CN109100307B - Experimental device and system for monitoring and simulating deformation of reservoir rock - Google Patents
Experimental device and system for monitoring and simulating deformation of reservoir rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN109100307B CN109100307B CN201811061070.2A CN201811061070A CN109100307B CN 109100307 B CN109100307 B CN 109100307B CN 201811061070 A CN201811061070 A CN 201811061070A CN 109100307 B CN109100307 B CN 109100307B
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental device and system for monitoring and simulating deformation of oil reservoir rocks. This an experimental apparatus for monitoring simulation oil reservoir rock deformation includes: the system comprises a fiber grating sensor grid, an artificial rock test piece and an injection-production casing pipe; a plurality of injection and production holes are formed in the surface of the artificial rock test piece and are positioned in grid spaces of the fiber bragg grating sensor grid; the injection and production casing is arranged in the injection and production hole and used for injecting water into the injection and production hole; the fiber grating sensor grid is coated in the artificial rock test piece and consists of a plurality of rows and columns of vertically placed fiber grating sensors, and two ends of each fiber grating sensor are exposed out of the artificial rock test piece and connected with external equipment; the fiber grating sensor is used for reflecting light from external equipment and outputting the reflected light before water injection and the reflected light after water injection to the external equipment. The invention can accurately monitor and simulate the deformation of the oil reservoir rock in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rock mechanics, in particular to an experimental device and system for monitoring and simulating deformation of oil reservoir rocks.
Background
The crude oil can flow to the bottom of the well and is sprayed to the ground by self, and is mainly pushed by the elastic pressure of the stratum, the pressure of gas in a gas cap area, the pressure of edge water or bottom water, the driving force of dissolved gas and the like; generally, in the initial stage of oil field development, the crude oil is subjected to a large driving force, i.e. the formation pressure is high. However, as crude oil is continuously produced, the pressure is continuously reduced, and when the driving force applied to the crude oil can only overcome the pore resistance, oil is produced by an oil pumping method. In order to maintain or improve the pressure of an oil layer, further ensure the long-term stable yield and high yield of an oil field and improve the ultimate recovery rate, a batch of water injection wells are drilled from the early development stage of the oil field, besides the drilling and production of the oil well, and are specially used for injecting high-pressure water into the oil layer from the ground so as to supplement the natural energy continuously consumed in the oil production process. This process is known as oilfield flooding. The reservoir is deeply buried underground, and the reservoir rock is in a three-dimensional stress balance state under the combined action of overburden rock layer pressure, horizontal maximum principal stress, horizontal minimum principal stress and rock pore pressure. In the process of reservoir development, the fluid pressure in the pores of the reservoir changes, which in turn causes the redistribution of the reservoir stress, and it is known from the theory of rock mechanics and elasticity that the change of rock from one stress state to another stress state causes the rock to deform, i.e. to compress or stretch, on the other hand, the deformation of the rock skeleton causes the change of the pore volume of the reservoir rock, which causes the change of the reservoir physical parameters, in particular the permeability, the porosity, the pore compression coefficient and the rock density, which in turn affects the seepage of the fluid in the pores. The reservoir development characteristics can be more accurately reflected by considering the seepage rule of fluid in the porous medium and the influence of the seepage rule on the deformation or strength of the rock mass, namely the mutual coupling effect between the seepage field and the stress field in the rock mass is considered. During the production of an oil reservoir, as a large amount of fluid is produced, the reservoir pressure decreases, causing changes in the stress of the rock framework, resulting in deformation, compaction and settlement of the overburden, with serious consequences such as deformation and destruction of the casing, collapse of the wellbore, etc. Therefore, the research on the deformation of reservoir rocks in the oil field development process plays an important role in guiding reservoir management.
At present, in an experiment for simulating the deformation of the oil reservoir rock, the electrode arranged on the surface of an artificial rock test piece is generally adopted to monitor the deformation of the simulated oil reservoir rock, the obtained monitoring data is inaccurate, and further, the accurate state of the deformation of the simulated oil reservoir rock cannot be deduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention mainly aims to provide an experimental device and system for monitoring and simulating the deformation of oil reservoir rocks, so that the deformation of the oil reservoir rocks is accurately monitored in real time, and the accurate state of the deformation of the oil reservoir rocks is obtained according to reflected light.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides an experimental apparatus for monitoring deformation of a simulated reservoir rock, including:
the system comprises a fiber grating sensor grid, an artificial rock test piece and an injection-production casing pipe;
a plurality of injection and production holes are formed in the surface of the artificial rock test piece and are positioned in grid spaces of the fiber bragg grating sensor grid;
the injection and production casing is arranged in the injection and production hole and used for injecting water into the injection and production hole;
the fiber grating sensor grid is coated in the artificial rock test piece and consists of a plurality of rows and columns of vertically placed fiber grating sensors, and two ends of each fiber grating sensor are exposed out of the artificial rock test piece and connected with external equipment;
the fiber grating sensor is used for reflecting light from external equipment and outputting the reflected light before water injection and the reflected light after water injection to the external equipment.
