CN109129038A - The forming machine tool and control method of composite wheel roughing and ultrasonic wave added finishing - Google Patents
The forming machine tool and control method of composite wheel roughing and ultrasonic wave added finishing Download PDFInfo
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- CN109129038A CN109129038A CN201811304855.8A CN201811304855A CN109129038A CN 109129038 A CN109129038 A CN 109129038A CN 201811304855 A CN201811304855 A CN 201811304855A CN 109129038 A CN109129038 A CN 109129038A
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- guide rail
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
- B24B1/04—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes subjecting the grinding or polishing tools, the abrading or polishing medium or work to vibration, e.g. grinding with ultrasonic frequency
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B51/00—Arrangements for automatic control of a series of individual steps in grinding a workpiece
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to the forming machine tools and control method of a kind of composite wheel roughing and ultrasonic wave added finishing, belong to hard brittle material Precision Machining field.Gantry is respectively fixedly connected in pedestal two sides, the longitudinally fixed middle position for being connected to submounts of Y-direction guide rail, X direction guiding rail is laterally fixedly mounted on the slide carriage of Y-direction guide rail, on the longitudinally fixed slide carriage for being mounted on X direction guiding rail of rotary oscillation double axle table, Z-direction guide rail one is fixedly connected on the middle position on the right side of the gantry of left side, grinding tool is fixedly connected on the slide carriage of Z-direction guide rail one, Z-direction guide rail two is fixedly connected on the middle position on the left of the gantry of right side, and ultrasonic tool system is fixedly connected on the slide carriage of Z-direction guide rail two.Advantage is the efficiency that the processing of rotary ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding improves grinding while reducing tool wear, guarantees dimensional accuracy and geometric accuracy, high-efficient, good in economic efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hard brittle material Precision Machining field more particularly to a kind of composite wheel roughing and ultrasonic wave added essence
The efficient forming machine tool and control method of processing.
Background technique
With the progress of rapid technological improvement, the constituent material as technology foundation stone also becomes more and more wider in range
It is general, the hard brittle materials such as the quartz being utilized, ceramics, metallic compound and optical glass are originally difficult to also with the innovation of technology
It is widely used in a variety of applications.Traditional turnning and milling plane mill method is difficult to process hard crisp material masterlyly as processing ferrous metal
Material, thus it is popular about the focus that the precision machined ways and means of hard brittle material become research.And it is graduallyd mature as these
A kind of in technology, Ultrasonic machining can be adapted well to the processing and manufacturing of hard brittle material.By the research of a large amount of scholars, ultrasound vibration
Dynamic auxiliary processing firmly, in terms of raising workpiece surface finish has effect quite outstanding in reduction grinding.But largely make at present
The impact processing of ultrasonic vibration abrasive material is in the presence of processing efficiency is low, the serious disadvantage of tool wear, so developing novel, high
Effect, economic hard brittle material delicate machine tools system have important theory significance and practical value.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides the forming machine tool and control method of a kind of composite wheel roughing and ultrasonic wave added finishing, with solution
Processing efficiency is low for the certainly existing forming machine tool based on the impact processing of ultrasonic vibration abrasive material, the serious problem of tool wear.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that including gantry, Z-direction guide rail one, wheel grinding tool, ultrasonic tool system, Z
Direction guiding rail two, pedestal, Y-direction guide rail, X direction guiding rail, rotary oscillation double axle table, two of them gantry company of being bolted respectively
It connects in the left and right sides of pedestal, for Y-direction guide rail by the longitudinally fixed middle position for being connected to submounts of bolt, X direction guiding rail is logical
Bolt is crossed laterally to be fixedly mounted on the slide carriage of Y-direction guide rail, rotary oscillation double axle table by bolt it is longitudinally fixed be mounted on X to
On the slide carriage of guide rail, Z-direction guide rail one is bolted to connection the middle position on the right side of the gantry of left side, and grinding tool passes through spiral shell
Bolt is fixedly connected on the slide carriage of Z-direction guide rail one, and the Z-direction guide rail two is fixedly connected on the left of the gantry of right side by bolt
Middle position, the ultrasonic tool system are bolted to connection on the slide carriage of Z-direction guide rail two.
