CN109072323A - 用于生产金属涂覆钢板的方法 - Google Patents

用于生产金属涂覆钢板的方法 Download PDF

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CN109072323A
CN109072323A CN201780024142.3A CN201780024142A CN109072323A CN 109072323 A CN109072323 A CN 109072323A CN 201780024142 A CN201780024142 A CN 201780024142A CN 109072323 A CN109072323 A CN 109072323A
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约纳什·施陶特
于贝尔·圣-雷蒙德
米歇尔·罗格·路易斯·博尔迪尼翁
蒂埃里·乌尔曼
波利娜·布里奥
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ArcelorMittal SA
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于生产金属涂覆钢板的方法。

Description

用于生产金属涂覆钢板的方法
本发明涉及用于生产金属涂覆钢板的方法。本发明特别适于制造机动车辆。
使用涂覆钢板来制造机动车辆等是众所周知的。可以使用任何种类的钢板,例如IF(无间隙原子)钢、TRIP(相变诱导塑性)钢、HSLA(高强度低合金钢)或DP(双相)钢。这样的钢板常常涂覆有金属涂层,例如基于锌的涂层或基于铝的涂层。实际上,这些涂层由于屏障保护和/或阴极保护而允许抗腐蚀的防护。它们通常通过热浸涂来沉积。
在沉积这样的涂层之前,存在用于钢板的表面准备的步骤。实际上,在冷轧或热轧之后,卷绕钢板以形成卷材。卷材有时会在与空气接触下在存储仓库中停留几周。在这种情况下,钢的铁可以与空气(特别是与空气的氧)反应而在钢板表面上形成铁氧化物。因此,表面准备通常通过在还原气氛(即包含氢气(H2))中进行退火来进行,以便如下在钢表面上将铁氧化物还原成金属铁:
(1)FeO+H2→Fe(0)+H2O,
(2)Fe2O3+3H2→2Fe(0)+3H2O以及
(3)Fe3O4+4H2→4H2O+3Fe(0)
在表面处主要存在Fe3O4,但是还可观察到Fe2O3和FeO。
然而,特别是对于高强度钢或超高强度钢,在标准退火线中,具有对应于-40℃至+10℃的露点的H2O的分压的包含3%至20%的H2的气氛对具有更高对氧的亲和力(与铁相比)的合金元素(例如锰(Mn)、铝(Al)、硅(Si)或铬(Cr))具有氧化电势。因此,即使标准气氛对铁氧化物是还原性的,所述合金元素也可以氧化并导致在表面处形成氧化物的层。这些氧化物是例如锰氧化物(MnO)或硅氧化物(SiO2),可以以连续膜的形式存在于钢板的表面上或者以不连续的球结或小斑点的形式存在。它们妨碍待施加的金属涂层的恰当附着,并且可能造成在最终产品上没有涂层的区域或者与涂层的层离相关的问题。为了限制这些合金元素氧化物层的存在,非常少量的H2O可以使由于这种氧化物层而产生的钢表面的厚度和覆盖率降低。
一种方法是通过限制加热步骤期间的反应(1)、(2)和(3)来降低退火气氛中的H2O的分压。这通过提供比在如上所述的标准气氛中低得多的非常少的量的H2来进行。
专利申请CN103507324公开了合金化锌铝镁合金涂覆钢板。根据所述生产方法,使冷轧带钢在连续热浸镀单元中经受连续退火和热浸镀,然后对经热浸镀锌铝镁的钢板进行合金处理。在热浸镀之前,将钢板在包含N2和0.5体积%至30体积%的H2的气氛中退火。
然而,该专利申请未载明用以实施以用包含非常少量的H2的气氛获得连续退火的方法。在实例中,H2的量为最小5体积%。实际上,在实践中,在连续退火炉中获得非常少量的H2在工业规模上很难达到。
本发明的目的是提供容易实施的用于制造涂覆钢的方法,连续退火在包含非常少量的H2的气氛中进行。特别地,其旨在使得可在工业规模上获得使得可以改善钢板上的后续涂层的附着性的简单且低成本的方法。
该目的通过提供根据权利要求1的涂覆有金属涂层的钢板来实现。所述方法还可以包括权利要求2至24的特征。
本发明的其他特征和优势将由本发明的以下详细描述变得显而易见。
为了举例说明本发明,将特别参照以下附图来描述非限制性实例的各个实施方案和试验:
图1示出根据本发明的用于生产涂覆钢板的方法的一个实例。
将定义以下术语:
-气体流的所有百分比“%”由体积限定,并且
-钢组成的所有百分比“%”由重量限定。
