CN109070001B - 管形过滤膜元件和其制造方法 - Google Patents

管形过滤膜元件和其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN109070001B
CN109070001B CN201680076185.1A CN201680076185A CN109070001B CN 109070001 B CN109070001 B CN 109070001B CN 201680076185 A CN201680076185 A CN 201680076185A CN 109070001 B CN109070001 B CN 109070001B
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K.奥夫德海德
W.范德鲁滕
A.奥珀斯
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Abstract

为了制造用于微过滤的管形过滤膜元件，由塑料制成的膜小管部段在其一个轴向端部上封闭并且在其对置的轴向端部上具有由塑料制成的转接件。在此，所述转接件注塑在所述膜小管部段上和优选与所述膜小管部段焊接。膜小管部段在其所述一个轴向端部上封闭的方式是，使所述膜小管部段通过所述一个轴向端部与热冲头贴靠。

Description

管形过滤膜元件和其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于微过滤的过滤膜元件，其具有由塑料制成的膜小管部段，该膜小管部段在其一个轴向端部上封闭并且在其对置的轴向端部上具有由塑料制成的转接件。
本发明还涉及一种用于制造相应的管形过滤膜元件的方法。
背景技术
在微过滤时，颗粒的分离主要在多孔的膜的表面上进行。该膜具有直径非常小的细孔或开口，使得待分离的颗粒不能通过该膜。待过滤的悬浮液的液相然后能流过该膜，而颗粒被挡住。
相应的膜备选地也可以用于把流体流、例如空气流划分为多个单独的流，这例如有利于在液体、尤其牛奶中发泡。下文中示例性地以膜用于微过滤为出发点，然而本发明并不局限于此。
管形的膜通常应用在所谓的动态微过滤中。管形过滤膜元件在其一个轴向端部上被封闭，并且在其相对置的轴向端部上配设由塑料制造的预制好的转接件。所述转接件例如可以是用于流体管路连接套或者是在其他情况下为使用过滤膜元件所需的功能部。待过滤的悬浮液要么能导入管形过滤膜元件的内腔，其中，悬浮液的液相流动穿过过滤膜元件的壁并且向过滤膜元件的外侧排出，而颗粒留在过滤膜元件内。然而通常方向相反的流动是优选的，就是说待过滤的悬浮液等候在管形过滤膜元件的外侧并且液相渗透过滤膜元件的壁、到达过滤膜元件的内腔并且从内腔排出，而被滤出的颗粒留在过滤膜元件的外侧。
取决于管形过滤膜元件的尺寸并且尤其取决于管形过滤膜元件的内径，这些管形过滤膜元件也被称为毛细膜或者在内径很小时也被称为空心纤维膜。
由于尺寸非常小，所以单个管形过滤膜元件的流量是很低的，使得通常把多个管形过滤膜元件组合成所谓的过滤膜模块。在此，每个过滤膜元件都配设有转接件。因为转接件必须单个地分别安置在膜小管部段上，所以过滤膜元件和尤其由很多过滤膜元件组成的过滤膜模块的制造是很费事和昂贵的。此外，还必须确保预制好的转接件可靠地并且以密封的方式安置在膜小管部段上，因此需要费事的质量控制。
每个单独的过滤膜元件的膜小管部段必须人工地在端部上封闭。这也是费事的并且因而也是高成本的。此外还必须确保，膜小管部段在其端部上被可靠地封闭，使得不会出现短路流。这也需要费事的质量控制。
由文献DE 10 2005 004 372 A1已知，将预制好的膜小管插入注塑模具中并且在注塑模具中配设端侧形状稳定的塑料件，该塑料件注塑在膜小管上。并未公开关于在轴向对置的端部上膜小管部段的封闭。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是，提供一种制造管形过滤膜元件、尤其用于微过滤的管形过滤膜元件的方法，利用该方法能可靠地和以简单方式封闭膜小管部段的待封闭的端部段。此外，应提供一种过滤膜元件，其中形成了良好的通流性能。
