WO2017171171A1 - 선박 - Google Patents

선박 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017171171A1
WO2017171171A1 PCT/KR2016/011886 KR2016011886W WO2017171171A1 WO 2017171171 A1 WO2017171171 A1 WO 2017171171A1 KR 2016011886 W KR2016011886 W KR 2016011886W WO 2017171171 A1 WO2017171171 A1 WO 2017171171A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
flow
cooled
fluid
compressed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2016/011886
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
이승철
장나형
김선진
김원석
장윤아
Original Assignee
대우조선해양 주식회사
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 대우조선해양 주식회사 filed Critical 대우조선해양 주식회사
Priority to EP16897192.7A priority Critical patent/EP3437981B1/en
Priority to US16/090,120 priority patent/US12005999B2/en
Priority to JP2018546879A priority patent/JP6909229B2/ja
Priority to SG11201808234RA priority patent/SG11201808234RA/en
Priority to CN201680084199.8A priority patent/CN109070977B/zh
Priority to RU2018137657A priority patent/RU2719607C1/ru
Priority to DK16897192.7T priority patent/DK3437981T3/da
Publication of WO2017171171A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017171171A1/ko

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0169—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL subcooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0185—Arrangement comprising several pumps or compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0348—Water cooling
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
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    • F17C2227/0351—Water cooling using seawater
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/036—"Joule-Thompson" effect
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
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    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
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    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
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    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/035—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with subcooling the liquid phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/038—Treating the boil-off by recovery with expanding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/011—Barges
    • F17C2270/0113—Barges floating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ship, and more particularly, to a ship including a system for re-liquefying the evaporated gas generated in the storage tank using the evaporated gas itself as a refrigerant.
  • boil-off gas BOG
  • the boil-off gas When the pressure of the storage tank exceeds the set safety pressure due to the generation of the boil-off gas, the boil-off gas is discharged to the outside of the storage tank through the safety valve.
  • the boil-off gas discharged out of the storage tank is used as fuel for the ship or liquefied and returned to the storage tank.
  • the boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus has a refrigeration cycle, and the boil-off gas is re-liquefied by cooling the boil-off gas by this freezing cycle.
  • heat exchange with the cooling fluid is carried out, and a partial re-liquefaction system (PRS) which uses boil-off gas itself as a cooling fluid and heat-exchanges itself is used.
  • PRS partial re-liquefaction system
  • the present invention seeks to provide a vessel comprising a system capable of re-liquefying boil-off gas by improving the conventional partial reliquefaction system.
  • the 'a1 flow' expanded by the first depressurization device is a refrigerant, and the remaining fluid (hereinafter referred to as 'a2 flow') except for the branched 'a1 flow' among the 'a flows' is cooled by heat exchange.
  • a third heat exchanger And a second decompression device for expanding the 'a2 flow' cooled by the third heat exchanger, wherein the second heat exchanger uses the 'a2 flow' expanded by the second decompression device as a refrigerant.
  • a vessel is provided for cooling a fluid compressed by the multistage compressor.
  • the boil-off gas compressed by some of the compression cylinders of the plurality of compression cylinders may be compressed by the remaining compression cylinders after being cooled by heat exchange in the third heat exchanger.
  • the fluid cooled in the third heat exchanger after being compressed by some compression cylinders of the plurality of compression cylinders is expanded by the first decompression device and used as a refrigerant in the third heat exchanger. Can be compressed by the remaining compression cylinder.
  • the vessel may further include a first heat exchanger for cooling the evaporated gas compressed by the multi-stage compressor to heat-exchange before sending it to the second heat exchanger.
  • step 1) the fluid cooled by the third heat exchanger is expanded in the step 5) and then joined with the fluid used as the refrigerant in the third heat exchanger to undergo the additional compression process of step 2). have.
  • the boil-off gas further compressed in step 2) may be cooled by the first heat exchanger and then cooled by the second heat exchanger in step 3).
  • the present invention it is possible to diversify the refrigerant for reliquefaction of the boil-off gas, thereby reducing the flow rate of the refrigerant branching in front of the heat exchanger.
