CN109085125B - Nondestructive testing device and method for internal quality of fruits - Google Patents
Nondestructive testing device and method for internal quality of fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN109085125B CN109085125B CN201811145688.7A CN201811145688A CN109085125B CN 109085125 B CN109085125 B CN 109085125B CN 201811145688 A CN201811145688 A CN 201811145688A CN 109085125 B CN109085125 B CN 109085125B
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001028 reflection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010238 partial least squares regression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001164374 Calyx Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004497 NIR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
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- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a nondestructive testing device for the internal quality of fruits, which comprises a tray, an annular diaphragm, a halogen lamp light source, a base, a multi-channel transmission optical fiber and a motor, wherein the annular diaphragm is circumferentially provided with light transmission windows and light transmission hole groups, each light transmission hole group comprises positioning light transmission holes and light transmission holes, each positioning light transmission hole is equidistantly arranged, the multi-channel transmission optical fiber is provided with a plurality of optical signal receiving ports and an optical signal output port, and each optical signal receiving port is arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the tray; the periphery of the annular diaphragm is provided with a plurality of gear grooves, wherein one gear groove is provided with a driving gear motor which is arranged on the tray and can drive the driving gear to be meshed with the corresponding gear groove for transmission so as to drive the annular diaphragm to rotate clockwise. The invention has the following advantages: the method comprises the steps of acquiring spectral information of fruits by adopting a multichannel diffuse transmission spectrum acquisition probe, constructing a quantitative model by using each sampling spectrum, and taking the average value of the prediction results of each sampling spectrum as the quality index of the detected fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nondestructive testing device and method for internal quality of fruits.
Background
Fruits such as apples, pears, oranges and the like are important food resources for daily life of people. With the improvement of living standard, people pay more attention to the internal quality besides the appearance of fruits.
In recent years, near infrared spectrum detection technology is increasingly widely applied to nondestructive detection of agricultural products, and a plurality of detection researches and patent technologies are related to internal quality information of fruits, but the practical degree is not high, and the main reasons are that the near infrared spectrum technology has weak anti-interference capability and high detection equipment cost, so that the market demand cannot be met.
The method for collecting the spectrum of the fruit is commonly known as a diffuse reflection method, a transmission method and a diffuse transmission method. For the diffuse reflection method, the diffuse reflection method is often influenced by factors such as peel color, texture, smoothness and the like, so that the detection result is not stable and reliable enough, and the diffuse reflection method belongs to local single-point detection, and often needs to perform detection for multiple times to obtain an average value as a final result; for fruits, a transmission spectrum detection method can acquire internal quality information of most fruits, but high-power light source illumination is often needed, skin of the fruits is easy to burn, and transmission spectrum is generally doped with component information such as a fruit kernel and the like to influence the stability of the prediction of a subsequent spectrum model. The diffuse transmission method is a reliable spectrum acquisition method, and for fruits, the method avoids local single-point detection, and avoids high-power illumination burning of pericarp and spectrum information of doped fruit cores.
The illumination system is an important component of the visible-near infrared spectrum detection technology, and is directly related to the reliability of spectrum signal acquisition. Some portable devices for detecting fruits at home and abroad are researched, and a commercial diffuse reflection optical fiber detection probe is in a Y shape at present and can transmit a light source and receive a spectrum signal at the same time, but the acquisition of the diffuse reflection spectrum is limited by single-point detection of fruits, only can reflect local information of the surface layers of the fruits, and cannot effectively represent all information of the fruits. The domestic patent CN101799401A discloses a handheld near infrared probe and a detection method for detecting the internal quality of fruits, wherein 4 LED light sources with characteristic wavelengths of the fruits are integrated with a detection optical fiber, and the method can characterize most of internal information of the fruits by using spectrum information obtained by a diffuse transmission method, but has the defects of limited light source spectrum for providing insufficient modeling spectrum information.
In addition, in the paper "application of portable analyzers based on visible/near infrared spectroscopy" (led from food safety quality detection journal, 2017,08 (09): 3455-3460) the modeling and prediction methods of sample spectral data were compared, one is to average the spectral data collected multiple times as the final spectral data of the sample for predicting fruit quality index; and the other is to consider the spectrum data acquired for multiple times as a plurality of parallel samples, and taking the average value of a plurality of numerical values predicted by the model as a fruit quality index. The results of this study showed that the second method had better predicted results, especially with much lower prediction bias than the first method. While patent 201210330564.2 uses a halogen lamp to provide abundant spectrum information and diffuse transmission spectrum acquisition, the fruits need to be turned over to acquire spectrum information of a plurality of fruit samples, which is very easy to introduce noise signals in the operation process. Most fruit quality detection devices currently collect fruit average spectral information to predict fruit quality information, which causes a shift in fruit prediction results.
