CN109067156B - Multifunctional high-voltage power supply input protection circuit applied to underwater equipment - Google Patents
Multifunctional high-voltage power supply input protection circuit applied to underwater equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN109067156B CN109067156B CN201810875303.6A CN201810875303A CN109067156B CN 109067156 B CN109067156 B CN 109067156B CN 201810875303 A CN201810875303 A CN 201810875303A CN 109067156 B CN109067156 B CN 109067156B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multifunctional high-voltage power supply input protection circuit applied to underwater equipment, which comprises: the power supply comprises a power supply input end J1, a power supply output end J3, a comparator U3 arranged between a power supply input end J1 and a power supply output end J3, a voltage regulator tube U1, a voltage regulator tube U2, a power switch tube Q1 and a plurality of resistors; the power supply input end J1 is connected with the power supply output end J3 through a DC-DC power supply module, and a reverse connection protection unit and an overcurrent protection unit are arranged between the positive electrode of the power supply input end J1 and the positive electrode of the DC-DC power supply module; the voltage stabilizer U1 provides power for the comparison U3, the voltage stabilizer U2 provides reference voltage for the comparator U3, and the input power is connected with the load by a power switch tube Q1; the input end of the power switch tube Q1 is connected with the negative pole of the reverse connection protection unit through a plurality of power resistors connected in series. The invention can not only provide high-voltage overvoltage protection for a high-voltage power supply, but also provide anti-surge protection, reverse connection protection, overcurrent protection and the like, and has simple circuit and various functions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power supply input protection, in particular to a multifunctional high-voltage power supply input protection circuit applied to underwater equipment.
Background
In an underwater detection system, there is often more than one kind of electronic equipment, and the distance between a shore base station and the electronic equipment is very long, when the equipment encounters emergency situations such as overcurrent, overvoltage and surge, if the equipment is not protected in time, the situation of the equipment is reported to the base station, and the equipment may be damaged in the information reporting process.
With the development of the technology, the variety and the function of the electronic equipment are increasing day by day, the power supply requirements of the internal circuits of the equipment are different, and the platform generally only provides a single group of voltage for power supply, and the electronic equipment is required to perform power supply conversion by itself. Although the voltage power supply end can adopt measures such as a lightning rod, shunt, shielding net, balanced potential grounding and the like to provide a relatively safe use environment for the load, the measures are far from insufficient, the existing power input protection circuit has single function, can not provide overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, power reverse connection protection and anti-surge protection at the same time, and the protection of underwater equipment is not comprehensive enough.
In addition, the existing protection circuit generally adopts a MOSFET or other power devices arranged between an input power supply and a load, and a comparator controls the on-off of the MOSFET, so that the input power supply and the load are isolated. The protection circuit can only be used under the condition of low voltage, and has limitation because the power of the MOSFET is generally very small, and if the protection circuit is used in a high-voltage circuit, continuous high-voltage large current can pass through the MOSFET when the circuit is not subjected to overvoltage, so that the MOSFET is very easy to damage, and the reliability is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a multifunctional high-voltage power supply input protection circuit which is applicable to underwater equipment and has multiple protection functions and is suitable for high-voltage and low-voltage conditions.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a multifunctional high-voltage power supply input protection circuit applied to underwater equipment comprises: the power supply comprises a power supply input end J1, a power supply output end J3, a comparator U3 arranged between a power supply input end J1 and a power supply output end J3, a voltage regulator tube U1, a voltage regulator tube U2, a power switch tube Q1 and a plurality of resistors;
the power supply input end J1 is connected with the power supply output end J3 through a DC-DC power supply module, and a reverse connection protection unit and an overcurrent protection unit are arranged between the positive electrode of the power supply input end J1 and the positive electrode of the DC-DC power supply module;
the common end of the reverse connection protection unit and the overcurrent protection unit is connected with the positive electrode input end of a comparator U3, the negative electrode input end of the comparator U3 is connected with the negative electrode of a voltage regulator tube U2, the negative electrode input end of the comparator U3 is connected with the negative electrode of a voltage regulator tube U1 through a resistor R7, the positive electrodes of the voltage regulator tube U1 and the voltage regulator tube U2 are grounded, the output end of the comparator U3 is connected with the control end of a power switch tube Q1, the input end of the power switch tube Q1 is connected with the negative electrode of the reverse connection protection unit through a plurality of series-connected power resistors, the output end of the power switch tube Q1 is grounded, the input end and the output end of the power switch tube Q1 are connected through a plurality of series-connected TVS tubes, the control end of the power switch tube Q1 is grounded through another TVS tube, and the TVS tube is used for protecting the power switch tube Q1 by reverse.