The wheel grinding tool includes electric pushrod, top chock, pedestal, hollow shaft motor, hollow shaft, open-top screw thread
Set, step, grinding wheel fixed end cap, grinding wheel, taper splined shaft, lower bearing, upper bearing (metal), wherein top chock is connected by screw
It connects in the upper end of pedestal, step is connected by screw in the lower end of pedestal, and upper bearing (metal) is fixedly mounted on upper axis by retainer ring
It holds in seat, lower bearing is fixedly mounted in step by retainer ring, and hollow shaft motor is fixedly connected in the base by both ends
Between, hollow shaft is fixedly connected on the rotor of hollow shaft motor by screw, and the upper and lower ends of hollow shaft pass through lower bearing and upper
Bearing, electric pushrod is connected by screw in top chock upper end, and the push rod of electric pushrod is slidably connected with hollow shaft, opening
Thread bush is fixedly connected with the telescopic rod of electric pushrod, and taper splined shaft and open-top screw thread set are connected through a screw thread, and with it is hollow
Axis is fixedly connected by cone spline connection, grinding wheel by grinding wheel fixation end cap and taper splined shaft.
The ultrasonic tool system include motor, shaft coupling, transmission shaft, for electric slip ring, sandwich piezoelectric transducer,
Line measuring instrument, motor supporting base, pedestal, ultrasonic-frequency power supply, wherein motor supporting base is fixedly connected on pedestal by screw, ultrasound
Power supply is fixedly connected on pedestal by screw, and the on-line measurement instrument is fixedly connected on the upside of PZT (piezoelectric transducer), and piezoelectricity changes
Energy device is fixedly connected on pedestal by screw, and shaft coupling is connected by key to be fixedly connected with the main shaft of motor, and transmission shaft passes through
Key connection is fixedly connected on shaft coupling, and with tool heads rotary shaft by screw, is fixed for the inner ring and transmission shaft of electric slip ring
Connection, and outer ring is fixedly connected with ultrasonic-frequency power supply.
The sandwich piezoelectric transducer includes upper end cover, driving sleeve, bearing, pedestal, bolt, energy converter front cover
Plate, piezoelectric ceramic piece, copper electrode ring plate, amplitude transformer, hollow rotating shaft, wherein upper end cover is fixedly connected on pedestal by screw
End, hollow rotating shaft are fixed in pedestal in such a way that bearing is fixed using both ends, and driving sleeve is fixedly connected on by screw
The upper end of hollow rotating shaft, energy converter front shroud, piezoelectric ceramic piece, copper electrode ring plate are bolted to connection in amplitude transformer
End, amplitude transformer is fixedly connected by screw with energy converter front shroud lower end, and is fixedly connected with hollow rotating shaft lower end by screw.
The rotary oscillation double axle table includes left-hand rotation platform, connecting plate, clamping workpiece system, right-hand rotation platform, pedestal, turns
Platform, wherein left-hand rotation platform is fixedly connected on the upside of pedestal by screw, and right-hand rotation platform is fixedly connected on the upside of pedestal by screw, connection
Plate is fixedly connected on the left of right-hand rotation platform by screw by being fixedly connected on the right side of screw and left-hand rotation platform, and turntable is solid by screw
Surely it is connected on the upside of connecting plate, clamping workpiece system is fixedly connected on the upside of turntable by screw.
The left-hand rotation platform include end cap one, turntable seat one, coding disk, hollow shaft motor one, ring flange one, turntable one,
Bearing one, wherein hollow shaft motor one is connected by screw on one right side of end cap, and end cap one is fixedly connected on turntable by screw
One left side of seat, coding disk are fixedly connected on one upside of turntable seat by screw, and ring flange one is fixedly connected on hollow by screw
On the rotor of spindle motor one, bearing one is fixed in turntable seat one by fixed outer ring, and turntable one is fixedly connected on by screw
On ring flange one, and pass through the inner ring of bearing one.
The turntable includes turntable two, bearing two, turntable seat two, pedestal, hollow shaft motor two, ring flange two, wherein
Hollow shaft motor two is fixedly connected on pedestal by screw, and turntable seat two is fixedly connected on pedestal by screw, ring flange
Two are fixedly connected on the rotor of hollow shaft motor two by screw, and bearing two is fixed in turntable seat two by fixed outer ring, are turned
Disk two is fixedly connected on ring flange two by screw, and passes through the inner ring of bearing two.
