CN109067374A - A kind of multi-stage cross coupling tiny differential signal amplification circuit and method - Google Patents
A kind of multi-stage cross coupling tiny differential signal amplification circuit and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109067374A CN109067374A CN201811020408.XA CN201811020408A CN109067374A CN 109067374 A CN109067374 A CN 109067374A CN 201811020408 A CN201811020408 A CN 201811020408A CN 109067374 A CN109067374 A CN 109067374A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/45—Differential amplifiers
- H03F3/45071—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/45479—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of common mode signal rejection
Abstract
A kind of multi-stage cross coupling tiny differential signal amplification circuit and method, including differential signal input circuit, multi-stage cross amplifier circuit and output coupling circuit.The present invention is associated with common-mode noise by cross-linked input mode, makes signal that can effectively inhibit common-mode noise during amplification.In addition so that signal is kept differential characteristic from generating, be amplified to during the entire process of input analog-to-digital converter, avoid difference and the single-ended noise for converting introducing back and forth, there is very high signal-to-noise ratio；The present invention also passes through multistage structure design, so that circuit has to the small extractability to nA grades of small-signals；Multilevel structure makes the bandwidth of amplifying circuit for tiny signal and gain no longer become the factor to condition each other, can obtain excellent bandwidth and gain simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tiny differential signal amplification circuit and methods, belong to low current signal acquisition amplification neck
Domain.
Background technique
Amplifying circuit for tiny signal is exactly as its name suggests the amplifier of tiny signal.Typically such as photodiode this
In the high impedance sensor application of sample, the low current signal of optical signal conversion, by current-voltage conversion, using amplification,
It exports to the processing circuit of rear class.
Amplifying circuit for tiny signal has very important effect as the circuit that sensor improves, it is connected to front end
The sensors such as light, sound, magnetic and subsequent processing circuit, noise characteristic, gain characteristic, bandwidth characteristic etc. directly influence entirely
The performance of system.
Amplifying circuit for tiny signal relatively good at present is that current signal is inputted trans-impedance amplifier, is then converted into faint
Voltage signal is amplified using the single instrument amplifier of high cmrr, finally to avoid being further introduced into noise,
Signal can be converted to digital signal by ADC and wait subsequent processing.But single instrument amplifier can believe difference during this
Number single-ended signal is converted to, so also needing the device for increasing a single-ended transfer difference that the output of instrument amplifier is converted to energy
It is coupled into the differential signal of ADC.
This conventional amplifying circuit for tiny signal can be relatively good progress tiny signal extraction and amplification, but because
For that can only use single instrument amplifier, so common-mode signal rejection ability is than relatively limited, while gain amplifying power also compares
It is limited, although system gain can be further increased by increasing low-noise operational amplifier behind instrument amplifier, because
Signal is not Differential Input at this time, so common-mode noise can simultaneously amplify, is unfavorable for the raising of signal-to-noise ratio.In addition, in difference
New noise can be introduced during converting back and forth by dividing between single-ended signal, also will affect whole signal-to-noise ratio.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: it overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of extraction tiny differential signal and amplifies defeated
Multi-stage cross coupling tiny differential signal amplification circuit and method out, can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of current similar functions circuit, have
There is the ability for extracting more small-signal, and there is the characteristic of big bandwidth and large gain simultaneously.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention:
A kind of multi-stage cross coupling tiny differential signal amplification circuit, comprising: differential signal input circuit, multi-stage cross coupling
Close amplifying circuit and output coupling circuit；
Externally input two-way Weak current signal is sent into differential signal input circuit, and differential signal input circuit is by institute
It states Weak current signal and is converted to voltage signal, output difference voltage signal Pi and Ni gives multi-stage cross coupling amplification electricity after filtering
Road；
Multi-stage cross amplifier circuit carries out multi-stage cross coupling amplification to voltage signal therein is input to, and will generate
Signal output coupling circuit is output in the form of difference, through output coupling circuit ultimately generate all the way digital signal output,
Realize the amplification of tiny differential signal.
