CN109123219A - 一种黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料及其制备方法和饲喂方法 - Google Patents
一种黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料及其制备方法和饲喂方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：鱼粉30％‑45％，面粉18％‑29％，豆粕10％‑18％，鱼油10％‑20％，鼠李糖脂0.01％‑0.05％，胆固醇0.1％‑0.5％，蛋氨酸0.1％‑1％，色氨酸0.1％‑1％，β‑葡聚糖0.1％‑0.5％，氯化胆碱0.01％‑0.2％，酵母1％‑2％，水产矿物质预混料0.1％‑1％和水产维生素预混料0.1％‑1％。同时提供了该饲料的制备方法和饲喂方法。本发明饲料配合相应的饲喂方法投喂黄尾鰤幼苗，饵料系数平均值达到1.0，可显著提高网箱养殖黄尾鰤的生长速率，降低海水网箱养殖黄尾鰤的养殖成本，有效提高其养殖效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域，具体涉及一种饵料，尤其是涉及一种黄尾鰤网箱养殖饵料，还涉及该饲料的制备方法和饲喂方法。
背景技术
黄尾鰤(Seriola lalandi(Valenciennes,1833))，属于全球性非均匀分布鱼类，在东亚海域、非洲南部、印度洋、澳大利亚、美国、印度、南非海域均有分布。由于黄尾鰤肉质鲜美、生长速度快、适合网箱养殖，在澳大利亚已被确定为一个很好的水产养殖品种。随着国内与国外市场对黄尾鰤的需求量增加，该品种逐渐被重视，在澳大利亚、新西兰对黄尾鰤养殖繁育技术的开发也逐渐开展起来。在日本，深水网箱被普遍用于黄尾鰤养成阶段的养殖，不仅如此，其他国家的初步研究表明黄尾鰤非常适合高密度、网箱养殖的集约化生产。但是该鱼的养殖模式还局限于野生捕捞幼鱼，海水网箱养成的基础模式，因此，一种能够有效提高黄尾鰤网箱养殖效率，降低生产成本的专用饵料尤为重要。人工饲料由于营养成分稳定、操作方便、水质污染小等优点，已成为黄尾鰤网箱养殖的首选饵料。采用传统的投喂冰鲜杂鱼的方法，大量的投喂会造成养殖水体水质迅速恶化。另一方面，非专用饵料的长期使用导致幼鱼饵料吸收利用率低，生长速度慢，将直接增加养殖成本，造成生产过程中不必要的浪费。
发明内容
针对黄尾鰤网箱养殖缺乏专用饲料、养殖成本高等问题，本发明的第一目的是提供一种黄尾鰤网箱养殖饵料，该饵料可有效缩短养殖时间，降低网箱养殖过程中养殖成本，有效的提高其生产效率；第二目的是提供上述黄尾鰤网箱养殖饵料的制备方法；第三目的是提供上述黄尾鰤网箱养殖饵料的饲喂方法。
本发明第一目的，通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：鱼粉30％-45％，面粉18％-29％，豆粕10％-18％，鱼油10％-20％，鼠李糖脂0.01％-0.05％，胆固醇0.1％-0.5％，蛋氨酸0.1％-1％，色氨酸0.1％-1％，β-葡聚糖0.1％-0.5％，氯化胆碱0.01％-0.2％，酵母1％-2％，水产矿物质预混料0.1％-1％和水产维生素预混料0.1％-1％。
优选地，所述黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：鱼粉40％，面粉25％，豆粕15％，鱼油16％，鼠李糖脂0.03％，胆固醇0.2％，蛋氨酸0.5％，色氨酸0.5％，β-葡聚糖0.2％，氯化胆碱0.1％，酵母1.47％，水产维生素预混料0.5％和水产矿物质预混料0.5％。
所述水产维生素预混料为每千克含量维生素A IU 1100000,维生素D3 IU320000,烟酸7800mg维生素E 2500mg,维生素B1 1000mg,生物素8mg,维生素B2 2000mg,维生素B6 1000mg,叶酸400mg,维生素B12 125mg,维生素C 18000mg,钾1.1％,食盐4.5％,蛋氨酸400mg,水分≤10％。
所述水产维生素预混料的载体为变性淀粉。
所述水产矿物质预混料为每千克含量磷40g，钙15g，铁7g，铜200mg，锌3g，锰2g，镁25g，碘30mg，钴10mg，硒10mg。
所述水产矿物质预混料的载体为沸石粉。
本发明添加的鼠李糖脂可以通过分散和润湿性能来使物质扩散，促进消化吸收，同时它可以抑制真菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长，保证饵料混合物的体系稳定。
本发明添加的β-葡聚糖具有清肠、降低胆固醇、调节血糖、提高免疫力等四大生理作用。
本发明添加了蛋氨酸，色氨酸，维生素，矿物质等，为黄尾鰤生长生存提供了必要的元素。
本发明的第二目的，通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种上述黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：按配方量称取各组分，加入灭菌水搅拌混合均匀，再制成颗粒饲料；将颗粒饲料进行干燥，再进行冷藏待用。
所述灭菌水的添加量为饲料总重量的16％-24％。优选地，灭菌水的添加量为饲料总重量的20％。
所述颗粒饲料为圆柱形，宽度为5-8mm，长度为5-15mm。
所述干燥为置于阴凉通风处晾干。
所述冷藏温度为-4℃。