The right-hand rotation platform includes turntable three, turntable seat three, end cap two, bearing three, round nut, and wherein end cap two passes through spiral shell
Nail is fixedly connected on three right side of turntable seat, and the bearing three is fixed in turntable seat three by fixed outer ring, the turntable three
By the inner ring of bearing three, and pass through round nut clamping.
A kind of forming machine tool control method of composite wheel roughing and ultrasonic wave added finishing, including the following steps:
(1), roughing
After workpiece blank is fixedly mounted on workbench by fixture, first carry out slightly adding by the way of wheel grinding
Work, during roughing, X, Y-direction guide rail drive workbench to realize the movement in horizontal plane, and Z-direction guide rail controls grinding wheel vertical direction
On feeding, rotary oscillation double axle table can adjust in real time according to workpiece machining surface shape and tool sharpening position, guarantee work
Angle between part blank surface and cutter；
(2), it finishes
For workpiece by using rotary ultrasonic machining to finish after roughing, principle is by the hammering of ultrasonic vibration tools
The ablation of movement and tool rotation is combined together, and the realization of machining locus drives workbench to realize by X, Y-direction guide rail
Movement in horizontal plane, Z-direction guide rail control vertical direction on feeding, rotary oscillation double axle table guarantee workpiece blank surface and
Angle between cutter；
(3), measurement and reverse reconstruct
Workpiece blank is by using on-line measurement instrument to acquire data to workpiece surface after Roughing and fine machining, by acquisition
Data are handled, reverse workpiece reconstruction model, while also the surface quality of workpiece is measured.Pass through reference piece
Reconstruction model and workpiece design a model, when the shape of reconstruction model, position precision and surface quality satisfaction, which design a model, to be required,
Work pieces process is completed；When the shape of reconstruction model, position precision and surface quality, which are unsatisfactory for designing a model, to be required, to being unsatisfactory for
Then machining allowance is distributed by Step 1: Step 2: the sequence of step 3 continues to add according to processing technology in the region of design requirement
Work；
(4), the frequency-tracking in rotary ultrasonic machining
Guarantee the progress and efficiency of rotary ultrasonic machining, it is necessary to assure ultrasonic vibration system always works in the humorous of system
Under vibration frequency, the output amplitude of energy converter is maximum at this time, but in actual processing, the resonance frequency of energy converter will float
It moves, this is because load moment changes, as processing progress tool heads abrasion is increasingly severe, energy converter generates heat in process
Etc. factors influence, if adjusted not in time, entire vibrational system will be detuning, output amplitude reduce even disappear, can make to press
Photoelectric transformation efficiency reduces the ability for even losing Ultrasonic machining；
It is tracked using combination frequency, i.e., uses maximum current method and phase locking technique simultaneously, set an electric current threshold in software
Value is adjusted the frequency of supersonic generator according to frequency conversion search method using software, makes it when detecting electric current less than threshold electric current
It is drawn close to system resonance frequencies, once frequency tune then is carried out using phase-locked loop circuit into the capture zone range of phase-locked loop circuit
It is whole, until the output frequency of supersonic generator is equal in the resonance frequency of entire vibrational system.