  • the evaporated gas branched to be used as the refrigerant undergoes a compression process by a multistage compressor, thereby reducing the flow rate of the boiled gas compressed by the multistage compressor, and
  • the flow rate of the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor is reduced, there is an advantage that the power consumed in the multi-stage compressor can be reduced while re-liquefying the boil-off gas with almost the same efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a partial reliquefaction system applied to a ship according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the vessel of the present invention can be applied to various applications, such as a vessel equipped with an engine using natural gas as a fuel, and a vessel including a liquefied gas storage tank.
  • a vessel equipped with an engine using natural gas as a fuel and a vessel including a liquefied gas storage tank.
  • the following examples may be modified in many different forms, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
  • the systems for the treatment of boil-off gas described below of the present invention include all kinds of vessels and offshore structures equipped with storage tanks capable of storing low temperature liquid cargo or liquefied gas, ie vessels such as liquefied gas carriers, marine vessels such as FPSO and FSRU. It can be applied to the structure.
  • the fluid in each line of the present invention may be in any one of a liquid state, a gas-liquid mixed state, a gas state, and a supercritical fluid state, depending on the operating conditions of the system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a partial reliquefaction system applied to a ship according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the ship of the present embodiment includes a multistage compressor 20, a second heat exchanger 32, a third heat exchanger 40, and a first compressor including a plurality of compression cylinders 21, 22, and 23. And a second pressure reducing device 72.
  • the liquefied gas stored in the storage tank 10 mounted on the ship of this embodiment may have a boiling point exceeding -110 ° C at 1 atm.
  • the liquefied gas stored in the storage tank 10 may be liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), or may include a plurality of components such as methane, ethane, bicarbonate.
  • the multistage compressor 20 of this embodiment compresses the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank 10.
  • the multi-stage compressor 20 includes a plurality of compression cylinders, and for example, may include three compression cylinders 21, 22, and 23 as shown in FIG. 1. After the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank 10 of the present embodiment and passed through some compression cylinders among the plurality of compression cylinders included in the multi-stage compressor 20 is cooled by the third heat exchanger 40, It is sent back to the multi-stage compressor 20 and passes through the remaining compression cylinder. 1 illustrates a process in which the boil-off gas compressed by the first compression cylinder 21 is cooled by the third heat exchanger 40 and then compressed by the second compression cylinder 22 and the third compression cylinder 23. Is shown.
  • the fluid that has passed through the remaining compression cylinders 22 and 23 of the multistage compressor 20 is transferred to the second heat exchanger. After cooling by heat exchange at 32, it is sent back to the third heat exchanger 40 (a flow).
  • Self-self of self-heat exchange means using the boil-off gas itself as a refrigerant.
  • the fluid compressed by the multistage compressor 20 of the present embodiment may be cooled by the first heat exchanger 31 before being sent to the second heat exchanger 32.
  • the first heat exchanger 31 may use a separate refrigerant such as seawater as a refrigerant for cooling the boil-off gas, and the boil-off gas itself may be used as the refrigerant in the first heat exchanger 31 like the second heat exchanger 32.
  • the system may be configured to allow.
  • the discharge pressure of the fluid compressed in multiple stages in the multi-stage compressor 20 may be determined according to the temperature of the fluid discharged after being cooled in the first heat exchanger 31.
  • the pressure in the first heat exchanger 31 is cooled.
  • a saturated pressure corresponding to the discharged fluid temperature may be determined. That is, when the liquefied gas is LPG, it may be determined as a pressure such that at least a portion of the fluid passing through the first heat exchanger 31 becomes a saturated liquid.
  • the discharge pressure discharged in each stage of the multi-stage compressor 20 may be determined by the performance of each compression cylinder.
  • the fluid a flowing through the multi-stage compressor 20 and the second heat exchanger 32 branches into two flows a1 and a2 at the front end of the third heat exchanger 40.
  • One of the flows a1 branched from the front end of the third heat exchanger 40 is used as the refrigerant in the third heat exchanger 40 after being expanded by the first pressure reducing device 71 and the temperature is lowered.
  • the other flow a2 of the flow branched in front of the gas 40 is heat-exchanged in the third heat exchanger 40, cooled, and then expanded by the second pressure reducing device 72 to re-liquefy some or all of the flow.
