CN109082304B - Automatic control household garbage pyrolysis gasifier - Google Patents

Automatic control household garbage pyrolysis gasifier Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109082304B
CN109082304B CN201811005440.0A CN201811005440A CN109082304B CN 109082304 B CN109082304 B CN 109082304B CN 201811005440 A CN201811005440 A CN 201811005440A CN 109082304 B CN109082304 B CN 109082304B
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furnace
furnace body
air
oil
gas
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CN109082304A (en
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徐庆惠
段锡黎
续志军
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Dalian Huichuan Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Dalian Huichuan Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72Other features
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72Other features
    • C10J3/74Construction of shells or jackets
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956Air or oxygen enriched air

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

An automatic control household garbage pyrolysis gasifier belongs to the technical field of household garbage recycling. The pyrolysis gasification furnace comprises a furnace body base, a furnace body, a material distribution device, an air supply device, an air distribution disc driving device and a combustible gas and oil gas reflux device. The use of the fireproof heat-insulating wall increases the gasification temperature in the furnace to improve the gasification efficiency, and the fuel gas oil gas reflux device enables a large amount of generated tar to be cracked for the second time to improve the quality and the quantity purity of gasified fuel gas. The fixed-point distributing device can accurately control the height of the material layer in the gasification furnace to ensure gasification effect, and can facilitate personnel operation and reduce unnecessary motor energy consumption by interlocking control with a feeder. The furnace bottom is used as a supporting structure in a flange mode, so that all parts are convenient to disassemble and maintain, and slag and water are separated. The air supply system simplifies the structure, is convenient to install and has the functions of two air paths, and water seal is not needed to be supplemented regularly. The automatic slag discharging device can realize the characteristic of centralized collection of slag discharging at any time; the explosion-proof valve at the upper part of the furnace body is used to avoid the sudden flash explosion of gas from injuring equipment and personnel.

