CN109072338A - 稀有金属回收方法 - Google Patents
稀有金属回收方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109072338A CN109072338A CN201780028010.8A CN201780028010A CN109072338A CN 109072338 A CN109072338 A CN 109072338A CN 201780028010 A CN201780028010 A CN 201780028010A CN 109072338 A CN109072338 A CN 109072338A
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- chloride residue
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010333 wet classification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 Ethylhexyl Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000019771 cognition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid Chemical class CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWZTTZUKDVJDCM-CEJAUHOTSA-M disodium;(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2s,3s,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;iron(3+);oxygen(2-);hydroxide;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 FWZTTZUKDVJDCM-CEJAUHOTSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012492 regenerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Sc]O[Sc]=O HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
- B03B5/48—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by mechanical classifiers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
- B07B1/4609—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens constructional details of screening surfaces or meshes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/38—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds containing phosphorus
- C22B3/383—Tervalent phosphorus oxyacids, esters thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/38—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds containing phosphorus
- C22B3/384—Pentavalent phosphorus oxyacids, esters thereof
- C22B3/3846—Phosphoric acid, e.g. (O)P(OH)3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1263—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction
- C22B34/1268—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction using alkali or alkaline-earth metals or amalgams
- C22B34/1272—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction using alkali or alkaline-earth metals or amalgams reduction of titanium halides, e.g. Kroll process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/14—Obtaining zirconium or hafnium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/20—Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium
