CN109084528A - 一种新增制氮塔的深冷空分系统 - Google Patents

一种新增制氮塔的深冷空分系统 Download PDF

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CN109084528A
CN109084528A CN201810947960.7A CN201810947960A CN109084528A CN 109084528 A CN109084528 A CN 109084528A CN 201810947960 A CN201810947960 A CN 201810947960A CN 109084528 A CN109084528 A CN 109084528A
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tower
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nitrogen
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CN109084528B (zh
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张育哲
王继超
周雯
何梅勇
毛宝良
姜昊
刘强
侯强
刘海鹏
缪剑剑
孙雪
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Zhejiang Zhihai Chemical Equipment Engineering Co Ltd
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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    • F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
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    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
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    • F25J2205/32—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes as direct contact cooling tower to produce a cooled gas stream, e.g. direct contact after cooler [DCAC]
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    • F25J2205/34—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes as evaporative cooling tower to produce chilled water, e.g. evaporative water chiller [EWC]
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Abstract

一种新增制氮塔的深冷空分系统，它主要包括分子筛纯化器，空气增压机，增压透平膨胀机，规整填料塔及全精馏无氢制氩塔；经空冷塔冷却后的空气进入切换使用的分子筛纯化器；空气增压机对分子筛纯化器净化后的一股加工空气继续增压，并分两股排出，由增压机增压的空气分为二股排出。

