CN109087729A - 一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆,涉及电缆制造技术领域,包括导体,导体外依次包裹有绝缘层、导体屏蔽层、绝缘屏蔽层、缓冲层和护套,缓冲层外表面设有沿其长度方向均匀分布的环形凹槽,相邻环形凹槽之间具有间隔,护套内表面设有沿其长度方向均匀分布的环形凸起,环形凸起卡设于环形凹槽之间。本发明在缓冲层外表面和护套内表面分别设置环形凹槽和环形凸起,利用环形凹槽和环形凸起的结构配合一方面增加了缓冲层与护套之间的接触面积,增加了相互之间能量传递时的损耗和吸收,从而起到更好的缓冲作用;另一方面环形凹槽与环形凸起之间相互限位,使得电缆的整体结构更加稳定;具有优异的阻燃性、防水性、电绝缘性等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电缆制造技术领域,特别是涉及一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆及制备方法。
背景技术
随着汽车的普遍应用,对环境的造成的伤害也越来越多,以至于对使用的工具要求也越来越高,传统燃油汽车在使用的过程中,会排出大量的尾气,造成环境污染,也会加剧不可再生资源石油的匮乏。所以新能源类的汽车的应用是适应时代发展及市场需求的产品,相应的汽车需要的零部件水平也要随着提高。在新能源汽车发展方面,我国研发水平、自主创新能力都与世界相差甚多,导致我国新能源汽车行业发展受到影响。因此,新能源汽车用电缆作为汽车整车系统的一个重要部分,其研发工作至关重要。
发明内容
为了解决以上技术问题,本发明提供一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆,包括导体,导体外依次包裹有绝缘层、导体屏蔽层、绝缘屏蔽层、缓冲层和护套,缓冲层外表面设有沿其长度方向均匀分布的环形凹槽,相邻环形凹槽之间具有间隔,护套内表面设有沿其长度方向均匀分布的环形凸起,环形凸起卡设于环形凹槽之间。
技术效果:本发明在缓冲层外表面和护套内表面分别设置环形凹槽和环形凸起,利用环形凹槽和环形凸起的结构配合一方面增加了缓冲层与护套之间的接触面积,增加了相互之间能量传递时的损耗和吸收,从而起到更好的缓冲作用;另一方面环形凹槽与环形凸起之间相互限位,使得电缆的整体结构更加稳定;具有优异的阻燃性、防水性、电绝缘性等。
本发明进一步限定的技术方案是:
前所述的一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆,环形凸起紧密贴附于环形凹槽的两侧壁,且同一环形凹槽的两侧壁各设置一个环形凸起,位于同一环形凹槽内的相邻环形凸起之间具有空隙。
前所述的一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆,导体屏蔽层为铝锡箔屏蔽层。
前所述的一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆,绝缘屏蔽层为玻璃丝包带。
前所述的一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆,缓冲层采用阻燃聚氨酯弹性体制成一体结构。
前所述的一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆,护套采用柔性聚乙烯制成。
前所述的一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆,绝缘层的绝缘材料包括按重量份数计的如下组分:三元乙丙橡胶95~105份、低密度线性聚乙烯25~35份、2,5二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷5~8份、2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢化喹啉聚合体1.5~3份、2-巯基苯并咪唑1~2份、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯5~8份、煅烧陶土75~85份、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷2~4份、氧化锌5~8份、微晶石蜡5~8份、氧化铅3~5份。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆的制备方法,绝缘层的绝缘材料制备步骤如下:
S1、将三元乙丙橡胶、低密度线性聚乙烯投入密炼机混炼3~5min;投入氧化锌、氧化铅、微晶石蜡、2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢化喹啉聚合体和2-巯基苯并咪唑混炼3~5min;再投入煅烧陶土、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷,混炼8~10min后排胶,然后开炼机出片;
S2、将三元乙丙橡胶包辊后加2,5二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷和三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯,混炼均匀后下片;
S3、在平板硫化机上进行硫化,硫化条件为175℃~180℃,20min。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明中同一个环形凹槽的两侧壁分别设置一个环形凸起,且相邻环形凸起之间具有空隙,该空隙一方面具有增加能量传递过程中的损耗的作用,另一方面使得电缆在冷热环境下具有一定的变形余量,减少电缆外层的开裂;同时,还具有一定的散热功能;
(2)本发明中采用过氧化物作为硫化体系,适用于高压电缆的绝缘材料,使得绝缘材料具有加工安全性好、热稳定性好、压缩永久变形小盒潮湿环境下电气稳定性优异等优点;