Lathe carries out roughing using grinding wheel, completes to finish using rotary ultrasonic vibration grinding tool, and workbench is rotation
Switch moves double axle table, and rotary ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding system is by rotary grinding part and ultrasonic resonance body portion institute group
At rotary ultrasonic vibration grinding part is the structure for rotating machining spindle, and main function is to drive the rotation of ultrasonic resonance body, branch
It holds and connects, and ultrasonic resonance body is sandwich transducer, amplitude transformer, piezoelectric stack and other coupling parts, mainly
Effect is to generate ultrasonic vibration, and pass to amplitude transformer.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
(1) roughing is carried out by using wheel grinding for the hard brittle material processing present invention and largely removes material, then
It is finished using Ultrasonic machining, guarantees dimensional accuracy and geometric accuracy, it is high-efficient good in economic efficiency；
(2) Ultrasonic machining of the present invention is compound with the ultrasonic vibrating machining of resonance type by rotation processing, with most basic ultrasound
The impact processing of processing method abrasive material is compared, and the processing of rotary ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding improves mill while reducing tool wear
Cut the efficiency of processing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structural schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of wheel grinding tool of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of open-top screw thread set of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of ultrasonic tool system of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional view of sandwich piezoelectric transducer of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is rotary oscillation double axle table structural schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is left-hand rotation platform cross-sectional view of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is turntable cross-sectional view of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is right-hand rotation platform cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, including gantry 1, Z-direction guide rail 1, wheel grinding tool 3, ultrasonic tool system 4, Z-direction guide rail two
5, pedestal 6, Y-direction guide rail 7, X direction guiding rail 8, rotary oscillation double axle table 9, two of them gantry 1 are bolted to connection respectively
In the left and right sides of pedestal 6, Y-direction guide rail 7 passes through the longitudinally fixed middle position being connected to above pedestal 6 of bolt, X direction guiding rail 8
It is laterally fixedly mounted on by bolt on the slide carriage of Y-direction guide rail 7, rotary oscillation double axle table 9 passes through the longitudinally fixed installation of bolt
On the slide carriage of X direction guiding rail 8, Z-direction guide rail 1 is bolted to connection the middle position on 1 right side of left side gantry, is ground work
Tool 3 is bolted to connection on the slide carriage of Z-direction guide rail 1, and the Z-direction guide rail 25 is bolted to connection on the right side
The middle position in 1 left side of side gantry, the ultrasonic tool system 4 are bolted to connection the slide carriage in Z-direction guide rail 25
On.
As shown in Figure 2,3, the wheel grinding tool 3 include electric pushrod 301, it is top chock 302, pedestal 303, hollow
Spindle motor 304, hollow shaft 305, open-top screw thread set 306, step 307, the fixed end cap 308 of grinding wheel, grinding wheel 309, taper flower
Key axis 310, lower bearing 311, upper bearing (metal) 312, wherein top chock 302 is connected by screw in the upper end of pedestal 303, lower bearing
Seat 307 is connected by screw in the lower end of pedestal 303, and upper bearing (metal) 312 is fixedly mounted in top chock 302 by retainer ring, under
Bearing 311 is fixedly mounted in step 307 by retainer ring, and hollow shaft motor 304 is fixedly connected on pedestal 303 by both ends
Centre, hollow shaft 305 is fixedly connected on the rotor of hollow shaft motor 304 by screw, and the upper and lower ends of hollow shaft pass through down
Bearing 311 and upper bearing (metal) 312, electric pushrod 301 be connected by screw in 302 upper end of top chock, and electric pushrod 301 pushes away
Bar is slidably connected with hollow shaft 305, and open-top screw thread set 306 is fixedly connected with the telescopic rod of electric pushrod 301, taper splined shaft
310 and open-top screw thread set 306 be connected through a screw thread, and connected with hollow shaft 305 by boring spline, grinding wheel 309 is consolidated by grinding wheel
Fixed end lid 308 is fixedly connected with taper splined shaft 310.
As shown in figure 4, the ultrasonic tool system 4 include motor 401, shaft coupling 402, transmission shaft 403, for electric slip ring
404, sandwich piezoelectric transducer 405, on-line measurement instrument 406, motor supporting base 407, pedestal 408, ultrasonic-frequency power supply 409, wherein
Motor supporting base 407 is fixedly connected on pedestal 408 by screw, and ultrasonic-frequency power supply 409 is fixedly connected on pedestal 408 by screw
On, the on-line measurement instrument 406 is fixedly connected on 405 upside of PZT (piezoelectric transducer), and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 405 connects by the way that screw is fixed
It connects on pedestal 408, shaft coupling 402 is connected by key to be fixedly connected with the main shaft of motor 401, and transmission shaft 403 is connected by key
It is fixedly connected on shaft coupling 402, and with tool heads rotary shaft by screw, the inner ring and transmission shaft 403 for electric slip ring 404 are solid
Fixed connection, and outer ring is fixedly connected with ultrasonic-frequency power supply 408.