Based on the problems existing in the current research, in order to reduce operations such as fruit rotation and the like to rapidly acquire a plurality of parallel diffuse transmission spectrum information of the fruit, the invention adopts a multichannel diffuse transmission spectrum acquisition probe to acquire the spectrum information of the fruit, and constructs a quantitative model by each sampling spectrum, and takes the average value of the prediction results of each sampling spectrum as the quality index of the measured fruit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a nondestructive testing device and method for the internal quality of fruits aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a nondestructive testing device for the internal quality of fruits, which comprises a tray, an annular diaphragm, a halogen lamp light source, a base, a multichannel transmission optical fiber and a motor, wherein the tray is used for bearing and limiting the fruits, the base is arranged below the tray and is used for supporting and fixing the tray, and the annular diaphragm is positioned in the tray and is circumferentially arranged along the inner peripheral wall of the tray;
the annular light shielding ring is circumferentially provided with a plurality of light transmission windows and a plurality of light transmission hole groups, wherein the light transmission windows and the light transmission hole groups are communicated with the inner annular wall and the outer annular wall of the annular light shielding ring, the light transmission windows are equidistantly arranged and are spaced from any light transmission hole group, each light transmission hole group comprises a positioning light transmission hole and a light transmission hole, the positioning light transmission holes are equidistantly arranged, and the distance between the light transmission holes and the corresponding positioning light transmission holes on each light transmission hole group sequentially arranged along the anticlockwise direction of the annular light shielding ring is gradually increased; the number of the halogen lamp light sources is several, each halogen lamp light source is arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the tray and corresponds to the position of each light transmission window one by one, the multichannel transmission optical fiber is provided with a plurality of optical signal receiving ports and an optical signal output port, and each optical signal receiving port is arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the tray and corresponds to the position of each light transmission hole group one by one; the periphery of the annular light shielding ring is provided with a plurality of gear grooves, a driving gear meshed with the gear grooves is arranged on one gear groove, driven gears meshed with the gear grooves are arranged on the other gear grooves, the motor is arranged on the tray, the motor is provided with an output shaft, the output shaft is connected with the driving gear in a linkage manner, and the driving gear can be driven to be meshed with the corresponding gear groove through the rotation of the output shaft so as to drive the annular light shielding ring to rotate clockwise; when the positions of the light signal receiving ports on the tray are not matched with the positions of the light hole groups on the annular shading ring, no spectrum signal is output; outputting a spectrum signal when the positions of the optical signal receiving ports on the tray are identical to the positions of the corresponding positioning light-transmitting holes; in the rotation process of the annular light shielding ring, one of the light signal receiving ports on the tray is matched with the corresponding position of the light transmitting hole and outputs a corresponding spectrum signal, the rest of the light signal receiving ports are not matched with the corresponding positions of the light transmitting holes and do not output spectrum signals, and each halogen light source on the tray is always partially or completely matched with the corresponding position of the light transmitting window.