(3)本发明中使用煅烧陶土作为补强填充剂,增强电缆的阻燃性和良好的电绝缘性能;同时,可使电缆产品表面光滑;
(4)本发明中乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷作为硅烷偶联剂,其一端的活性基团与三元乙丙橡胶具有良好的结合性,增强了三元乙丙橡胶对煅烧陶土的浸润性,从而提高了电缆的拉伸强度;
(5)本发明中微晶石蜡一方面作为增塑剂加入,另一方面还具有物理防老剂的作用,可提高橡胶的耐老化性能;
(6)本发明中2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢化喹啉聚合体和2-巯基苯并咪唑按1.5:1的比例使用,可产生明显的协同作用,增强防老化效果;
(7)本发明中氧化锌和氧化铅作为活性剂使用,可提高硫化速度和硫化效率,此外,氧化铅还可以进一步提高电缆的耐热性和在潮湿环境下的电气稳定性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的剖视图;
其中:1、导体;2、绝缘层;3、导体屏蔽层;4、绝缘屏蔽层;5、缓冲层;501、环形凹槽;6、护套;601、环形凸起。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例提供的一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆,结构如图1所示,包括导体1,导体1外依次包裹有绝缘层2、导体1屏蔽层、绝缘屏蔽层4、缓冲层5和护套6,导体1屏蔽层为铝锡箔屏蔽层,绝缘屏蔽层4为玻璃丝包带,缓冲层5采用阻燃聚氨酯弹性体制成一体结构,护套6采用柔性聚乙烯制成。
缓冲层5外表面设有沿其长度方向均匀分布的环形凹槽501,相邻环形凹槽501之间具有间隔,护套6内表面设有沿其长度方向均匀分布的环形凸起601,环形凸起601卡设于环形凹槽501之间。环形凸起601紧密贴附于环形凹槽501的两侧壁,且同一环形凹槽501的两侧壁各设置一个环形凸起601,位于同一环形凹槽501内的相邻环形凸起601之间具有空隙。
绝缘层2的绝缘材料包括按重量份数计的如下组分:三元乙丙橡胶95份、低密度线性聚乙烯25份、2,5二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷5份、2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢化喹啉聚合体1.5份、2-巯基苯并咪唑1份、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯5份、煅烧陶土75份、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷2份、氧化锌5份、微晶石蜡5份、氧化铅3份。
上述新能源汽车用高耐压电缆的制备方法,绝缘层的绝缘材料制备步骤如下:
S1、将三元乙丙橡胶、低密度线性聚乙烯投入密炼机混炼3min;投入氧化锌、氧化铅、微晶石蜡、2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢化喹啉聚合体和2-巯基苯并咪唑混炼3min;再投入煅烧陶土、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷,混炼8min后排胶,然后开炼机出片;
S2、将三元乙丙橡胶包辊后加2,5二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷和三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯,混炼均匀后下片;
S3、在平板硫化机上进行硫化,硫化条件为175℃,20min。
实施例2
本实施例提供的一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆,与实施例1的区别在于,绝缘层2的绝缘材料包括按重量份数计的如下组分:三元乙丙橡胶100份、低密度线性聚乙烯30份、2,5二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷7份、2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢化喹啉聚合体2份、2-巯基苯并咪唑1.5份、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯6份、煅烧陶土80份、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷3份、氧化锌7份、微晶石蜡6份、氧化铅4份。
上述新能源汽车用高耐压电缆的制备方法,绝缘层的绝缘材料制备步骤如下:
S1、将三元乙丙橡胶、低密度线性聚乙烯投入密炼机混炼4min;投入氧化锌、氧化铅、微晶石蜡、2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢化喹啉聚合体和2-巯基苯并咪唑混炼4min;再投入煅烧陶土、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷,混炼9min后排胶,然后开炼机出片;
S2、将三元乙丙橡胶包辊后加2,5二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷和三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯,混炼均匀后下片;
S3、在平板硫化机上进行硫化,硫化条件为178℃,20min。
实施例3