In one embodiment, each fiber grating sensor is provided with a plurality of grid regions, and the grid regions are positioned at grid intersections of the fiber grating sensor grid.
In one embodiment, the surface of the artificial rock test piece is sealed with glue or wax.
The experimental device for monitoring and simulating the deformation of the reservoir rock comprises: the system comprises a fiber grating sensor grid, an artificial rock test piece and an injection-production casing pipe; a plurality of injection and production holes are formed in the surface of the artificial rock test piece and are positioned in grid spaces of the fiber bragg grating sensor grid; the injection and production casing is arranged in the injection and production hole and used for injecting water into the injection and production hole; the fiber grating sensor grid is coated in the artificial rock test piece and consists of a plurality of rows and columns of vertically placed fiber grating sensors, and two ends of each fiber grating sensor are exposed out of the artificial rock test piece and connected with external equipment; the fiber grating sensor reflects light from external equipment and outputs the reflected light before water injection and the reflected light after water injection to the external equipment, so that the deformation of oil reservoir rocks can be accurately monitored and simulated in real time.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an experimental system for monitoring and simulating the deformation of the reservoir rock, which comprises the following steps: the experimental device for monitoring and simulating the deformation of the reservoir rock is described above;
the fiber grating sensor demodulators are connected with two ends of each fiber grating sensor and used for receiving the reflected light before water injection and the reflected light after water injection from the fiber grating sensors, obtaining a reflected wavelength peak value before water injection according to the reflected light before water injection and obtaining a reflected wavelength peak value after water injection according to the reflected light after water injection;
and the computer is connected with the fiber grating sensor demodulator and used for receiving the reflection wavelength peak value before water injection and the reflection wavelength peak value after water injection from the fiber grating sensor demodulator, and respectively calculating the strain after the deformation of the simulated oil reservoir rock and the temperature change after the deformation of the simulated oil reservoir rock according to the reflection wavelength peak value before water injection and the reflection wavelength peak value after water injection.
In one embodiment, the computer is specifically configured to:
calculating the strain of the grid region according to the reflection wavelength peak value after water injection, the reflection wavelength peak value before water injection and the strain sensitivity coefficient of the fiber bragg grating sensor; and calculating the strain of the simulated oil reservoir rock according to the strain of the grid region, the length of the grid region and the material coefficient of the fiber bragg grating sensor.
In one embodiment, the computer is specifically configured to: the strain of the gate region is calculated by the following equation:
wherein epsilongIs the strain of the gate region, λ2Is the peak value of the reflection wavelength after water injection, lambda1Is the peak value of the reflection wavelength, k, before water injection1Is the strain sensitivity coefficient of the fiber grating sensor.
In one embodiment, the computer is specifically configured to: the strain of the simulated reservoir rock is calculated by the following formula:
wherein epsilonmTo simulate the strain of reservoir rocks,. epsilongIs the strain of the gate region, k2Is the material coefficient of the fiber grating sensor, and l is the length of the gate region.
In one embodiment, the computer is specifically configured to:
and calculating the temperature change of the simulated oil reservoir rock according to the reflection wavelength peak value after water injection, the reflection wavelength peak value before water injection and the temperature sensitivity coefficient of the fiber bragg grating sensor.
In one embodiment, the computer is specifically configured to: calculating the temperature change of the simulated reservoir rock by the following formula:
wherein, Delta T is the temperature change of the simulated oil reservoir rock, and lambda2Is the peak value of the reflection wavelength after water injection, lambda1Is the peak value of the reflection wavelength, k, before water injection3The temperature sensitivity coefficient of the fiber grating sensor.