As shown in figure 5, the sandwich piezoelectric transducer 405 includes upper end cover 40501, driving sleeve 40502, bearing
40503, pedestal 40504, bolt 40505, energy converter front shroud 40506, piezoelectric ceramic piece 40507, copper electrode ring plate 40508,
Amplitude transformer 40509, hollow rotating shaft 40510, wherein upper end cover 40501 is fixedly connected on 40504 upper end of pedestal by screw, hollow
Shaft 40510 is fixed in pedestal 40504 in such a way that bearing 40503 is fixed using both ends, and driving sleeve 40502 passes through spiral shell
Nail is fixedly connected on the upper end of hollow rotating shaft 40510, energy converter front shroud 40506, piezoelectric ceramic piece 40507, copper electrode ring plate
40508 are fixedly connected on 40509 upper end of amplitude transformer by bolt 40505, and amplitude transformer 40509 passes through screw and energy converter front shroud
40506 lower ends are fixedly connected, and are fixedly connected with 40510 lower end of hollow rotating shaft by screw.
As shown in fig. 6, the rotary oscillation double axle table 9 includes left-hand rotation platform 901, connecting plate 902, clamping workpiece system
903, right-hand rotation platform 904, pedestal 905, turntable 906, wherein left-hand rotation platform 901 is fixedly connected on 905 upside of pedestal by screw, turns right
Platform 904 is fixedly connected on 905 upside of pedestal by screw, and connecting plate 902 passes through to be fixedly connected on the right side of screw and left-hand rotation platform 901,
And be fixedly connected on the left of right-hand rotation platform 904 by screw, turntable 906 is fixedly connected on 902 upside of connecting plate, workpiece by screw
Mounting and clamping system 903 is fixedly connected on the upside of turntable 906 by screw.
As shown in fig. 7, the left-hand rotation platform 901 includes end cap 1, turntable seat 1, coding disk 90103, sky
Spindle motor 1, ring flange 1, turntable 1, bearing 1, wherein hollow shaft motor 1 is logical
It crosses screw and is connected to one 90101 right side of end cap, end cap 1 is fixedly connected on one 90102 left side of turntable seat by screw, compiles
Code-disc 90103 is fixedly connected on one 90102 upside of turntable seat by screw, and ring flange 1 is fixedly connected on by screw
On the rotor of hollow shaft motor 1, bearing 1 is fixed in turntable seat 1 by fixed outer ring, turntable one
90106 are fixedly connected on ring flange 1 by screw, and pass through the inner ring of bearing 1.
As shown in figure 8, the turntable 906 includes turntable 2 90601, bearing 2 90602, turntable seat 2 90603, pedestal
90604, hollow shaft motor 2 90605, ring flange 2 90606, wherein hollow shaft motor 2 90605 is fixedly connected on by screw
On pedestal 90604, turntable seat 2 90603 is fixedly connected on pedestal 90604 by screw, and ring flange 2 90606 passes through screw
It is fixedly connected on the rotor of hollow shaft motor 2 90605, bearing 2 90602 is fixed on turntable seat 2 90603 by fixed outer ring
Interior, turntable 2 90601 is fixedly connected on ring flange 2 90606 by screw, and passes through the inner ring of bearing 2 90602.
As shown in figure 9, the right-hand rotation platform 904 includes turntable 3 90401, turntable seat 3 90402, end cap 2 90403, axis
3 90404, round nut 90405 is held, wherein end cap 2 90403 is fixedly connected on 3 90402 right side of turntable seat by screw, described
Bearing 3 90404 is fixed in turntable seat 3 90402 by fixed outer ring, and the turntable 3 90401 passes through bearing 3 90404
Inner ring, and pass through 90405 clamping of round nut.