在所述方法方面，上述技术问题通过具有权利要求1的特征的方法解决。在此规定，膜小管部段在其一个轴向端部上封闭的方式是，使膜小管部段通过所述一个轴向端部与热冲头贴靠并且成形为期望的外形。
为了制造膜小管部段，从膜小管条、即由塑料组成的软管式的小管的所谓无端头-材料中剪切预定长度的部段，所述膜小管条具有带期望的渗透率的壁，例如微穿孔。所述预定长度的部段首先在其两个轴向端部是开口的。在此，膜小管部段在其一个轴向端部上封闭的方式是，使膜小管部段在所述一个端部上与热冲头贴靠。所述热冲头可以是配设有成形轮廓的金属构件，使该金属构件达到一种温度，在该温度下膜小管部段的材料熔化并因此变形为，使得膜小管部段通过挤压和墩压被流体密封地封闭。在此，使膜小管部段的该轴向端部额外地成形为期望的形状，例如成形为沿轴向变细的形状。
按照此说明书，术语“轴向”是指膜小管部段的纵轴线，而术语“径向”定义垂直于轴向的方向。
优选地，将膜小管部段在其一个轴向端部的封闭期间定位在芯棒上并且在借助热冲头进行封闭期间固持在芯棒上。
优选地，将膜小管部段的待封闭的端部导入热冲头的凹部中，其中，该凹部优选具有与封闭后的轴向端部的期望的外形互补的形状。例如，该凹部可以具有锥形地凹入的和尤其变尖的形状。以这种方式可以实现在膜小管部段的封闭端部上构成沿轴向锥形变细的形状。
在本发明的一种可能的改进设计方案中规定，膜小管部段在轴向端部的封闭期间和尤其在嵌入热冲头的凹部中期间围绕膜小管部段的纵轴线转动或者枢转。以这种方式可以避免膜小管部段在热冲头的表面上附着。
作为其备选或补充可以规定，将热冲头在膜小管部段的轴向端部的封闭期间转动或者枢转。
优选的是，不预制转接件并且随后将转接件安置在同样预制好的膜小管部段上，相反的是转接件的制造和转接件在膜小管部段上的安置在一个共同的方法步骤中实现的方式是，将转接件注塑在膜小管部段上。以这种方式不仅实现管形过滤膜元件的非常快速的和低成本的制造，而且也确保了为转接件和膜小管部段之间的连接得到一致的质量。
预制膜小管部段并且然后将其置入注塑装置的空腔中。在此可以规定，将膜小管部段布置在定位芯棒上或者说在定位芯棒上插套。定位芯棒上的插套可以在注塑装置外部进行，接着将定位芯棒连同插套上的膜小管部段插入注塑装置中。然而备选地也可以将定位芯棒布置在注塑装置中并且将膜小管部段插套在该定位芯棒上。
在注塑过程期间，膜小管部段被定位芯棒固持，就是说被阻止在注塑装置的空腔内部运动。优选地，膜小管部段过盈配合地安装在定位芯棒上。在可能的设计方案中可以规定，定位芯棒的外径比膜小管部段的内径略大，使得膜小管部段在微小的弹性的径向变形的情况下插套在定位芯棒上并且被固持在该定位芯棒上。膜小管部段在定位芯棒上的轴向的定位优选借助止挡进行。
在本发明的一种优选的设计方案中规定，定位芯棒具有容纳部段和相对于容纳部段轴向错位地布置的扩大的芯棒部段，膜小管部段向该容纳部段上插套。该扩大的芯棒部段相比于容纳部段具有扩大的直径，其中，在容纳部段和扩大的芯棒部段之间优选构造有台阶，该台阶用作膜小管部段在定位芯棒上轴向定位的止挡。
在膜小管部段插入注塑装置的空腔和该注塑工具闭合后，以通常的方式通过注入通道向空腔中导入塑料熔融物。按照本发明可以规定，注入通道的通入口定向为，使得从注入通道的通入口流出的塑料熔融物流束不流到膜小管部段上，而是流到相对于膜小管部段有间距的定位芯棒上。以这种方式避免了注塑压力或者说由于导入塑料熔融物而出现的动态载荷导致非常薄的也因而敏感的膜小管部段的损坏。该塑料熔融物可以相对于定位芯棒或者说膜小管部段的纵轴线径向地注入空腔中，这导致塑料熔融物直接流到定位芯棒上并且尤其流到扩大的芯棒部段上。定位芯棒可以顺利地吸收在此出现的点式载荷并且进一步用于将塑料熔融物转向，而不使膜小管部段负载过重。
相对于此备选地可以规定，塑料熔融物不是精确径向地、即直接对准定位芯棒的纵轴线，而是以与纵轴线错位地并且尤其切向地施加。
