CN109070977B - 船只以及汽化气体再液化方法 - Google Patents

船只以及汽化气体再液化方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109070977B
CN109070977B CN201680084199.8A CN201680084199A CN109070977B CN 109070977 B CN109070977 B CN 109070977B CN 201680084199 A CN201680084199 A CN 201680084199A CN 109070977 B CN109070977 B CN 109070977B
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heat exchanger
gas
stream
boil
fluid
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CN109070977A (zh
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李承哲
金善塡
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Hanhua Ocean Co ltd
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Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
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    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0169—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL subcooled
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
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Abstract

一种具有液化气体储罐的船只以及汽化气体再液化方法。所述船只包括：多级压缩机，压缩从储罐排放的汽化气体且包括多个压缩缸；第二热交换器，使已由多级压缩机压缩的流体进行热交换且因此对流体进行冷却；第一减压装置，使从已由第二热交换器冷却的流(称为“流a”)部分地分流出的流(称为“流a1”)膨胀；第三热交换器，通过使已由第一减压装置膨胀的“流a1”作为制冷剂来使“流a”中在排除已被分流的“流a1”之后的剩余流(称为“流a2”)进行热交换且因此对流a2进行冷却；以及第二减压装置，使已由第三热交换器冷却的“流a2”膨胀，其中第二热交换器通过使已由第二减压装置膨胀的“流a2”作为制冷剂对已由多级压缩机压缩的流体进行冷却。

Description

船只以及汽化气体再液化方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种船只，且更具体来说，涉及一种包括使用在储罐中产生的汽化气体本身作为制冷剂而使汽化气体再液化的系统的船只。
背景技术
即使当液化气体储罐是隔热的时，在完全阻挡外部热量方面也存在限制。因此，液化气体通过传递到储罐中的热量在储罐中连续蒸发。在储罐中蒸发的液化气体被称为汽化气体(boil-off gas，BOG)。
如果储罐中的压力因汽化气体的产生而超过预定安全压力，则通过安全阀从储罐排放汽化气体。从储罐排放的汽化气体用作船只的燃料，或者被再液化并返回到储罐。
发明内容
技术问题
通常，汽化气体再液化系统采用制冷循环来通过冷却使汽化气体再液化。汽化气体的冷却是通过与制冷剂进行热交换而执行，且在此项技术中使用的是部分再液化系统(partial reliquefaction system，PRS)，所述部分再液化系统使用汽化气体本身作为制冷剂。
本发明的实施例提供一种包括改善型部分再液化系统的船只，所述改善型部分再液化系统能够更高效地使汽化气体再液化。
技术解决方案