The experimental system for monitoring and simulating the deformation of the reservoir rock comprises the following components: the experimental device for monitoring and simulating the deformation of the reservoir rock is described above; the fiber grating sensor demodulators are connected with two ends of each fiber grating sensor and used for receiving the reflected light before water injection and the reflected light after water injection, obtaining a reflected wavelength peak value before water injection according to the reflected light before water injection and obtaining a reflected wavelength peak value after water injection according to the reflected light after water injection; and the computer is connected with the fiber grating sensor demodulator and used for receiving the reflection wavelength peak value before water injection and the reflection wavelength peak value after water injection, respectively calculating the strain after the deformation of the simulated oil reservoir rock and the temperature change after the deformation of the simulated oil reservoir rock according to the reflection wavelength peak value before water injection and the reflection wavelength peak value after water injection, and obtaining the accurate state of the deformation of the simulated oil reservoir rock according to the reflection light.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of an experimental device for monitoring and simulating deformation of reservoir rocks in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a mold in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a fiber grating sensor grid in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an experimental system for monitoring simulated reservoir rock deformation in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In view of the fact that the deformation of the simulated oil reservoir rock is monitored by the electrode placed on the surface of the artificial rock test piece at present, the obtained monitoring data is inaccurate, the embodiment of the invention provides the experimental device for monitoring the deformation of the simulated oil reservoir rock, so that the deformation of the simulated oil reservoir rock is accurately monitored in real time. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of an experimental device for monitoring and simulating deformation of reservoir rocks in an embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the experimental device for monitoring the deformation of the simulated reservoir rock comprises:
a fiber grating sensor grid 5, an artificial rock test piece 8 and an injection-production casing 7; wherein the surface of the artificial rock test piece 8 can be sealed by glue or wax.
A plurality of injection and production holes are formed in the surface of the artificial rock test piece 8, and the injection and production holes are positioned in grid spaces of the fiber grating sensor grid 5;
the injection and production casing 7 is arranged in the injection and production hole and used for injecting water into the injection and production hole;
the fiber grating sensor grid 5 is coated in the artificial rock test piece 8, the fiber grating sensor grid 5 is composed of a plurality of rows and columns of vertically placed fiber grating sensors, and two ends of each fiber grating sensor are exposed out of the artificial rock test piece to be connected with external equipment;
the fiber grating sensor is used for reflecting light from external equipment and outputting the reflected light before water injection and the reflected light after water injection to the external equipment.
In one embodiment, each fiber grating sensor is provided with a plurality of gate regions 6, and the plurality of gate regions 6 are located at grid intersections of the fiber grating sensor grid.
The experimental device for monitoring and simulating the deformation of the oil reservoir rock provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following manufacturing steps:
1. laying the fiber grating sensor in a special die according to the shape of a planar grid to form a fiber grating sensor grid; two ends of the fiber grating sensor extend out of the notches on the side wall of the mold, and each grid region is located at the intersection of grids. The fiber grating sensor grid can be a three-dimensional grid structure and comprises a plurality of grid surfaces, and each grid surface is composed of two groups of fiber grating sensors which are vertically arranged in a horizontal plane. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a mold in an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 2, the die is a cube with an open top surface and made of steel plates, and the side wall 10 of the die is provided with a plurality of equally spaced 2mm notches 9, from which the two ends of the fiber grating sensor connected to external equipment can protrude.
2. Pouring sand and cement into a mould according to a certain proportion, and compacting by using a press to form an artificial rock test piece. In the compaction process, the fiber grating sensor and the mixture are synchronously compacted, and the extending part of the fiber grating sensor moves downwards along the notch of the side wall of the mold, so that the fiber grating sensor has good performance and is integrated with an artificial rock test piece, and the artificial rock test piece and the fiber grating sensor are synchronously deformed. The shape and the size of the manufactured artificial rock test piece are the same as those of the mold, the artificial rock test piece is used for simulating an underground reservoir, after the artificial rock test piece is naturally air-dried, the mold is removed, the surface of the artificial rock test piece is coated with glue or wax to prevent the injection and production liquid from being filtered, and the injection and production liquid is ensured to flow in the artificial rock test piece.
3. Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of a fiber grating sensor grid in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, a plurality of injection and production holes are arranged at grid spaces of the fiber grating sensor grid corresponding to the surface of the artificial rock test piece, and injection and production sleeves are arranged in the injection and production holes and fixed by glue to simulate an injection and production well. Wherein, the injection-production sleeve is made of a metal thin tube. In the experiment, water can be injected into the injection and production holes through the injection and production casing pipe so as to simulate the state of the oil reservoir rock after deformation.
4. The two ends of each fiber grating sensor are connected with external equipment, and the fiber grating sensors reflect light from the external equipment and output reflected light before water injection and reflected light after water injection to the external equipment.
In summary, the experimental device for monitoring and simulating the deformation of the reservoir rock provided by the embodiment of the invention can accurately monitor and simulate the deformation of the reservoir rock in real time.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides an experimental system for monitoring and simulating the deformation of the reservoir rock, and as the problem solving principle of the system is similar to that of the experimental device for monitoring and simulating the deformation of the reservoir rock, the implementation of the system can refer to the implementation of the device, and repeated parts are not repeated.