Further, the anode and the cathode of the voltage regulator tube U1 are connected through a resistor R9 and a resistor R12 which are connected in series, and the common end of the resistor R9 and the resistor R12 is connected with the ref end of the voltage regulator tube U1; the anode and the cathode of the voltage regulator tube U2 are connected through a resistor R10 and a resistor R13 which are connected in series, and the common end of the resistor R10 and the resistor R13 is connected with the ref end of the voltage regulator tube U2.
Further, the overcurrent protection unit is a fuse F1, and the overcurrent protection unit further includes a magnetic bead FB2 disposed between the fuse F1 and the positive input end of the DC-DC power supply module, and a magnetic bead FB4 disposed between the negative electrode of the power supply input terminal J1 and the negative input end of the DC-DC power supply module.
Further, a resistor R7 is connected in series between the negative electrode of the voltage regulator tube U1 and the negative electrode of the voltage regulator tube U2; the negative electrode of the voltage-stabilizing tube U1 is connected with the negative electrode of a diode D1 through a resistor R1, a resistor R2 and a resistor R3 which are sequentially connected IN series, the negative electrode of the diode D1 is connected with the IN + end of a comparator U3 through a resistor R4, and the IN + end of the comparator U3 is grounded through a resistor R11.
Further, the V + terminal of the comparator U3 is grounded through a plurality of filter capacitors connected in parallel.
Further, the output terminal of the comparator U3 is connected to the control terminal of the power switch Q1 through a resistor R8.
Further, a schottky rectifier D7 is arranged between the positive electrode output end of the DC-DC power supply module and the positive electrode of the power supply output end J3.
Further, the power switch tube Q1 adopts a MOSFET.
Further, the comparator U3 adopts a dual-power broadband operational amplifier.
Further, the reverse connection protection unit comprises two diodes D1 connected in parallel, the anodes of the diodes D1 are both connected with the anode of the power input terminal J1, and the cathodes of the diodes D1 are both connected with one end of the over-current protection unit.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention outputs control signals through a comparator U3, a voltage stabilizer U1 provides power for a comparison U3, a voltage stabilizer U2 provides reference voltage for a comparator U3, and an input power supply is connected with a load by a power switch tube Q1; when the overvoltage occurs, the comparator U3 outputs high level, the power switch tube Q1 is controlled to be conducted, the input power supply is pulled down to the ground, redundant instantaneous electric quantity is discharged, and overvoltage protection is provided; the power supply reverse connection protection can be provided through the reverse connection protection unit, and the overcurrent protection unit provides overcurrent protection; the comparator U3 responds quickly when a lightning surge occurs and controls the power switch tube Q1 at the rear end to perform protection action, and the power resistor and the power switch tube Q1 form a passage to resist the lightning in a very short time when the lightning surge occurs, so that the surge protection is provided.
In addition, when the TVS is in a high-voltage non-overvoltage state, if the voltage on the TVS exceeds a threshold value, the device is rapidly conducted, surge energy is discharged through PN junction reverse overvoltage avalanche breakdown, the effect of protecting the power switch tube Q1 is achieved, and the reliability of a protection circuit is guaranteed.
Therefore, the invention can help the power supply of the underwater equipment to deal with emergency situations such as overcurrent, overvoltage, surge and the like, and improves the safety and reliability of the underwater equipment.
Drawings
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings;
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the multifunctional power input protection circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a multifunctional high-voltage power input protection circuit applied to underwater equipment, which comprises: the power supply circuit comprises a power supply input end J1, a power supply output end J3, a comparator U3 arranged between a power supply input end J1 and a power supply output end J3, a voltage regulator tube U1 and a voltage regulator tube U2, a power switch tube Q1, a plurality of resistors, a plurality of capacitors and a plurality of diodes, preferably, the comparator U3 in the embodiment is a dual-power-supply broadband operational amplifier, and other equivalent operational amplifiers for realizing the functions of the comparator can be adopted; the power switch tube Q1 adopts a MOSFET, in this embodiment, an N-MOSFET is adopted, or a P-MOSFET or other power switch device may be adopted according to the output logic of the operational amplifier.
The power input end J1 is connected with the power output end J3 through a DC-DC power supply module, a reverse connection protection unit and an overcurrent protection unit are arranged between the positive pole of the power input end J1 and the positive pole of the DC-DC power supply module, preferably, the reverse connection protection unit in the embodiment adopts two parallel diodes D1, reverse connection protection is provided by the forward conduction and reverse cut-off characteristics of the diodes, the overcurrent protection unit adopts a fuse F1, when overcurrent protection is provided for a load, input bus short circuit caused by load damage can be avoided, the positive poles of the diodes D1 are connected with the positive pole of the power input end J1, the negative poles of the diodes D1 are connected with one end of the fuse F1, and the other end of the fuse F1 is connected with the positive pole input end of the DC-DC power supply module.
