聚物(熔点140℃)不是。
该起始非织造布织物是依照就本身而论为已知的方法,例如WO 2006/024394所描述的,以热塑性聚合物,如PE、PP、聚酯(PET)、人造纤维、纤维素、聚酰胺(PA)或其混合物的纤维为基料制成。特别优选的是如可纺织的非织造布,或以PP、PE或PET基料的短纤维,以及由PP与PE的混合物或PET与PP或PE的混合物构成的非织造布。也可以使用二或多层非织造布。
根据本发明,使该膜织物在加热后通过冷却的辊隙。制造非织造布-膜层压片时,使该膜织物以及该非织造布织物加热后一起通过该冷却的辊隙,并彼此结合。形成该冷却的辊隙的辊的冷却方式采用快速以及突然冷却。适当地冷却至低于该低熔融性聚合物组分的微晶熔点的温度,较优选地至低于该熔点至少5℃,特别地低于该熔点至少10℃。较优选冷却范围是低于该低熔融性聚合物组分的微晶熔点5至10℃,更佳地10至30℃。用水冷却辊可在,例如,5至20℃的温度范围内发生,如使用具有温度约10℃的水。由于可能的热流失,在此情况下该最后的加热辊以及该冷却的辊隙之间的间隔应不宜太宽,在此情况下,最小的间隔由该辊的尺寸界定。在最简单的情况下,该冷却的辊隙,例如,是两个平滑辊的情况下的平滑辊隙。然而在卫生膜的情况下,该辊隙较优选地由具有一个纹理辊与一个平滑辊的一对辊所形成,由此提供该膜织物纹理表面。在卫生领域中,较优选的纹理是微纹理,如平头角锥体。较优选地,该冷却的辊隙由在反压下(counter-pressure)操作的钢辊以及橡胶辊构成,该钢辊提供纹理表面。
根据本发明,可将形成该冷却的辊隙的辊的速度选定在速度快于该热辊,假如使用多个加热辊,则快于最后的加热辊,如此该膜在辊之间被拉伸。选择性地或额外地,如上所述,也可以在该冷却的辊隙的上游的两个辊之间拉伸该膜。例如,为了防止拉伸工序过程中收缩,在特别引起关注的实施方案中,该加热辊与该冷却的辊隙之间的间隔被保持在尽可能窄的情况下。然后在两个加热辊之间进行拉伸工序,其中的间隔关系可任意地缩小。随后使该拉伸的膜从第二加热辊通过而进入该冷却的辊隙,没有任何进一步的拉伸或仅进一步少量的拉伸。
依膜参数以及其它工艺条件而定,该膜织物的速度在50至900m/min的范围内。该(这些)加热辊的速度较优选地50至600m/min,特别地100至400m/min。形成该冷却的辊隙的辊的速度优选地75至900m/min,特别地150至600m/min。该(这些)加热辊以及该冷却辊的速度,依照该膜配方以及选定的工艺参数,以可获得想要的拉伸比的情况作选择。
依照本发明的方法能够使制造的膜具有非常薄的厚度,如10、8、6或甚至仅5μm。优选的,无填料的膜具有2至13μm的厚度范围,或具有基重(basis weight)为1至15g/m2。具有填料的膜优选地具有相同的基重值。
依照本发明获得的膜虽然是非常薄以及软的(触觉上有吸力的),却仍具有极佳的机械特性,此外仍具有非常高的穿孔抗性(即,对如尿布中的超吸收颗粒的抗性)以及高热稳定性(即对热熔融粘着的抗性)。能够制造这样薄的膜是非常令人惊讶的。
依照本发明获得的膜可用已知的方法进行进一步的处理,在此种情况下,特别优选地是非织造布-膜层压片的制造。在制造此层压片时,后者可通过粘着剂粘着结合,较优选地联机(in-line)。除此之外,非织造布-膜层压片也可由本领域专业人员熟知的热结合方式制成,在这种情况下,利用高温使依照本发明获得的膜和/或非织造布的材料熔化,然后在两个加热辊(最常的情况是上面有浮雕图案的辊(有浮雕图案的钢辊)以及作为反向辊的平滑钢辊)间的特定点加压,从而使该膜与非织造布结合在一起。此外,以上所述的非织造布-膜层压片也可经由热层压的方式制成。在非常薄的膜方面,如4g/m2,热层压是特别优选的方法。由此制造的非织造布-膜层压片可进一步用已知方法处理,在这种情况下,在机械或横向方向上或同时两个方向上进行拉伸同样地是可行的。
附图显示进行如按照本发明的方法的较优选的实施方案,其中该拉伸利用形成该冷却的辊隙的辊的速度快于该加热辊而达到。起始膜织物2从辊1通过转向辊3以及4,然后加压辊5至加热辊6上。加热辊6可以是,例如,抗粘着性的涂覆钢辊,可以通过供热加热至所需的表面温度。该膜织物然后在加热辊6上运行,从而依照本发明被加热。包合角度α是:由起始膜织物2与加热辊6接触的第一点,与从加热辊6的旋转方向观察的该膜织物与该加热辊发生分开的点之间形成的角度。该膜织物从加热辊6,在分开的点A处,以分离角度β运行进入由辊7以及8形成的冷却的辊隙。辊8较佳地设计为纹理辊,由此提供该膜织物纹理表面。辊对7/8较佳地是水冷的,如用具有温度约10℃的水冷却的。形成该冷却的辊隙的辊7以及8以比加热辊6的织物速度快的速度驱动,如此获得所需程度的拉伸。在此情况下,加热辊以及冷却的辊隙之间的拉伸比引起分离角度β变小。该膜在辊对7/8的下游移去。
本发明由于能够制造具有极薄厚度的膜,所以能够节省原料,从而有助于资源的节约以及持续性。结果,其有助于环境保护,特别地适用于大量地使用膜作为一次性产品的组件的卫生领域。
依照本发明获得的膜以及非织造物-膜层压片可用于卫生或医疗领域,如作为衣物保护膜或通常是作为不透液屏障层,特别是作为尿布、卫生棉、床垫保护罩或相似产品的背片。
本发明将通过下列实施例进一步地阐释。
实施例
依照吹塑方法制造具有表1的配方的起始材料膜织物,含有具有低熔点(140℃)的聚丙烯的膜被共挤出作为外层。
表1
1 190℃/2.16kg下的MFR 1.0
2具有10重量%乙烯的丙烯-乙烯共聚物
吹塑膜管时的条件可从表II中得出。
表II
将获得的膜管沿纵向切开,然后卷绕在两个辊上。膜宽度为2.5m。