名称“钢”或“钢板”意指具有这样的组成的钢板:其使部件实现最高至2500MPa并且更优选最高至2000Mpa的抗拉强度。例如,抗拉强度高于或等于500MPa,优选高于或等于1000MPa,有利地高于或等于1500MPa。
优选地,钢板的重量组成如下:
0.05≤C≤0.6%,
Mn≤6.0%,
Si≤3.0%,
0.02≤Cr≤2.0%,
0.01≤Al≤4.0%,
Nb≤0.2%,
Ti≤0.4%,
Mo≤1.0%,
Ni≤3.0%,
0.00001≤B≤0.1%,
余量为铁和来自炼钢的不可避免的杂质。
例如,钢板可为IF钢、TRIP钢、DP钢或HSLA钢。
钢板可以根据期望的厚度(其可为例如0.7mm至3.0mm)通过热轧和任选地冷轧来获得。
本发明涉及用于制造涂覆钢板的方法,其包括顺序的以下步骤:
A.钢板在连续退火炉中的连续退火,包括以下步骤:
1)在预热段在压力P1下进行的预热步骤,所述预热段包含气氛A1,所述气氛A1由至少一种惰性气体形成并且包含3.0体积%或更少的H2,A1的露点DP1低于-20℃,这样的段包括用以使钢板进入的至少一个开口O1,
2)在加热段在高于P1的压力P2下进行的加热步骤,所述加热段包含气氛A2,所述气氛A2由至少一种惰性气体形成并且包含0.5体积%或更少的H2,A2的露点DP2低于-40℃,包含至少惰性气体的进气被连续地注入所述加热段中,
3)在均热段在低于P2的压力P3下进行的均热步骤,所述均热段包含气氛A3,所述气氛A3由至少一种惰性气体形成并且包含3.0体积%或更少的H2,A3的露点DP3低于-40℃,这样的段包括至少一个开口O3,
4)在冷却段在高于大气压的压力P4下进行的冷却步骤,所述冷却段包含气氛A4,所述气氛A4由至少一种惰性气体形成并且包含至少1.0体积%的H2,A4的露点DP4低于-30℃,
5)任选地,在均衡段(equalizing section)在压力P5下进行的均衡步骤,所述均衡段包含气氛A5,所述气氛A5由至少一种惰性气体形成并且包含至少2.0体积%的H2,A5的露点DP5低于-30℃,这样的段包括至少一个开口O5,以及
6)在用以将钢板导向热浸涂步骤的热张紧段(hot bridle section)在压力P6下进行的转移步骤,所述热张紧段包含气氛A6,所述气氛A6由至少一种惰性气体形成并且包含至少2.0体积%的H2,A6的露点DP6低于-30℃,这样的段任选地包括至少一个开口O6,
其中使A2向预热段和均热段连续地除去,使A1和A3分别通过O1和O3定期地或连续地排出炉外,以及其中使A6、或A5和A6分别通过O6或O5定期地或连续地排出炉外;以及
B.热浸涂步骤。
因此,所述方法首先包括通常在1秒至90秒的预热时间t1期间实现的预热步骤1)。优选地,预热段包括1至5个开口O1,更优选1或2个开口O1。优选地,露点DP1低于-30℃,更优选低于-40℃并且有利地低于-50℃。
然后,在例如30秒至810秒的加热时间t2期间进行加热步骤2)。在该步骤中,认为存在于钢板上的铁氧化物通过以下反应中的一个或几个被存在于钢板中的碳还原成金属铁(Fe(0)):
(1)FeO+C→CO+Fe(0)
(2)Fe2O3+3C→3CO+2Fe(0)以及
(3)Fe3O4+4C→4CO+3Fe (0)
实际上,不希望受任何理论约束,似乎在加热段中没有或残存(即低于或等于0.5体积%)H2防止或至少显著地限制H2O的形成。因此,特别是对于具有与氧具有高亲和力的合金元素的高强度钢或超高强度钢,所述合金元素的氧化物的形成在退火期间被严格限制。这产生钢板的用于热浸涂的非常好的表面准备,即钢板表面的良好可涂覆性和可润湿性。
优选地,预热步骤1)通过将环境温度下的钢板加热至温度T1来进行,T1为200℃至350℃,以及加热步骤2)通过将钢板从T1加热至T2来进行,T2为600℃至1000℃。不希望受任何理论约束,认为反应(1)、(2)和(3)在350℃至1000℃下进行。
在加热步骤2)之后,通常在30秒至480秒的均热时间t3期间进行均热步骤。
为了获得具有包含非常少量的H2以防止形成H2O的气氛的连续退火,除不将H2和H2O注入加热区之外,本发明人发现不同地控制工业炉中的气体流动是重要的。实际上,通常,气体在预热区中在离开炉之前从均热区向加热区流动。在这样的情况下,不可能获得期望的气氛(特别是在需要非常少量的H2的加热段中)。
出乎意料地发现,由于在均热区中存在至少一个开口O3而在冷却区和均热区之间实现分区。因此,使A2向预热段和均热段连续地除去,将A1和A3分别通过O1和O3定期地或连续地排出炉外。因此,在均热区中存在H2直至3.0%是可接受的,因为H2在加热区中不增加,并且就反应(1)、(2)和/或(3)而言,在均热区中不会形成H2O,因为钢表面上的铁氧化物已经在加热段中被还原成金属铁。根据本发明,在加热区中只有残余气体流可以从均热区或预热区过来,这造成期望的加热区分区。在均热区中,存在H2直至3.0%可能是缘于来自冷却段的泄露。在预热区中,存在H2直至3.0%可能是缘于来自O1的泄露。
