CN109115648B - Method for testing moisture absorption and heat generation performances of fibers - Google Patents
Method for testing moisture absorption and heat generation performances of fibers Download PDFInfo
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- CN109115648B CN109115648B CN201810883095.4A CN201810883095A CN109115648B CN 109115648 B CN109115648 B CN 109115648B CN 201810883095 A CN201810883095 A CN 201810883095A CN 109115648 B CN109115648 B CN 109115648B
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 188
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000085 cashmere Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000434 stratum corneum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000106 sweat gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/02—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by absorbing or adsorbing components of a material and determining change of weight of the adsorbent, e.g. determining moisture content
- G01N5/025—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by absorbing or adsorbing components of a material and determining change of weight of the adsorbent, e.g. determining moisture content for determining moisture content
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
- G01N25/48—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on solution, sorption, or a chemical reaction not involving combustion or catalytic oxidation
- G01N25/4846—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on solution, sorption, or a chemical reaction not involving combustion or catalytic oxidation for a motionless, e.g. solid sample
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performance of fibers, which is characterized in that the weight, the internal temperature and the surface temperature and the humidity of a fiber aggregate at different time points are synchronously collected to obtain indexes for representing the moisture absorption and heat generation performance of the fibers in the process of carrying out moisture feeding treatment on the fiber aggregate in an enclosed space; the index is more than one of an internal maximum heating value, an internal average heating value, a surface maximum heating value, a surface average heating value and a moisture absorption heating value H; the maximum internal temperature rise value and the maximum surface temperature rise value are the maximum values of the differences between the temperatures of the inside and the surface of the fiber aggregate and the corresponding blank values, respectively, the average internal temperature rise value and the average surface temperature rise value are the average values of the differences between the temperatures of the inside and the surface of the fiber aggregate and the corresponding blank values at all time points, respectively, and the blank values are the temperatures of the inside and the surface of the fiber aggregate before the start of the wet treatment. The application can realize synchronous measurement of the moisture absorption capacity and the temperature rise value of the fiber and has good humidity environment simulation effect.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of textile fiber testing methods, and relates to a method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of fibers.
Background
Along with the development of scientific technology and the improvement of living standard of people, people put higher demands on the beauty and functions of textile clothes, and the idea of taking light, thin and warm clothes is popular. The self-heating fabric realizes warm keeping in an independent heat generation mode, is mainly prepared from moisture absorption and heating type fibers, has multiple functions of moisture absorption, heating, static resistance, flame retardance and the like, can adapt to the change of microclimate among external environment, human bodies and clothes, well meets the pursuit of people on the thermal comfort of textiles, and can further improve the administration value of new textile materials.
Related international and national standards currently in common use for characterizing the hygroscopic and exothermic properties of textiles include ISO 16533, ISO 18782, GB/T29866 and FZ/T73036. The evaluation method in the standard is to test the moisture absorption and heat generation temperature change value of the regulated fabric with the specified size transferred from the low humidity environment to the high humidity environment at a constant temperature, and the test result can directly reflect the moisture absorption and heat generation performance of the fabric, but can only reflect the related performance of the fiber from the side. CN106248713a sets the temperature of the test box to a constant temperature rising process of 20 ℃ to 35 ℃ on the basis of national standard GB/T29866, and the change value of the hygroscopic and exothermic temperature of the fabric is also tested. Although the method is improved against the defects of national standard GB/T29866, the method can still reflect the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fiber from the side. Meanwhile, the prior art uses a high humidity environment with 90% RH as a simulation environment, but in practice, microclimate between clothing and human body is difficult to reach the humidity with 90% RH. In the environment-clothing-body system, heat emitted from the body and perspiration need to be transferred through the clothing to the outside environment. Wherein, the human body dehumidifying mode comprises: 1) Tissue fluid of a normal human body directly seeps out of the skin; 2) The moisture in the human body diffuses to the surface of the human body through the stratum corneum of the skin and then evaporates into the air; 3) Sweat is secreted through sweat glands. The moisture-absorbing and heat-generating garment contacted with the skin absorbs heat generated by extremely fine liquid sweat dissipated by the human body to a greater extent. The simulation effect of a high humidity environment of 90% rh is therefore not realistic. In addition, the above test method can detect only the index of the temperature rise value, and cannot detect the moisture absorption amount simultaneously.