本实施例提供的一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆,与实施例1的区别在于,绝缘层2的绝缘材料包括按重量份数计的如下组分:三元乙丙橡胶105份、低密度线性聚乙烯35份、2,5二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷8份、2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢化喹啉聚合体3份、2-巯基苯并咪唑2份、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯8份、煅烧陶土85份、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷4份、氧化锌8份、微晶石蜡8份、氧化铅5份。
上述新能源汽车用高耐压电缆的制备方法,绝缘层的绝缘材料制备步骤如下:
S1、将三元乙丙橡胶、低密度线性聚乙烯投入密炼机混炼5min;投入氧化锌、氧化铅、微晶石蜡、2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢化喹啉聚合体和2-巯基苯并咪唑混炼5min;再投入煅烧陶土、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷,混炼10min后排胶,然后开炼机出片;
S2、将三元乙丙橡胶包辊后加2,5二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷和三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯,混炼均匀后下片;
S3、在平板硫化机上进行硫化,硫化条件为180℃,20min。
将实施例1~实施例3制得的绝缘材料进行性能测试,结果见下表:
由上表可知,本发明制备的新能源汽车用高耐压电缆具有优异的电绝缘性能以及良好的力学性能,可满足新能源汽车使用要求。
除上述实施例外,本发明还可以有其他实施方式。凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案,均落在本发明要求的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆,包括导体(1),其特征在于:所述导体(1)外依次包裹有绝缘层(2)、导体(1)屏蔽层、绝缘屏蔽层(4)、缓冲层(5)和护套(6),所述缓冲层(5)外表面设有沿其长度方向均匀分布的环形凹槽(501),相邻所述环形凹槽(501)之间具有间隔,所述护套(6)内表面设有沿其长度方向均匀分布的环形凸起(601),所述环形凸起(601)卡设于所述环形凹槽(501)之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆,其特征在于:所述环形凸起(601)紧密贴附于所述环形凹槽(501)的两侧壁,且同一环形凹槽(501)的两侧壁各设置一个环形凸起(601),位于同一环形凹槽(501)内的相邻所述环形凸起(601)之间具有空隙。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆,其特征在于:所述导体(1)屏蔽层为铝锡箔屏蔽层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆,其特征在于:所述绝缘屏蔽层(4)为玻璃丝包带。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆,其特征在于:所述缓冲层(5)采用阻燃聚氨酯弹性体制成一体结构。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆,其特征在于:所述护套(6)采用柔性聚乙烯制成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种新能源汽车用高耐压电缆,其特征在于:所述绝缘层(2)的绝缘材料包括按重量份数计的如下组分:三元乙丙橡胶95~105份、低密度线性聚乙烯25~35份、2,5二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷5~8份、2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢化喹啉聚合体1.5~3份、2-巯基苯并咪唑1~2份、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯5~8份、煅烧陶土75~85份、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷2~4份、氧化锌5~8份、微晶石蜡5~8份、氧化铅3~5份。
8.一种应用于权利要求7所述的新能源汽车用高耐压电缆的制备方法,其特征在于:所述绝缘层(2)的绝缘材料制备步骤如下:
S1、将三元乙丙橡胶、低密度线性聚乙烯投入密炼机混炼3~5min;投入氧化锌、氧化铅、微晶石蜡、2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢化喹啉聚合体和2-巯基苯并咪唑混炼3~5min;再投入煅烧陶土、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷,混炼8~10min后排胶,然后开炼机出片;
S2、将三元乙丙橡胶包辊后加2,5二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷和三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯,混炼均匀后下片;
S3、在平板硫化机上进行硫化,硫化条件为175℃~180℃,20min。
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