A kind of forming machine tool control method of composite wheel roughing and ultrasonic wave added finishing, including the following steps:
(1), roughing
After workpiece blank is fixedly mounted on workbench by fixture, first carry out slightly adding by the way of wheel grinding
Work, during roughing, X, Y-direction guide rail drive workbench to realize the movement in horizontal plane, and Z-direction guide rail controls grinding wheel vertical direction
On feeding, rotary oscillation double axle table can adjust in real time according to workpiece machining surface shape and tool sharpening position, guarantee work
Angle between part blank surface and cutter；
(2), it finishes
For workpiece by using rotary ultrasonic machining to finish after roughing, principle is by the hammering of ultrasonic vibration tools
The ablation of movement and tool rotation is combined together, and the realization of machining locus drives workbench to realize by X, Y-direction guide rail
Movement in horizontal plane, Z-direction guide rail control vertical direction on feeding, rotary oscillation double axle table guarantee workpiece blank surface and
Angle between cutter；
(3), measurement and reverse reconstruct
Workpiece blank is by using on-line measurement instrument to acquire data to workpiece surface after Roughing and fine machining, by acquisition
Data are handled, reverse workpiece reconstruction model, while also the surface quality of workpiece is measured.Pass through reference piece
Reconstruction model and workpiece design a model, when the shape of reconstruction model, position precision and surface quality satisfaction, which design a model, to be required,
Work pieces process is completed；When the shape of reconstruction model, position precision and surface quality, which are unsatisfactory for designing a model, to be required, to being unsatisfactory for
Then machining allowance is distributed by Step 1: Step 2: the sequence of step 3 continues to add according to processing technology in the region of design requirement
Work；
(4), the frequency-tracking in rotary ultrasonic machining
Guarantee the progress and efficiency of rotary ultrasonic machining, it is necessary to assure ultrasonic vibration system always works in the humorous of system
Under vibration frequency, the output amplitude of energy converter is maximum at this time, but in actual processing, the resonance frequency of energy converter will float
It moves, this is because load moment changes, as processing progress tool heads abrasion is increasingly severe, energy converter generates heat in process
Etc. factors influence, if adjusted not in time, entire vibrational system will be detuning, output amplitude reduce even disappear, can make to press
Photoelectric transformation efficiency reduces the ability for even losing Ultrasonic machining；
It is tracked using combination frequency, i.e., uses maximum current method and phase locking technique simultaneously, set an electric current threshold in software
Value is adjusted the frequency of supersonic generator according to frequency conversion search method using software, makes it when detecting electric current less than threshold electric current
It is drawn close to system resonance frequencies, once frequency tune then is carried out using phase-locked loop circuit into the capture zone range of phase-locked loop circuit
It is whole, until the output frequency of supersonic generator is equal in the resonance frequency of entire vibrational system.
The present invention uses wheel grinding roughing, and then ultrasonic wave added finishes, and Ultrasonic machining mode adds for rotary ultrasonic
Work, spirit be on by ultrasonic vibration tools hammering movement and tool rotation ablation be combined together, be pass
Ultrasonic machining and the diamond grinding Material Removal Mechanism of uniting it is compound, pass through control frequency f during Ultrasonic machining and flow through and changes
The electric current I of energy device1Vibration velocity is stablized during realizing Ultrasonic machining, guarantees the quality of processing.
Claims (9)
1. the forming machine tool of a kind of composite wheel roughing and ultrasonic wave added finishing, it is characterised in that: led including gantry, Z-direction
Rail one, wheel grinding tool, ultrasonic tool system, Z-direction guide rail two, pedestal, Y-direction guide rail, X direction guiding rail, rotary oscillation twin shaft turn
Platform, two of them gantry are bolted to connection respectively in the left and right sides of pedestal, and Y-direction guide rail passes through the longitudinally fixed company of bolt
It connects in the middle position of submounts, X direction guiding rail is laterally fixedly mounted on the slide carriage of Y-direction guide rail by bolt, rotary oscillation
Double axle table is by the way that on the longitudinally fixed slide carriage for being mounted on X direction guiding rail of bolt, Z-direction guide rail one is bolted to connection in left side
Middle position on the right side of gantry, grinding tool are bolted to connection on the slide carriage of Z-direction guide rail one, the Z-direction guide rail
Two are fixedly connected on the middle position on the left of the gantry of right side by bolt, and the ultrasonic tool system is bolted to connection
On the slide carriage of Z-direction guide rail two.