Therefore, the research of the measuring method which has good humidity environment simulation effect and can synchronously detect the moisture absorption capacity and the temperature rise value of the fiber has very practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the problems that the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of fibers cannot be directly tested, the simulation effect of the humidity environment is poor, and the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fibers cannot be synchronously detected in the prior art, and provides the test method for the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fibers, which has good simulation effect of the humidity environment and can synchronously detect the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fibers, can realize synchronous detection of the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the textile fibers, can simulate and calculate the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of different fibers, and can realize comparison of the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of different fibers. According to the application, the micro-climate environment between the garment and the human body is simulated by the fine water mist generated by the atomization device for the wet fibers, so that the optimal simulation effect is achieved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
in the process of carrying out moisture-feeding treatment on a fiber aggregate in a closed space, synchronously collecting the weight, the internal temperature and humidity and the surface temperature and humidity of the fiber aggregate at different time points with preset frequency to obtain indexes for representing the moisture-absorbing and heat-emitting performance of the fiber; the fiber aggregate is any one or more of natural fibers or chemical fibers with standard moisture regain of more than 8%, such as cotton fibers, viscose fibers, wool fibers, cashmere fibers, polyacrylate fibers and the like, and can be yarns prepared by pure spinning of various fibers or yarns prepared by blending with other fibers;
the index is one or more of an internal maximum heating value, an internal average heating value, a surface maximum heating value, a surface average heating value and a moisture absorption heating value H;
the maximum internal temperature rise value and the maximum surface temperature rise value are respectively the maximum value of the difference between the internal temperature and the surface temperature of the fiber aggregate and the corresponding blank value, the average internal temperature rise value and the average surface temperature rise value are respectively the average value of the difference between the internal temperature and the surface temperature of the fiber aggregate and the corresponding blank value at all time points, the blank value can be the temperature of the internal temperature and the surface of the fiber aggregate before the start of the moisture giving treatment or the temperature of the internal temperature and the surface of the same time point of the fiber aggregate, the contrast sample is not subjected to the moisture giving treatment, other conditions (including the condition of the contrast sample, the condition of the environment where the contrast sample is located and the related condition of the contrast sample test, the related condition of the contrast sample test includes the position of the contrast sample) are the same as the fiber aggregate sample, and when the fiber aggregate sample or the contrast sample is internally or the surface is provided with a plurality of measurement points, for example, when the surface of the fiber aggregate sample is provided with 3 measurement points, the surface temperature of the fiber aggregate sample is the average value of the temperature of the 3 measurement points;
the calculation formula of the moisture absorption and heating value H is as follows:
wherein P is b Is at atmospheric pressure, the unit is Pa, phi 0 For giving humidity in the enclosed space at the beginning of the wet treatment, in T 0 And t 0 Are temperatures in the closed space at the beginning of the wet treatment, the units are K and P respectively v·s 0 At a temperature t 0 Corresponding saturated vapor pressure, the unit is Pa, V 1 The unit of the volume of the fiber aggregate is m 3 ，m 1 For the mass of the fiber aggregate at the beginning of the wet treatment, the unit is g, ρ is the density of the fibers, and the unit is g/m 3 ，M a 28.965 in g/mol, R8.314 in J/(mol.K), M v At 18.1, T or T is the maximum value of the average values of the internal and surface temperatures of the fiber aggregate at different time points, namely the maximum value of the ratio of the sum of the internal and surface temperatures of the fiber aggregate at different time points to the number of measurement points (namely the average value is obtained by dividing the sum of the internal and surface temperatures of the fiber aggregate at different time points by the number of measurement points, each time point corresponds to one average value, the average values corresponding to different time points are compared to obtain the maximum value), and is expressed by the units of the temperature and K, phi is the average value of the humidity of the internal and surface of the fiber aggregate when the average value of the temperature reaches T, namely the ratio of the sum of the humidity of the internal and surface temperatures of the fiber aggregate to the number of measurement points when the average value of the temperature reaches T (the average value of the internal and surface temperatures of the fiber aggregate is known at the time point of the acquisition, the sum of the humidity of the fiber aggregate corresponding to the time point is divided by the number of measurement points), and P is expressed by the unit of% v·s The saturated vapor pressure corresponding to the temperature t is expressed in Pa, M is the water consumption for the wet treatment, g, deltam is the moisture absorption of the fiber aggregate when the average value of the internal and surface temperatures reaches t, and g and V 2 Is the volume of the closed space, and has the unit of m 3 ，h s The enthalpy value of water corresponding to the temperature t is expressed as J/g, C Φ At a temperature of T 0 And the humidity is phi 0 The specific heat capacity of the fiber is expressed in J/(g·k), i is the number of time points, N is the total number of time points from the start of the wet treatment to the time when the average temperature of the fiber aggregate reaches t, i=1, 2,3,.. i The weight of the fiber aggregate at the ith time point is expressed as g and B i The sum of the weights of the fiber aggregate and the container for accommodating the fiber aggregate at the ith time point is expressed in g and B i-1 The sum of the weights of the fiber aggregate and the container for accommodating the fiber aggregate at the (i-1) th time point is expressed in g, B 0 The sum of the weights of the fiber aggregate and the container for accommodating the fiber aggregate at the beginning of the wet treatment is expressed in g and C S At a temperature t 0 The specific heat capacity of the corresponding water is J/(g.K), F i The average value of the internal and surface temperatures of the fiber aggregate at the ith time point is expressed in DEG C, F i-1 Is the average value of the internal and surface temperatures of the fiber aggregate at the i-1 th time point, and is expressed in terms of DEG C, F 0 The average value of the internal and surface temperatures of the fiber aggregate at the start of the wet-feeding treatment is expressed in ℃.