Description

一种新增制氮塔的深冷空分系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新增制氮塔的深冷空分系统，属于深冷空分技术领域。
背景技术
随着化工业的发展，客户对氮气的使用量越来越大, 而传统的空分流程中首先需要保证氧气的产量,而后一般采用两种方式来处理较大的氮氧比, 一, 增加氮气压缩机；二， 牺牲氧和氩的提取率，尽可能满足客户的氮气需求。以上两种方法都有很多的局限性，并且能耗较差。因此，如果能对流程做深一步的研究和改进, 在保证氧气产量的前提下,一方面减少氮气压缩机的数量，另一方面尽可能保证氧和氩的提取率，将会扩展空分的使用范围。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足，而提供一种在现有深冷空分流程基础上进行改良的，能在保证氧气产量的前提下,一方面减少氮气压缩机的数量，另一方面能保证氧和氩提取率的新增制氮塔的深冷空分系统。
本发明的目的是通过如下技术方案来完成的，一种新增制氮塔的深冷空分系统，它主要包括分子筛纯化器，空气增压机，增压透平膨胀机，规整填料塔及全精馏无氢制氩塔；
所述的分子筛纯化器为两只切换使用，经空冷塔冷却后的空气进入切换使用的分子筛纯化器；
所述的空气增压机对分子筛纯化器净化后的一股加工空气继续增压，并分两股排出，由增压机增压的空气分为二股排出：其中在空气增压机第一级抽出一股空气，作为原料气进入制氮塔；另一股空气在空气增压机BAC中继续增压，被冷却后分为两部分，一部分进入板式换热器换热后从中部抽出送入增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端，膨胀后送入规整填料塔的下塔；另一部分进入增压透平膨胀机的增压端继续增压，再次冷却后进入板式换热器与高压液氧换热，换热后的高压液空经节流阀节流或液体膨胀机后送入规整填料塔的下塔；
分子筛纯化器净化后的大部分空气直接进入板式换热器，被返流气体冷却至饱和温度，出板式换热器冷端直接进入规整填料塔的下塔进行精馏；
所述制氮塔的塔顶纯氮气作为产品经过板式换热器复热后送出或者进一步增压后送出，下塔的部分液氮作为冷量送入制氮塔顶部；制氮塔底部的富氧液空作为冷源送入制氮塔顶部的冷凝器，气化后送入规整填料塔的下塔；制氮塔顶部的氮气通过冷凝蒸发器被富氧液空冷凝后作为顶部液体向下流动，建立精馏；
空气经规整填料塔的下塔初步精馏后，从上到下分别获得纯液氮、污液氮和液空，这三股流体经过过冷器冷却后节流进入规整填料塔的上塔；经上塔进一步精馏后，在上塔底部获得液氧，经液氧泵压缩后进入板式换热器E1，复热后出冷箱，进入氧气管网；另抽取部分液氧过冷后作为液氧产品送入液氧贮槽；
从规整填料塔的下塔顶部抽出液氮，部分经过冷器过冷后作为产品进入贮槽；部分经过泵增压后送入制氮塔顶部；
从规整填料塔的上塔上部引出污氮气经过冷器、板式换热器复热出冷箱后分成两部分：一部分进入分子筛系统的加热器，作为分子筛再生气体，其余污氮气去水冷塔；
从规整填料塔的上塔顶部抽出常压氮气，经过冷器、板式换热器复热出冷箱作为预留氮气产品，其中部分经过氮气压缩机压缩后送往用户氮气管网；从规整填料塔的上塔顶部抽出部分液氮，作为液氮产品送入液氮储槽。
作为优选：所述的全精馏无氢制氩塔由粗氩塔和纯氩塔组成，在规整填料塔的上塔中部氩组分富集处抽取一定量的粗氩气送入粗氩塔底部，粗氩塔底部的回流液体经液氩泵加压后送回规整填料塔的上塔；氩馏份经粗氩塔精馏后在粗氩塔顶部得到粗液氩，并送入纯氩塔的中部，经纯氩塔精馏后在塔底部得到纯液氩；
所述的空气冷却塔通入经离心式空压机压缩的空气，原料空气自吸入口吸入，经自洁式空气过滤器AF除去灰尘及其它机械杂质；过滤后的空气进入离心式空压机；所述的空冷塔上部进冷冻水, 中部进常温循环水,空气自下而上穿过空气冷却塔，并在冷却的同时，又得到清洗。
本发明的优势在于：可以产出8~12公斤的氮气，具体压力取决于增压机第一级后的空气压力和流程优化，只需要新增一个较小的制氮塔，其氮气产量在较大范围内可调，并减少了氮气压缩机配置。
本发明是在现有深冷空分流程基础上进行改良的，它具有能在保证氧气产量的前提下,一方面减少氮气压缩机的数量，另一方面能保证氧和氩提取率等特点。
附图说明
图1是本发明的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明作详细的介绍：图1所示，本发明所述的一种新增制氮塔的深冷空分系统，它主要包括分子筛纯化器，空气增压机，增压透平膨胀机，规整填料塔及全精馏无氢制氩塔；
所述的分子筛纯化器为两只切换使用，经空冷塔AC冷却后的空气进入切换使用的分子筛纯化器MS1/MS2；
所述的空气增压机BAC对分子筛纯化器净化后的一股加工空气继续增压，并分两股排出，由增压机BAC增压的空气分为二股排出：其中在空气增压机BAC第一级抽出一股空气，作为原料气进入制氮塔C3；另一股空气在空气增压机BAC中继续增压，被冷却后分为两部分，一部分进入板式换热器E1换热后从中部抽出送入增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端ET，膨胀后送入规整填料塔的下塔C1；另一部分进入增压透平膨胀机的增压端BT继续增压，再次冷却后进入板式换热器E1与高压液氧换热，换热后的高压液空经节流阀节流或液体膨胀机Liq ET后送入规整填料塔的下塔；
