CN109111455B - 一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物、其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物、其制备方法及应用 Download PDF

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CN109111455B
CN109111455B CN201710488155.8A CN201710488155A CN109111455B CN 109111455 B CN109111455 B CN 109111455B CN 201710488155 A CN201710488155 A CN 201710488155A CN 109111455 B CN109111455 B CN 109111455B
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陈跃
丰佩川
王培祥
胡灵峰
杨阳
王茂林
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Abstract

本发明属于有机光电材料技术领域,尤其涉及一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物、其制备方法及应用。本发明制得的铱配合物不仅发光效率高,而且发射光的波长可在大范围内调节。此类铱配合物的主配体具有相同的骨架结构,通过改变杂原子在主配体上的位置和杂原子种类,对绿色发射光波长进行精细调节,这为在RGB全彩显示中蓝色和红色光材料的搭配方案的提供了更多选择。此外,不同颜色发光材料的制备方法基本相同,操作简单。

Description

一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物、其制备方法及应用
技术领域
本发明属于有机光电材料技术领域,尤其涉及一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物、其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
有机发光二极管(英文名OrganicLight-EmittingDiode,简称OLED)由于同时具备自发光,具有自发光、广视角、几乎无穷高的对比度、较低耗电、极高反应速度等优点,同时最具特色的是其可实现柔性显示,被认为是下一代的平面显示器新兴应用技术。此外,OLED作为平面光源,无论是在结构上还是在光源质量、产品特色等方面都具有传统LED照明无法企及的优势。
发光材料是OLED器件的核心材料之一。贵金属配合物作为磷光材料能够充分利用单线态和三线态激子,似的基于磷光材料的OLED实现了100%的内量子效率。在众多贵金属配合物,包括稀土元素配合物中,锇、钌、铼等配合物各具特色,但是铱配合物始终是研究热点和性能最好的材料之一。
近年来,磷光材料逐渐取代荧光材料,成为发光材料研发的热点,以Ir(PPY)3为代表的绿光材料制成的OLED器件已经突破了20%的外量子效率并用于产业化。但是绿光材料的种类还是比较少,主要是在主配体PPY上做修饰,以改善材料的电荷传输性质等。开发新型绿色磷光材料仍具有重要价值。
发明内容
本发明针对上述现有技术存在的不足,提供一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物、其制备方法及应用。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物,其结构式如下:
Figure GDA0002637750610000021
其中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10和R11各自独立的为氢、氘、取代或非取代烷基、环烷基、羟基、氨基、巯基、烯基、炔基、取代或非取代芳基、取代或非取代杂芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、胺基、硅烷基、卤素、CN、SCN、NO2、CR12R13NR14R15或CF3的任意一种;R12、R13、R14、R15各自独立的为氢、氘、取代或非取代烷基、环烷基、羟基、氨基、巯基、烯基、炔基、取代或非取代芳基、取代或非取代杂芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、胺基、硅烷基、卤素、CN、SCN、NO2或CF3的任意一种;
(L^Z)为辅助配体,为二齿配体,其与上述结构式中左侧的主配体相同或者不同;
X为O、S、Se、NR16、CR17R18、SiR19R20或GeR21R22;其中R16、R17、R18、R19、R20、R21、R22各自独立的为氢、氘、取代或非取代烷基、环烷基、羟基、氨基、巯基、烯基、炔基、取代或非取代芳基、取代或非取代杂芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、胺基、硅烷基、卤素、CN、SCN、NO2或CF3的任意一种;
m>0,且m为整数;n≥0,且n为整数。
其中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11和X任意相邻的两个取代基连接形成环状基团,形成的环状基团可以包含一个或者多个杂原子。
基团R5连的碳和R6所连接的碳可以直接相连接,形成包含七元环结构的如下主配体:
Figure GDA0002637750610000031
优选地,上述的铱配合物,其结构式分别为:
Figure GDA0002637750610000032
Figure GDA0002637750610000041
本发明的第二个目的在于提供上述铱磷光材料的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将原料Ⅰ和原料Ⅱ通过C-N偶联反应,得到主配体;