  • the fluid (a1 flow) used as the refrigerant in the third heat exchanger 40 is compressed by some compression cylinders 21 included in the multi-stage compressor 20 and then merged with the fluid sent to the third heat exchanger 40. After that, it is sent to the multistage compressor 20 and compressed by the remaining compression cylinders 22 and 23.
  • the second heat exchanger 32 is cooled by the third heat exchanger 40, and then expanded by the second pressure reducing device 72 to use a refrigerant (a2 flow) in which part or all of the liquid is reliquefied.
  • the fluid (a flow) compressed by the compressor 20 is cooled.
  • the fluid (a2 flow) used as the refrigerant in the second heat exchanger 32 is sent to the storage tank 10, and the fluid (a flow) cooled by the second heat exchanger 32 is transferred to the third heat exchanger 40. Is sent).
  • the first pressure reducing device 71 and the second pressure reducing device 72 of the present embodiment may be expansion valves such as Joule-Thomson valves, or the expander may be used depending on the configuration of the system.
  • the second heat exchanger 32 of the present embodiment may be an economizer
  • the third heat exchanger 40 may be an intercooler.
  • the fluid compressed in the multistage compressor 20 is cooled while passing through the first heat exchanger 31, and at least a part of the fluid may be liquefied in the first heat exchanger 31.
  • the liquid liquefied in the first heat exchanger 31 is supercooled in the second heat exchanger 32.
  • a portion of the fluid supercooled in the second heat exchanger 32 branches to the 'a1 flow', expands in the first pressure reducing device 71, and is used as a refrigerant in the third heat exchanger 40, and the second heat exchanger is used.
  • the remaining fluid subcooled in the air 32 that is, the 'a2 flow' is secondly supercooled in the third heat exchanger 40 using the expanded 'a1 flow' as the refrigerant.
  • the 'a2 flow' supercooled while passing through the third heat exchanger 40 is expanded in the second pressure reducing device 72 and then recovered to the storage tank 10 in a liquid state.
  • the boil-off gas compressed by the multi-stage compressor 20 undergoes one intermediate cooling by the third heat exchanger 40 has been described.
  • the evaporated gas is compressed by the multi-stage compressor 20 of the present embodiment.
  • the gas may be subjected to a multistage intermediate cooling process.
  • the multi-stage compressor 20 includes three compression cylinders 21, 22, and 23 as an example
  • the boil-off gas compressed by the first compression cylinder 21 is discharged by the third heat exchanger 40.
  • the additional intermediate cooling process may be a method of expanding the partial flow branched in front of the heat exchanger and using the refrigerant as the intermediate cooling by the third heat exchanger 40.
  • the present invention provides a fluid in which part or all of the fluid is reliquefied through compression by the multistage compressor 20, cooling by the third heat exchanger 40, and expansion by the second pressure reducing device 72.
  • the fluid compressed by the multistage compressor 20 is further cooled, so that the temperature of the fluid (a flow) sent to the third heat exchanger 40 can be further lowered.
  • the same reliquefaction efficiency can be achieved even further by reducing the amount of evaporated gas (a1 flow) branched and used as the refrigerant, 3 Since the fluid (a1 flow) used as the refrigerant in the heat exchanger 40 is compressed in the multistage compressor 20, reducing the amount of the fluid (a1 flow) used as the refrigerant in the third heat exchanger 40, the multistage compressor The energy consumed at 20 can be reduced. That is, according to the present invention, by including the second heat exchanger 32, the amount of fluid (a1 flow) used as the refrigerant in the third heat exchanger 40 is reduced, and energy consumed by the multistage compressor 20 is reduced. Almost the same reliquefaction efficiency can be achieved while saving.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

액화가스 저장탱크가 탑재된 선박이 개시된다. 상기 선박은, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스를 압축시키며, 다수개의 압축실린더를 포함하는 다단압축기; 상기 다단압축기에 의해 압축된 유체를 열교환시켜 냉각시키는 제2 열교환기; 상기 제2 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 유체(이하, 'a 흐름'이라고 함.)가 일부 분기된 흐름(이하, 'a1 흐름'이라고 함.)을 팽창시키는 제1 감압장치; 상기 제1 감압장치에 의해 팽창된 상기 'a1 흐름'을 냉매로, 상기 'a 흐름' 중 분기된 'a1 흐름'을 제외한 나머지 유체(이하, 'a2 흐름'이라고 함.)를 열교환시켜 냉각시키는 제3 열교환기; 및 상기 제3 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 상기 'a2 흐름'을 팽창시키는 제2 감압장치;를 포함하고, 상기 제2 열교환기는, 상기 제2 감압장치에 의해 팽창된 상기 'a2 흐름'을 냉매로 하여, 상기 다단압축기에 의해 압축된 유체를 냉각시킨다.