- C22B34/22—Obtaining vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/20—Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium
- C22B34/24—Obtaining niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
- C22B3/10—Hydrochloric acid, other halogenated acids or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1218—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes
- C22B34/1222—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes using a halogen containing agent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
本发明涉及为回收稀有金属。一种从钛炼制中的氯化残渣中回收稀有金属的方法,其中,该方法包括如下工序:将所述氯化残渣分级成粗粒和细粒的工序;和回收所述细粒的工序,所述稀有金属是从Sc、V、Nb、Zr、Y、La、Ce、Pr和Nd中选择的至少一种以上的金属。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及回收稀有金属的方法。更具体地说,是涉及从钛炼制的工序中产生的产物中回收稀有金属的方法。
背景技术
钛通过克罗尔法由钛矿石被精炼。在该克罗尔法中,钛矿石和焦炭被投入流化床反应炉中,氯气从流化床反应炉的下部被吹入。其结果是,气体状的四氯化钛生成,将其回收,由镁等还原,最后可生成海绵钛。
但是,在钛矿石之中,除钛以外,还包含有用的物质。在专利文献1中公开有一种用于从钛矿石中回收有用的金属的方法。具体来说,公开的是使钛矿石氯化,对于得到的粗制氯化炉的残渣进行HCl浸出的方法。
【现有技术文献】
【专利文献】
【专利文献1】日本特开平3-115534号公報
发明内容
在克罗尔法中,在流动氯化炉中,生成气体状态的四氯化钛。而后,在与流动氯化炉不同的地方回收该四氯化钛。这时,氯化残渣大量产生。为了将其作为工业废弃物处理而有成本开销。另一方面,在该氯化残渣中,包括工业上有用物质。因此,本发明的目的在于,提供一种从氯化残渣中回收有用的物质的方法。
本发明者进行锐意研究的结果表明,若在氯化残渣中进行分析,则可知特定的有价物质大部分不均匀地分布在规定尺寸以下。
基于上述认知,本发明一方面以如下方式特定。
(发明1)
一种从钛炼制中的氯化残渣中回收稀有金属的方法,其中,该方法包括:
将所述氯化残渣分级为粗粒和细粒的工序;和
回收所述细粒的工序,
所述稀有金属是从Sc、V、Nb、Zr、Y、La、Ce、Pr和Nd中选择的至少一种以上的金属。
(发明2)
根据发明1所述的方法,其中,该方法还包括从所述细粒中回收稀有金属的工序。
(发明3)
根据发明1或2所述的方法,其中,所述稀有金属是Sc和/或V。
(发明4)
根据发明1~3中任一项所述的方法,其中,进行分级的所述工序是湿法分级。
(发明5)
根据发明1~4中任一项所述的方法,其中,进行分级的所述工序是以55μm以下的值作为标准值而进行分级的工序。
(发明6)
根据发明1~4中任一项所述的方法,其中,进行分级的所述工序是以40μm以下的值作为标准值而进行分级的工序。
(发明7)
根据发明1~4中任一项所述的方法,其中,进行分级的所述工序是以25μm以下的值作为标准值而进行分级的工序。
(发明8)
根据发明1~7中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述方法还包括:
从所述细粒中回收Sc的工序;和
从所述Sc回收后的液中回收V的工序。
在本发明中,一方面是对氯化残渣进行预分级之后,再实施稀有金属(例:Sc、V等)的回收工序。由此,能够在提高了稀有金属的含量的状态下,实施这些金属的回收工序。通过进行分级,能够减少回收对象(例:浸出对象和溶剂萃取对象)的物质量。总之,若与以未分级物为对象的情况进行比较,则可以减少回收(例:浸出-溶剂萃取)的设备规模,在经济上有优势。
附图说明
图1表示本发明的一实施方式的Sc的回收流程。
图2表示本发明的一实施方式的V的回收流程。
图3表示在本发明的一实施方式中,氯化残渣整体的分级结果。
图4表示在本发明的一实施方式中,氯化残渣中包含的Sc的分级结果。
图5表示在本发明的一实施方式中,氯化残渣中包含的V的分级结果。
图6是关于克罗尔法的流程图(现有技术)。
具体实施方式
1.氯化残渣
1-1.钛的精炼