Preferably, a magnetic bead FB2 is arranged between the diode D1 and the positive input end of the DC-DC power module, a magnetic bead FB1 is arranged between the negative electrode of the power input end J1 and the negative input end of the DC-DC power module to filter high-frequency noise and provide overcurrent protection, and a schottky rectifier D7 is arranged between the positive output end of the DC-DC power module and the positive electrode of the power output end J3 to rectify current.
The common end of the diode D1 and the fuse F1 is connected with the IN + end of the comparator U3 through a resistor R4, the cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube U1 is connected with the cathode of the diode D1 through a resistor R1, a resistor R2 and a resistor R3 which are sequentially connected IN series, preferably, the resistors R1, R2 and R3 adopt cement wire-wound precise resistors, the IN-end of the comparator U3 is connected with the cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube U2, the IN-end of the comparator U3 is connected with the cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube U1 through a resistor R7, and the IN + end of the comparator U3 is grounded through a resistor R11; the positive electrodes of a voltage regulator tube U1 and a voltage regulator tube U2 are grounded, the V + end of a comparator U3 is grounded through three filter capacitors C1, C2 and C3 which are connected in parallel, the OUTPUT end of the comparator U3 is connected with the grid electrode of a MOSFET Q1 through a resistor R8, and the drain electrode of the MOSFET Q1 is connected with the negative electrode of a diode D1 through a power resistor R2 and a power resistor R5 which are connected in series; the source terminal of the mosfet q1 is grounded, the drain and the source of the mosfet q1 are connected through three TVS tubes D2, D3 and D5 which are connected in series in the same direction, wherein the anode of the TVS tube D5 is grounded, the cathode of the TVS tube D2 is connected with the drain of the mosfet q1, and the gate terminal of the mosfet q1 is grounded through the TVS tube D4;
the input end of the MOSFET 1 is connected with the negative electrode of the reverse connection protection unit through a plurality of power resistors connected in series so as to form a passage with the MOSFET 1 in lightning surge.
The anode and the cathode of the voltage regulator tube U1 are connected through a resistor R9 and a resistor R12 which are connected in series, and the common end of the resistor R9 and the resistor R12 is connected with the ref end of the voltage regulator tube U1; the anode and the cathode of the voltage regulator tube U2 are connected through a resistor R10 and a resistor R13 which are connected in series, and the common end of the resistor R10 and the resistor R13 is connected with the ref end of the voltage regulator tube U2.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
because the Vz (Cathode Voltage) of the Voltage-stabilizing tube U1 is only 10V at most, three cement wire-wound precision resistors R1, R2 and R3 are connected at the input end of a power supply to reduce the input Voltage to be below Vz, and the calculation formula V is usedU1＝VREF(1+ R9/R12), and known VREFCan find VU1And VU2。
The power supply of the comparator U3 is provided by the output voltage of a voltage regulator tube U1, the voltage regulator U2 provides a reference voltage for the inverting input end of the operational amplifier, the power supply input end is connected to the homodromous input end of the comparator after passing through a voltage dividing resistor R4 and a voltage dividing resistor R11, and the homodromous input end of the comparator is connected according to a calculation formula VIN+Vcc (R11/(R4+ R11)) may be used to calculate the voltage V at the input of the comparator in the same directionIN+The voltage value of (2).
The threshold voltage of the mosfet q1 is known, when the voltage on the TVS tube exceeds a certain amplitude, the device is turned on rapidly, and surge energy is discharged through reverse overvoltage avalanche breakdown of the PN junction, so as to protect the mosfet q 1. The on and off of the MOSFET Q1 are controlled by the OUTPUT end of the U3 comparator.
Because the output voltage of the comparator U3 is not enough to drive the MOSFET when the dual power supply is adopted for power supply, the comparator U3 adopts the single power supply for power supply, the output voltage is 2 times of the dual power supply, and the output voltage can reach the threshold voltage of the MOSFET Q1.