Through the technical scheme, the tray is used for bearing and limiting fruits, and the fruits are prevented from falling off to influence the continuity of the acquired data; the arrangement of the light transmission window enables the irradiation light of the halogen lamp light source to irradiate the fruits through the light transmission window, the spectrum of the halogen lamp light source is longer and is close to the Taitai sunshine, the measurement result of the fruits is more real, meanwhile, the halogen lamp light source can emit rich continuous wave band spectrums, the effect of the continuous wave band spectrums on the internal tissues of the fruits is fully reflected, and the accuracy of the detected spectrum signals is improved; the light hole group is arranged, so that the light signal receiving port of the multichannel transmission optical fiber can detect the spectrum signal of the fruit through the light hole group, the transmission speed of the optical fiber is higher, the signal transmission and processing speed of the invention is increased, and the efficiency is higher; meanwhile, due to the arrangement of the annular diaphragm, the illumination of the halogen lamp is uniformly distributed in an annular shape and is matched with the surface of the fruit, so that the halogen lamp can better directly irradiate the fruit and acquire the information on the surface layer of the fruit; meanwhile, considering the problems that the single-point detection of the spectrum signals of the angles of the fruits is required to obtain insufficient spectrum signals of the fruits and the error is large, the annular light-transmitting ring is provided with a plurality of positioning light-transmitting holes and light-transmitting holes, the positions of the signal receiving ports and the light-transmitting hole groups are matched, and the accuracy of the spectrum signals is improved through continuous multi-time acquisition of multiple angles so as to fully reflect the internal information of the fruits; in addition, the invention has the functions of collecting dark field spectrum spec_dark and bright field spectrum spec_refer, the motor can drive the annular light shielding ring to rotate, and the positions of each light transmission window on the annular light shielding ring and each halogen lamp light source are always partially or completely matched, so that the halogen lamp light source on the inner wall of the tray can be ensured to smoothly irradiate the outer surface of fruits through the light transmission window. Meanwhile, each optical signal receiving port corresponds to the position of each light hole group, and when each light hole group is shielded, the multichannel transmission optical fiber does not output any optical signal at this time, namely, dark field spectrum spec_dark; when the annular light shielding ring rotates for a fixed angle, as the distance between the light transmitting holes on each light transmitting hole group and the corresponding positioning light transmitting holes gradually increases along the anticlockwise direction of the light shielding ring, one light transmitting hole can be matched with the position of the corresponding light signal receiving port, the other light transmitting holes are blocked, the annular light shielding ring is continuously rotated, the next light transmitting hole can be matched with the position of the corresponding light signal receiving port, the other light transmitting holes are blocked, and each rotation of the annular light shielding ring can enable one light signal receiving port to be matched with the position of the corresponding light transmitting hole until all the light signal receiving ports acquire the spectrum signals of fruits through the corresponding light transmitting holes; in addition, the rotary ring-shaped aperture is arranged at equal intervals in the positioning light-transmitting holes, so that each optical signal receiving port is matched with the positioning light-transmitting holes, and at the moment, each optical signal receiving port can collect spectrum signals, namely, bright field spectrum spec_refer; the novel fruit quality detection device is reasonable in structure, can fully obtain the internal quality information of fruits only by driving the motor to rotate at fixed angles at intervals, does not need to manually rotate apples, is high in detection efficiency, is simple in structure, is convenient to produce and process, has popularization prospects, and can more accurately detect the internal quality information of fruits in a short time by avoiding the rotation of the fruits through the collection of multiple angles.
Further, each of the halogen lamp light sources and each of the light signal receiving ports are disposed obliquely upward.
Through the technical scheme, the illumination of the halogen lamp light source and the collection angle of the light signal receiving port are in vertical contact with the surface of the fruit, so that the internal information of the fruit is better obtained.
The number of the optical signal receiving ports and the number of the halogen lamp light sources are four.
Through the technical scheme, the multi-angle spectrum signal acquisition device is applied to actual specific use situations, and can save materials and reduce cost while meeting multi-angle spectrum signal acquisition.
The display screen is fixed on the outer surface of the base, the fan, the micro spectrometer and the controller are fixed in the base, the fan is located below the tray, the micro spectrometer is electrically connected with the optical signal output port of the multichannel transmission optical fiber, and the controller is electrically connected with the motor.
Through the technical scheme, the heat dissipation problem of the base and the tray can be effectively solved by arranging the fan, and the internal temperature is prevented from being too high.
The invention also provides a nondestructive testing method for the internal quality of the fruit, which adopts the nondestructive testing device for the internal quality of the fruit to test the fruit.
The further arrangement specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, placing fruits on a tray;
step 2, the controller checks whether the annular light shielding ring is at an initial position or not, drives the motor to reset the annular light shielding ring to the initial position, drives the driving gear to rotate the annular light shielding ring by a fixed angle after fixed time interval, and at the moment, the first optical signal receiving port of the multichannel transmission optical fiber is exactly matched with the position of the corresponding light transmitting hole in the annular light shielding ring and acquires a spectrum signal, and the rest light transmitting holes are all shielded;
step 3, after a fixed time interval, the annular light shielding ring continues to rotate by a fixed angle, the next light signal receiving port which is arranged in sequence is just matched with the position of the corresponding light transmitting hole in the annular light shielding ring, and spectrum signals are collected, and the rest light transmitting holes are shielded;
and 4, repeating the step 3 until the last light signal receiving port arranged in sequence is matched with the corresponding light hole in the annular light shielding ring, and after all the light signal receiving ports of the multi-channel transmission optical fiber complete spectrum signal acquisition, transmitting the diffuse transmission spectrum signal acquired each time to an internal model of the controller, calculating physical and chemical indexes of the corresponding fruits, and calculating the average value and standard deviation of the physical and chemical indexes.