Description

선박
본 발명은 선박에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는, 저장탱크 내부에서 발생된 증발가스를, 증발가스 자체를 냉매로 사용하여 재액화시키는 시스템을 포함하는 선박에 관한 것이다.
저장탱크를 단열하여도 외부의 열을 완벽하게 차단시키는데에는 한계가 있고, 내부로 전달되는 열에 의해 액화가스는 저장탱크 내에서 지속적으로 기화하게 된다. 저장탱크 내부에서 기화된 액화가스를 증발가스(BOG; Boil-Off Gas)라고 한다.
증발가스의 발생으로 인하여 저장탱크의 압력이 설정된 안전압력 이상이 되면, 증발가스는 안전밸브를 통하여 저장탱크의 외부로 배출된다. 저장탱크 외부로 배출된 증발가스는 선박의 연료로 사용되거나 재액화되어 다시 저장탱크로 돌려보내진다.
통상 증발가스 재액화 장치는 냉동 사이클을 가지며, 이 냉동 사이클에 의해 증발가스를 냉각시킴으로써 증발가스를 재액화시킨다. 증발가스를 냉각시키기 위하여 냉각 유체와 열교환을 시키는데, 증발가스 자체를 냉각 유체로 사용하여 자가 열교환 시키는 부분 재액화 시스템(PRS; Partial Re-liquefaction System)이 사용되고 있다.
본 발명은 종래의 부분 재액화 시스템을 개량하여, 보다 효율적으로 증발가스를 재액화시킬 수 있는 시스템을 포함하는 선박을 제공하고자 한다.
상기 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 일 측면에 따르면, 액화가스 저장탱크가 탑재된 선박에 있어서, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스를 압축시키며, 다수개의 압축실린더를 포함하는 다단압축기; 상기 다단압축기에 의해 압축된 유체를 열교환시켜 냉각시키는 제2 열교환기; 상기 제2 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 유체(이하, 'a 흐름'이라고 함.)가 일부 분기된 흐름(이하, 'a1 흐름'이라고 함.)을 팽창시키는 제1 감압장치; 상기 제1 감압장치에 의해 팽창된 상기 'a1 흐름'을 냉매로, 상기 'a 흐름' 중 분기된 'a1 흐름'을 제외한 나머지 유체(이하, 'a2 흐름'이라고 함.)를 열교환시켜 냉각시키는 제3 열교환기; 및 상기 제3 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 상기 'a2 흐름'을 팽창시키는 제2 감압장치;를 포함하고, 상기 제2 열교환기는, 상기 제2 감압장치에 의해 팽창된 상기 'a2 흐름'을 냉매로 하여, 상기 다단압축기에 의해 압축된 유체를 냉각시키는, 선박이 제공된다.
상기 다수개의 압축실린더 중 일부 압축실린더에 의해 압축된 증발가스는, 상기 제3 열교환기에서 열교환되어 냉각된 후 나머지 압축실린더에 의해 압축될 수 있다.
상기 다수개의 압축실린더 중 일부 압축실린더에 의해 압축된 후 상기 제3 열교환기에서 냉각된 유체는, 상기 제1 감압장치에 의해 팽창된 후 상기 제3 열교환기에서 냉매로 사용된 상기 'a1 흐름'과 합류되어, 나머지 압축실린더에 의해 압축될 수 있다.