In view of the fact that the deformation of the simulated reservoir rock cannot be deduced due to the fact that the deformation of the simulated reservoir rock is monitored by the aid of the electrode placed on the surface of the artificial rock test piece at present, the embodiment of the invention provides an experimental system for monitoring the deformation of the simulated reservoir rock, and the accurate state of the deformation of the simulated reservoir rock is obtained according to reflected light. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an experimental system for monitoring simulated reservoir rock deformation in an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 4, the experimental system for monitoring the deformation of the simulated reservoir rock comprises:
the experimental device for monitoring and simulating the deformation of the reservoir rock is described above;
the fiber grating sensor demodulators 3 are connected with two ends of each fiber grating sensor and are used for receiving the reflected light before water injection and the reflected light after water injection from the fiber grating sensors, obtaining a reflected wavelength peak value before water injection according to the reflected light before water injection and obtaining a reflected wavelength peak value after water injection according to the reflected light after water injection;
and the computer 1 is connected with the fiber grating sensor demodulator 3 and is used for receiving the reflection wavelength peak value before water injection and the reflection wavelength peak value after water injection from the fiber grating sensor demodulator 3, and respectively calculating the strain after the deformation of the simulated oil reservoir rock and the temperature change after the deformation of the simulated oil reservoir rock according to the reflection wavelength peak value before water injection and the reflection wavelength peak value after water injection.
The computer 1 is connected with the fiber grating sensor demodulator 3 through the network cable 2, and the fiber grating sensor demodulator 3 is connected with two ends of each fiber grating sensor through the adapter 4.
In an embodiment, the computer 1 is specifically configured to:
calculating the strain of the grid region according to the reflection wavelength peak value after water injection, the reflection wavelength peak value before water injection and the strain sensitivity coefficient of the fiber bragg grating sensor; and calculating the strain of the simulated oil reservoir rock according to the strain of the grid region, the length of the grid region and the material coefficient of the fiber bragg grating sensor.
In an embodiment, the computer 1 is specifically configured to: the strain of the gate region is calculated by the following equation:
wherein epsilongIs the strain of the gate region, λ2Is the peak value of the reflection wavelength after water injection, lambda1Is the peak value of the reflection wavelength, k, before water injection1Is the strain sensitivity coefficient of the fiber grating sensor.
In an embodiment, the computer 1 is specifically configured to: the strain of the simulated reservoir rock is calculated by the following formula:
wherein epsilonmFor simulating the stress of reservoir rocksChange of epsilongIs the strain of the gate region, k2Is the material coefficient of the fiber grating sensor, and l is the length of the gate region.
In an embodiment, the computer 1 is specifically configured to:
and calculating the temperature change of the simulated oil reservoir rock according to the reflection wavelength peak value after water injection, the reflection wavelength peak value before water injection and the temperature sensitivity coefficient of the fiber bragg grating sensor.
In an embodiment, the computer 1 is specifically configured to: calculating the temperature change of the simulated reservoir rock by the following formula:
wherein, Delta T is the temperature change of the simulated oil reservoir rock, and lambda2Is the peak value of the reflection wavelength after water injection, lambda1Is the peak value of the reflection wavelength, k, before water injection3The temperature sensitivity coefficient of the fiber grating sensor.
The flow of the experimental system for monitoring and simulating the deformation of the reservoir rock provided by the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
1. and connecting the artificial rock test piece with the preset fiber grating sensor with a fiber grating sensor demodulator through the adapter, connecting the fiber grating sensor demodulator with a computer through a network cable, starting the demodulator, and setting monitoring software parameters. The demodulator belongs to a wide-spectrum light source, and the number of channels meets the experimental requirements.
2. The fiber grating sensor demodulator receives reflected light from the fiber grating sensor before water injection, and obtains a reflection wavelength peak value before water injection according to the reflected light before water injection; and the computer receives the reflection wavelength peak value before water injection from the fiber grating sensor demodulator.
3. And injecting water into the injection and production holes through the injection and production casing pipes. The deformation of the artificial rock test piece after water injection can cause the deformation of the grid region, and the state of the oil deposit rock after deformation can be simulated. The fiber grating sensor demodulator receives the water-injected reflected light from the fiber grating sensor and obtains a water-injected reflection wavelength peak value according to the water-injected reflected light; the computer receives the reflection wavelength peak value after water injection from the fiber grating sensor demodulator, and the change condition of the reflection wavelength peak value per millisecond can be obtained.