According to the technical scheme, the multichannel diffuse transmission spectrum acquisition probe is adopted to acquire the spectrum information of the fruit, operations such as fruit rotation and the like can be reduced to rapidly acquire a plurality of parallel diffuse transmission spectrum information of the fruit, each sampling spectrum is used for constructing a quantitative model, and the average value of the prediction results of each sampling spectrum is used as the quality index of the measured fruit, so that the accuracy is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the tray according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an annular aperture in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a partial longitudinal section of an annular aperture in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of diffuse transmission spectra of various samples of a portion of a sample according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a plot of the predicted scatter of the mean spectrum and the sampled spectrum of the mean spectrum-based PLS model of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a plot of predicted scatter based on the average spectrum and the sampled spectrum predicted using spectra in accordance with the present invention.
In the figure: 01. a tray; 02. an annular aperture; 3. a halogen lamp light source; 04. a base; 05. a fan; 06. a multi-channel transmission fiber; 07. a micro spectrometer; 08. a controller; 09. a display screen; 10. a voltage converter; 11. a power switch; 12. a drive gear; 13. a motor; 14. a soft silica gel gasket; 15. an optical signal receiving port; 16. a light-transmitting window; 17. a light hole; 170. positioning a light-transmitting hole; 18. a gear groove.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in the embodiment of the present invention, a nondestructive testing device for internal quality of fruit is provided, which comprises a tray 01, an annular aperture 02, a halogen lamp light source 3, a base 04, a multi-channel transmission optical fiber 06 and a motor 13, wherein the tray 01 is used for bearing and limiting fruits, a silica gel soft gasket 14 is further arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the tray 01, so that fruits can be better limited in the tray 01, the base 04 is arranged below the tray 01 and used for supporting and fixing the tray 01, and the annular aperture 02 is positioned in the tray 01 and circumferentially arranged along the inner peripheral wall of the tray 01;
the annular light shielding ring 02 is circumferentially provided with 4 light transmission windows 16 and 4 light transmission hole groups which are communicated with the inner annular wall and the outer annular wall of the annular light shielding ring 02, the light transmission windows 16 are equidistantly arranged and have intervals with any light transmission hole group, each light transmission hole group comprises a positioning light transmission hole 170 and a light transmission hole 17, the positioning light transmission holes 170 are equidistantly arranged, and the distance between the light transmission holes 17 on each light transmission hole group sequentially arranged along the anticlockwise direction of the annular light shielding ring 02 and the corresponding positioning light transmission holes 170 is gradually increased;
the number of the halogen lamp light sources 3 is 4, each halogen lamp light source 3 is arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the tray 01 and corresponds to the position of each light transmission window 16 one by one, the multichannel transmission optical fiber 06 is provided with 4 optical signal receiving ports 15 and 1 optical signal output port, and each optical signal receiving port 15 is arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the tray 01 and corresponds to the position of each light transmission hole 17 one by one;
4 gear grooves 18 are fixedly formed in the periphery of the annular diaphragm 02 at equal intervals, a driving gear 12 in meshed transmission with one gear groove 18 is arranged on one gear groove, driven gears in meshed transmission with the other gear grooves 18 are arranged on the other gear grooves 18, a motor 13 is fixedly arranged on the tray 01, the motor 13 is provided with an output shaft, the output shaft is connected with the driving gear 12 in a linkage manner, and the driving gear 12 and the corresponding gear grooves 18 can be driven to be in meshed transmission through rotation of the output shaft so as to drive the annular diaphragm 02 to rotate clockwise;
no spectrum signal is output when the positions of each light signal receiving port 15 on the tray 1 and each light hole group on the annular light shielding ring 02 are not matched; outputting a spectrum signal when the positions of the optical signal receiving ports 15 on the tray 1 are identical to the positions of the corresponding positioning light-transmitting holes 170; in the rotation process of the annular light shielding ring 02, one of the light signal receiving ports 15 on the tray 1 is matched with the corresponding position of the light transmitting hole 17 and outputs a corresponding spectrum signal, the rest of the light signal receiving ports 15 are not matched with the corresponding positions of the light transmitting holes 1 and do not output spectrum signals, and each halogen lamp light source 3 on the tray is always partially or completely matched with the corresponding position of the light transmitting window 16. .