As a preferable technical scheme:
the method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fiber comprises the steps of opening, drying, cooling and temperature and humidity regulating, wherein the drying refers to drying in an oven at 105+/-2 ℃ for more than 2 hours, the temperature and humidity regulating is carried out in a climatic chamber with the temperature of 20+/-2 ℃ and the humidity of 40+/-3%, and the temperature and humidity regulating is carried out for 24 hours.
According to the method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fiber, the moisture feeding treatment adopts a spraying mode, the spraying speed is 25+/-5 g/h, the testing period is 30-90 min, and the preset frequency is 10 seconds.
In the method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation properties of the fiber, the mass of the fiber aggregate at the beginning of the moisture supply treatment is 10 g+/-0.05 g, the fiber aggregate is in a cylindrical structure, the diameter is 80+/-2 mm, and the height is 100+/-2 mm.
According to the method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performance of the fiber, the temperature in the closed space at the beginning of the moisture feeding treatment is 20+/-2 ℃, the humidity is 40+/-3%, and the wind speed is less than 0.2m/s.
According to the method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fibers, the atomization device is adopted in the moisture supply treatment, the closed space is the space inside the test cylinder, the fiber aggregate is positioned in the test cylinder, the collection is realized through the meter and the temperature and humidity signal collection device, and the index is calculated through the data processing device;
the atomizing device is communicated with the testing cylinder and used for generating water mist and transmitting the water mist into the testing cylinder, the testing cylinder is located in a closed space in the testing cylinder and communicated with the testing cylinder, the meter is located below the testing cylinder and used for weighing, the temperature and humidity signal acquisition device is used for acquiring the temperature and humidity of the inside and the surface of a sample, and the data processing device is connected with the meter and the temperature and humidity signal acquisition device and used for processing weight, temperature and humidity data. The data processing apparatus may be a computer or the like.
In order to better simulate the microclimate environment between the clothing and the human body, the fiber moisture absorption and heat generation performance measuring device is placed in a microclimate room with the wind speed of less than 0.2m/s for testing.
According to the method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fiber, the testing cylinder is of a cylinder structure and consists of the cylinder body a with only one end open and the cylinder cover movably connected with the cylinder body a, and the side wall of the cylinder body a is provided with 3 circular through holes I which are positioned on the same horizontal plane and are uniformly distributed on the circumference;
the test cylinder is made of an organic glass plate, the inner diameter of the test cylinder is 140+/-3 mm, the height of the test cylinder is 250+/-3 mm, and the distance between the hole center of the through hole I and the bottom of the test cylinder is 100+/-3 mm;
the test cylinder is positioned on the counter, the counter is an electronic balance, the measuring range is 0-150 g, and the precision is 0.001g.
According to the method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fiber, the atomization device comprises the ultrasonic atomizer, the flow rate controller and the flowmeter which are sequentially communicated through the gas pipe, and the flowmeter is simultaneously connected with the 3 through holes I through the gas pipe.
According to the method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fiber, the test cylinder is of a cylindrical structure and consists of a cylinder body b with only one end open and a disc-shaped baffle;
four supporting rods which are uniformly distributed on the circumference and parallel to the central shaft of the cylinder body b are fixed on the inner side wall of the cylinder body b, sliding blocks are arranged on the four supporting rods and are connected with bolts, a plurality of bolt holes for the bolts to pass through are formed in the four supporting rods, and graduated scales are arranged on the four supporting rods and are directly formed on the supporting rods through imprinting or fixed on the supporting rods through adhesion;
the baffle is positioned on the sliding block, the diameter of the baffle is equal to the inner diameter of the cylinder b, three circular through holes II are formed in the baffle, and the diameter of the baffle is 80+/-2 mm; the number and the positions of the through holes II and the supporting rods can be set according to actual requirements, and only one feasible scheme is listed here;
the side wall of the cylinder body b and the baffle are of a net structure, meshes are square, the number of the meshes is 8, the height of the test cylinder is 200+/-2 mm, and the test cylinder are coaxial; the mesh shape, the mesh number, the test cylinder height and the baffle diameter of the application are not limited to the above, and the mesh shape, the mesh number, the test cylinder height and the baffle diameter can be set according to the requirements in actual operation;
the aperture of the three circular through holes II is 10mm, the hole centers are positioned on the same straight line, one hole center coincides with the circle center of the baffle, and the distance between the other two hole centers and the edge of the baffle is 15mm. The aperture and the relative position of the through hole II are not limited thereto, and may be set according to actual requirements.