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种具有液化气体储罐的船只，所述船只包括：多级压缩机，包括多个压缩缸，以压缩从所述储罐排放的汽化气体；第二热交换器，通过使由所述多级压缩机压缩的流体经受热交换而对所述流体进行冷却；第一减压器，使从由所述第二热交换器冷却的所述流体(以下称为“流a”)分流出的两个流中的一者(以下称为“流a1”)膨胀；第三热交换器，通过使所述两个流中的另一流(以下称为“流a2”)经受与由所述第一减压器膨胀的作为制冷剂的所述“流a1”进行的热交换而对所述“流a2”进行冷却；以及第二减压器，使由所述第三热交换器冷却的所述“流a2”膨胀，其中所述第二热交换器使用由所述第二减压器膨胀的所述“流a2”作为制冷剂来对由所述多级压缩机压缩的所述流体进行冷却。
由所述多个压缩缸中的一些压缩缸压缩的所述汽化气体可在通过所述第三热交换器中的热交换被冷却之后由所述多个压缩缸中的其他压缩缸压缩。
由所述多个压缩缸中的一些压缩缸压缩且已由所述第三热交换器冷却的所述流体可在加入由所述第一减压器膨胀且已在所述第三热交换器中用作制冷剂的所述“流a1”之后由所述其他压缩缸压缩。
所述船只可进一步包括：第一热交换器，通过在由所述多级压缩机压缩的所述汽化气体被供应到所述第二热交换器之前使所述汽化气体经受热交换来对所述汽化气体进行冷却。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种在包括液化气体储罐的船只中使用的汽化气体再液化方法，所述汽化气体再液化方法包括：步骤1，压缩从所述储罐排放的汽化气体，并由第三热交换器对经压缩的所述汽化气体进行冷却；步骤2，进一步压缩在步骤1中由所述第三热交换器冷却的流体；步骤3，由第二热交换器对在步骤2中进一步被压缩的所述汽化气体进行冷却；步骤4，将在步骤3中由所述第二热交换器冷却的所述流体划分成两个流；步骤5，使在步骤4中划分出的所述两个流中的一个流膨胀，并在所述第三热交换器中使用所述一个流作为制冷剂；步骤6，由所述第三热交换器对在步骤4中划分出的所述两个流中的另一流进行冷却；以及步骤7，使在步骤6中由所述第三热交换器冷却的所述流体膨胀及再液化，其中在步骤7中再液化的所述汽化气体被供应到所述第二热交换器，以用作制冷剂来对在步骤3中进一步被压缩的所述汽化气体进行冷却。
在步骤1中由所述第三热交换器冷却的所述流体可在加入在步骤5中膨胀且已在所述第三热交换器中用作制冷剂的所述流体之后在步骤2中进一步被压缩。
在步骤2中进一步被压缩的所述汽化气体可在步骤3中在由所述第二热交换器冷却之前由第一热交换器冷却。
有利效果
根据本发明，可将用于使汽化气体再液化的制冷剂多样化，从而减少在热交换器的上游分流出以用作制冷剂的汽化气体的量。
由于分流出以用作制冷剂的汽化气体在多级压缩机中经受压缩过程，因此汽化气体的量的减少还可使由多级压缩机压缩的汽化气体的量减少，从而可在多级压缩机具有较低功率消耗的情况下实现相同水平的再液化效率。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明示例性实施例在船只中使用的部分再液化系统的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
以下，将参照附图详细地阐述本发明的实施例。根据本发明的船只可广泛地用于例如配备有通过天然气供应燃料的发动机的船只及包括液化气体储罐的船只等应用中。应理解，以下实施例可以各种方式加以修改且并不限制本发明的范围。
如下所述根据本发明用于处理汽化气体的系统可用于包括能够在低温下储存液体货物或液化气体的储罐的所有种类的船只及海上结构(即，例如液化气体运输船等的船只以及例如浮式生产储存与卸货(Floating Production Storage and Offloading，FPSO)或浮式储存再气化单元(Floating Storage Regasification Unit，FSRU)等的海上结构)中。
另外，视系统运行条件而定，根据本发明处于每一管路中的流体可呈液相、呈气/液混合相、呈气相、或呈超临界流体相。
图1是根据本发明示例性实施例应用于船只的部分再液化系统的示意性框图。
参照图1，根据此实施例的船只包括：多级压缩机20，包括多个压缩缸21、22、23；第二热交换器32；第三热交换器40；第一减压器71；以及第二减压器72。