상기 선박은, 상기 다단압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스를, 상기 제2 열교환기로 보내기 전에 열교환시켜 냉각시키는 제1 열교환기를 더 포함할 수 있다.
상기 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 다른 측면에 따르면, 액화가스 저장탱크가 탑재된 선박에 적용되는 증발가스 재액화 방법에 있어서, 1) 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스를 압축시킨 후 제3 열교환기에서 냉각시키고, 2) 상기 1)단계에서 상기 제3 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 유체를 추가 압축시키고, 3) 상기 2)단계에서 추가 압축된 증발가스를 제2 열교환기에서 냉각시키고, 4) 상기 3)단계에서 상기 제2 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 유체를 두 흐름으로 분기시키고, 5) 상기 4)단계에서 분기된 흐름 중 한 흐름을 팽창시킨 후 상기 제3 열교환기에서 냉매로 사용하고, 6) 상기 4)단계에서 분기된 흐름 중 나머지 흐름을 상기 제3 열교환기에서 냉각시키고, 7) 상기 6)단계에서 상기 제3 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 유체를 팽창시켜 재액화시키고, 상기 7)단계에서 재액화된 증발가스는 상기 제2 열교환기로 공급되어 상기 3)단계에서 상기 추가 압축된 증발가스를 냉각시키는 냉매로 사용되는, 방법이 제공된다.
상기 1)단계에서 상기 제3 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 유체는, 상기 5)단계에서 팽창된 후 상기 제3 열교환기에서 냉매로 사용된 유체와 합류되어, 상기 2)단계의 추가 압축 과정을 거칠 수 있다.
상기 2)단계에서 추가 압축된 증발가스는, 제1 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 후, 상기 3)단계에서 상기 제2 열교환기에 의해 냉각될 수 있다.
본 발명에 의하면, 증발가스를 재액화시키는 냉매를 다양화하여, 열교환기 전단에서 분기되는 냉매 유량을 감소시킬 수 있다.
열교환기 전단에서 분기시키는 냉매의 유량을 감소시키면, 냉매로 사용되기 위해 분기되는 증발가스는 다단압축기에 의한 압축 과정을 거치게 되므로, 다단압축기에 의해 압축되는 증발가스의 유량을 감소시킬 수 있고, 다단압축기에 의해 압축되는 증발가스의 유량이 감소되면, 거의 동일한 효율로 증발가스를 재액화시키면서도 다단압축기에서 소모되는 전력을 줄일 수 있다는 장점이 있다.
도 1은 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 따른 선박에 적용되는 부분 재액화 시스템의 개략적인 구성도이다.
이하 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 대한 구성 및 작용을 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다. 본 발명의 선박은, 천연가스를 연료로 사용하는 엔진을 탑재한 선박 및 액화가스 저장탱크를 포함하는 선박 등에 다양하게 응용되어 적용될 수 있다. 또한, 하기 실시예는 여러 가지 다른 형태로 변형될 수 있으며, 본 발명의 범위가 하기 실시예에 한정되는 것은 아니다.
본 발명의 후술할 증발가스 처리를 위한 시스템들은 저온 액체화물 또는 액화가스를 저장할 수 있는 저장탱크가 설치된 모든 종류의 선박과 해상 구조물, 즉 액화가스 운반선과 같은 선박을 비롯하여, FPSO, FSRU와 같은 해상 구조물에 적용될 수 있다.
또한, 본 발명의 각 라인에서의 유체는, 시스템의 운용 조건에 따라, 액체 상태, 기액 혼합 상태, 기체 상태, 초임계유체 상태 중 어느 하나의 상태일 수 있다.
도 1은 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 따른 선박에 적용되는 부분 재액화 시스템의 개략적인 구성도이다.
도 1을 참조하면, 본 실시예의 선박은, 다수개의 압축실린더(21, 22, 23)를 포함하는 다단압축기(20), 제2 열교환기(32), 제3 열교환기(40), 제1 감압장치(71), 및 제2 감압장치(72)를 포함한다.
본 실시예의 선박에 탑재된 저장탱크(10)에 저장된 액화가스는, 1기압에서 -110℃를 초과하는 비등점을 가질 수 있다. 또한, 저장탱크(10)에 저장된 액화가스는, 액화석유가스(LPG)일 수 있고, 또는, 메탄, 에탄, 중탄화수소 등 복수의 성분을 포함할 수도 있다.