According to the method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fiber, the temperature and humidity signal acquisition device mainly comprises the temperature and humidity probes and the signal acquisition device which are mutually connected through the cable, wherein the total number of the temperature and humidity probes is 3, the temperature and humidity probes respectively penetrate into the test cylinder through three through holes II, and the distance between the temperature and humidity probes and the bottom of the test cylinder is 50+/-2 mm; the 3 temperature and humidity probes are distributed in the test barrel uniformly at different positions corresponding to the test barrel, so that the accuracy of the measurement result is improved to a certain extent, more than 3 temperature and humidity probes can be selected for testing, and the measurement result is more accurate;
the signal collector is connected with the data processing device; the test precision of the temperature and humidity probe is +/-0.1 ℃ and +/-1%. Temperature and humidity probes with different testing precision can be selected according to actual conditions, but the testing precision of the temperature and humidity probes can directly influence the measuring precision of the moisture absorption and heating performance of the fiber.
The method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performance of the fiber comprises the following steps:
a) Mechanical opening is carried out on textile fibers required by the test, a certain amount of fibers are randomly selected, the selected fibers are dried and cooled, and the fibers are placed in a climatic chamber for temperature and humidity adjustment;
b) Randomly weighing quantitative fibers from the fibers subjected to temperature and humidity adjustment to serve as samples to be measured;
c) Opening a test cylinder, uniformly filling fibers into the test cylinder by using tweezers, adjusting the volume of the fibers in the test cylinder by using a baffle plate to ensure that the fibers have a certain degree of fluffiness, and fixing a temperature and humidity probe in the test cylinder;
d) Starting a temperature and humidity probe and a meter, recording the temperature and humidity of the inside and the surface of a sample to be measured as respective blank values after the temperature and humidity probe and the meter reach stability, and recording the weighing indication of the meter as the blank weight value;
e) Starting an atomization device, adjusting the water mist spraying amount according to the flowmeter, and counting the accumulated flow; the temperature and humidity probe detects the temperature and humidity of a sample to be measured at a preset frequency in a measurement period, and transmits the temperature and humidity of the sample to be measured to the data processing device; the weight of the sample to be measured is detected by the meter at a preset frequency in a measurement period, and the weight of the sample to be measured and a container for accommodating the fiber aggregate is transmitted to the data processing device; the data processing device analyzes and processes the acquired signals to obtain required results, namely indexes such as the maximum internal temperature rise value, the average internal temperature rise value, the maximum surface temperature rise value, the average surface temperature rise value, the moisture absorption heat productivity and the like of the fiber aggregate sample are obtained.
The beneficial effects are that:
(1) According to the method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fibers, disclosed by the application, the atomization device is introduced, so that the human sweat state is simulated to wet the fiber aggregate in an atomized water form, and the simulation effect is good;
(2) According to the method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fibers, the temperature and humidity probe and the meter are used for simultaneously detecting the temperature and weight changes of the fiber aggregate, so that the moisture absorption and heat generation amount is calculated in a simulation mode, and the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fibers are directly tested;
(3) According to the method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fibers, provided by the application, not only is the condition of direct moisture absorption and heat generation of the fibers considered, but also the influence of moisture absorption and conduction of the fibers is considered, so that synchronous detection of moisture absorption capacity and heat generation and temperature rise values of the textile fibers is realized, and meanwhile, the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of raw material fibers of different textile fabrics can be transversely compared;
(4) The method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fiber has strong functionality and high detection precision, provides a new detection means for accurately measuring the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fiber aggregate, and has great application prospects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring moisture absorption and heat generation performance of a fiber according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the device of FIG. 1 in the area where the cartridge is located;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device of FIG. 1 in the region of the cartridge;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the test cartridge device of FIG. 1;
the device comprises a 10-atomizing device, a 11-ultrasonic atomizer, a 12-flow rate controller, a 13-flowmeter, a 20-flowmeter, a 30-test cylinder, a 31-test cylinder, a 32-baffle, a 33-through hole I, a 34-sample, a 35-bolt, a 36-slider, a 37-stay bar, a 38-through hole II, a 40-signal collector, a 41-temperature and humidity probe I, a 42-temperature and humidity probe II, a 43-temperature and humidity probe III and a 50-data processing device.
Detailed Description
The application is further described below in conjunction with the detailed description. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the present application, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the application as defined in the appended claims.
The measuring device for the moisture absorption and heat generation performance of the fiber comprises an atomization device 10, a test cylinder 30, a test cylinder 31, a counter 20, a temperature and humidity signal acquisition device and a data processing device 50, wherein the test cylinder 30 is of a cylindrical structure as shown in fig. 2 and 3, is made of an organic glass plate, and consists of a cylinder body a with one end open and a cylinder cover movably connected with the cylinder body a, 3 circular through holes I33 which are positioned on the same horizontal plane and uniformly distributed on the circumference are formed in the side wall of the cylinder body a, the inner diameter of the test cylinder 30 is 140+/-3 mm, the height of the test cylinder is 250+/-3 mm, and the distance between the hole center of the through hole I33 and the bottom of the test cylinder is 100+/-3 mm.