2. the forming machine tool of a kind of composite wheel roughing according to claim 1 and ultrasonic wave added finishing, feature
Be: the wheel grinding tool include electric pushrod, top chock, pedestal, hollow shaft motor, hollow shaft, open-top screw thread set,
Step, grinding wheel fixed end cap, grinding wheel, taper splined shaft, lower bearing, upper bearing (metal), wherein top chock is connected by screw to
In the upper end of pedestal, step is connected by screw in the lower end of pedestal, and upper bearing (metal) is fixedly mounted on upper bearing (metal) by retainer ring
In seat, lower bearing is fixedly mounted in step by retainer ring, and hollow shaft motor is fixedly connected among pedestal by both ends,
Hollow shaft is fixedly connected on the rotor of hollow shaft motor by screw, and the upper and lower ends of hollow shaft pass through lower bearing and upper axis
It holds, electric pushrod is connected by screw in top chock upper end, and the push rod of electric pushrod is slidably connected with hollow shaft, and be open spiral shell
Line set is fixedly connected with the telescopic rod of electric pushrod, and taper splined shaft and open-top screw thread set are connected through a screw thread, and and hollow shaft
By cone spline connection, grinding wheel is fixedly connected by grinding wheel fixation end cap and taper splined shaft.
3. the forming machine tool of a kind of composite wheel roughing according to claim 1 and ultrasonic wave added finishing, feature
Be: the ultrasonic tool system include motor, shaft coupling, transmission shaft, for electric slip ring, sandwich piezoelectric transducer, online
Measuring instrument, motor supporting base, pedestal, ultrasonic-frequency power supply, wherein motor supporting base is fixedly connected on pedestal by screw, ultrasonic electric
Source is fixedly connected on pedestal by screw, and the on-line measurement instrument is fixedly connected on the upside of PZT (piezoelectric transducer), piezoelectric energy-conversion
Device is fixedly connected on pedestal by screw, and shaft coupling is connected by key to be fixedly connected with the main shaft of motor, and transmission shaft passes through key
It is connected on shaft coupling, and is fixedly connected with tool heads rotary shaft by screw, the inner ring and transmission shaft for electric slip ring are fixed to be connected
It connects, and outer ring is fixedly connected with ultrasonic-frequency power supply.
4. the forming machine tool of a kind of composite wheel roughing according to claim 3 and ultrasonic wave added finishing, feature
Be: the sandwich piezoelectric transducer includes upper end cover, driving sleeve, bearing, pedestal, bolt, energy converter front shroud, pressure
Electroceramics piece, copper electrode ring plate, amplitude transformer, hollow rotating shaft, wherein upper end cover is fixedly connected on pedestal upper end by screw, hollow
Shaft is fixed in pedestal in such a way that bearing is fixed using both ends, and driving sleeve is fixedly connected on hollow rotating shaft by screw
Upper end, energy converter front shroud, piezoelectric ceramic piece, copper electrode ring plate are bolted to connection in amplitude transformer upper end, amplitude transformer
It is fixedly connected by screw with energy converter front shroud lower end, and is fixedly connected with hollow rotating shaft lower end by screw.
5. the forming machine tool of a kind of composite wheel roughing according to claim 1 and ultrasonic wave added finishing, feature
Be: the rotary oscillation double axle table includes left-hand rotation platform, connecting plate, clamping workpiece system, right-hand rotation platform, pedestal, turntable,
Middle left-hand rotation platform is fixedly connected on the upside of pedestal by screw, and right-hand rotation platform is fixedly connected on the upside of pedestal by screw, and connecting plate is logical
It crosses on the right side of screw and left-hand rotation platform and is fixedly connected, and be fixedly connected on the left of right-hand rotation platform by screw, turntable connects by the way that screw is fixed
It connects on the upside of connecting plate, clamping workpiece system is fixedly connected on the upside of turntable by screw.
6. the forming machine tool of a kind of composite wheel roughing according to claim 5 and ultrasonic wave added finishing, feature
Be: the left-hand rotation platform includes end cap one, turntable seat one, coding disk, hollow shaft motor one, ring flange one, turntable one, bearing
One, wherein hollow shaft motor one is connected by screw on one right side of end cap, and end cap one is fixedly connected on turntable seat one by screw
Left side, coding disk are fixedly connected on one upside of turntable seat by screw, and ring flange one is fixedly connected on hollow shaft electricity by screw
On the rotor of machine one, bearing one is fixed in turntable seat one by fixed outer ring, and turntable one is fixedly connected on flange by screw
On disk one, and pass through the inner ring of bearing one.