历来,钛一般是由钛矿石通过克罗尔法精炼的。图6中表示流程的一部分。将钛矿石和焦炭投入流化床反应炉中。然后,从流化床反应炉的下部吹入氯气。钛矿石与氯气反应,生成四氯化钛。四氯化钛在反应炉内的温度下处于气体状态。该气体状态的四氯化钛被送至下一个冷却系统中被冷却。冷却后的四氯化钛变成液体状,被回收。
1-2.氯化残渣
气体状态的四氯化钛被送至下一个冷却系统时,微粉状的杂质随着气流一起被送至冷却系统。在该杂质中,包含钛以外的物质(铁、钪、钒、铌、锆、铝、硅等,一部分是氯化物)、未反应的矿石、未反应的焦炭等。这样的杂质在冷却系统中,以固体的形状被回收。在本说明书中,将此被回收物称为氯化残渣。氯化残渣可以浆化,也可以是干燥粒子群的形态。代表性的是,能够使用浆化后的物质回收有价金属。
1-3.氯化残渣的品质
由上述工序得到的氯化残渣具有各种各样的稀有金属,例如,有可能含有Sc、V、Nb、Zr、Y、La、Ce、Pr和Nd这样有用的元素。如果能够将其回收,则能够抑制废弃成本,同时能够使用回收物使利益提高。以下的理论不限定本发明,但因为氯化残渣是在钛炼制的过程中产生的混合物,所以其构成成分的大部分来自于钛精矿。钛精矿能够通过对于开采的钛矿石实施浮选、磁选、重力选矿等,提高Ti品质而取得。因此认为,作为目标物的含Ti粒子有形成比较大的粒子的倾向,另一方面,关于Ti精矿中作为杂质的其他的稀有金属元素,认为其在精矿制造时作为微细的粒子附着Ti精矿而混入。
1-4.氯化残渣的前处理
上述的氯化残渣,在钛炼制时刚刚回收之后为高温状态,在进行回收有价金属的处理之前需要进行冷却。冷却方法未特别限定,可以用空冷或水冷等的手段进行冷却。
另外,在进行后述的分级之前,优选预先对氯化残渣进行水洗。这是由于,通过水洗能够除去FeCl2等的水溶性的杂质。另外如果水洗,则也能够同时进行上述冷却处理。
2.分级方法
水洗后,对氯化残渣进行分级,能够分成粗粒和细粒。作为分级的方法,没有特别限定,干法、湿法均可。更优选的是湿法。这是由于,如果氯化残渣被水洗,则不需要花费使之干燥的工夫。另外,作为分级的方法,也可以使用特定大小的网眼的筛子。作为湿式的分级,也可以使用水力分级机、水平流分级机、离心沉降机这些分级机械。作为干法的分级,也可以使用空气分离器、空气式的分级机。
关于分级的标准值,未特别限定,采用大量包含稀有金属(例如,Sc、V、Nb、Zr、Y、La、Ce、Pr或Nd)的尺寸的范围作为上限值即可。例如,关于标准值的上限,可以为55μm以下、40μm以下或25μm以下。关于标准值的下限,可以为10μm以上、15μm以上或20μm以上。由此,例如,能够回收氯化残渣中存在的Sc之中的至少约82%(使标准值为25μm时)、约84%(使标准值为38μm时)、或约88%(使标准值为53μm时)。另外,能够回收氯化残渣中存在的V之中的至少约80%(使标准值为25μm时)、约82%(使标准值为38μm时)、或约85%(使标准值为53μm时)。对于其他的稀有金属,也能够同样地回收规定量。另一方面,能够减少作为回收对象的物质量。此外,其他的杂质(例如,Fe、焦炭、未反应钛等)的大部分被分配在粗粒侧。
使用筛子作为分级手段时,基于上述分级的标准值,能够适宜决定网眼的尺寸。例如,以25μm作为标准值进行分级时,使用网眼为25μm的(JIS规格,500目)。而后,将通过了筛子的物品作为细粒,留在筛上之的物品作为粗粒。
3.有价金属的回收方法
3-1.Sc的回收方法
作为从氯化残渣回收Sc的方法,能够使用公知的方法。例如,能够使用X.Shaoquan等在Hydrometallurgy 42(1996)337-343中公开的方法(特别参照“5.Extraction of Scfrom Sc-contaminating waste fluid from titanium white production”这章)。或者,作为更优选的方法,也可以改变这样的方法回收Sc。更具体地说,如图1所示,可列举使用HCl的浸出方法。首先,对于分级后的氯化残渣的细粒,添加HCl和NaCl,进行浸出处理。若对于浸出后液添加TBP(磷酸三丁酯),则Fe移动到油相侧,Sc等其他的稀有金属移动到水相侧。在油相侧进行Fe反萃取,将Fe反萃取后液作为废水废弃。
另一方面,在水相侧的一方,添加D2EHPA(双(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯:Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate)和TBP的混合溶剂。由此,Sc移动到油相侧,另一方面,Sc以外的几个元素(例如,V、Nb、Y、La、Ce、Zr、Pr或Nd等)移动到水相侧(Sc萃取后液)。Sc萃取后液,能够用于回收Sc以外的元素。
另外,在Sc移动到的油相侧,根据需要,添加HCl和NaCl而进行洗涤。由此,能够减少Ti的混入。在洗涤后的水相侧进行废水处理。另一方面,在洗涤后的油相侧,添加NaOH,进行Sc反萃取。过滤Sc反萃取后的水相侧的液体并进行焙烧,最后能够以Sc2O3的形式回收。
在上述方法中,因为预先添加HCl和NaCl,所以能够增多Fe萃取时重要的Cl的量。另一方面,HCl的量能够减少。因此,有中和时的NaOH的量已经很少这样的优点。
3-2.V的回收方法