The atomizing device 10 is communicated with the test cylinder 30 and is used for generating water mist and transmitting the water mist into the test cylinder 30, the test cylinder 31 is positioned in a closed space in the test cylinder 30 and is mutually communicated and is used for accommodating a sample 34, the test cylinder 31 is of a cylindrical structure coaxial with the test cylinder 30 as shown in fig. 4, the test cylinder is composed of a cylinder body b with an opening at one end only and a disc-shaped baffle 32, four supporting rods 37 which are uniformly distributed on the inner side wall of the cylinder body b and parallel to the central shaft of the cylinder body b are fixed on the inner side wall of the cylinder body b, sliding blocks 36 are arranged on the four supporting rods 37, the sliding blocks 36 are connected with bolts 35, a plurality of bolt holes for the bolts 35 to pass through are formed on the four supporting rods 37, and scale marks are directly formed on the supporting rods through imprinting or are fixed on the supporting rods through adhesion; the baffle 32 is positioned on the slide block 35, the diameter of the baffle 32 is equal to the inner diameter of the cylinder b and is 80+/-2 mm, three circular through holes II 38 with the aperture of 10mm are arranged on the baffle 32, the hole centers of the baffle 32 are positioned on the same straight line, one hole center coincides with the circle center of the baffle 32, and the distance between the other two hole centers and the edge of the baffle is 15mm; the side wall of the cylinder body b and the baffle are of a net structure, meshes are square, the number of the meshes is 8, and the height of the test cylinder is 200+/-2 mm.
The meter 20 is an electronic balance for weighing the weight, the measuring range is 0-150 g, the precision is 0.001g, and the meter 20 is positioned below the test cartridge 30 and connected with the data processing device 50 for processing weight data.
The atomizing device 10 is used for generating water mist, and comprises an ultrasonic atomizer 11, a flow rate controller 12 and a flowmeter 13 which are sequentially communicated through a gas pipe, wherein the flowmeter 13 is simultaneously connected with 3 through holes I33 through the gas pipe.
The temperature and humidity signal acquisition device is used for acquiring the temperature and humidity of the inside and the surface of a sample, mainly comprises temperature and humidity probes and signal acquisition devices 40 which are mutually connected through cables, wherein the number of the temperature and humidity probes is 3, namely temperature and humidity probes I41, temperature and humidity probes II 42 and temperature and humidity probes III 43, penetrating into the test cylinder 31 through three through holes II 38, wherein the distance between the temperature and humidity probes and the bottom of the test cylinder 31 is 50+/-2 mm, the testing precision of the temperature and humidity probes is +/-0.1 ℃, +/-1%, and the signal acquisition devices 40 are connected with the data processing device 50 and are used for processing temperature and humidity data.
The device is used for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fiber, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The fiber is subjected to opening, drying, cooling, temperature and humidity adjustment treatment to obtain a fiber aggregate; wherein the drying is carried out in an oven at 105+/-2 ℃ for 3 hours, the cooling time is more than 2 hours, the temperature and humidity regulating treatment is carried out in an artificial climate chamber at 20+/-2 ℃ and 40+/-3% of humidity, and the temperature and humidity regulating treatment time is 24 hours;
(2) Opening the test cylinder, uniformly filling the fiber aggregate into the test cylinder positioned in the test cylinder by using tweezers to serve as a sample to be tested, and fixing a temperature and humidity probe in the test cylinder, wherein the mass m of the fiber aggregate 1 10 g+ -0.05 g, the fiber aggregate is of cylindrical structure, the diameter is 80+ -2 mm, the height is 100+ -2 mm, and the temperature T in the cylinder is measured 0 Is 20 ℃ +/-2 ℃ and has humidity phi 0 40% +/-3% and wind speed less than 0.2m/s;
(3) Starting three temperature and humidity probes and meters in the fiber aggregate, and recording the inside and the surface of a sample to be measured after the temperature and humidity probes and the meters reach stabilityTwo or three temperature and humidity, wherein the temperature is taken as the respective blank temperature value T 10 、T 20 And T 30 Blank humidity value of phi 10 、Φ 20 And phi is 30 Recording the balance weighing indication as its blank weight value B 0 ；
(4) Starting an atomization device, performing moisture-feeding treatment on the fiber aggregate in a spraying manner to ensure that the spraying speed is 25+/-5 g/h, regulating the spraying amount of water mist according to a flowmeter, counting the accumulated water consumption M along with time, automatically detecting and recording the temperature T of a sample to be detected every 10 seconds by a temperature and humidity probe 1i 、T 2i 、T 3i And humidity phi 1i 、Φ 2i 、Φ 3i Transmitting the temperature and humidity of the sample to be measured to a data processing device; the balance will automatically detect the weight B of the sample to be measured and the container containing the sample to be measured every 10 seconds i Transmitting weight signal data of the sample to be measured and a container for accommodating the sample to be measured to a data processing device; the data processing device analyzes the acquired signals, and the test period is 30-90 min;
at a certain time point, the internal temperature rise value delta T of the sample to be measured 3i Namely, the result obtained by subtracting the blank temperature value from the temperature value recorded by the temperature probe in the sample, delta T 3i ＝T 3i -T 30 Internal temperature increase value Δt at different time points 3i The maximum value of (a) is the internal maximum temperature rise value, and the internal temperature rise value delta T at all time points 3i The average value of (2) is the internal average heating value;