In addition, each halogen lamp light source 3 and each optical signal receiving port 15 are disposed obliquely upward.
In addition, a display screen 09 is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the base 04, a fan 05, a micro spectrometer 07 and a controller 08 are fixedly arranged in the base 04, the fan 05 is positioned below the tray 01, the micro spectrometer 07 is electrically connected with an optical signal output port of the multi-channel transmission optical fiber 06, the controller 08 is electrically connected with a motor 13, an input end of a voltage converter 10 is further arranged in the base 04, and an output end of the voltage converter is connected with mains supply to supply power to the display screen 09, the fan 05, the micro spectrometer 07, the controller 08 and the halogen lamp light source 3, and the voltage converter 10 can convert 200V alternating current mains supply into low-voltage direct current which can be realized in a rectifier bridge mode and the like to be an existing product. In addition, a power switch 11 is connected in series between the voltage converter 10 and the mains supply outside the base 04, and is used for communicating or cutting off the power supply to the voltage converter.
In the embodiment of the invention, a nondestructive testing method for the internal quality of fruits is also provided, and the nondestructive testing device for the internal quality of fruits is used for testing the fruits and mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1, placing fruits on a tray 01;
step 2, the controller 08 checks whether the annular light shielding ring 02 is at an initial position or not, and drives the motor 13 to reset the annular light shielding ring 02 to the initial position, after a fixed time interval, the controller 08 drives the motor 13 to drive the driving gear 12 to rotate the annular light shielding ring 02 by a fixed angle, at this time, the first optical signal receiving port 15 of the multi-channel transmission optical fiber 6 is exactly matched with the position of the corresponding light transmitting hole 17 in the annular light shielding ring 02, spectrum signals are collected, and the remaining light transmitting holes 17 are all shielded;
step 3, after a fixed time interval, the annular light shielding ring 02 continues to rotate by a fixed angle, the next light signal receiving port 15 which is arranged in sequence is just matched with the position of the corresponding light transmitting hole 17 in the annular light shielding ring 02, spectrum signals are collected, and the remaining light transmitting holes 17 are shielded;
and 4, repeating the step 3 until the last light signal receiving port 15 arranged in sequence is matched with the corresponding light hole 17 in the annular light shielding ring 02, and after all the light signal receiving ports 15 of the multi-channel transmission optical fiber 6 complete spectrum signal acquisition, transmitting the diffuse transmission spectrum signal acquired each time to an internal model of the controller 08, calculating physical and chemical indexes of the corresponding fruits, and calculating the average value and standard deviation of the physical and chemical indexes.
The specific working principle of the invention is as follows: the light of the halogen lamp light source 3 can be ensured to be irradiated to fruits through the light-transmitting window 16 no matter how the angle of the annular diaphragm 02 is adjusted; when the annular shielding ring 02 is adjusted to the zeroth position, the positions of all the optical signal receiving ports 15 are not matched with the positions of all the light-transmitting hole groups, so that all the optical signal receiving ports 15 are shielded, and at the moment, the multichannel transmission optical fiber 06 does not have any optical signal output, namely, a dark field spectrum spec_dark; when the annular shielding ring 02 is adjusted to the fifth position, all the light holes 17 (i.e. 4 light holes 17) can be matched with the positions of the light signal receiving ports 15, and at this time, all the light signal receiving ports 15 in the multi-channel transmission optical fiber 06 can collect spectrum signals, i.e. bright field spectrum spec_reference; when the annular light shielding ring 02 is adjusted to the first position, the light transmitting holes 17 on the first light transmitting hole group (namely, the light transmitting hole group with the positioning light transmitting holes 170 and the light transmitting holes 17 closest to each other) can be opened, namely, the light transmitting holes 17 are matched with the positions of the corresponding light signal receiving ports, and the remaining light transmitting holes 17 are shielded; when the annular light shielding ring 02 is adjusted to the second position, the light holes 17 on the second light hole group which are sequentially arranged along the clockwise direction of the annular light shielding ring 02 can be opened, and the rest light holes 17 are shielded; when the annular light shielding ring 02 is adjusted to the third position, the light transmitting holes 17 on the third light transmitting hole group which are sequentially arranged along the clockwise direction of the annular light shielding ring 02 can be opened, and the rest light transmitting holes 17 are shielded; when the annular shutter 02 is adjusted to the fourth position, the light holes 17 on the fourth light hole group sequentially provided in the clockwise direction of the annular shutter 02 can be opened.