优选地,均热段包括1至5个开口O3,更优选1或2个开口O3。
优选地,连续炉的通过O1除去的出气流相对于进气的百分比高于或等于15%,并且连续炉的通过O3的出气流相对于进气的百分比高于或等于25%。有利地,连续炉的通过O3的出气流相对于进气的百分比高于或等于30%。优选地,进气来自加热段并且行经均热段。
在一个优选实施方案中,气氛A1和气氛A3彼此独立地包含量低于或等于1.0体积%,优选低于或等于0.5体积%的H2
有利地,选自A1、A2和A3中的至少一种气氛包含量低于或等于0.25体积%的H2
优选地,选自DP2和DP3中的至少一个露点低于-50℃。
优选地,均热步骤3)通过将钢板从温度T2加热至均热温度T3来实现,T3为600℃至1000℃。在该优选实施方案中,T2优选等于T3。在一些情况下,T2可以低于或高于T3,因此钢板的温度根据这两个温度来调节。
然后,优选将钢板从T3冷却至温度T4,所述温度T4为400℃至800℃。该温度是钢带进入浴中的温度。通常,冷却步骤在1秒至50秒的冷却时间t4期间进行。优选地,冷却步骤4)在包含至少10%的H2的气氛A4中进行。
在一个优选实施方案中,P4高于P3,使A4向均热段的开口O3连续地除去。在另一优选实施方案中,P4低于P3,使A4向热张紧段或均衡段连续地除去。因此,根据P4和P3之间的压力差,炉中的气体流动改变,使得A4向O3或者向热张紧段或均衡段除去。
然后,优选地,在均衡段进行均衡步骤5)以使钢板的边缘和中心的温度均衡以及任选地实现过时效化。
之后,在用以将钢板导向热浸涂的热张紧段进行转移步骤6)。
根据本发明,A6独自通过O6被定期地或连续地排出炉外,或者A5和A6分别通过O5被定期地或连续地排出炉外。优选地,在热张紧段中或在均衡区中,连续炉的通过O5或O6除去的出气流相对于进气的百分比高于或等于15%。优选地,均衡段或热张紧段包括1至5个开口O5或O6,更优选1或2个开口O5或O6。
优选地,选自DP4、DP5和DP6中的至少一个露点低于-40℃。
有利地,均衡步骤5)和转移步骤6)在400℃至800℃的温度T5下在通常20秒至1000秒的时间t5期间进行。
优选地,还将惰性气体连续地注入预热区、均热段或二者中。
优选地,将惰性气体和H2连续地注入选自冷却段、均衡段和热张紧段中的至少一个段中。在该优选实施方案中,进气还包括注入的惰性气体和注入的H2
惰性气体和H2可以通过本领域技术人员已知的任何装置注入炉中。
惰性气体例如选自氮气、氦气、氖气、氩气、氪气、氙气或其混合物中。
优选地,开口是由阀控制的孔、由阀控制的排气管、或带材的入口密封件。
然后,通过热浸涂来进行涂层沉积B)。优选地,步骤B)用金属熔浴来进行,所述金属熔浴包含以下选自锌、铝、硅和镁的元素中的至少一种和不可避免的杂质以及来自进给锭或来自钢板在所述熔浴中的通过的残留元素。
例如,任选的杂质选自Sr、Sb、Pb、Ti、Ca、Mn、Sn、La、Ce、Cr、Zr或Bi,各个另外的元素按重量计的含量低于0.3重量%。来自进给锭或来自钢板在熔浴中的通过的残留元素可为含量最高至5.0重量%,优选最高至3.0重量%的铁。
熔浴的组成取决于期望的涂层。例如,其可以如下(所有含量均以重量%计):
-锌涂层:最高至0.3%的Al、饱和的铁,剩余段为Zn;
-基于锌的涂层:0.1%至8.0%的Al、0.2%至8.0%的Mg、饱和的铁,剩余段为Zn;或者
-基于铝的涂层,其包含小于15%的Si、小于5.0%的Fe,任选地Mg和Zn,剩余段为Al。
然后,可以加热钢板以形成合金。例如,可以在这样的热处理之后获得镀锌扩散退火钢板。
现在将以仅供参考而进行的试验解释本发明。所述试验不是限制性的。
实施例
实施例1:连续退火
图1所示的该测试用于确定根据本发明的方法的效率。G意指存在于退火炉中的气体流。
在该实施例中,使用具有以下重量组成的钢板HSLA320:
试验件 C% Mn% Si% S% P% Cr% %Mo %Al %Nb %Ti %N %B
1 0.061 0.353 0.012 0.0064 0.150 0.015 0.001 0.033 0.031 0.001 0.004 0.0002
此外,在该实施例中,将所有压力定义为相对于大气压的相对值。这意味着为了获得实际压力,我们必须对所有相对压力加上大气压(即1013.25毫巴)。
首先,在预热段1中,在气氛A1中将试验件1在34秒期间从环境温度加热至330℃的T1,所述气氛A1由N2形成并且DP1为-41℃,将N2经由注入开口7连续地注入预热段中,这样的段包括一个为入口密封件的开口O1。P1在相对压力下为0.50毫巴(即1013.75毫巴),并且测量的H2的量为0.08体积%。