储存在根据此实施例的船只的储罐10中的液化气体在1大气压(atm)下可具有高于-110℃的沸点。另外，储存在储罐10中的液化气体可为液化石油气(liquefiedpetroleum gas，LPG)，或者可包含例如甲烷、乙烷及重烃等多种组分。
在此实施例中，多级压缩机20压缩从储罐10排放的汽化气体。多级压缩机20可包括多个压缩缸，例如三个压缩缸21、22、23，如图1中所示。在此实施例中，从储罐10排放且已由多级压缩机20的所述多个压缩缸中的一些压缩缸压缩的汽化气体由第三热交换器40冷却，且然后被供应回到多级压缩机20以经过其他压缩缸。图1示出其中由第一压缩缸21压缩的汽化气体由第三热交换器40冷却且然后由第二压缩缸22及第三压缩缸23压缩的过程。
经过多级压缩机20的一些压缩缸21、由第三热交换器40冷却且已经过其他压缩缸22、23的流体通过第二热交换器32中的自行热交换过程被冷却且然后被供应回到第三热交换器40(流a)。在用语“自行热交换(self-heat exchange)”中，“自行”意指汽化气体本身用作用于热交换的制冷剂。
在此实施例中，由多级压缩机20压缩的流体可在被供应到第二热交换器32之前由第一热交换器31冷却。第一热交换器31可使用单独的制冷剂(例如海水)作为制冷剂来对汽化气体进行冷却。作为另一选择，如同第二热交换器32，第一热交换器31可被配置成使用汽化气体本身作为制冷剂。
已在多级压缩机20中经受多级压缩的流体从多级压缩机20排放时的压力(以下，称为“多级压缩机的排放压力”)可基于从第一热交换器31排放的流体在由第一热交换器31冷却之后的温度来确定。优选地，多级压缩机20的排放压力由与从第一热交换器31排放的流体在由第一热交换器31冷却之后的温度对应的饱和液体压力确定。也就是说，当液化气体是液化石油气时，多级压缩机20的排放压力可由已经过第一热交换器31的流体的至少一部分变为饱和液体时的压力确定。另外，已经过每一压缩级的流体从对应的压缩缸排放时的压力可由所述对应的压缩缸的性能确定。
已经过多级压缩机20及第二热交换器32的流体(流a)在第三热交换器40的上游被划分成两个流a1、a2。流a1由第一减压器71膨胀以在温度上降低并然后在第三热交换器40中用作制冷剂，且流a2在第三热交换器40中经受热交换以被冷却并然后由第二减压器72膨胀以部分地或完全地被再液化。已在第三热交换器40中用作制冷剂的流体(流a1)在加入由多级压缩机20的一些压缩缸21压缩且已被供应到第三热交换器40的流体之后被供应到多级压缩机20，以由其他压缩缸22、23压缩。
第二热交换器32使用由第三热交换器40冷却且已由第二减压器72膨胀以部分地或完全地液化的流体(流a2)作为制冷剂来对已由多级压缩机20压缩的流体(流a)进行冷却。已在第二热交换器32中用作制冷剂的流体(流a2)被供应到储罐10，且已由第二热交换器32冷却的流体(流a)被供应到第三热交换器40。
在此实施例中，视系统配置而定，第一减压器71及第二减压器72中的每一者可为膨胀阀(例如焦耳-汤姆森(Joule-Thomson)阀)，或者可为膨胀器。在此实施例中，第二热交换器32可为节热器，且第三热交换器40可为中间冷却器。
举例来说，当液化气体是液化石油气时，已由多级压缩机20压缩的流体经过第一热交换器31以被冷却。此处，流体的至少一部分可在第一热交换器31中液化且由第二热交换器32过冷。另外，已由第二热交换器32过冷的流体被划分成“流a1”及“流a2”，其中“流a1”在由第一减压器71膨胀之后在第三热交换器40中用作制冷剂，且“流a2”由第三热交换器40使用“流a1”作为制冷剂而次级地进行过冷。已由第三热交换器40过冷的“流a2”由第二减压器72膨胀且然后以液相返回到储罐10。
在此实施例中，虽然由多级压缩机20压缩的汽化气体被阐述为经受通过第三热交换器40进行的单个中间冷却过程，然而应理解，本发明并非仅限于此，且由多级压缩机20压缩的汽化气体可经受多级中间冷却过程。举例来说，当多级压缩机20包括三个压缩缸21、22、23时，已由第一压缩缸21压缩的汽化气体可在由第三热交换器40冷却之后由第二压缩缸22压缩，且然后在由第三压缩缸23压缩之前经受附加中间冷却过程。此外，在所述附加中间冷却过程中，在对应的热交换器的上游分流出的汽化气体流可在膨胀之后用作制冷剂，如同在通过第三热交换器40进行的中间冷却过程中一样。