在本发明的改进设计方案中可以规定，注入通道相对于其在空腔中的通入口在上游地分为至少两个分支通道。在此情况中，注入通道并不具有唯一一个在空腔中的通入口，而是由于划分成分支通道使塑料熔融物通过分支通道沿在流通技术上平行的定向进入空腔。以这种方式一方面可以防止在塑料熔融物进入时过高的点状载荷，另一方面通过划分为多个分支通道保证了空腔被可靠地和充分地用塑料材料填满。
在本发明优选的设计方案中规定，转接件与膜小管部段焊接。按照本发明，术语“焊接”指的是塑料材料和工艺参数这样地相互协调，使得膜小管部段的塑料材料和转接件的塑料材料在注塑过程期间形成分子结合，该分子结合导致两个部件不可拆卸的，材料配合的连接。
在过滤膜元件方面，上述技术问题按照本发明解决的方式是，膜小管部段在其被封闭的端部上具有沿轴向锥形地变细的形状。膜小管部段在其借助热冲头封闭的端部上的锥形变尖的形状已被证明一方面有利于尽可能避免在膜小管部段内部中的流动堵塞，另一方面有利于确保良好的流体流。
转接件可以注塑在膜小管部段上和与其焊接。
转接件可以是用于流体管路的连接套。
本发明的其他细节和特征从下面参照附图对实施例的说明得出。
附图说明
附图中：
图1示出剖切过滤膜元件的纵向剖切面，
图2示出制造膜小管部段的第一阶段，
图3示出制造膜小管部段的第二阶段，
图4示出制造膜小管部段的第三阶段，
图5示出制造膜小管部段的第四阶段，
图6示出在塑料熔融物进入后剖切注塑装置的垂直切面，
图7示出图6中的VII-VII切面。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于微过滤的管形过滤膜元件10。过滤膜元件10具有由塑料制成的膜小管部段11，膜小管部段11在其一个、按照图1的左侧轴向端部上通过形成沿轴向锥形变细的形状被封闭，并且在其对置的、按照图1的右侧端部上与由塑料制成的转接件20相连，转接件20构成用于流体管路的连接套。膜小管部段11由渗透性的塑料材料构成，其中，该渗透性通过材料的根本上的多孔性构成和/或通过事后设置的穿孔构成。
下面根据图2至图7以单个步骤阐述管形过滤膜元件10的制造。
膜小管部段11的基本材料是软管状的膜小管条12，就是说所谓的“无端头的”材料。膜小管条12在其自由端部上借助仅示意性示出的夹具14抓握和固定，接着借助刀具13从膜小管条12切下预定长度的膜小管部段11。
膜小管部段11接着借助夹具14抓握并且由夹具14插套在销栓状的芯棒15上，直至膜小管部段11的背离夹具14的端部贴靠在芯棒15的止挡16上。膜小管部段11通过摩擦和必要时在弹性变宽的情况下固持在芯棒15上。该状态在图3中示出。
然后，如图4中箭头所示，使膜小管部段11的背离止挡16的自由的轴向端部与热冲头17贴靠，热冲头17具有锥形地或者说半椭圆形的凹部18。热冲头17被加热至使膜小管部段11的材料变软和至少开始熔化的温度。膜小管部段的自由端部向热冲头17的凹部18中压入，以此一方面将膜小管部段11的该端部封闭，并且同时成形为期望的轮廓，例如变尖的轮廓，如图5所示。
在膜小管部段11的待封闭的轴向端部与热冲头的凹部18接触期间，芯棒15连同膜小管部段11一起和/或热冲头17围绕膜小管部段11的纵轴线转动或枢转，以便避免膜小管部段11附着在热冲头17上。
然后，将预制好的、在轴向端部上封闭的膜小管部段11置入注塑装置19中，如图6示意性所示。注塑装置19具有销栓状的定位芯棒21，该定位芯棒21具有端侧的容纳部段22a，膜小管部段11在弹性变宽的情况下插套在容纳部段22a上。在定位芯棒21的容纳部段22a上邻接有扩大的芯棒部段22b，芯棒部段22b具有扩大的外径，其中，在容纳部段22a和扩大的芯棒部段22b之间的过渡区域中构造有台阶，台阶构成止挡25，膜小管部段11的开口的端部抵靠在止挡25上。
在注塑装置19闭合之后，膜小管部段11的与封闭的轴向端部对置的端部区域和与其邻接的围绕定位芯棒21的扩大的芯棒部段22b周围的区域被成形空腔或者说空腔23包围。用于塑料熔融物的注入通道24通入空腔23。如图7所示，注入通道24在向空腔23的通入口前不远分成两个分支通道26，这两个分支通道26分别接入空腔23。