The differential signal input circuit include two IV conversion circuits and two blocking filter circuits, externally input two
Road Weak current signal is respectively fed in two IV conversion circuits, after being converted to voltage signal, passes through blocking filter circuit blocking
Output difference voltage signal Pi and Ni.
The multi-stage cross amplifier circuit is made of the cascade of multiple single-stage cross-coupling amplifying circuits, and each single-stage is handed over
Fork amplifier circuit includes two instrument amplifiers, Pi and Ni cross-coupling inputs in first order cross-coupling amplifying circuit
Two instrument amplifiers, then pass through multistage cross-coupling amplification, signal be output to output coupling in the form of difference
Circuit.
Pi the and Ni cross-coupling specifically refers to: input Pi is connected to the anode and the second instrument of first instrument amplifier
The cathode of table amplifier, Ni are connected to the cathode of first instrument amplifier and the anode of second instrument amplifier, first instrument
Table amplifier and second instrument amplifier are two instrument amplifiers for including in first order cross-coupling amplifying circuit.
The output P of first instrument amplifier1For P1=β1·(Pi-Ni), the output N of second instrument amplifier1For N1=β1·
(Ni-Pi), the gain of first instrument amplifier and second instrument amplifier is disposed as β1。
It is described after multistage cross-coupling amplification, the signal P of generationnAnd Nn, specifically:
Pn=β1β2...βn·2n-1·(Pi-Ni)；
Nn=β1β2...βn·2n-1·(Ni-Pi)；
Wherein, n is series, β1、β2、...、βnIt is followed successively by the instrument amplifier in every level-one cross-coupling amplifying circuit
Gain.
The output coupling circuit includes blocking filter circuit and analog to digital conversion circuit, the differential signal of input carry out every
Then straight filtering processing is entered analog to digital conversion circuit in the form of difference and carries out analog-to-digital conversion, generate digital signal all the way and export.
Weak current signal is nA or μ A grades.
A kind of multi-stage cross coupling tiny differential method for amplifying signal, steps are as follows:
(1) externally input two-way Weak current signal P and N carry out differential signal amplification, specifically: pass through two respectively
IV conversion circuit and subsequent blocking filter circuit, output difference voltage signal Pi and Ni；
(2) the differential voltage signal Pi and Ni is subjected to multi-stage cross coupling amplification, finally puts multi-stage cross coupling
Signal output after big；
(3) to after the multi-stage cross coupling amplification signal carry out blocking filtering processing, then in the form of difference into
Enter ADC and carry out analog-to-digital conversion, generate digital signal all the way, is used for following digital circuit.
Pi and Ni cross-coupling specifically refers to: input Pi being connected to the positive of first instrument amplifier and is put with second instrument
The cathode of big device, Ni are connected to the cathode of first instrument amplifier and the anode of second instrument amplifier, and the first instrument is put
Big device and second instrument amplifier are two instrument amplifiers for including in first order cross-coupling amplifying circuit,
The output P of first instrument amplifier1For P1=β1·(Pi-Ni), the output N of second instrument amplifier1For N1=β1·
(Ni-Pi), the gain of first instrument amplifier and second instrument amplifier is disposed as β1；
After multistage cross-coupling amplification, the signal P of generationnAnd Nn, specifically:
Pn=β1β2...βn·2n-1·(Pi-Ni)；
Nn=β1β2...βn·2n-1·(Ni-Pi)；
Wherein, n is series, β1、β2、...、βnIt is followed successively by the instrument amplifier in every level-one cross-coupling amplifying circuit
Gain.