Description

Automatic control household garbage pyrolysis gasifier
Technical Field
The invention relates to an automatic control household garbage pyrolysis gasifier, and belongs to the technical field of household garbage recycling.
Background
At present, the garbage pyrolysis gasification technology and treatment equipment are the most advanced, economical and practical technological methods actively advocated at home and abroad, especially developed countries, and not only can realize thorough garbage reduction, complete harmless treatment and maximized resource utilization, but also have no secondary tail gas emission pollution, no harmful waste residue emission and the like. The garbage disposal mainly comprises three methods: landfill treatment, incineration treatment and composting treatment. The incineration method is a method of placing garbage in a high temperature furnace to sufficiently oxidize combustible components therein, and the generated heat is used for power generation and heating. The incineration treatment has the advantages of good reduction effect (the volume of the incinerated residue is reduced by more than 90 percent, the weight is reduced by more than 85 percent), but in the actual operation process, the traditional furnace bottom air distribution disc (whichever structure) of the household garbage pyrolysis gasification can have the problems of relatively low internal temperature of the gasification furnace, large gas tar content after gasification, unclear material layer state in the furnace, difficult slag discharge caused by ash mixing due to a water seal structure of the furnace body, complex water seal structure of an air supply pipeline and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an automatic control household garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace. The pyrolysis gasification furnace adopts a furnace body lining fire wall, a combustible gas and oil reflux device, a fixed-position distributor for distributing materials and controlling the distribution with a feeder in a linkage way, a furnace bottom flange supporting structure is added, a water sealing device of an air supply system is canceled, an automatic slag discharging device is added, and an explosion-proof valve is arranged at the upper part of the furnace body.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the automatic control household garbage pyrolysis gasifier comprises a furnace body base, a furnace body, a material distribution device, an air supply device, an air distribution disc driving device and a combustible gas oil-gas reflux device, wherein the furnace body base is fixedly connected with the furnace body through furnace body supporting legs, a fireproof heat-insulating wall is arranged on the inner side of the furnace body, the air distribution disc and an automatic slag discharge valve are arranged at the bottom, a shaft sleeve support and an explosion-proof valve for supporting a shaft sleeve are arranged at the top, and a feeding pipe and a combustible gas outlet pipe which are opposite to each other are arranged on the side face of the top; the material distributing device comprises a rotating mechanism and a lifting mechanism, wherein the rotating mechanism adopts a rotary driving motor to drive a material distributing shaft penetrating through a shaft sleeve and the end part of the material distributing shaft to be fixedly connected with a material distributing device to rotate, the lifting mechanism adopts two ends of a transverse frame to be respectively connected with the upper ends of one oil cylinder, the lower ends of the two oil cylinders are connected with a furnace body through pin shafts, the rotary driving motor is fixedly arranged on the transverse frame, and when the two oil cylinders lift, the material distributing shaft driven by the rotary driving motor is driven to lift in the shaft sleeve; the air supply device adopts an air blower to supply air into the air distribution disc through an air supply pipe and an air supply sleeve sleeved outside the oil gas backflow core pipe; the combustible gas oil-gas reflux device is characterized in that an air inlet of an oil-gas separator is connected with a combustible gas outlet pipe, and oil gas discharged from an exhaust port of the oil-gas separator enters a hearth through an oil-gas reflux pipe, an oil-gas reflux core pipe and a reflux outlet pipe; the wind distribution plate driving device comprises a wind distribution plate, a labyrinth seal between the wind distribution plate and a furnace bottom support flange and a bearing for supporting the wind distribution plate, and a pinion is adopted for driving a large gear fixedly connected with the wind distribution plate by a wind distribution plate driving motor.
The reflux outlet air is Yu Bufeng disc 10-800mm in height.
The combustible gas outlet pipe is provided with a pressure sensor, and the rotating speed of the blower is adjusted through a pressure change feedback signal of the pressure sensor, so that the pressure in the furnace is controlled within the range of 100-5000 pa.
And a flowmeter and an anemometer are arranged in the air supply pipe.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the automatic control household garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace comprises a furnace body base, a furnace body, a material distribution device, an air supply device, an air distribution disc driving device and a combustible gas and oil gas reflux device. The use of the refractory heat-insulating wall increases the gasification temperature in the furnace to improve the gasification efficiency, and the combustible gas reflux device enables a large amount of generated tar to be subjected to secondary pyrolysis and obviously improves the quality, quantity and heat value of gasified combustible gas. The fixed-point distributor can accurately control the height of the material layer in the gasification furnace to ensure gasification effect; the control of interlocking with the feeder is convenient for personnel to operate. Unnecessary motor energy consumption is reduced. The furnace bottom is used as a supporting structure in a flange mode, so that all parts are convenient to disassemble and maintain, and slag and water are separated. The air supply system is simple in structure and convenient to install, has the functions of two air paths, does not need to supplement water periodically, and can realize the characteristic of collecting slag in a concentrated mode at any time by the automatic slag discharging device, and the explosion-proof valve at the upper part of the furnace body is used for avoiding the damage to equipment and personnel caused by sudden flash explosion of air.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an automatically controlled household garbage pyrolysis gasifier.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view a in fig. 1.