Wherein, when the power switch 11 is started, the controller 08 checks whether the annular diaphragm 02 is at the initial first position and drives the motor 13 to reset to the first position; after the interval T0 (T0 may be 10 seconds), the controller 08 drives the motor 13 to drive the driving gear 12 to make the annular light shielding ring 02 to the second, third, fourth or fifth position, at this time, the optical signal receiving ports 15 corresponding to the multi-channel transmission optical fibers 06 exactly coincide with the positions of the corresponding light transmitting holes 17 in the annular light shielding ring 02, and the rest of the optical signal receiving ports 15 are all shielded by the annular light shielding ring 02; after all the optical signal receiving ports 15 collect diffuse transmission spectrum signals, the controller 08 sends out an instruction to reset to an initial first position;
in addition, when the annular diaphragm 02 is at any position, the controller 08 sends out a command to enable the micro spectrometer 07 to collect spectrum signals in the time T0; after the optical signal receiving ports 15 of all the multichannel transmission optical fibers 06 complete the collection of the spectrum signals, the collected diffuse transmission spectrum signals are transmitted to the internal model of the controller 08, the physicochemical indexes of the fruits corresponding to the collected spectrum signals are calculated, and the average value and the standard deviation of the corresponding physicochemical indexes are calculated.
Application examples
134 Shandong red Fuji apples and 28 Shanxi red Fuji apples were purchased from the local wholesale market in 6 months respectively, and the skin was required to be unbroken, right in appearance and have a transverse diameter of >85mm. Before spectrum collection, the surface is cleaned and numbered, and then the surface is placed in an air conditioning room at 24 ℃ for 16 hours. All operations are completed in an air conditioning room with the temperature of 24+/-2 ℃ so as to avoid the influence of the temperature on spectrum detection.
A Maya2000pro (ocean optics Co., USA) micro spectrometer 07 was used, with a spectral scan wavelength of 550.44-985.30 nm, accounting for 2068 wavenumber points. The spectrum acquisition parameters are set as follows: integration time 100ms, average acquisition number 4, smoothing window 6. After the halogen lamp light source 3 is preheated by turning on the power switch 11, the controller 08 checks whether the annular shutter ring 02 in the fruit tray 01 is at the initial A1 angular position. No matter what angular position the annular diaphragm 02 rotates, the light of the halogen lamp light source 3 can irradiate the surface of the object to be measured through the light-transmitting window 16 on the annular diaphragm 02. Taking the example that the multichannel transmission optical fiber 06 has 4 optical signal receiving ports 15, there are 4 halogen lamp light sources 3, and each optical signal receiving port 15 selectively passes through the light transmission hole 17 on the annular aperture 02 along with the different angles of the annular aperture 02, and the diffuse transmission signals of fruits collected by the micro spectrometer 07 are different, as shown in the following table, in table a 0 Corresponding to the zeroth position A 1 Corresponding to the first position A 2 Corresponding to the second position A 3 Corresponds to the third position，A 4 Corresponding to the fourth position A 5 Corresponding to the fifth position.
In the initial preparation stage, after the halogen lamp light source 3 is preheated, a dark field light signal (spec_dark) and a bright field spectrum (spec_reference) of the detection apparatus need to be collected so that the diffuse transmission light signal of the subsequent object to be detected is converted into a transmittance (T%). First, the motor 13 in the motor 13 control system drives the annular diaphragm 02 to rotate to A 0 At the angular position, all the optical signal receiving ports 15 of the multichannel transmission optical fiber 06 are shielded by the annular aperture 02, no optical signal passes through the light hole 17 of the annular aperture 02, the micro spectrometer 07 in the spectrum acquisition and processing system acquires dark field spectrum (spec_dark), and then the motor 13 in the motor 13 control system rotates the annular aperture 02 to A 5 At the angular position, all the optical signal receiving ports 15 of the multichannel transmission optical fiber 06 can penetrate through the light holes 17 in the annular shielding ring 02, and the white board is adopted as a reflection medium spectrum, so that the light generated by the halogen lamp light source 3 is reflected by the white board, passes through the light holes 17 and enters each optical signal receiving port 15, and the micro spectrometer 07 in the acquisition and processing system acquires a bright field spectrum (spec_reference). At this time, both the collected dark field spectrum and the collected bright field spectrum are stored in the memory of the controller 08.