本发明的第三目的，通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种上述黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料的饲喂方法，其为每天早上投喂一次饲料，采用先快速投喂和后缓慢投喂相结合的方式投喂饵料。
所述投喂饲料的时间为早上8：00，初始投喂量为380±20g/网箱，每网箱400尾鱼，随着鱼苗的生长投喂量逐渐增加，每次投喂量视鱼苗摄食情况而定，鱼苗摄食旺盛则增加投喂，反之减少。
所述快速投喂为每网箱在3min内投喂总投喂量2/3的饲料；所述缓慢投喂为3-5次投喂余下总投喂量1/3的饲料。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明的饲料可以满足黄尾鰤幼苗成长需要，各组分均容易获取，制备方法简单，制得的饲料为圆柱形颗粒，大小合适，适口性强，黄尾鰤幼鱼的摄食量明显提高；
(2)本发明的饲料中鼠李糖脂可以抑制真菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长，保证饵料的体系稳定，同时促进黄尾鰤对饵料的消化吸收，提高饵料营养物质的利用率，缩短养殖时间，降低了养殖成本；
(3)本发明的饲料配合相应的饲喂方法投喂黄尾鰤幼苗，饵料系数平均值达到1.0，远低于传统饲料，对黄尾鰤幼鱼进行网箱养殖投喂，生长速率显著优于采用传统颗粒饲料的投喂效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细说明，以便本领域技术人员更好地理解和实施。实施例中水产维生素预混料为每千克含量维生素A IU 1100000,维生素D3IU 320000,烟酸7800mg维生素E 2500mg,维生素B1 1000mg,生物素8mg,维生素B22000mg,维生素B6 1000mg,叶酸400mg,维生素B12 125mg,维生素C 18000mg,钾1.1％,食盐4.5％,蛋氨酸400mg,水分≤10％，载体为变性淀粉；水产矿物质预混料为每千克含量磷40g，钙15g，铁7g，铜200mg，锌3g，锰2g，镁25g，碘30mg，钴10mg，硒10mg，载体为沸石粉。
实施例一
一种黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：鱼粉40％，面粉24％，豆粕14％，鱼油18％，鼠李糖脂0.02％，胆固醇0.2％，蛋氨酸0.5％，色氨酸0.5％，β-葡聚糖0.2％，氯化胆碱0.1％，酵母1.48％，水产维生素预混料0.5％和水产矿物质预混料0.5％。
本实施例中黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料的制备方法：按配方量称取各组分预混后，加入饲料总重量20％的灭菌淡水搅拌均匀，再制成圆柱形颗粒饲料，饲料宽度为5-8mm，长度为5-15mm；将颗粒饲料置于阴凉通风处晾干，晾干后放入-4℃冰箱冷藏待用。
本实施例中黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料的饲喂方法：每天早上8：00投喂一次饲料，初始投喂量为380g/网箱，每网箱400尾鱼，随着鱼苗的生长投喂量逐渐增加，每次投喂量视鱼苗摄食情况而定，鱼苗摄食旺盛则增加投喂，反之减少。采用先快速投喂和后缓慢投喂相结合的方式投喂饵料，具体为第一遍快速大量投喂，每网箱在3min内投喂总投喂量2/3的饲料，快速将所有网箱投喂一遍，但保证不会有饲料落出网底；第二遍缓慢投喂，4次投喂余下总投喂量1/3的饲料，保证绝大多数鱼苗吃到料并吃饱，而且不会有饲料浪费；在极端天气或者特殊情况停止投喂。
实施例二
一种黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：鱼粉35％，面粉27％，豆粕16％，鱼油18％，鼠李糖脂0.025％，胆固醇0.2％，蛋氨酸0.5％，色氨酸0.5％，β-葡聚糖0.2％，氯化胆碱0.1％，酵母1.475％，水产维生素预混料0.5％和水产矿物质预混料0.5％。
本实施例黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料的制备方法和饲喂方法同实施例一。
实施例三
一种黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：鱼粉40％，面粉25％，豆粕15％，鱼油16％，鼠李糖脂0.03％，胆固醇0.2％，蛋氨酸0.5％，色氨酸0.5％，β-葡聚糖0.2％，氯化胆碱0.1％，酵母1.47％，水产维生素预混料0.5％和水产矿物质预混料0.5％。
本实施例黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料的制备方法和饲喂方法同实施例一。
实施例四
一种黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：鱼粉35％，面粉25％，豆粕16％，鱼油20％，鼠李糖脂0.045％，胆固醇0.4％，蛋氨酸0.3％，色氨酸0.3％，β-葡聚糖0.4％，氯化胆碱0.1％，酵母1.455％，水产维生素预混料0.3％和水产矿物质预混料0.7％。
本实施例黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料的制备方法和饲喂方法同实施例一。