Technical solution of the present invention compared with prior art bring the utility model has the advantages that
(1) tiny differential signal amplification circuit of the invention is associated with common-mode signal by cross-linked input mode,
Make signal that can effectively inhibit common-mode noise during amplification.In addition signal is from generating, be amplified to input analog-to-digital converter
During the entire process of keep differential characteristic, avoid difference and the single-ended noise for converting introducing back and forth, system signal noise ratio can be improved；
(2) present invention has been significantly expanded the gain ranging of conventional instrument amplifier, so that electric by multistage structure design
Road has the extraction amplifying power of small to nA grades small-signals；
(3) for conventional instrument amplifier when carrying out tiny signal amplification, bandwidth and gain are the factors mutually restricted, are pursued
Bigger bandwidth will necessarily be such that the gain of amplification reduces, and pursuing bigger gain can then be such that the bandwidth of system reduces.Multistage is handed over
Fork amplifier circuit structure can make the bandwidth of amplifying circuit for tiny signal and gain no longer become the factor to condition each other.This
Every level-one all uses the design of the big bandwidth of small gain in invention, and the total gain requirement of system can be reached by multistage accumulation,
And the bandwidth of multilevel structure is determined by the minimum bandwidth in each grade, because every level-one is all identical big band in the design
Width, so entire design can be realized simultaneously large gain and big bandwidth.
Detailed description of the invention
System principle diagram Fig. 1 of the invention；
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the invention proposes a kind of multi-stage cross to couple tiny differential signal amplification circuit, comprising: difference
Signal input circuit, multi-stage cross amplifier circuit and output coupling circuit；
In externally input two-way Weak current signal P and N input differential signal amplifying circuit, in the circuit, two-way
Signal can pass through IV conversion circuit and subsequent filter circuit respectively, and tiny differential voltage signal Pi and Ni is exported after filtering
Multi-stage cross amplifier circuit is given, wherein IV conversion circuit is to utilize the operational amplifier circuit of JFET input by small current signal
Voltage signal is converted to, is used for subsequent circuit.Filter circuit filters out high-frequency noise, while removing useless direct current point
Amount.
Multi-stage cross amplifier circuit is different from the differential signal enhanced processing electricity of conventional Differential Input Single-end output
Road, but by the way of multi-stage cross coupling, it can be exported with differential-input differential, so that the common mode noise rejection of signal and putting
It is carried out when Datong District.By multistage differential amplification, smaller signal can be inputted, because multistage cross-coupling amplification can obtain
The bigger gain than using conventional instrument amplifier, and multistage amplifier circuit can overcome in application big bandwidth and large gain not
The problem of capable of realizing simultaneously.Bandwidth and gain are two amounts contradicted in single-stage amplifying circuit, and bigger bandwidth is just meaned
Smaller gain, on the contrary, bigger gain means that smaller bandwidth.In multi-stage cross amplifier circuit of the invention
Every level-one all use the design of the big bandwidth of small gain, the total gain of system can reach one very big by multistage accumulation
Value, and the bandwidth of multilevel structure is determined by the minimum bandwidth in each grade, because every level-one can design in the design
Big bandwidth is also able to achieve so entire design is both able to achieve large gain for identical big bandwidth.
Multi-stage cross amplifier circuit carries out multi-stage cross coupling amplification, the circuit to voltage signal therein is input to
It is made of the cascade of multiple single-stage cross-coupling amplifying circuits, every level-one all includes two instrument amplifiers.Pi and Ni cross-coupling
Two instrument amplifiers in first order cross-coupling amplifying circuit are inputted, multistage cross-coupling amplification is then passed through, will believe
Number output coupling circuit is output in the form of difference.
Each instrument amplifier has+and-two inputs, two instrument amplifier cross-couplings input Pi of the first order and
Ni, wherein input Pi be connected to instrument amplifier 1+pole and instrument amplifier 2-pole, Ni be connected to instrument amplifier 1-
Pole and instrument amplifier 2+pole.Assuming that the gain of two amplifiers is disposed as β1, then the output P of instrument amplifier 11For P1
=β1.(Pi-Ni), the output N1 of instrument amplifier 2 is N1=β1·(Ni-Pi), then by multiple single-stage cross-coupled circuit strings
It is connected to and forms multistage cross-coupling amplification together, be respectively as follows: n-th grade of two outputs
Pn=β1β2...βn·2n-1·(Pi-Ni)；
Nn=β1β2...βn·2n-1·(Ni-Pi)；
Wherein, n is series, β1、β2、...、βnIt is followed successively by the instrument amplifier in every level-one cross-coupling amplifying circuit
Gain.