at a certain time point, the temperature rise value delta T of the surface of the sample to be detected 12i I.e. the average result of subtracting the blank temperature value from the temperature value recorded by two temperature probes on the surface of the sample, deltaT 12i ＝[(T 1i -T 10 )+(T 2i -T 20 )]Surface temperature increase value DeltaT at different time points 12i The maximum value of (a) is the maximum surface temperature rise value, and the surface temperature rise value delta T at all time points 12i The average value of (a) is the average surface temperature rise value;
at a certain time point, the moisture absorption amount delta B of the sample to be tested i I.e. the sample to be measured and the container in which the sample to be measured is accommodatedWeight value B i Subtracting the weighing blank weight value B 0 The result obtained, ΔB i ＝B i -B 0 ；
From the above calculation, deltaT 3i 、ΔT 12i 、ΔB i Outputting the result, and simultaneously drawing a relation chart of the internal temperature rise value, the surface temperature rise value, the moisture absorption amount and the time of the sample;
simulation calculation of moisture absorption and heating value:
the fiber aggregate is integrated, wherein the microenvironment comprises fibers, humid air and atomized water. The fiber in the whole is assumed to be a heat source, the atomized water in the microenvironment is absorbed to generate heat, and the heat is transmitted to the microenvironment of the wet air and the atomized water, so that the change of the enthalpy values of the wet air and the atomized water in the microenvironment and the improvement of the fiber temperature are realized in the process that the average temperature reaches the highest value from the interior and the surface of the fiber before the fiber is wetted, and the moisture absorption and heat productivity of the fiber are further reflected.
The calculation formula of the moisture absorption and heat productivity H is as follows:
wherein P is b Is at atmospheric pressure, the unit is Pa, phi 0 For giving humidity in the enclosed space at the beginning of the wet treatment, in T 0 And t 0 Are temperatures in the closed space at the beginning of the wet treatment, the units are K and P respectively v·s 0 At a temperature t 0 Corresponding saturated vapor pressure, the unit is Pa, V 1 The unit of the volume of the fiber aggregate is m 3 ，m 1 For the mass of the fiber aggregate at the beginning of the wet treatment, the unit is g, ρ is the density of the fibers, and the unit is g/m 3 ，M a 28.965 in g/mol, R8.314 in J/(mol.K), M v At 18.1, in g/mol, T or T being the average of the internal and surface temperatures of the fibre assembly at different points in timeMaximum values (i.e. the average value obtained by dividing the sum of the internal temperature and the surface temperature by the number of measurement points, each time point corresponds to an average value, and the average values corresponding to different time points are compared to obtain the maximum value), wherein the units are respectively the temperature and K, phi are the average values of the humidity of the internal and the surface of the fiber aggregate when the average value of the temperature reaches t (the average value obtained by dividing the sum of the internal and the surface humidity of the fiber aggregate corresponding to the time point by the number of measurement points, obtained by knowing the average value of the internal and the surface temperature of the fiber aggregate), and P is v·s The saturated vapor pressure corresponding to the temperature t is expressed in Pa, M is the water consumption for the wet treatment, g, deltam is the moisture absorption of the fiber aggregate when the average value of the internal and surface temperatures reaches t, and g and V 2 Is the volume of the closed space, and has the unit of m 3 ，h s The enthalpy value of water corresponding to the temperature t is expressed as J/g, C Φ At a temperature of T 0 And the humidity is phi 0 The specific heat capacity of the fiber is expressed in J/(g·k), i is the number of time points, N is the total number of time points from the start of the wet treatment to the time when the average temperature of the fiber aggregate reaches t, i=1, 2,3,.. i The weight of the fiber aggregate at the ith time point is expressed as g and B i The sum of the weights of the fiber aggregate and the container for accommodating the fiber aggregate at the ith time point is expressed in g and B i-1 The sum of the weights of the fiber aggregate and the container for accommodating the fiber aggregate at the (i-1) th time point is expressed in g, B 0 The sum of the weights of the fiber aggregate and the container for accommodating the fiber aggregate at the beginning of the wet treatment is expressed in g and C S At a temperature t 0 The specific heat capacity of the corresponding water is J/(g.K), F i The average value of the internal and surface temperatures of the fiber aggregate at the ith time point is expressed in DEG C, F i-1 Is the average value of the internal and surface temperatures of the fiber aggregate at the i-1 th time point, and is expressed in terms of DEG C, F 0 The average value of the internal and surface temperatures of the fiber aggregate at the beginning of the wet-feeding treatment is expressed in units of℃。
The testing method can evaluate the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the raw material fibers of the textile fabric, can realize synchronous detection of the moisture absorption and heat generation and temperature rise values of the textile fiber, and can transversely compare the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the raw material fibers of different textile fabrics. The device for measuring the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fiber has strong functionality and high detection precision, and provides a new detection means for accurately measuring the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fiber aggregate.