关于从氯化残渣回收V的方法,也能够使用与Sc同样公知的方法。例如,也可以使用来自三浦啓一等的Inorganic Materials,Vol.6,May213-219(1999),“重油燃烧灰的钒回收”所示的方法。或者,作为更优选的方法,也可以改变这样的方法回收V。例如,也可以利用在Sc回收工序中产生的液体回收V。更具体地说,如图2所示,可列举使用HCl的浸出方法。调整上述Sc的回收工序后的浸出液的pH。更具体地说,能够调整pH为1~3。其后,使用D2EHPA使V移动到油相侧。其后,使用硫酸,反萃取V。此外,再进行氧化和中和处理(pH2~2.5),最终能够得到V的氧化物。
还有,在图2的流程图中,从Sc回收工序后的浸出液开始,取而代之,也可以用HCl和NaCl等使氯化残渣浸出,使用以TBP使Fe移动到油相侧之后的水相侧的溶液来进行(即,也可以部分省略Sc的回收工序)。
3-3.其他的有价金属的回收方法
上述例示Sc和V而对回收方法进行了说明。但是,对于其以外的元素(例如,Nb、Zr、Y、La、Ce、Pr和Nd等),能够使用公知的方法回收。
实施例
实施例1氯化残渣的粒度分布测量
氯化残渣是在用于回收在钛炼制中挥发后的四氯化钛的炉中,作为固体被回收的物质。该氯化残渣从东邦チタニウム(株)获取。另外,该氯化残渣是水洗过的浆料状态。
对于所述氯化残渣进行分级。具体来说,按照“JIS Z 8815-1994筛分试验方法总则”的步骤,以如下方式实施。
(1)以网眼大的筛子处于上层的方式重叠。
(2)在最上层的筛子上放入试料并盖盖。
(3)以“Amplitude:1.00”使筛分装置(Retsch社制AS200)工作。
(4)用喷头散水,筛至从最下层流出的液体变得透明为止。
(5)从装置上取下筛子。
(6)回收试料,过滤,称量。
结果显示在图3中。分级的结果显示,在氯化残渣中,通过网眼25μm的筛子的粒子群占总体的约20%。另外显示,通过网眼为38μm的筛子的粒子群占总体的约22%,而且还显示,通过网眼53μm的筛子的粒子群占总体的约35%。
接着,进行分级的各粒子群的称量。各粒子群的元素分析,使用碱熔-ICP发光分光分析法(ICP-AES,セイコーインスツル株式会社制,SPS7700)。结果显示在图4和5中。图中,分布率“+150”表示留在网眼为150μm的筛上的粒子群。另外,“-25”表示通过网眼为25μm的筛子的粒子群。另外,“150/106”表示通过网眼为150μm的筛子且留在网眼为106μm的筛上的粒子群。可知Sc的82%存在于通过了25μm的筛子的粒子群中。同样关于V的80%,可知其存在于通过了25μm的筛子的粒子群中。因此可知,通过以25μm为标准值进行分级,能够一边使比例减少,一边分配这些元素的8成以上。由此,在粒子群总体中Sc和V所占的含量增加,能够使回收量提高。或者,即使按照比25μm大一些的标准值(例如,55μm以下、40μm以下)进行分级,也能够得到同样的效果。
另外,对于其他的元素,也进行同样的分析。结果显示在表中。关于Zr、Nb等,可知与Sc和V同样,不均匀地分布在细粒侧。如此可知稀有金属元素通过分级,能够既减少比例,又提高品质。
【表1】
实施例2分级后的粒子中的Sc和V的含量
对于上述氯化残渣,以实施例1同样的方法进行元素分析。其后,使用网眼为500目(JIS规格)(网眼25μm)的筛子,对氯化残渣进行分级(分级条件与实施例1相同)。然后,回收通过了筛子的细粒,进行元素分析。结果显示在下述的表中。其结果显示,分级前的氯化残渣中存在的Sc和V的大部分,被分配到分级后的细粒侧。而且,在分级后,在细粒的总体中Sc和V所占的含量增加。关于其他的元素也可见同样的倾向。另一方面,若与原矿的量相比,则细粒的量减少至接近十分之一。
【表2】
Claims (8)
1.一种方法,是从钛炼制中的氯化残渣中回收稀有金属的方法,所述方法包括:
将所述氯化残渣分级为粗粒和细粒和工序;和
回收所述细粒的工序,
所述稀有金属是从Sc、V、Nb、Zr、Y、La、Ce、Pr和Nd中选择的至少一种以上的金属。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,还含有从所述细粒中回收稀有金属的工序。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,所述稀有金属是Sc和/或V。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的方法,其中,进行分级的所述工序是湿法分级。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的方法,其中,进行分级的所述工序是以55μm以下的值作为标准值而进行分级的工序。
6.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的方法,其中,进行分级的所述工序是以40μm以下的值作为标准值而进行分级的工序。
7.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的方法,其中,进行分级的所述工序是以25μm以下的值作为标准值而进行分级的工序。
8.根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述方法还包括:
从所述细粒中回收Sc的工序;和
从所述Sc回收工序后的液体中回收V的工序。
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