分子筛纯化器净化后的大部分空气直接进入板式换热器E1，被返流气体冷却至饱和温度，出板式换热器E1冷端直接进入规整填料塔的下塔C1进行精馏；
所述制氮塔C3的塔顶纯氮气作为产品经过板式换热器E1复热后送出或者进一步增压后送出，下塔的部分液氮作为冷量送入制氮塔C3顶部；制氮塔C3底部的富氧液空作为冷源送入制氮塔顶部的冷凝器K2，气化后送入规整填料塔的下塔C1；制氮塔C3顶部的氮气通过冷凝蒸发器被富氧液空冷凝后作为顶部液体向下流动，建立精馏；
空气经规整填料塔的下塔C1初步精馏后，从上到下分别获得纯液氮、污液氮和液空，这三股流体经过过冷器E2冷却后节流进入规整填料塔的上塔C2；经上塔C2进一步精馏后，在上塔C2底部获得液氧，经液氧泵OP压缩后进入板式换热器E1，复热后出冷箱，进入氧气管网；另抽取部分液氧过冷后作为液氧产品送入液氧贮槽；
从规整填料塔的下塔C1顶部抽出液氮，部分经过冷器E2过冷后作为产品进入贮槽；部分经过泵NP增压后送入制氮塔C3顶部；
从规整填料塔的上塔C2上部引出污氮气经过冷器E2、板式换热器E1复热出冷箱后分成两部分：一部分进入分子筛系统MS1/MS2的加热器，作为分子筛再生气体，其余污氮气去水冷塔EC；
从规整填料塔的上塔C2顶部抽出常压氮气，经过冷器E2、板式换热器E1复热出冷箱作为预留氮气产品，其中部分经过氮气压缩机压缩后送往用户氮气管网；从规整填料塔的上塔C2顶部抽出部分液氮，作为液氮产品送入液氮储槽。
本发明所述的全精馏无氢制氩塔由粗氩塔C701和纯氩塔C702组成，在规整填料塔的上塔C1中部氩组分富集处抽取一定量的粗氩气送入粗氩塔C701底部，粗氩塔底部的回流液体经液氩泵AP加压后送回规整填料塔的上塔C2；氩馏份经粗氩塔C701精馏后在粗氩塔C701顶部得到粗液氩，并送入纯氩塔C702的中部，经纯氩塔C702精馏后在塔底部得到纯液氩；
所述的空气冷却塔AC通入经离心式空压机MAC压缩的空气，原料空气自吸入口吸入，经自洁式空气过滤器AF除去灰尘及其它机械杂质；过滤后的空气进入离心式空压机MAC；所述的空冷塔AC上部进冷冻水, 中部进常温循环水,空气自下而上穿过空气冷却塔AC，并在冷却的同时，又得到清洗。
实施例：图1所示，本发明为分子筛净化空气，空气增压，氧泵内压缩，带增压透平膨胀机制冷，采用规整填料塔及全精馏无氢制氩的工艺流程。
原料空气自吸入口吸入，经自洁式空气过滤器AF除去灰尘及其它机械杂质，过滤后的空气进入离心式空压机MAC，经压缩机压缩后进入空气冷却塔AC被冷却；空冷塔上部进冷冻水, 中部进常温循环水,空气自下而上穿过空气冷却塔AC，在冷却的同时，又得到清洗。
循环水进入水冷塔后, 送入污氮气,利用污氮气中湿度为0的特性,蒸发部分水,使水冷塔中的水温度降低, 而后将水送入冷冻机RU继续降温,得到冷冻水。
经空冷塔AC冷却后的空气进入切换使用的分子筛纯化器MS1/MS2，空气中的二氧化碳、乙炔和水分被吸附。分子筛纯化器为两只切换使用。
净化后的加工空气分为两股：一股去空气增压机BAC继续增压；剩下的大部分空气直接进入板式换热器E1，被返流气体冷却至饱和温度，出板式换热器E1冷端直接进入下塔C1进行精馏。
由增压机BAC增压的空气分为二股排出：1.在增压机BAC第一级抽出一股空气，作为原料气进入制氮塔C3。2.另一股空气在增压机BAC中继续增压，被冷却后分为两部分，一部分进入换热器E1换热后从中部抽出送入增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端ET，膨胀后送入下塔C1；另一部分进入增压透平膨胀机的增压端BT继续增压，再次冷却后进入板式E1与高压液氧换热，换热后的高压液空经节流阀节流或液体膨胀机Liq ET后送入下塔。
增压机BAC第一级抽出的空气作为原料气送入制氮塔C3后进行精馏，塔顶的纯氮气作为产品经过换热器E1复热后送出或者进一步增压后送出，下塔的部分液氮作为冷量送入制氮塔C3顶部。制氮塔C3底部的富氧液空作为冷源送入制氮塔顶部的冷凝器K2，气化后送入下塔C1。制氮塔C3顶部的氮气通过冷凝蒸发器被富氧液空冷凝后作为顶部液体向下流动，建立精馏。
空气经下塔C1初步精馏后，从上到下分别获得纯液氮、污液氮和液空，这三股流体经过过冷器E2冷却后节流进入上塔C2。经上塔C2进一步精馏后，在上塔C2底部获得液氧，经液氧泵OP压缩后进入板式换热器E1，复热后出冷箱，进入氧气管网。另抽取部分液氧过冷后作为液氧产品送入液氧贮槽。
从下塔顶部抽出液氮C1，部分经过冷器E2过冷后作为产品进入贮槽。部分经过泵NP增压后送入制氮塔C3顶部。
从上塔C2上部引出污氮气经过冷器E2、板式换热器E1复热出冷箱后分成两部分：一部分进入分子筛系统MS1/MS2的加热器，作为分子筛再生气体，其余污氮气去水冷塔EC。
从上塔顶部抽出常压氮气，经过冷器E2、板式换热器E1复热出冷箱作为预留氮气产品，其中部分经过氮气压缩机压缩后送往用户氮气管网，用户不需要时送往水冷塔。
从上塔顶部抽出部分液氮，可以作为液氮产品送入液氮储槽。
通过上塔和下塔的压力不同，通过组分的差异和压力的差别，在主冷凝蒸发器K1中建立换热，下塔顶部的氮气被冷凝，上塔底部的液氧被蒸发。
在上塔中部氩组分富集处抽取一定量的粗氩气送入粗氩塔C701底部，粗氩塔底部的回流液体经液氩泵AP加压后送回上塔C1；氩馏份经粗氩塔C701精馏后在C701顶部得到粗液氩，并送入纯氩塔中部C702，经纯氩塔C702精馏后在塔底部得到纯液氩。