4. The computer calculates the strain of the grid region according to the reflection wavelength peak value after water injection, the reflection wavelength peak value before water injection and the strain sensitivity coefficient of the fiber grating sensor; and calculating the strain of the simulated oil reservoir rock according to the strain of the grid region, the length of the grid region and the material coefficient of the fiber bragg grating sensor.
5. And the computer calculates the temperature change of the simulated oil reservoir rock according to the reflection wavelength peak value after water injection, the reflection wavelength peak value before water injection and the temperature sensitivity coefficient of the fiber grating sensor.
In summary, the experimental system for monitoring and simulating the deformation of the reservoir rock according to the embodiment of the invention can obtain the accurate state of the deformation of the reservoir rock according to the reflected light.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an experimental apparatus for be used for monitoring simulation reservoir rock deformation which characterized in that includes:
the system comprises a fiber grating sensor grid, an artificial rock test piece and an injection-production casing pipe;
a plurality of injection and production holes are formed in the surface of the artificial rock test piece and are positioned in grid spaces of the fiber grating sensor grid;
the injection and production casing is arranged in the injection and production hole and used for injecting water into the injection and production hole;
the fiber grating sensor grid is coated in the artificial rock test piece and consists of a plurality of rows and columns of vertically placed fiber grating sensors, and two ends of each fiber grating sensor are exposed out of the artificial rock test piece to be connected with external equipment;
the fiber grating sensor is used for reflecting light from the external equipment and outputting the reflected light before water injection and the reflected light after water injection to the external equipment.
2. The experimental apparatus for monitoring deformation of rock in a simulated reservoir according to claim 1,
each fiber grating sensor is provided with a plurality of grid areas, and the grid areas are located at grid intersection points of grids of the fiber grating sensors.
3. The experimental apparatus for monitoring deformation of rock in a simulated reservoir according to claim 1,
the surface of the artificial rock test piece is coated by glue or wax.
4. An experimental system for monitoring simulated reservoir rock deformation, comprising:
an experimental apparatus for monitoring simulated reservoir rock deformation as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3;
the fiber grating sensor demodulators are connected with two ends of each fiber grating sensor and used for receiving the reflected light before water injection and the reflected light after water injection from the fiber grating sensors, obtaining a reflected wavelength peak value before water injection according to the reflected light before water injection and obtaining a reflected wavelength peak value after water injection according to the reflected light after water injection;
and the computer is connected with the fiber grating sensor demodulator and used for receiving the reflection wavelength peak value before water injection and the reflection wavelength peak value after water injection from the fiber grating sensor demodulator, and respectively calculating the strain after the deformation of the simulated oil reservoir rock and the temperature change after the deformation of the simulated oil reservoir rock according to the reflection wavelength peak value before water injection and the reflection wavelength peak value after water injection.
5. The experimental system for monitoring simulated reservoir rock deformation of claim 4, wherein the computer is specifically configured to:
calculating the strain of the grid region according to the reflection wavelength peak value after water injection, the reflection wavelength peak value before water injection and the strain sensitivity coefficient of the fiber bragg grating sensor; and calculating the strain of the simulated oil reservoir rock according to the strain of the grid region, the length of the grid region and the material coefficient of the fiber bragg grating sensor.
6. The experimental system for monitoring simulated reservoir rock deformation of claim 5, wherein the computer is specifically configured to: the strain of the gate region is calculated by the following equation:
wherein epsilongIs the strain of the gate region, λ2Is the peak value of the reflection wavelength after water injection, lambda1Is the peak value of the reflection wavelength, k, before water injection1Is the strain sensitivity coefficient of the fiber grating sensor.
7. The experimental system for monitoring simulated reservoir rock deformation of claim 5, wherein the computer is specifically configured to: the strain of the simulated reservoir rock is calculated by the following formula:
wherein epsilonmTo simulate the strain of reservoir rocks,. epsilongIs the strain of the gate region, k2Is the material coefficient of the fiber grating sensor, and l is the length of the gate region.
8. The experimental system for monitoring simulated reservoir rock deformation of claim 4, wherein the computer is specifically configured to:
and calculating the temperature change of the simulated oil reservoir rock according to the reflection wavelength peak value after water injection, the reflection wavelength peak value before water injection and the temperature sensitivity coefficient of the fiber bragg grating sensor.
9. The experimental system for monitoring simulated reservoir rock deformation of claim 8, wherein the computer is specifically configured to: calculating the temperature change of the simulated reservoir rock by the following formula:
wherein, Delta T is the temperature change of the simulated oil reservoir rock, and lambda2Is the peak value of the reflection wavelength after water injection, lambda1Is the peak value of the reflection wavelength, k, before water injection3The temperature sensitivity coefficient of the fiber grating sensor.
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