(2)在氮气保护下,将主配体溶于乙二醇单乙醚中,加入水合三氯化铱和去离子水,加热反应得到铱氯桥配合物;
(3)在碱性条件下,将铱氯桥配合物与辅助配体加热回流反应,得到铱配合物;
其中,所述的原料Ⅰ为1H-吲哚;
所述的原料Ⅱ为卤代苯并呋喃并吡啶、卤代苯并噻吩并吡啶或卤代9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚;
所述的辅助配体(L^Z)为二齿配体,其与上述结构式中左侧的主配体相同,或者为乙酰丙酮、2-吡啶甲酸、2-苯基吡啶、2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酸、(E)-N,N'-二异丙基苯甲脒、(Z)-2,3-二异丙基-1,1-二苯基胍中的任意一种。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供上述铱配合物作为电致发光材料,在有机电致发光器件中的应用。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明制得的铱配合物不仅发光效率高,而且发射光的波长可在大范围内调节。此类铱配合物的主配体具有相同的骨架结构,通过改变杂原子在主配体上的位置和杂原子种类,对绿色发射光波长进行精细调节,这为在RGB全彩显示中蓝色和红色光材料的搭配方案的提供了更多选择。此外,不同颜色发光材料的制备方法基本相同,操作简单。
附图说明
图1为有机电致发光材料的OLED结构示意图;
图2为应用例1-3的发光光谱分析图;
图中,1、玻璃衬底;2、阳极层;3、空穴注入层;4、空穴传输层;5、发光层;6、电子传输层;7、电子注入层;8、阴极层。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
铱配合物Ir6的合成,反应方程式如下:
(1)制备主配体
Figure GDA0002637750610000051
(2)合成氯桥二聚体
Figure GDA0002637750610000052
(3)目标物Ir6合成
Figure GDA0002637750610000061
实施例2
铱配合物Ir7的合成,反应方程式如下:
(1)制备主配体
Figure GDA0002637750610000062
(2)合成氯桥二聚体
Figure GDA0002637750610000063
(3)目标物Ir7合成
Figure GDA0002637750610000064
实施例3
铱配合物Ir9的合成,反应方程式如下:
(1)制备主配体
Figure GDA0002637750610000071
(2)合成氯桥二聚体
Figure GDA0002637750610000072
(3)目标物Ir9合成
Figure GDA0002637750610000073
如图1所示,有机电致发光器件(OLED)的结构包括依次层叠结合的玻璃衬底1、阳极层2、空穴注入层3、空穴传输层4、发光层5、电子传输层6、电子注入层7和阴极层8。将本发明制得的铱磷光材料应用在OLED的发光层中,表1为应用例1-2的OLED各层成分组成。
表1
Figure GDA0002637750610000074
应用例1
在玻璃底衬1上沉积一层厚度为100nm的氧化铟锡(ITO)作为透明阳极层2;在透明阳极层2上真空蒸镀厚度为10nm的NPB(N,N’-二(1-萘基)-N,N’-二苯基-1,1’-联苯-4-4’-二胺)空穴传输材料作为空穴注入层3,其中掺杂质量比3%的F4-TCNQ(2,3,5,6-四氟-7,7',8,8'-四氰二甲基对苯醌);空穴注入层3上为一层厚度为100nm的spiro-TAD(2,2',7,7'-四(二苯基氨基)-9,9'-螺双芴)作为空穴传输层4;在空穴传输层4上真空蒸镀一层厚度40nm的TCTA(4,4',4"-三(9-咔唑基)三苯胺),其中掺杂有3wt%铱配合物Ir6;再在发光层5上依次真空蒸镀一层厚度为30nm的TPQ(2,3,5,8-四苯基喹喔啉)作为电子传输层6、厚度为1nm的Liq作为电子注入层7,最后在电子注入层7上采用真空蒸镀膜沉积技术沉积厚度为100nm的金属铝(Al)作为器件的阴极层8。
经性能测试获知,该器件的电致发光光谱的最大发光波长位于532nm,最大电流效率为32cd/A,最大外量子效率为11%。
应用例2
与应用例1相同,与应用例1不同之处在于:发光层5为厚度40nm的TCTA(4,4',4"-三(9-咔唑基)三苯胺),其中掺杂有3wt%铱配合物Ir7。
经性能测试获知,该器件的电致发光光谱的最大发光波长位于543nm,最大电流效率为28cd/A,最大外量子效率为10%。
应用例3
与应用例1相同,与应用例1不同之处在于:发光层5为厚度40nm的TCTA(4,4',4"-三(9-咔唑基)三苯胺),其中掺杂有3wt%铱配合物Ir9。
经性能测试获知,该器件的电致发光光谱的最大发光波长位于520nm,最大电流效率为31cd/A,最大外量子效率为13%。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物,其特征在于,其结构式如下:
Figure FDA0002637750600000011
2.一种权利要求1所述铱配合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)将原料Ⅰ和原料Ⅱ通过C-N偶联反应,得到主配体;
(2)在氮气保护下,将主配体溶于乙二醇单乙醚中,加入水合三氯化铱和去离子水,加热反应得到铱氯桥配合物;
(3)在碱性条件下,将铱氯桥配合物与乙酰丙酮加热回流反应,得到铱配合物;
其中,所述的原料Ⅰ为1H-吲哚;
所述的原料Ⅱ为
Figure FDA0002637750600000012
3.一种权利要求1所述铱配合物作为电致发光材料在有机电致发光器件中的应用。
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