然后,在加热段2中,在气氛A2中将试验件1在314秒期间从330℃加热至824℃的T2,所述气氛A2由N2形成并且DP2为-52℃,将N2经由注入开口8连续地注入加热段中。P2在相对压力下为0.64毫巴(即1013.84毫巴),并且测量的H2的量为0.08体积%。
然后在气氛A3中在119秒期间在775℃的T3下实现均热步骤,所述气氛A3由N2形成并且DP3为-52℃,将N2经由注入开口9连续地注入均热段3中,这样的段由于打开的阀而包括一个开口O3。P3在相对压力下为0.56毫巴(即1013.81毫巴),并且测量的H2的量为0.4%。
在冷却段4中将试验件在17秒期间从775℃冷却至456℃的T4,所述冷却段4包含气氛A4,所述气氛A4由N2和11.5体积%的H2形成并且DP4为-50℃。P4在相对压力下为1.71毫巴(即1014.96毫巴)。
然后,在59秒期间在456℃的T5下进行均衡步骤,包含气氛A5,所述气氛A5由N2和H2形成,连续地注入N2和6.5体积%的H2,并且DP5为-50℃,这样的段5由于打开的阀而包括一个开口O5。P5在相对压力下为1.98毫巴(即1015.23毫巴)。
在热张紧段6中将试验件导向热浸涂,所述热张紧段6包含气氛A6,所述气氛A6由N2和H2形成,连续地注入N2和6.5体积%的H2,并且DP6为-52℃。P6在相对压力下为1.98毫巴(即1015.23毫巴)。
最后,在熔浴中通过热浸涂来涂覆试验件,所述熔浴包含0.13%的Al、饱和的铁,余量为锌。然后将经涂覆的钢板退火。因此,使A2向预热段和均热段连续地除去,将A1和A3分别通过O1和O3连续地排出炉外。连续炉的通过O1除去的出气流G1相对于进气的百分比等于28%。连续炉的通过O3的出气流G3相对于进气的百分比等于39%。
将A4通过O3和O4连续地排出炉外。
将A5和A6通过O5连续地排出炉外。连续炉的通过O5除去的出气流G5相对于进气的百分比为24%。
认为其余的注入气体(此处9%)通过一些泄露处除去。
根据本发明的方法由于在连续退火中控制气体流动而允许在包含非常少量的H2的气氛中进行的加热。
此外,在热浸涂之后通过肉眼测试可涂覆性。锌涂层的覆盖率良好,即,锌涂层均匀地分布在钢板上,并且未出现表面缺陷。最后,使来自试验件的涂覆钢样品以180°的角弯曲。然后将胶带施加在样品上,然后移除,以确定涂层是否被脱去。锌涂层未被脱去,这意味着锌涂层良好地附着于钢板。

Claims (24)

1.一种用于制造涂覆钢板的方法,包括按下述顺序的以下步骤:
A.钢板在连续退火炉中的连续退火,包括以下步骤:
1)在预热段在压力P1下进行的预热步骤,所述预热段包含气氛A1,所述气氛A1由至少一种惰性气体形成并且包含3.0体积%或更少的H2,A1的露点DP1低于-20℃,这样的段包括用以使所述钢板进入的至少一个开口O1,
2)在加热段在高于P1的压力P2下进行的加热步骤,所述加热段包含气氛A2,所述气氛A2由至少一种惰性气体形成并且包含0.5体积%或更少的H2,A2的露点DP2低于-40℃,包含所述至少惰性气体的进气被连续地注入所述加热段中,
3)在均热段在低于P2的压力P3下进行的均热步骤,所述均热段包含气氛A3,所述气氛A3由至少一种惰性气体形成并且包含3.0体积%或更少的H2,A3的露点DP3低于-40℃,这样的段包括至少一个开口O3,
4)在冷却段在高于大气压的压力P4下进行的冷却步骤,所述冷却段包含气氛A4,所述气氛A4由至少一种惰性气体形成并且包含至少1.0体积%的H2,A4的露点DP4低于-30℃,
5)任选地,在均衡段在压力P5下进行的均衡步骤,所述均衡段包含气氛A5,所述气氛A5由至少一种惰性气体形成并且包含至少2.0体积%的H2,A5的露点DP5低于-30℃,这样的段包括至少一个开口O5,以及
6)在用以将所述钢板导向热浸涂步骤的热张紧段在压力P6下进行的转移步骤,所述热张紧段包含气氛A6,所述气氛A6由至少一种惰性气体形成并且包含至少2.0体积%的H2,A6的露点DP6低于-30℃,这样的段任选地包括至少一个开口O6,
其中使A2向所述预热段和所述均热段连续地除去,使A1和A3分别通过O1和O3定期地或连续地排出所述炉外,以及其中使A6、或A5和A6分别通过O6或O5定期地或连续地排出所述炉外;以及