본 실시예의 다단압축기(20)는 저장탱크(10)로부터 배출된 증발가스를 압축시킨다. 다단압축기(20)는 다수개의 압축실린더를 포함하는데, 일례로 도 1에 도시된 바와 같이 세 개의 압축실린더(21, 22, 23)를 포함할 수 있다. 본 실시예의 저장탱크(10)로부터 배출되어, 다단압축기(20)에 포함된 다수개의 압축실린더 중 일부 압축실린더를 통과하며 압축된 증발가스는, 제3 열교환기(40)에 의해 냉각된 후, 다시 다단압축기(20)로 보내져 나머지 압축실린더를 통과한다. 도 1에는 제1 압축실린더(21)에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 제3 열교환기(40)에 의해 냉각된 후 제2 압축실린더(22) 및 제3 압축실린더(23)에 의해 압축되는 과정이 도시되어 있다.
다단압축기(20)의 일부 압축실린더(21)를 통과하고 제3 열교환기(40)에 의해 냉각된 후 다단압축기(20)의 나머지 압축실린더(22, 23)를 통과한 유체는 제2 열교환기(32)에서 자가열교환되어 냉각된 후, 다시 제3 열교환기(40)로 보내진다(a 흐름). 자가열교환의 자가(self-)는, 증발가스 자체를 냉매로 사용하는 것을 의미한다.
본 실시예의 다단압축기(20)에 의해 압축된 유체는 제2 열교환기(32)로 보내지기 전, 제1 열교환기(31)에 의해 냉각될 수 있다. 제1 열교환기(31)는 증발가스를 냉각시키는 냉매로 해수와 같은 별도의 냉매를 사용할 수도 있고, 제1 열교환기(31)에서도 제2 열교환기(32)와 마찬가지로 증발가스 자체를 냉매로 사용할 수 있도록 시스템이 구성될 수도 있다.
다단압축기(20)에서 다단계로 압축되는 유체의 토출 압력은, 제1 열교환기(31)에서 냉각되어 배출되는 유체의 온도에 따라 결정될 수 있는데, 바람직하게는, 제1 열교환기(31)에서 냉각되어 배출되는 유체 온도에 대응하는 포화압력(Saturated Liquid Pressure)으로 결정될 수 있다. 즉, 액화가스가 LPG인 경우, 제1 열교환기(31)를 통과한 유체의 적어도 일부가 포화액체가 되도록 하는 압력으로 결정될 수 있다. 또한, 다단압축기(20)의 각 단계에서 토출되는 토출 압력은 각각의 압축실린더 성능에 의해 결정될 수 있다.
다단압축기(20) 및 제2 열교환기(32)를 통과한 유체(a 흐름)는, 제3 열교환기(40) 전단에서 두 흐름(a1, a2)으로 분기한다. 제3 열교환기(40) 전단에서 분기된 흐름 중 한 흐름(a1)은, 제1 감압장치(71)에 의해 팽창되어 온도가 낮아진 후 제3 열교환기(40)에서 냉매로 사용되고, 제3 열교환기(40) 전단에서 분기된 흐름 중 다른 흐름(a2)은, 제3 열교환기(40)에서 열교환되어 냉각된 후 제2 감압장치(72)에 의해 팽창되어 일부 또는 전부가 재액화된다. 제3 열교환기(40)에서 냉매로 사용된 유체(a1 흐름)는, 다단압축기(20)에 포함된 일부 압축실린더(21)에 의해 압축된 후 제3 열교환기(40)로 보내진 유체와 합류된 후, 다단압축기(20)로 보내져 나머지 압축실린더(22, 23)에 의해 압축된다.
제2 열교환기(32)는, 제3 열교환기(40)에 의해 냉각된 후 제2 감압장치(72)에 의해 팽창되어 일부 또는 전부가 재액화된 유체(a2 흐름)를 냉매로 하여, 다단압축기(20)에 의해 압축된 유체(a 흐름)를 냉각시킨다. 제2 열교환기(32)에서 냉매로 사용된 유체(a2 흐름)는 저장탱크(10)로 보내지고, 제2 열교환기(32)에 의해 냉각된 유체(a 흐름)는 제3 열교환기(40)로 보내진다.