Claims (10)
1. The method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the process of carrying out moisture-giving treatment on the fiber aggregate in the closed space, synchronously collecting the weight, the internal temperature and humidity and the surface temperature and humidity of the fiber aggregate at different time points according to preset frequency to obtain indexes for representing the moisture absorption and heat generation performances of the fiber;
the index is one or more of an internal maximum heating value, an internal average heating value, a surface maximum heating value, a surface average heating value and a moisture absorption heating value H;
the maximum internal temperature rise value and the maximum surface temperature rise value are respectively the maximum values of the difference values between the temperatures of the inside and the surface of the fiber aggregate and the blank values corresponding to the maximum temperature rise value, the average internal temperature rise value and the average surface temperature rise value are respectively the average values of the difference values between the temperatures of the inside and the surface of the fiber aggregate and the blank values corresponding to the average temperature rise value at all time points, the blank values are the temperatures of the inside and the surface of the fiber aggregate before the start of the moisture giving treatment or the temperatures of the inside and the surface of a comparison sample at the same time point, the comparison sample is not subjected to the moisture giving treatment, other conditions are the same as the fiber aggregate sample, and when the inside or the surface of the fiber aggregate sample or the comparison sample is provided with a plurality of measurement points, the temperatures are the average values of the temperatures of the plurality of measurement points;
the calculation formula of the moisture absorption and heating value H is as follows:
H＝H 2 -H 1 +Q；
wherein P is b Is at atmospheric pressure, the unit is Pa, phi 0 For giving humidity in the enclosed space at the beginning of the wet treatment, in T 0 And t 0 Are temperatures in the closed space at the beginning of the wet treatment, the units are K and P respectively v·s0 At a temperature t 0 Corresponding saturated vapor pressure, the unit is Pa, V 1 The unit of the volume of the fiber aggregate is m 3 ，m 1 For the mass of the fiber aggregate at the beginning of the wet treatment, the unit is g, ρ is the density of the fibers, and the unit is g/m 3 ，M a 28.965 in g/mol, R8.314 in J/(mol.K), M v Is 18.1, T or T is the maximum value of the average values of the internal and surface temperatures of the fiber aggregate at different time points, the units are respectively the temperature and the K, phi is the average value of the humidity of the internal and surface of the fiber aggregate when the average value of the temperature reaches T, and the unit is the percent, P v·s The saturated vapor pressure corresponding to the temperature t is expressed in Pa, M is the water consumption for the wet treatment, g, deltam is the moisture absorption of the fiber aggregate when the average value of the internal and surface temperatures reaches t, and g and V 2 Is the volume of the closed space, and has the unit of m 3 ，h s The enthalpy value of water corresponding to the temperature t is expressed as J/g, C Φ At a temperature of T 0 And the humidity is phi 0 The specific heat capacity of the fiber is expressed in J/(g·k), i is the number of time points, N is the total number of time points from the start of the wet treatment to the time when the average temperature of the fiber aggregate reaches t, i=1, 2,3,.. i The weight of the fiber aggregate at the ith time point is expressed in g,B i the sum of the weights of the fiber aggregate and the container for accommodating the fiber aggregate at the ith time point is expressed in g and B i-1 The sum of the weights of the fiber aggregate and the container for accommodating the fiber aggregate at the (i-1) th time point is expressed in g, B 0 The sum of the weights of the fiber aggregate and the container for accommodating the fiber aggregate at the beginning of the wet treatment is expressed in g and C S At a temperature t 0 The specific heat capacity of the corresponding water is J/(g.K), F i The average value of the internal and surface temperatures of the fiber aggregate at the ith time point is expressed in DEG C, F i-1 Is the average value of the internal and surface temperatures of the fiber aggregate at the i-1 th time point, and is expressed in terms of DEG C, F 0 The average value of the internal and surface temperatures of the fiber aggregate at the start of the wet-feeding treatment is expressed in ℃.