In the figure: 1. the furnace body base, 1a, furnace body supporting legs, 2, a blower, 2a, a wind supply pipe, 2b, a wind supply sleeve, 3, a wind distribution disc driving motor, 3a, a pinion, 3b, a large gear, 3c, a bearing, 4, a furnace bottom supporting flange, 4a, labyrinth seal, 5, a wind distribution disc, 6, a furnace body, 7, a fireproof heat insulation wall, 8, a distributor, 8a, a distributor shaft, 8b, a shaft sleeve, 8c, a shaft sleeve support, 8d, a rotary driving motor, 8e, a transverse frame, 8f, a cylinder, 8g, a pin shaft, 9, a feeding pipe, 10, an explosion-proof valve, 11, a combustible gas outlet pipe, 12, an automatic slag discharge valve, 13, a backflow pipe, 13a, an oil gas backflow core pipe, 13b, a backflow gas outlet head, 14 and an oil-gas separator.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be more fully described by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 and 2 show a structure diagram of an automatic control household garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace. In the figure, the automatic control household garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace comprises a furnace body base 1, a furnace body 6, a material distribution device, an air supply device, an air distribution disc driving device and a combustible gas oil-gas reflux device. The furnace body base 1 is fixedly connected with a furnace body 6 through furnace body supporting legs 1a, a fireproof heat preservation wall 7 is arranged on the inner side of the furnace body 6, a wind distribution disc 5 and an automatic slag discharging valve 12 are arranged at the bottom, a shaft sleeve support 8c supporting a shaft sleeve 8b and an explosion-proof valve 10 are arranged at the top, and a feeding pipe 9 and a combustible gas outlet pipe 11 which are opposite to each other are arranged on the side face of the top. The material distributing device comprises a rotating mechanism and a lifting mechanism, wherein the rotating mechanism adopts a rotary driving motor 8d to drive a material distributing shaft 8a penetrating through a shaft sleeve 8b and fixedly connected with a material distributing device 8 at the end part, the lifting mechanism adopts two ends of a transverse frame 8e to be respectively connected with the upper ends of an oil cylinder 8f, the lower ends of the two oil cylinders 8f are connected with a furnace body 6 through a pin shaft 8g, the rotary driving motor 8d is fixedly arranged on the transverse frame 8e, and when the two oil cylinders 8f lift, the material distributing shaft 8a driven by the rotary driving motor 8d is driven to lift in the shaft sleeve 8 b. The air supply device adopts an air blower 2 to supply air into the air distribution disc 5 through an air supply pipe 2a and an air supply sleeve 2b sleeved outside an oil gas backflow core pipe 13 a. The gas inlet of the gas-oil separator 14 is connected with the gas outlet pipe 11, and the oil gas discharged from the discharge outlet of the gas-oil separator 14 enters the hearth through the gas-oil return pipe 13, the gas-oil return core pipe 13a and the return gas outlet rail 13 b. The wind distribution plate driving device comprises a wind distribution plate 5, a labyrinth seal 4a between the wind distribution plate 5 and a furnace bottom support flange 4 and a bearing 3c for supporting the wind distribution plate 5, and a pinion 3a is adopted by the wind distribution plate driving motor 3 to drive a large gear 3b fixedly connected with the wind distribution plate 5. The reflux air outlet rail 13b is 5 to 400mm higher than the Yu Bufeng disc. The combustible gas outlet pipe 11 is provided with a pressure sensor, and the blower 2 adjusts the rotating speed through a pressure change feedback signal of the pressure sensor, so that the pressure in the furnace is controlled within 2500 pa. A flowmeter and an anemometer are arranged in the air supply pipe 2 a.
By adopting the technical scheme, the furnace body base of the automatic control household garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace is formed by 5 welded piece bolted connection and is in bolted connection with the furnace body supporting leg, so that the automatic control household garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace is convenient to detach and stable in structure. The air supply system consists of an air supply pipeline, a double-way air supply box, a flowmeter, an anemometer and the like, the air supply quantity is controlled in linkage with a pressure sensor arranged on the furnace body, the air supply box is connected to a transmission bottom plate of an air distribution disc through bolts, the device has no traditional water seal structure, and the trouble of timing water supplement of the water seal structure is avoided. The air supply pipe is communicated with the air distribution disc to realize controllable circumferential air supply, and the air distribution disc driving device consists of a rotary support, a driving gear, a driving motor speed reducer and a fixing plate. The rotation speed of the driving motor is adjustable, the requirements of different material layer heights and different slag discharging amounts on the rotation speed can be met, the fixing plate is directly connected to the furnace bottom flange supporting plate by bolts, the number of supporting legs is reduced, the overhaul space of the bottom of the furnace body is increased, and the integral structure of the lower part of the furnace body is further simplified. The furnace bottom flange supporting structure is internally provided with three labyrinth sealing rings, and is additionally provided with sealing filler oil