7. the forming machine tool of a kind of composite wheel roughing according to claim 5 and ultrasonic wave added finishing, feature
Be: the turntable includes turntable two, bearing two, turntable seat two, pedestal, hollow shaft motor two, ring flange two, wherein hollow
Spindle motor two is fixedly connected on pedestal by screw, and turntable seat two is fixedly connected on pedestal by screw, ring flange two-way
It crosses screw to be fixedly connected on the rotor of hollow shaft motor two, bearing two is fixed in turntable seat two by fixed outer ring, turntable two
It is fixedly connected on ring flange two by screw, and passes through the inner ring of bearing two.
8. the forming machine tool of a kind of composite wheel roughing according to claim 5 and ultrasonic wave added finishing, feature
Be: the right-hand rotation platform includes turntable three, turntable seat three, end cap two, bearing three, round nut, and wherein end cap two passes through screw
It is fixedly connected on three right side of turntable seat, the bearing three is fixed in turntable seat three by fixed outer ring, the turntable threeway
The inner ring of bearing three is crossed, and passes through round nut clamping.
9. the forming machine tool control method of a kind of composite wheel roughing and ultrasonic wave added finishing, which is characterized in that including under
Column step:
(1), roughing
After workpiece blank is fixedly mounted on workbench by fixture, roughing is first carried out by the way of wheel grinding, slightly
In process, X, Y-direction guide rail drive workbench to realize the movement in horizontal plane, and Z-direction guide rail controls in grinding wheel vertical direction
Feeding, rotary oscillation double axle table can adjust in real time according to workpiece machining surface shape and tool sharpening position, guarantee workpiece hair
Angle between base surface and cutter；
(2), it finishes
For workpiece by using rotary ultrasonic machining to finish after roughing, principle is by the hammering campaign of ultrasonic vibration tools
Ablation with tool rotation is combined together, and the realization of machining locus drives workbench to realize level by X, Y-direction guide rail
Movement in face, Z-direction guide rail control the feeding in vertical direction, and rotary oscillation double axle table guarantees workpiece blank surface and cutter
Between angle；
(3), measurement and reverse reconstruct
Workpiece blank is by using on-line measurement instrument to acquire data to workpiece surface after Roughing and fine machining, by acquisition logarithm
According to being handled, reverse workpiece reconstruction model, while also the surface quality of workpiece is measured.It is reconstructed by reference piece
Model and workpiece design a model, when the shape of reconstruction model, position precision and surface quality satisfaction, which design a model, to be required, workpiece
It completes the process；When the shape of reconstruction model, position precision and surface quality, which are unsatisfactory for designing a model, to be required, to being unsatisfactory for designing
It is required that region according to processing technology distribute machining allowance then by Step 1: Step 2: the sequence of step 3 continues to process；
(4), the frequency-tracking in rotary ultrasonic machining
Guarantee the progress and efficiency of rotary ultrasonic machining, it is necessary to assure ultrasonic vibration system always works in the resonance frequency of system
Under rate, the output amplitude of energy converter is maximum at this time, but in actual processing, the resonance frequency of energy converter will drift about,
This is because load moment changes, carries out tool heads abrasion is increasingly severe, energy converter generates heat etc. with processing in process
The influence of factor, if adjusted not in time, entire vibrational system will be detuning, and output amplitude, which reduces, even to disappear, and can make piezoelectricity
Transfer efficiency reduces the ability for even losing Ultrasonic machining；
It is tracked using combination frequency, i.e., uses maximum current method and phase locking technique simultaneously, set an electric current threshold value in software, when
When detecting electric current and being less than threshold electric current, the frequency of supersonic generator is adjusted according to frequency conversion search method using software, makes it to being
System resonance frequency is drawn close, once phase-locked loop circuit making frequency adjustment is then utilized, directly into the capture zone range of phase-locked loop circuit
Output frequency to supersonic generator is equal in the resonance frequency of entire vibrational system.
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| CN113848817A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-12-28 | 东北大学 | Intelligent five-axis control system and method |
| CN117300657A (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2023-12-29 | 保时杰数控机床江苏有限公司 | Numerical control rotary table for metal product processing machine tool |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113848817A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-12-28 | 东北大学 | Intelligent five-axis control system and method |
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