When using single-stage cross-coupled circuit, amplification factor and bandwidth are mutually restricted, in order to reach enough bandwidth,
Certain amplification factor must be sacrificed, actual amplification factor is extremely limited, and multiple cross-coupled circuit grades are associated in
When together, it is only necessary to guarantee the bandwidth of every level-one, and the amplification factor of every level-one is not important because total amplification factor be by
The product of every level-one amplification factor is determined, theoretically can achieve arbitrary value, in this way for whole system, bandwidth and times magnification
Number is the variable that can individually control, therefore can greatly relax the use condition of system, expands use scope.In addition,
The common-mode signal between two signals due to carrying out cross-coupling input is relevant, so every level-one cross-coupled circuit is all
It can inhibit common-mode noise, by multistage common mode noise rejection, common-mode noise can drop to a low-down degree, entire to be
The output signal-to-noise ratio of system can be very high.
Output coupling circuit is as shown in Figure 1, include blocking filter circuit and analog to digital conversion circuit, first to the difference of input
Signal carries out blocking filtering processing, and analog to digital conversion circuit is then entered in the form of difference and carries out analog-to-digital conversion, generates a number
The output of word signal.The output of multi-stage cross amplifier circuit is differential signal, can directly be coupled, be reduced with ADC
The link of intermediate single-ended signal slip point, avoids the introducing of new noise.
A kind of multi-stage cross coupling tiny differential signal amplification circuit working principle proposed by the present invention is as follows:
Weak current the signal P and N of (1) two input enter circuit for amplifying differential signal, respectively by two IV conversions
Circuit and subsequent filter circuit, output difference voltage signal Pi and Ni；
(2) differential signal of input is constantly carried out combined crosswise and difference by multi-stage cross amplifier circuit.Due to closing
Common-mode noise is joined, so that differential signal remains to effectively inhibit common-mode noise during amplification.By multistage intersection
Coupling amplification is finally output in output coupling circuit；
(3) differential signal of input is carried out blocking filtering processing by output coupling circuit, then direct in the form of difference
It is coupled into ADC and carries out analog-to-digital conversion, used for following digital circuit.
It is illustrated below with one embodiment:
It is designed first according to the solution of the present invention.With reference to Fig. 1, two-way input current signal amplitude is 1nA, IV conversion
Circuit is made of AD8513 and periphery configuration circuit, and setting conversion ratio is representative value 200k, then the signal voltage after converting
Output amplitude is 200 μ V.The instrument amplifier units of multi-stage cross coupling circuit selects INA128, and the gain of INA128 can be from
1 to 1000 are configured, and the corresponding relationship of 4 groups of gains and bandwidth is given in databook, corresponding when wherein gain is 1
1.3MHz bandwidth, gain correspond to 700kHz bandwidth when being 10, and gain corresponds to 200kHz bandwidth when being 100, when gain is 1000 pair
Answer 20k.Because the total gain of system can be obtained by multistage cascade, and total bandwidth is then by the minimum bandwidth of every level-one
It determines, so in order to realize big bandwidth, single instrument amplifier is set as 10 times of gain 700kHz bandwidth.By the friendship of the first order
After fork coupling, according to formula Pn=β1β2...βn·2n-1·(Pi-Ni) and Nn=β1β2...βn·2n-1·(Ni-Pi) it is found that 200
The differential input voltage amplitude of μ V becomes the output voltage amplitude of 4mV, after the cross-coupling of the second level, signal voltage output
Amplitude becomes 80mV, and after the cross-coupling of the third level, signal voltage output amplitude becomes 1.6V, has been suitable as ADC
Have input.Overall gain in this example is 1.6V/200 μ V=8000, and total bandwidth is 700kHz, and 1nA electric current may be implemented
The amplification of amplitude.