实施例五
一种黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：鱼粉40％，面粉27％，豆粕13％，鱼油16％，鼠李糖脂0.035％，胆固醇0.3％，蛋氨酸0.4％，色氨酸0.4％，β-葡聚糖0.3％，氯化胆碱0.1％，酵母1.465％，水产维生素预混料0.7％和水产矿物质预混料0.3％。
本实施例黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料的制备方法和饲喂方法同实施例一。
实验例
饲料投喂实验在4m3网箱中进行；实验地点在某海湾进行；每个网箱内放养黄尾鰤10cm幼苗400尾；试验组采用本实施例三制得的颗粒饲料投喂，共计有4个实验网箱；对照组采用传统冰鲜炮弹鱼(Bulletmackerel)投喂，共计4个实验网箱。实验水温在18.1-23℃，光照周期在13.3h光：10.7h暗；投喂时按照上述饲喂方法进行投喂。采用双人人工记录的方式，在每天早晨投喂时记录每一个网箱的摄食量，实验周期为3个月，实验结果见表1。
表1.投饵实验结果
饲料投喂实验结果表明，采用本发明所述饲料投喂黄尾鰤幼苗，鱼苗平均摄食量摄食量达到111.5kg，远高于投喂传统颗粒饲料摄食量96.4kg；采用本发明所述饲料投喂黄尾鰤幼苗，鱼苗平均增重量为114.5kg，远高于传统颗粒饲料增重量87.2kg；采用本发明所述饲料投喂黄尾鰤幼苗，饵料系数平均值达到1.0，远低于采用传统颗粒饲料投喂所得1.1。由此可见，采用本发明所述颗粒饲料对黄尾鰤幼鱼进行网箱养殖投喂，生长速率显著优于采用传统冰鲜炮弹鱼(Bulletmackerel)的投喂效果。
以上实施例仅为本发明的部分实施例，但并不作为对本发明的限制，任何基于本发明构思基础上做出的改进和变形，均落入本发明的保护范围之内，具体保护范围以权利要求书记载的为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料，其特征在于，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：鱼粉30％-45％，面粉18％-29％，豆粕10％-18％，鱼油10％-20％，鼠李糖脂0.01％-0.05％，胆固醇0.1％-0.5％，蛋氨酸0.1％-1％，色氨酸0.1％-1％，β-葡聚糖0.1％-0.5％，氯化胆碱0.01％-0.2％，酵母1％-2％，水产矿物质预混料0.1％-1％和水产维生素预混料0.1％-1％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料，其特征在于，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：鱼粉40％，面粉25％，豆粕15％，鱼油16％，鼠李糖脂0.03％，胆固醇0.2％，蛋氨酸0.5％，色氨酸0.5％，β-葡聚糖0.2％，氯化胆碱0.1％，酵母1.47％，水产维生素预混料0.5％和水产矿物质预混料0.5％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料，其特征在于，每千克含量维生素A IU1100000,维生素D3 IU 320000,烟酸7800mg维生素E 2500mg,维生素B1 1000mg,生物素8mg,维生素B2 2000mg,维生素B6 1000mg,叶酸400mg,维生素B12 125mg,维生素C18000mg,钾1.1％,食盐4.5％,蛋氨酸400mg,水分≤10％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料，其特征在于，所述水产矿物质预混料为每千克含量磷40g，钙15g，铁7g，铜200mg，锌3g，锰2g，镁25g，碘30mg，钴10mg，硒10mg。
5.一种权利要求1-4任一项所述的黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：按配方量称取各组分，加入灭菌水搅拌混合均匀，再制成颗粒饲料；将颗粒饲料进行干燥，再进行冷藏待用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述颗粒饲料为圆柱形，宽度为5-8mm，长度为5-15mm。
7.根据权利要求5所述的黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述冷藏温度为-4℃。
8.一种权利要求1-4任一项所述的黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料的饲喂方法，其特征在于，每天早上投喂一次饲料，采用先快速投喂和后缓慢投喂相结合的方式投喂饵料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料的饲喂方法，其特征在于，所述投喂饲料的时间为早上8：00，初始投喂量为380±20g/网箱，每网箱400尾鱼。
10.根据权利要求8所述的黄尾鰤网箱养殖饲料的饲喂方法，其特征在于，所述快速投喂为每网箱在3min内投喂总投喂量2/3的饲料；所述缓慢投喂为3-5次投喂余下总投喂量1/3的饲料。
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