In the fruit quality detection stage, fruits are placed in the tray 01, the calyx is vertically downward, and the fruits make use of self gravity to enable the fruit surface to be in close contact with the silica gel soft gasket 14, so that the impurity-emitted light is prevented from entering the optical signal receiving port 15 through the light hole 17. The controller 08 drives the motor 13 to rotate the annular diaphragm 02 to A in sequence 1 、A 2 、A 3 、A 4 At equal angular positions and at each angular position for a time T0, the micro-spectrometer 07 is activated to acquire diffuse transmission spectra (spec_si) of the fruit during this time interval T0. Each sampled diffuse transmission signal (Spec si) of the sample is converted to a transmittance (T%) as per equation 1.
FIG. 5 is a graph of four times of diffuse transmission spectra of three samples of fruit with different sugar degrees, wherein the spectra of the samples are not identical; the difference of T% is larger at 600-650 nm and near peak 715nm, which indicates that different sampling measurement positions of fruits have larger influence on the spectrum region; the difference in T% becomes smaller after 740nm, indicating less influence on the spectral signal in this region.
Juicing and filtering 80-130 g of edible apple parts, measuring the content of soluble solids (soluble solid content, SSC) by an Abbe refractometer (model: WAY-2S, precision 0.1% Brix, shanghai precision scientific instruments Co., ltd.), measuring 3 times each sample, taking the average value of 2 times as the physicochemical index of the sample, dividing Shandong red Fuji apples into a training set and a prediction set 1 according to the proportion of 2:1, and taking Shanxi red Fuji apples as a prediction set 2, wherein the results are shown in the following table:
the partial least squares method (partial least square, PLS) is used for training and predicting a regression model, and the spectrum of each training set sample is used as an input item of the model, and the physicochemical index SSC is used as an output item of the model. The first modeling method is: and (3) carrying out average and 7-point smoothing treatment on each sampling spectrum of the samples in the training set to serve as training spectra of the PLS regression model, wherein the predicted spectra are average spectra of samples in a prediction set 1 and a prediction set 2 respectively. The second modeling method is: and directly taking each sampling spectrum in the training set as an input item of the PLS model, namely amplifying the sample capacity to 4 times of the original sample capacity, wherein the predicted spectrum is each sampling spectrum of the samples in the prediction set 1 and the prediction set 2 respectively. For each sampled spectrum of the predicted sample, four predicted values were averaged and compared to the true value, as shown in fig. 7.
As can be seen from fig. 6, the average spectrum PLS model shows that although there is a correlation degree of 0.918 between the diffuse transmission spectrum signal and the sample SSC, the predicted value has a deviation Bias from the actual value to reach-3% brix, which is influenced by factors such as the place of production, age, climate, soil and the like of the sample, so that the predicted value is systematically deviated; and the prediction root mean square error is 0.531% Brix based on each sampling spectrum PLS model, and the prediction deviation Bias is reduced to-0.241% Brix, which shows that the spectrum weight of the transmission spectrum region with effective information can be increased based on each sampling spectrum PLS model. In practical application, it is recommended to use a PLS regression model established based on each sampling spectrum, sample multiple times, and take the average value of the predicted values as the final detection result.