此起始膜织物如下进行附图中所示的处理。在从辊1中取下起始膜织物2后,其通过转向辊3、4以及加压辊5至加热辊6上。加热辊(HZ)6是抗粘着性的涂覆钢辊,通过供热加热至依照表III的表面温度。以100m/min的织物速度驱动加热辊6。该膜织物从加热辊6进入由辊对7/8形成的冷却的辊隙中,辊对7/8依照所欲拉伸的程度在比该加热辊的织物速度快的速度下驱动。加热辊与冷却的辊隙之间的速度差异导致拉伸的程度。例如,100m/min的加热辊速度以及300m/min的冷却辊速度产生100:300或1:3的拉伸比。辊8设计为平滑辊或具有纹理表面的辊。辊对7/8是水冷的(约15℃)。形成该辊隙的辊7/8以获得下面表III中设定的拉伸比的方式驱动。这使得可以获得具有表III中的基重的膜。表III也显示了由于加热不充分,从而导致膜裂开的试验。
表III
令人惊讶地发现,在拉伸过程期间,该起始膜织物的最低熔融性聚乙烯组分(LDPE)一旦呈液体熔融状态,则拉伸比率可以大于1:1.50。因此,在117℃的拉伸温度下(加热圆筒的表面温度)(55%的LDPE含量呈液体熔融状态),可以获得拉伸比为1:2.0,即14g/m2起始膜能够拉伸至7.0g/m2。在124℃的拉伸温度下(55%的LDPE-以及20%的LLDPE含量呈液体熔融状态),甚至可以获得拉伸比为1:3.5,即14g/m2起始膜能够拉伸至4.0g/m2。
实施例显示出依照本发明的方法能够制得具有非常低的基重的膜。
由此获得的薄膜随后可结合至非织造布,形成为改善手感目的的层压片。适合的工艺是粘着结合。选择性地,可进行以上所述的热层压方法,在此情况下,非织造布层压于聚丙烯外层上。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于制造非织造布-膜层压片的方法,该方法包含:
通过第一加热辊,将包含至少一种低熔融性聚合物组分以及至少一种高熔融性聚合物组分的热塑性聚合物材料的起始膜织物加热成至少部分地熔融的状态,其中该至少一种低熔融性聚合物组分以熔融液体状态的形式存在,而该至少一种高熔融性聚合物组分不是以熔融液体状态的形式存在,以及
将部分地熔融的膜织物传送至第二加热辊,
其中,该第一加热辊和该第二加热辊以不同速度操作,如此该膜织物在该第一加热辊以及该第二加热辊之间被拉伸,和其中,使非织造布织物与该膜织物一起通过该第二加热辊以及通过冷却的辊隙,
其中,该非织造布织物的熔点高于该起始膜织物的至少一种低熔融性聚合物组分的微晶熔点或,高于该至少一种高熔融性聚合物组分的微晶熔点,和
其中通过该第二加热辊,将该膜织物与该非织造布织物一起加热至该起始膜织物的该至少一种低熔融性聚合物组分或该至少一种高熔融性聚合物组分作为整体或部分以熔融液体状态的形式存在、并且低于该非织造布织物的熔点的温度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,基于低熔融性以及高熔融性聚合物组分100重量%,使用包含15至85重量%的低熔融性聚合物组分以及85至15重量%的高熔融性聚合物组分的起始膜织物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,使用包含至少一种聚乙烯作为低熔融性聚合物组分以及至少一种聚丙烯作为高熔融性聚合物组分的起始膜织物。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,加热该起始膜织物至低于该至少一种高熔融性聚合物组分的微晶熔点5至20℃。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,以至少1:2.5的拉伸比拉伸该膜织物。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,以至少1:2的拉伸比拉伸该膜织物。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,该膜织物在该冷却的辊隙中进行冷却至低于该至少一种低熔融性聚合物组分的微晶熔点至少10至30℃。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,使用含有1至75重量%的填料的起始膜织物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述起始膜织物含有50至75重量%的填料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述起始膜织物含有白垩。
11.一种非织造布-膜层压片,其可由根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的方法获得,其中所述膜织物具有在2至13μm的范围内的厚度。
12.一种根据权利要求11所述的非织造布-膜层压片用于卫生或医疗领域的用途。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用途,其是用于尿布、床垫保护罩或卫生棉的背片的用途。
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EP20110179885 EP2565013B1 (de) | 2011-09-02 | 2011-09-02 | Verfahren zum Recken einer Folienbahn |
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