B.热浸涂步骤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,所述连续炉的通过O1除去的出气流相对于所述进气的百分比高于或等于15体积%,以及所述连续炉的通过O3的出气流相对于所述进气的百分比高于或等于25体积%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,所述连续炉的通过O3的出气流相对于所述进气的百分比高于或等于30体积%。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述气氛A1和所述气氛A3包含量低于或等于1.0体积%的H2
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述气氛A1和所述气氛A3包含量低于或等于0.5体积%的H2
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中选自A1、A2和A3中的至少一种气氛包含量低于或等于0.25体积%的H2
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其中所述露点DP1低于-30℃。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中DP1低于-40℃。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法,其中选自DP1、DP2和DP3中的至少一个露点低于-50℃。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其中选自DP4、DP5和DP6中的至少一个露点低于-40℃。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述预热步骤1)通过将环境温度下的所述钢板加热至温度T1来进行,T1为200℃至350℃,以及所述加热步骤2)通过将所述钢板从T1加热至T2来进行,T2为600℃至1000℃。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法,其中将所述钢板从温度T2加热至均热温度T3,T3为600℃至1000℃。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法,其中P4高于P3,使A4向所述均热段的所述开口O3连续地除去。
14.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法,其中P4低于P3,使A4向所述热张紧段或所述均衡段连续地除去。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的方法,其中所述冷却步骤4)在包含至少10体积%的H2的气氛A4中进行。
16.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的方法,其中将所述钢板从T3冷却到温度T4,所述温度T4为400℃至800℃。
17.根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的方法,其中所述均衡步骤5)和所述转移步骤6)在400℃至800℃的温度T5下进行。
18.根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的方法,其中在所述热张紧段中或者在均衡区中,所述连续炉的通过O5或O6除去的出气流相对于所述进气的百分比高于或等于15体积%。
19.根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的方法,其中还将所述惰性气体连续地注入预热区、所述均热段或二者中。
20.根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的方法,其中将所述惰性气体和H2连续地注入选自所述冷却段、所述均衡段和所述热张紧段中的至少一个段中,所述进气还包括所注入的惰性气体和所注入的H2
21.根据权利要求1至20中任一项所述的方法,其中所述惰性气体选自氮气、氦气、氖气、氩气、氪气、氙气或其混合物。
22.根据权利要求1至21中任一项所述的方法,其中所述开口是由阀控制的孔、由阀控制的排气管、或带材的入口密封件。
23.根据权利要求1至22中任一项所述的方法,步骤B)用金属熔浴来进行,所述金属熔浴包含以下选自锌、铝、硅和镁的元素中的至少一种和不可避免的杂质以及来自进给锭或来自钢板在所述熔浴中的通过的残留元素。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其中将涂覆有金属涂层的所述钢板退火。
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