The foregoing disclosure is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. The nondestructive testing method for the internal quality of the fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, placing fruits on a tray (01);
step 2, a controller (08) checks whether the annular light shielding ring (02) is at an initial position or not, drives a motor (13) to reset the annular light shielding ring (02) to the initial position, drives the motor (13) to drive a driving gear (12) to rotate the annular light shielding ring (02) by a fixed angle after fixed time intervals, at the moment, a first optical signal receiving port (15) of the multi-channel transmission optical fiber (06) is exactly matched with the position of a corresponding light transmitting hole (17) in the annular light shielding ring (02) and collects spectrum signals, and the rest light transmitting holes (17) are all shielded;
step 3, after a fixed time interval, the annular light shielding ring (02) continues to rotate by a fixed angle, the next light signal receiving port (15) which is arranged in sequence is just matched with the position of the corresponding light transmitting hole (17) in the annular light shielding ring (02) and collects spectrum signals, and the rest light transmitting holes (17) are shielded;
step 4, repeating the step 3 until the last light signal receiving port (15) arranged in sequence is matched with the position of the corresponding light transmitting hole (17) in the annular light shielding ring (02), and after all the light signal receiving ports (15) of the multichannel transmission optical fiber (06) complete spectrum signal acquisition, transmitting the diffuse transmission spectrum signal acquired each time to an internal model of the controller (08), calculating physical and chemical indexes of the corresponding fruits, and calculating the average value and standard deviation of the physical and chemical indexes;
the detection device used in the detection method comprises a tray (01), an annular light shielding ring (02), a halogen lamp light source (3), a base (04), a multi-channel transmission optical fiber (06) and a motor (13), wherein the tray (01) is used for bearing and limiting fruits, the base (04) is arranged below the tray (01) and is used for supporting and fixing the tray (01), and the annular light shielding ring (02) is arranged in the tray (01) and is circumferentially arranged along the inner peripheral wall of the tray (01);
the annular light shielding ring (02) is circumferentially provided with a plurality of light transmission windows (16) and a plurality of light transmission hole groups which are communicated with the inner annular wall and the outer annular wall of the annular light shielding ring (02), the light transmission windows (16) are equidistantly arranged and are spaced from any one of the light transmission hole groups, each light transmission hole group comprises a positioning light transmission hole (170) and a light transmission hole (17), the positioning light transmission holes (170) are equidistantly arranged, and the distances between the light transmission holes (17) and the corresponding positioning light transmission holes (170) on the light transmission hole groups which are sequentially arranged along the anticlockwise direction of the annular light shielding ring (02) are gradually increased;
the number of the halogen lamp light sources (3) is several, each halogen lamp light source (3) is arranged on the inner circumferential wall of the tray (01) and corresponds to the position of each light transmission window (16) one by one, the multichannel transmission optical fiber (06) is provided with a plurality of optical signal receiving ports (15) and an optical signal output port, and each optical signal receiving port (15) is arranged on the inner circumferential wall of the tray (01) and corresponds to the position of each light transmission hole group one by one;
the periphery of the annular light shielding ring (02) is provided with a plurality of gear grooves (18), wherein one gear groove (18) is provided with a driving gear (12) which is meshed with the gear grooves for transmission, the other gear grooves (18) are provided with driven gears which are meshed with the gear grooves for transmission, the motor (13) is arranged on the tray (01), the motor (13) is provided with an output shaft which is connected with the driving gear (12), and the driving gear (12) can be driven to be meshed with the corresponding gear grooves (18) for transmission through the rotation of the output shaft so as to drive the annular light shielding ring (02) to rotate clockwise;
when the positions of each light signal receiving port (15) on the tray (01) and each light hole group on the annular light shielding ring (02) are not matched, no spectrum signal is output; outputting a spectrum signal when the positions of the optical signal receiving ports (15) on the tray (01) are identical to the positions of the corresponding positioning light-transmitting holes (170); in the rotating process of the annular light shielding ring (02), one optical signal receiving port (15) on the tray (01) is matched with the position of the corresponding light transmitting hole (17) and outputs a corresponding spectrum signal, the rest optical signal receiving ports (15) are not matched with the position of the corresponding light transmitting holes (17) and do not have spectrum signal output, and each halogen lamp light source (3) on the tray (01) is always matched with the position of the corresponding light transmitting window (16) partially or completely;
each halogen lamp light source (3) and each optical signal receiving port (15) are obliquely arranged upwards;
the number of the optical signal receiving ports (15) and the number of the halogen lamp light sources (3) are four;
the utility model provides a light signal output port electricity of base (04) be provided with display screen (09), the inside fixed fan (05), miniature spectrum appearance (07) and controller (08) that are provided with of base (04), fan (05) be located the below of tray (01), miniature spectrum appearance (07) be connected with multichannel transmission optic fibre (06) the light signal output port electricity, controller (08) be connected with motor (13) electricity.
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| CN110308113B (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2021-06-22 | 中南林业科技大学 | A quasi-spherical fruit device of all-round upset for near infrared spectrum detects |
| CN110389104A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-10-29 | 南京林业大学 | The fruit quality detection method that pericarp influences is eliminated based on spectral differences subassembly |
| CN111982835A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-24 | 吉林求是光谱数据科技有限公司 | Fruit sugar degree nondestructive testing device and method based on silicon-based multispectral chip |
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Application publication date: 20181225 Assignee: BEIJING SUNSHINE YISHIDA TRADE Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Wenzhou University Contract record no.: X2023980047827 Denomination of invention: A non-destructive testing device and method for the internal quality of fruits Granted publication date: 20231003 License type: Common License Record date: 20231123 |