在图6中示出了，注入通道24或者说分支通道26的通入口定向为，使得通过通入口进入空腔23的塑料熔融物不直接流到膜小管部段11上，而是流向定位芯棒21的扩大的芯棒部段22b的外侧面，如通过箭头S1所示。塑料熔融物从彼处冲回并且分散在空腔23中，如箭头S2所示。
塑料熔融物与膜小管部段11的塑料材料焊接并且因而与其通过分子键合牢固连接。
在注塑装置19打开后就构成图1中所示的过滤膜元件10，其中，通过套筒形的转接件20可到达膜小管部段11的内腔。

Claims (8)

1.一种制造用于微过滤的管形过滤膜元件(10)的方法，其中，由塑料制成的膜小管部段(11)在其一个轴向端部上封闭并且在其对置的轴向端部上具有由塑料制成的转接件(20)，其中膜小管部段(11)由渗透性的塑料材料构成，其中，该渗透性通过材料的根本上的多孔性构成和/或通过事后设置的穿孔构成，在膜小管部段(11)的所述一个轴向端部上封闭所述膜小管部段(11)的方式是，使所述膜小管部段通过所述一个轴向端部与热冲头(17)贴靠并且成形为期望的外形，其中在所述膜小管部段(11)的封闭的端部上构成沿轴向锥形变细的形状且将所述转接件(20)注塑在所述膜小管部段(11)上，
其特征在于，在所述膜小管部段(11)的所述一个轴向端部封闭期间所述膜小管部段(11)定位在芯棒(15)上，将所述膜小管部段(11)在轴向端部的封闭期间围绕膜小管部段的纵轴线转动或者枢转和/或将所述热冲头(17)在所述膜小管部段(11)的轴向端部的封闭期间转动或者枢转，所述膜小管部段(11)在注塑装置(19)的空腔(23)中布置在定位芯棒(21)上并且在注塑过程中固持所述定位芯棒(21)，所述转接件(20)是用于流体管路的连接套，并且将所述转接件(20)与所述膜小管部段(11)焊接。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述膜小管部段(11)过盈配合地安装在所述定位芯棒(21)上。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述定位芯棒(21)具有容纳部段(22a)和相对于容纳部段轴向错位地布置的扩大的芯棒部段(22b)，所述膜小管部段(11)向所述容纳部段(22a)上插套。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，塑料熔融物通过注入通道(24)向所述空腔(23)中导入，其中，所述注入通道(24)的通入口定向为，使得塑料熔融物流到相对于所述膜小管部段(11)有间距的定位芯棒(21)上。
5.按照权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，塑料熔融物流到扩大的芯棒部段(22b)上。
6.按照权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述注入通道(24)在空腔(23)中的通入口上游分为至少两个分支通道(26)。
7.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述膜小管部段(11)的待封闭的端部导入热冲头(17)的凹部(18)中。
8.按照权利要求1至7之一所述的方法制造的过滤膜元件(10)，其具有由塑料制成的膜小管部段(11)，其中膜小管部段(11)由渗透性的塑料材料构成，其中，该渗透性通过材料的根本上的多孔性构成和/或通过事后设置的穿孔构成，转接件(20)注塑在所述膜小管部段(11)上，其特征在于，所述膜小管部段(11)在其被封闭的端部上具有沿轴向锥形地变细的形状， 所述转接件(20)与所述膜小管部段(11)焊接，且所述转接件(20)是用于流体管路的连接套。
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