sludge to ensure that the flue gas in the furnace body is not leaked outside, and the furnace bottom flange supporting structure is connected with the furnace body through bolts, so that the furnace bottom flange supporting structure is convenient to detach and maintain. The whole air distribution disc and the bottom plate form a low conical cavity and are communicated with the common air pipe to realize annular air distribution, and the air quantity and the pressure sensor at the upper part of the furnace body are controlled in a linkage manner. Four deslagging scraping plates are arranged on the periphery of the air distribution disc fixing plate, and deslagging work is completed when the air distribution disc drives the air distribution disc to rotate for air distribution. The furnace body is formed by an outer water jacket and an inner fire-resistant heat-insulating wall, the outer water jacket can avoid damage to external personnel and equipment caused by high temperature of the furnace body, meanwhile, the high temperature in the water jacket can be utilized according to needs, and the fire-resistant heat-insulating wall is paved in the furnace body to increase the internal temperature of the furnace body and improve gasification efficiency of the gasification furnace. The refractory brick is shaped as a universal brick, and the required diameter can be adjusted according to different thickness of the refractory wall. The distributing device is in a fixed-point distributing mode, but the height position of the distributing device can be adjusted through a hydraulic cylinder, and the distributing device is formed by rotary motion and up-down motion and is driven by a rotary driving motor reducer and the hydraulic cylinder respectively. The main shaft of the rotary driving motor is provided with a torque sensor and realizes interlocking control with a feeder device, when the contact torque of a distributor shifting plate and materials is increased, a feedback signal is fed back to the feeder and the feeding is stopped, otherwise, the feeder continuously works, the upper part of the furnace body is provided with four explosion-proof valves, one explosion-proof valve is provided with a pressure sensor, the pressure value of the explosion-proof valve and an air supply fan are mutually in interlocking control, and the air supply quantity of the fan is properly adjusted according to the change of the pressure in the furnace so as to ensure the balance of the pressure in the furnace. The automatic slag discharging valve has high sealing performance, and ensures that the smoke is not leaked in the slag discharging process. Because the deslagging scraper and the air distribution disc are of an integrated structure, the deslagging scraper is controlled to be interlocked with the rotary driving device of the air distribution disc, and ash residues are collected after passing through an automatic deslagging valve. The flue gas reflux device consists of a draught fan, a flowmeter, a pipeline and the like, wherein the draught fan, the feeder and the pressure gauge at the upper part of the furnace body are in linkage control, and the flue gas reflux quantity is actually controlled according to the feeding quantity and the pressure inside the furnace body. The air outlet of the flue gas reflux device is deep into the oxidation layer of the gasification furnace and is 400mm higher than the air distribution disc, and the purpose of the flue gas reflux device is to carry out secondary pyrolysis gasification on tar substances contained in flue gas. The purpose of primary purification of the combustible gas is achieved.
The main problems solved by adopting the technical scheme are as follows:
1. solves the problem of insufficient internal temperature of the gasification furnace
Most of the traditional gasification furnace bodies are of water sealing sleeve structures, and the structures absorb and consume a large amount of temperature in the furnace, so that the peripheral temperature of the gasification furnace is reduced, the gasification efficiency is influenced, the refractory heat-insulating wall is added to promote the rise of the internal and peripheral temperatures of the rear furnace, the gasification efficiency is greatly increased, and the calorific value of the gasified combustible gas is improved.
2. Solves the problem of high content of combustible gas tar after gasification
The design of the fuel gas and oil gas reflux device ensures that gasified gas is reversed to the oxidation layer of the gasifier, so that tar can be subjected to secondary pyrolysis. And finishing the primary purification of the combustible gas.
3. Solves the problem of unstable material layer in the gasification furnace
The design of the fixed-point distributor is provided with a torque sensor and is in interlocking control with the feeder, so that the height of the material layer in the gasification furnace is accurately increased, and the gasification effect is improved.
4. Solves the problems of disassembly, maintenance and slag-water mixing of the traditional gasification furnace
The design of the flange support at the lower part of the furnace bottom ensures that any part of the gasification furnace equipment can be disassembled at any time and overhauled, and the water seal structure of the original gasification furnace is canceled, so that slag and water are separated, and slag discharge is convenient.
5. Solves the problem that the air quantity of the traditional air supply system is uncontrollable and the water is replenished regularly
The fresh air system is divided into an air supply channel and an oil gas backflow channel, and the flowmeter and the anemograph are additionally arranged respectively, so that the air supply quantity and the oil gas backflow quantity can be accurately controlled, meanwhile, the water seal structure is canceled, the installation and manufacturing difficulty is reduced, and the work that the water seal needs to be regularly supplemented with water is also omitted.
6. Solves the slag discharging problem
The slag discharging valve has strict sealing performance, ensures that the smoke in the furnace body is not leaked, and is controlled to be opened and closed simultaneously with the linkage of the air distribution disc.