The scheme conventional at present of comparison below (with reference to the introduction in background technique), it is also assumed that two-way input current amplitude
For 1nA, IV conversion circuit is made of AD8513 and periphery configuration circuit, and setting conversion ratio is representative value 200k, then is converted
Voltage output amplitude afterwards is 200 μ V, then passes through single instrument amplifier difference, then is carried out defeated after signal single-ended transfer difference
Enter ADC.In order to obtain enough amplification factors, which is set as 1000 times of gain 20kHz bandwidth, at this point, output
Signal voltage output amplitude be 200mV, it is defeated under this scheme because of the too small input being not appropriate for as ADC of amplitude
Entering current amplitude cannot be 1n magnitude, and at least should be 10nA magnitude.
In terms of signal-to-noise ratio, the signal-to-noise ratio of differential signal is determined that common-mode rejection ratio is bigger by common-mode rejection ratio, and signal-to-noise ratio is got over
It is good.There are positive correlations for the gain of common-mode rejection ratio and differential signal, and gain is bigger, and common-mode rejection ratio is bigger, so difference is believed
Number gain is bigger, and signal-to-noise ratio is higher.The overall gain of differential signal amplification of the present invention is 8000, and the overall gain of conventional scheme is
1000, signal-to-noise ratio of the invention is better than the scheme of current routine.
The embodiment Comparative result of the embodiment of the present invention and conventional scheme is shown in Table 1, from table 1, it is apparent that this hair
It is bright signal-to-noise ratio, output area, gain and in terms of have a clear superiority.
The comparison of 1 two schemes embodiment of table
The content that description in the present invention is not described in detail belongs to the well-known technique of those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of multi-stage cross couples tiny differential signal amplification circuit, characterized by comprising: differential signal input circuit, more
Grade cross-coupling amplifying circuit and output coupling circuit；
Externally input two-way Weak current signal is sent into differential signal input circuit, and differential signal input circuit will be described micro-
Low current signal is converted to voltage signal, and output difference voltage signal Pi and Ni gives multi-stage cross amplifier circuit after filtering；
Multi-stage cross amplifier circuit carries out multi-stage cross coupling amplification to voltage signal therein is input to, by the letter of generation
Number it is output to output coupling circuit in the form of difference, ultimately generates digital signal output all the way through output coupling circuit, realize
The amplification of tiny differential signal.
2. a kind of multi-stage cross according to claim 1 couples tiny differential signal amplification circuit, it is characterised in that: described
Differential signal input circuit includes two IV conversion circuits and two blocking filter circuits, externally input two-way Weak current letter
It number is respectively fed in two IV conversion circuits, after being converted to voltage signal, passes through blocking filter circuit blocking output difference voltage
Signal Pi and Ni.
3. a kind of multi-stage cross according to claim 1 couples tiny differential signal amplification circuit, it is characterised in that: described
Multi-stage cross amplifier circuit is made of the cascade of multiple single-stage cross-coupling amplifying circuits, each single-stage cross-coupling amplification electricity
Road includes two instrument amplifiers,
Pi and Ni cross-coupling inputs two instrument amplifiers in first order cross-coupling amplifying circuit, then passes through multistage
Signal, is output to output coupling circuit by cross-coupling amplification in the form of difference.
4. a kind of multi-stage cross according to claim 3 couples tiny differential signal amplification circuit, it is characterised in that: described
Pi and Ni cross-coupling specifically refers to: will input Pi and is connected to the anode of first instrument amplifier and bearing for second instrument amplifier
Pole, Ni are connected to the cathode of first instrument amplifier and the anode of second instrument amplifier, the first instrument amplifier and
Two instrument amplifiers are two instrument amplifiers for including in first order cross-coupling amplifying circuit.