Claims (2)

1.一种新增制氮塔的深冷空分系统，它主要包括分子筛纯化器，空气增压机，增压透平膨胀机，规整填料塔及全精馏无氢制氩塔，其特征在于：
所述的分子筛纯化器为两只切换使用，经空冷塔（AC）冷却后的空气进入切换使用的分子筛纯化器（MS1/MS2）；
所述的空气增压机（BAC）对分子筛纯化器净化后的一股加工空气继续增压，并分两股排出，由增压机(BAC)增压的空气分为二股排出：其中在空气增压机(BAC)第一级抽出一股空气，作为原料气进入制氮塔(C3)；另一股空气在空气增压机(BAC)中继续增压，被冷却后分为两部分，一部分进入板式换热器(E1)换热后从中部抽出送入增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端(ET)，膨胀后送入规整填料塔的下塔(C1)；另一部分进入增压透平膨胀机的增压端(BT)继续增压，再次冷却后进入板式换热器(E1)与高压液氧换热，换热后的高压液空经节流阀节流或液体膨胀机(Liq ET)后送入规整填料塔的下塔(AC）；
分子筛纯化器净化后的大部分空气直接进入板式换热器(E1)，被返流气体冷却至饱和温度，出板式换热器(E1)冷端直接进入规整填料塔的下塔(C1)进行精馏；
所述制氮塔(C3)的塔顶纯氮气作为产品经过板式换热器(E1)复热后送出或者进一步增压后送出，下塔的部分液氮作为冷量送入制氮塔(C3)顶部；制氮塔(C3)底部的富氧液空作为冷源送入制氮塔顶部的冷凝器(K2)，气化后送入规整填料塔的下塔(C1)；制氮塔(C3)顶部的氮气通过冷凝蒸发器被富氧液空冷凝后作为顶部液体向下流动，建立精馏；
空气经规整填料塔的下塔(C1)初步精馏后，从上到下分别获得纯液氮、污液氮和液空，这三股流体经过过冷器E2冷却后节流进入规整填料塔的上塔（C2）；经上塔（C2）进一步精馏后，在上塔(C2)底部获得液氧，经液氧泵(OP)压缩后进入板式换热器(E1)，复热后出冷箱，进入氧气管网；另抽取部分液氧过冷后作为液氧产品送入液氧贮槽；
从规整填料塔的下塔(C1)顶部抽出液氮，部分经过冷器(E2)过冷后作为产品进入贮槽；部分经过泵(NP)增压后送入制氮塔(C3)顶部；
从规整填料塔的上塔(C2)上部引出污氮气经过冷器(E2)、板式换热器(E1)复热出冷箱后分成两部分：一部分进入分子筛系统(MS1/MS2)的加热器，作为分子筛再生气体，其余污氮气去水冷塔(EC)；
从规整填料塔的上塔(C2)顶部抽出常压氮气，经过冷器(E2)、板式换热器(E1)复热出冷箱作为预留氮气产品，其中部分经过氮气压缩机压缩后送往用户氮气管网；从规整填料塔的上塔(C2)顶部抽出部分液氮，作为液氮产品送入液氮储槽。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新增制氮塔的深冷空分系统，其特征在于所述的全精馏无氢制氩塔由粗氩塔(C701)和纯氩塔(C702)组成，在规整填料塔的上塔(C1)中部氩组分富集处抽取一定量的粗氩气送入粗氩塔(C701)底部，粗氩塔底部的回流液体经液氩泵(AP)加压后送回规整填料塔的上塔(C2)；氩馏份经粗氩塔(C701)精馏后在粗氩塔(C701)顶部得到粗液氩，并送入纯氩塔(C702)的中部，经纯氩塔(C702)精馏后在塔底部得到纯液氩；
所述的空气冷却塔(AC)通入经离心式空压机(MAC)压缩的空气，原料空气自吸入口吸入，经自洁式空气过滤器(AF)除去灰尘及其它机械杂质；过滤后的空气进入离心式空压机(MAC)；所述的空冷塔(AC)上部进冷冻水, 中部进常温循环水,空气自下而上穿过空气冷却塔(AC)，并在冷却的同时，又得到清洗。
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