Claims (4)

1. An automatic control household garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace comprises a furnace body base (1), a furnace body (6), a material distribution device, an air supply device and an air distribution disc driving device, and is characterized in that: the furnace body base (1) is fixedly connected with the furnace body (6) through furnace body supporting legs (1 a), a fireproof heat-insulating wall (7) is arranged on the inner side of the furnace body (6), an air distribution disc (5) and an automatic slag discharging valve (12) are arranged at the bottom, a shaft sleeve support (8 c) for supporting a shaft sleeve (8 b) and an explosion-proof valve (10) are arranged at the top, and a feeding pipe (9) and a combustible gas outlet pipe (11) which are opposite to each other are arranged on the side face of the top; the material distribution device comprises a rotating mechanism and a lifting mechanism, wherein the rotating mechanism adopts a rotary driving motor (8 d) to drive a material distribution shaft (8 a) penetrating through a shaft sleeve (8 b) and fixedly connected with a material distribution device (8) at the end part to rotate, the lifting mechanism adopts two ends of a transverse frame (8 e) to be respectively connected with the upper ends of an oil cylinder (8 f), the lower ends of the two oil cylinders (8 f) are connected with a furnace body (6) through pin shafts (8 g), the rotary driving motor (8 d) is fixedly arranged on the transverse frame (8 e), and when the two oil cylinders (8 f) are lifted, the material distribution shaft (8 a) driven by the rotary driving motor (8 d) is driven to lift in the shaft sleeve (8 b); the air supply device adopts an air blower (2) to supply air into an air distribution disc (5) through an air supply pipe (2 a) and an air supply sleeve (2 b) sleeved outside an oil gas backflow core pipe (13 a); the fuel gas and oil gas reflux device is characterized in that an air inlet of an oil-gas separator (14) is connected with a fuel gas outlet pipe (11), and oil gas discharged from an outlet of the oil-gas separator (14) enters a hearth through an oil gas reflux pipe (13), an oil gas reflux core pipe (13 a) and a reflux air outlet rail (13 b); the wind distribution disc driving device comprises a wind distribution disc (5), a labyrinth seal (4 a) between the wind distribution disc (5) and a furnace bottom supporting flange (4) and a bearing (3 c) for supporting the wind distribution disc (5), and a pinion (3 a) is adopted by a wind distribution disc driving motor (3) to drive a large gear (3 b) fixedly connected with the wind distribution disc (5).
2. An automatically controlled household garbage pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reflux air outlet rail (13 b) is 10mm-800mm higher than the Yu Bufeng disc (5).
3. An automatically controlled household garbage pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: the combustible gas outlet pipe (11) is provided with a pressure sensor, and the rotating speed of the blower (2) is adjusted through a pressure change feedback signal of the pressure sensor, so that the pressure in the furnace is controlled within the range of 100-5000 pa.
4. An automatically controlled household garbage pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: a flowmeter and an anemometer are arranged in the air supply pipe (2 a).
CN201811005440.0A 2018-08-30 2018-08-30 Automatic control household garbage pyrolysis gasifier Active CN109082304B (en)

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CN110345487A (en) * 2019-08-07 2019-10-18 大连惠川环保科技有限公司 A kind of large size domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification oven
CN110606637B (en) * 2019-10-18 2024-06-11 南京永禾环保工程有限公司 Organic sludge pyrolysis furnace

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