2. The method for testing the moisture and heat absorption performance of the fiber according to claim 1, wherein the fiber aggregate is the fiber subjected to opening, drying, cooling and temperature and humidity adjustment treatment, the drying is performed in an oven at 105 ℃ ± 2 ℃ for 3 hours, the cooling time is more than 2 hours, the temperature and humidity adjustment treatment is performed in an artificial climate chamber at 20 ℃ ± 2 ℃ and humidity of 40% ± 3%, and the temperature and humidity adjustment treatment time is 24 hours.
3. The method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performance of the fiber according to claim 2, wherein the moisture supply treatment adopts a spraying mode, the spraying speed is 25+/-5 g/h, the testing period is 30-90 min, and the preset frequency is 10 seconds.
4. The method for testing the hygroscopic and exothermic properties of a fiber according to claim 3, wherein the mass of the sample of the fiber aggregate at the start of the moisture-supplying treatment is 10 g.+ -. 0.05g, the fiber aggregate has a cylindrical structure as a whole, the diameter is 80.+ -. 2mm, and the height is 100.+ -. 2mm.
5. A method for testing the hygroscopic and exothermic properties of a fiber according to claim 3, wherein the temperature in the closed space at the start of the moisture supplying treatment is 20 ℃ ± 2 ℃, the humidity is 40% ± 3%, and the wind speed is less than 0.2m/s.
6. The method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performance of the fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the moisture supply treatment adopts an atomization device, the closed space is a space inside a testing cylinder, the fiber aggregate is positioned in the testing cylinder, the collection is realized through a meter and a temperature and humidity signal collection device, and the index is calculated through a data processing device;
the atomizing device is communicated with the testing cylinder and used for generating water mist and transmitting the water mist into the testing cylinder, the testing cylinder is located in a closed space in the testing cylinder and communicated with the testing cylinder, the meter is located below the testing cylinder and used for weighing, the temperature and humidity signal acquisition device is used for acquiring the temperature and humidity of the inside and the surface of a sample, and the data processing device is connected with the meter and the temperature and humidity signal acquisition device and used for processing weight, temperature and humidity data.
7. The method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performance of the fiber according to claim 6, wherein the testing cylinder is of a cylinder structure and consists of a cylinder body a with only one end open and a cylinder cover movably connected with the cylinder body a, and 3 circular through holes I which are positioned on the same horizontal plane and are uniformly distributed on the circumference are formed in the side wall of the cylinder body a;
the test cylinder is made of an organic glass plate, the inner diameter of the test cylinder is 140+/-3 mm, the height of the test cylinder is 250+/-3 mm, and the distance between the hole center of the through hole I and the bottom of the test cylinder is 100+/-3 mm;
the test cylinder is positioned on the counter, the counter is an electronic balance, the measuring range is 0-150 g, and the precision is 0.001g.
8. The method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performance of the fiber according to claim 7, wherein the atomizing device comprises an ultrasonic atomizer, a flow rate controller and a flowmeter which are sequentially communicated through a gas pipe, and the flowmeter is simultaneously connected with 3 through holes I through the gas pipe.
9. The method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performance of the fiber according to claim 8, wherein the test cylinder has a cylindrical structure and consists of a cylinder body b with only one end open and a disc-shaped baffle plate;
four supporting rods which are uniformly distributed on the circumference and parallel to the central shaft of the cylinder body b are fixed on the inner side wall of the cylinder body b, sliding blocks are arranged on the four supporting rods and are connected with bolts, a plurality of bolt holes for the bolts to pass through are formed in the four supporting rods, and graduated scales are arranged on the four supporting rods and are directly formed on the supporting rods through imprinting or fixed on the supporting rods through adhesion;
the baffle is positioned on the sliding block, the diameter of the baffle is equal to the inner diameter of the cylinder b, three circular through holes II are formed in the baffle, and the diameter of the baffle is 80+/-2 mm;
the side wall of the cylinder body b and the baffle are of a net structure, meshes are square, the number of the meshes is 8, the height of the test cylinder is 200+/-2 mm, and the test cylinder are coaxial;
the aperture of the three circular through holes II is 10mm, the hole centers are positioned on the same straight line, one hole center coincides with the circle center of the baffle, and the distance between the other two hole centers and the edge of the baffle is 15mm.
10. The method for testing the moisture absorption and heat generation performance of the fiber according to claim 9, wherein the temperature and humidity signal acquisition device mainly comprises temperature and humidity probes and signal acquisition devices which are mutually connected through cables, wherein the total number of the temperature and humidity probes is 3, the temperature and humidity probes respectively penetrate into the test cylinder through three through holes II, the distance between the temperature and humidity probes and the bottom of the test cylinder is 50+/-2 mm, and the signal acquisition devices are connected with the data processing device; the test precision of the temperature and humidity probe is +/-0.1 ℃ and +/-1%.
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