본 실시예의 제1 감압장치(71) 및 제2 감압장치(72)는 줄-톰슨 밸브 등의 팽창밸브일 수도 있고, 시스템의 구성에 따라 팽창기가 사용될 수도 있다. 또한, 본 실시예의 제2 열교환기(32)는 이코노마이저(Economizer)일 수 있고, 제3 열교환기(40)는 인터쿨러(Intercooler)일 수 있다.
예를 들어, 액화가스가 LPG인 경우, 다단압축기(20)에서 압축된 유체는 제1 열교환기(31)를 통과하면서 냉각되는데, 제1 열교환기(31)에서 유체의 적어도 일부가 액화될 수 있으며, 제1 열교환기(31)에서 액화된 액체는 제2 열교환기(32)에서 과냉각된다. 또한, 제2 열교환기(32)에서 과냉각시킨 유체의 일부를 'a1 흐름'으로 분기시켜 제1 감압장치(71)에서 팽창시킨 후 제3 열교환기(40)에서 냉매로 사용하며, 제2 열교환기(32)에서 과냉각시킨 나머지 유체 즉, 'a2 흐름'은 팽창시킨 'a1 흐름'을 냉매로 하여 제3 열교환기(40)에서 2차 과냉각시킨다. 제3 열교환기(40)를 통과하면서 과냉각시킨 'a2 흐름'은 제2 감압장치(72)에서 팽창시킨 후 액체상태로 저장탱크(10)로 회수된다.
본 실시예에서는 다단압축기(20)에 의해 압축되는 증발가스가, 제3 열교환기(40)에 의해 한 번의 중간 냉각을 거치는 경우를 설명하였으나, 본 실시예의 다단압축기(20)에 의해 압축되는 증발가스는 다단계의 중간 냉각 과정을 거칠 수도 있다. 다단압축기(20)가 세 개의 압축실린더(21, 22, 23)를 포함하는 경우를 예로 들어 설명하면, 제1 압축실린더(21)에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 제3 열교환기(40)에 의해 냉각되고 제2 압축실린더(22)에 의해 압축된 후, 추가적인 중간 냉각 과정을 거친 후 제3 압축실린더(23)에 의해 압축될 수 있다. 또한, 추가적인 중간 냉각 과정은, 제3 열교환기(40)에 의한 중간 냉각과 마찬가지로, 열교환기 전단에서 분기된 일부 흐름을 팽창시킨 후 냉매로 사용하는 방식일 수 있다.
본 발명은, 다단압축기(20)에 의한 압축, 제3 열교환기(40)에 의한 냉각, 및 제2 감압장치(72)에 의한 팽창과정을 거쳐 일부 또는 전부가 재액화된 유체를, 제2 열교환기(32)에서 냉매로 사용하여, 다단압축기(20)에 의해 압축된 유체를 추가로 냉각시키므로, 제3 열교환기(40)로 보내지는 유체(a 흐름)의 온도를 더 낮출 수 있다. 제3 열교환기(40)로 보내지는 유체(a 흐름)의 온도가 낮아지면, 분기되어 냉매로 사용되는 증발가스(a1 흐름)의 양을 더 줄이고도 동일한 재액화 효율을 달성할 수 있고, 제3 열교환기(40)에서 냉매로 사용된 유체(a1 흐름)는 다단압축기(20)에서 압축되므로, 제3 열교환기(40)에서 냉매로 사용되는 유체(a1 흐름)의 양을 줄이면, 다단압축기(20)에서 소모되는 에너지를 줄일 수 있다. 즉, 본 발명에 의하면, 제2 열교환기(32)를 포함함으로써, 제3 열교환기(40)에서 냉매로 사용되는 유체(a1 흐름)의 양을 줄여, 다단압축기(20)에서 소모되는 에너지를 절감하면서도 거의 동일한 재액화 효율을 달성할 수 있다.