根据本发明，由于已通过多级压缩机20中的压缩、第三热交换器40中的冷却及第二减压器72中的膨胀而部分地或完全地液化的流体在第二热交换器32中用作制冷剂以进一步对已由多级压缩机20压缩的流体进行冷却，因此被供应到第三热交换器40的流体(流a)的温度可进一步降低。因此，可在使较低量的汽化气体分流出以用作制冷剂(流a1)的情况下实现相同水平的再液化效率。另外，由于已在第三热交换器40中用作制冷剂的流体(流a1)由多级压缩机20压缩，因此可通过减少在第三热交换器40中用作制冷剂的流体(流a1)的量来降低多级压缩机20的能量消耗。换句话说，利用第二热交换器32，根据本发明的部分再液化系统可减少在第三热交换器40中用作制冷剂的流体(流a1)的量，从而在实现几乎相同水平的再液化效率的同时降低多级压缩机20的能量消耗。
虽然已阐述了一些实施例，然而对于所属领域中的技术人员来说将显而易见，这些实施例是仅以说明方式给出，且在不背离本发明的精神及范围的条件下，可作出各种修改、改变、变更及等效实施例。

Claims (7)

1.一种船只，具有液化气体储罐，其特征在于，所述船只包括：
多级压缩机，包括多个压缩缸，以压缩从所述储罐排放的汽化气体；
第二热交换器，通过使由所述多级压缩机压缩的流体经受热交换而对所述流体进行冷却；
第一减压器，使从流a分流出的两个流中的一者的流a1膨胀，其中所述流a为由所述第二热交换器冷却的流体；
第三热交换器，通过使流a2经受与由所述第一减压器膨胀以用作制冷剂的所述流a1进行的热交换而对所述流a2进行冷却，其中所述流a2为所述两个流中的另一流；以及
第二减压器，使由所述第三热交换器冷却的所述流a2膨胀，
其中所述第二热交换器使用由所述第二减压器膨胀的所述流a2作为制冷剂来对由位于所述多级压缩机下游的所述第二减压器压缩的流体进行冷却，
其中由所述第二减压器膨胀的所述流a2为液相，且在所述第二热交换器作为制冷剂的所述流a2返回到所述液化气体储罐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的船只，其特征在于，由所述多个压缩缸中的一些压缩缸压缩的所述汽化气体在通过所述第三热交换器中的热交换被冷却之后由所述多个压缩缸中的其他压缩缸压缩。
3.根据权利要求2所述的船只，其特征在于，由所述多个压缩缸中的一些压缩缸压缩且已由所述第三热交换器冷却的流体在加入由所述第一减压器膨胀且已在所述第三热交换器中用作制冷剂的所述流a1之后由所述其他压缩缸压缩。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的船只，其特征在于，进一步包括：
第一热交换器，通过在由所述多级压缩机压缩的所述汽化气体被供应到所述第二热交换器之前使所述汽化气体经受热交换来对所述汽化气体进行冷却。
5.一种汽化气体再液化方法，用于具有液化气体储罐的船只中，其特征在于，所述汽化气体再液化方法包括：
通过多级压缩机压缩从所述储罐排放的汽化气体，并由第三热交换器对经压缩的所述汽化气体进行冷却；
通过所述多级压缩机进一步压缩由所述第三热交换器冷却的流体；
由第二热交换器对进一步被压缩的所述汽化气体进行冷却；
将由所述第二热交换器冷却的流体划分成两个流；
通过第一减压器使划分出的所述两个流中的一个流膨胀，并在所述第三热交换器中使用所述一个流作为制冷剂；
由所述第三热交换器对划分出的所述两个流中的另一流进行冷却；以及
通过第二减压器使由所述第三热交换器冷却的流体膨胀及再液化，
其中通过所述多级压缩机再液化的所述汽化气体被供应到所述第二热交换器，以在所述第二热交换器用作制冷剂来对进一步被压缩的所述汽化气体进行冷却，并返回到所述液化气体储罐。
6.根据权利要求5所述的汽化气体再液化方法，其特征在于，由所述第三热交换器冷却的所述流体是在加入膨胀且已在所述第三热交换器中用作制冷剂的流体之后通过所述多级压缩机进一步被压缩。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的汽化气体再液化方法，其特征在于，进一步被压缩的所述汽化气体在由所述第二热交换器冷却之前由第一热交换器冷却。
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