5. a kind of multi-stage cross according to claim 3 couples tiny differential signal amplification circuit, it is characterised in that:
The output P of first instrument amplifier1For P1=β1·(Pi-Ni), the output N of second instrument amplifier1For N1=β1·(Ni-
Pi), the gain of first instrument amplifier and second instrument amplifier is disposed as β1。
6. a kind of multi-stage cross according to claim 3 couples tiny differential signal amplification circuit, it is characterised in that: described
After multistage cross-coupling amplification, the signal P of generationnAnd Nn, specifically:
Pn=β1β2…βn·2n-1·(Pi-Ni)；
Nn=β1β2…βn·2n-1·(Ni-Pi)；
Wherein, n is series, β1、β2、…、βnIt is followed successively by the gain of the instrument amplifier in every level-one cross-coupling amplifying circuit.
7. a kind of multi-stage cross according to claim 1 couples tiny differential signal amplification circuit, it is characterised in that: described
Output coupling circuit includes blocking filter circuit and analog to digital conversion circuit, and the differential signal of input carries out blocking filtering processing,
Then enter analog to digital conversion circuit in the form of difference and carry out analog-to-digital conversion, generate digital signal all the way and export.
8. a kind of multi-stage cross according to claim 1 couples tiny differential signal amplification circuit, it is characterised in that: small
Current signal is nA or μ A grades.
9. a kind of multi-stage cross realized based on any one of claim 1~8 couples tiny differential method for amplifying signal, special
Sign is that steps are as follows:
(1) externally input two-way Weak current signal P and N carry out differential signal amplification, specifically: turn respectively by two IV
Change circuit and subsequent blocking filter circuit, output difference voltage signal Pi and Ni；
(2) the differential voltage signal Pi and Ni is subjected to multi-stage cross coupling amplification, it finally will be after multi-stage cross coupling amplification
Signal output；
(3) blocking filtering processing is carried out to the signal after the multi-stage cross coupling amplification, ADC is then entered in the form of difference
Analog-to-digital conversion is carried out, digital signal all the way is generated, is used for following digital circuit.
10. a kind of multi-stage cross according to claim 9 couples tiny differential method for amplifying signal, it is characterised in that: Pi
It is specifically referred to Ni cross-coupling: Pi will be inputted and be connected to the anode of first instrument amplifier and bearing for second instrument amplifier
Pole, Ni are connected to the cathode of first instrument amplifier and the anode of second instrument amplifier, the first instrument amplifier and
Two instrument amplifiers are two instrument amplifiers for including in first order cross-coupling amplifying circuit,
The output P of first instrument amplifier1For P1=β1·(Pi-Ni), the output N of second instrument amplifier1For N1=β1·(Ni-
Pi), the gain of first instrument amplifier and second instrument amplifier is disposed as β1；
After multistage cross-coupling amplification, the signal P of generationnAnd Nn, specifically:
Pn=β1β2…βn·2n-1·(Pi-Ni)；
Nn=β1β2…βn·2n-1·(Ni-Pi)；
Wherein, n is series, β1、β2、…、βnIt is followed successively by the gain of the instrument amplifier in every level-one cross-coupling amplifying circuit.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112165307A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-01 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Amplification design circuit of avalanche photodetector |
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| CN204316511U (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-05-06 | 天津大学 | The high-speed cmos monolithic integrated photoreceiver front-end circuit of cross coupling structure |
| US9148087B1 (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2015-09-29 | Kandou Labs, S.A. | Symmetric is linear equalization circuit with increased gain |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101841333A (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-09-22 | 复旦大学 | Low-jitter clock buffer for analogue-digital/digital-analogue converter |
| CN102629856A (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2012-08-08 | 成都启臣微电子有限公司 | Low-voltage differential signal receiver |
| US20140184329A1 (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2014-07-03 | Doron Shoham | Current canceling gain control for high frequency wideband cross-coupled amplifiers |
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| CN112165307A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-01 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Amplification design circuit of avalanche photodetector |
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Application publication date: 20181221 |