본 발명은 상기 실시예에 한정되지 않고, 본 발명의 기술적 요지를 벗어나지 아니하는 범위 내에서 다양하게 수정 또는 변형되어 실시될 수 있음은 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에 있어서 자명한 것이다.

Claims (7)

  1. 액화가스 저장탱크가 탑재된 선박에 있어서,
    상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스를 압축시키며, 다수개의 압축실린더를 포함하는 다단압축기;
    상기 다단압축기에 의해 압축된 유체를 열교환시켜 냉각시키는 제2 열교환기;
    상기 제2 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 유체(이하, 'a 흐름'이라고 함.)가 일부 분기된 흐름(이하, 'a1 흐름'이라고 함.)을 팽창시키는 제1 감압장치;
    상기 제1 감압장치에 의해 팽창된 상기 'a1 흐름'을 냉매로, 상기 'a 흐름' 중 분기된 'a1 흐름'을 제외한 나머지 유체(이하, 'a2 흐름'이라고 함.)를 열교환시켜 냉각시키는 제3 열교환기; 및
    상기 제3 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 상기 'a2 흐름'을 팽창시키는 제2 감압장치;를 포함하고,
    상기 제2 열교환기는, 상기 제2 감압장치에 의해 팽창된 상기 'a2 흐름'을 냉매로 하여, 상기 다단압축기에 의해 압축된 유체를 냉각시키는, 선박.
  2. 청구항 1에 있어서,
    상기 다수개의 압축실린더 중 일부 압축실린더에 의해 압축된 증발가스는, 상기 제3 열교환기에서 열교환되어 냉각된 후 나머지 압축실린더에 의해 압축되는, 선박.
  3. 청구항 2에 있어서,
    상기 다수개의 압축실린더 중 일부 압축실린더에 의해 압축된 후 상기 제3 열교환기에서 냉각된 유체는, 상기 제1 감압장치에 의해 팽창된 후 상기 제3 열교환기에서 냉매로 사용된 상기 'a1 흐름'과 합류되어, 나머지 압축실린더에 의해 압축되는, 선박.
  4. 청구항 1 내지 청구항 3 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
    상기 다단압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스를, 상기 제2 열교환기로 보내기 전에 열교환시켜 냉각시키는 제1 열교환기를 더 포함하는, 선박.
  5. 액화가스 저장탱크가 탑재된 선박에 적용되는 증발가스 재액화 방법에 있어서,
    1) 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스를 압축시킨 후 제3 열교환기에서 냉각시키고,
    2) 상기 1)단계에서 상기 제3 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 유체를 추가 압축시키고,
    3) 상기 2)단계에서 추가 압축된 증발가스를 제2 열교환기에서 냉각시키고,
    4) 상기 3)단계에서 상기 제2 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 유체를 두 흐름으로 분기시키고,
    5) 상기 4)단계에서 분기된 흐름 중 한 흐름을 팽창시킨 후 상기 제3 열교환기에서 냉매로 사용하고,
    6) 상기 4)단계에서 분기된 흐름 중 나머지 흐름을 상기 제3 열교환기에서 냉각시키고,
    7) 상기 6)단계에서 상기 제3 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 유체를 팽창시켜 재액화시키고,
    상기 7)단계에서 재액화된 증발가스는 상기 제2 열교환기로 공급되어 상기 3)단계에서 상기 추가 압축된 증발가스를 냉각시키는 냉매로 사용되는, 방법.
  6. 청구항 5에 있어서,
    상기 1)단계에서 상기 제3 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 유체는, 상기 5)단계에서 팽창된 후 상기 제3 열교환기에서 냉매로 사용된 유체와 합류되어, 상기 2)단계의 추가 압축 과정을 거치는, 방법.
  7. 청구항 5 또는 청구항 6에 있어서,
    상기 2)단계에서 추가 압축된 증발가스는, 제1 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 후, 상기 3)단계에서 상기 제2 열교환기에 의해 냉각되는, 방법.
PCT/KR2016/011886 2016-03-31 2016-10-21 선박 WO2017171171A1 (ko)

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CN201680084199.8A CN109070977B (zh) 2016-03-31 2016-10-21 船只以及汽化气体再液化方法
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