In the circuit of the invention, VI＝VIN+，Vu2＝VINWhen the voltage V is at the same-direction input terminal of the comparatorIN+Is nVThe input voltage is 83nV, that is, the voltage setting value of the circuit of the invention is 83 nV.
a. When V isIN+When the input voltage is less than or equal to nV, namely the input voltage is lower than a voltage set value 83nV, the OUTPUT end of the comparator OUTPUTs a low level, namely 0V, which cannot reach the threshold voltage of the MOSFET Q1, and the MOSFET Q1 is cut off;
b. when V isIN+When the input voltage is higher than the set voltage value 83nV, the OUTPUT end of the comparator OUTPUTs high level to reach the threshold voltage of the MOSFET Q1, and the MOSFET Q1 is conducted to pull down the input power supply to the ground to discharge redundant instantaneous electric quantity.
In addition, the comparator U3 and the MOSFET Q1 can realize the overvoltage protection function of the circuit and simultaneously provide the function of preventing lightning surge together with R2 and R5. The comparator U3 can respond quickly and control the back-end MOSFET for protection when a lightning surge occurs. The power resistors of R2 and R5 can form a path with the MOSFETQ1 to resist lightning in an extremely short time when lightning surge happens.
In this embodiment, the regulator tube U1 and the regulator tube U2 are adjustable precision regulator tubes, the output voltage value of the regulator tube U1 can be adjusted by changing the resistance values of R9 and R12, and the output voltage value of the regulator tube U2 can be adjusted by changing the resistance values of R10 and R13.
The invention outputs control signals through a comparator U3, a voltage stabilizer U1 provides power for a comparison U3, a voltage stabilizer U2 provides reference voltage for a comparator U3, and an input power supply is connected with a load by a power switch tube Q1; when the overvoltage occurs, the comparator U3 outputs high level, the power switch tube Q1 is controlled to be conducted, the input power supply is pulled down to the ground, redundant instantaneous electric quantity is discharged, and overvoltage protection is provided; the power supply reverse connection protection can be provided through the reverse connection protection unit, and the overcurrent protection unit provides overcurrent protection; the comparator U3 responds quickly when a lightning surge occurs and controls the power switch tube Q1 at the rear end to perform protection action, and the power resistor and the power switch tube Q1 form a passage to resist the lightning in a very short time when the lightning surge occurs, so that the surge protection is provided.
In addition, when the TVS is in a high-voltage non-overvoltage state, if the voltage on the TVS exceeds a threshold value, the device is rapidly conducted, surge energy is discharged through PN junction reverse overvoltage avalanche breakdown, the effect of protecting the power switch tube Q1 is achieved, and the reliability of a protection circuit is guaranteed.
The protection circuit can provide high-voltage overvoltage protection for the power supply of the underwater equipment, can also provide anti-surge protection, reverse connection protection, overcurrent protection and the like, is simple in circuit and multifunctional, and improves the safety and reliability of the underwater equipment.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and any technical means that can achieve the object of the present invention by basically the same means is within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multifunctional high-voltage power supply input protection circuit applied to underwater equipment is characterized by comprising: the power supply comprises a power supply input end J1, a power supply output end J3, a comparator U3 arranged between a power supply input end J1 and a power supply output end J3, a voltage regulator tube U1, a voltage regulator tube U2, a power switch tube Q1 and a plurality of resistors;
the power supply input end J1 is connected with the power supply output end J3 through a DC-DC power supply module, and a reverse connection protection unit and an overcurrent protection unit are arranged between the positive electrode of the power supply input end J1 and the positive electrode of the DC-DC power supply module;
the reverse connection protection unit is connected with the common end of the over-current protection unit and the positive electrode input end of a comparator U3, the negative electrode of a voltage regulator tube U1 is connected with the output end of the reverse connection protection unit through a voltage reduction resistor, a voltage regulator tube U1 and a voltage regulator tube U2 are adjustable accurate voltage regulator tubes, the negative electrode input end of a comparator U3 is connected with the negative electrode of a voltage regulator tube U2, the negative electrode input end of a comparator U3 is connected with the negative electrode of the voltage regulator tube U1 through a resistor R7, the positive electrodes of the voltage regulator tube U1 and the voltage regulator tube U2 are grounded, the output end of a comparator U3 is connected with the control end of a power switch tube Q1, the input end of the power switch tube Q1 is connected with the negative electrode of the reverse connection protection unit through a plurality of power resistors connected in series, the output end of the power switch tube Q1 is grounded, the input end of the power switch tube Q1 is connected with the output end through a plurality of TVS tubes connected in series, and the, the TVS tube is used for protecting a power switch tube Q1 by reverse breakdown of a PN junction and leakage current during overvoltage.
2. The multifunctional high-voltage power supply input protection circuit applied to underwater equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the anode and the cathode of the voltage-regulator tube U1 are connected through a resistor R9 and a resistor R12 which are connected in series, and the common end of the resistor R9 and the resistor R12 is connected with the ref end of the voltage-regulator tube U1; the anode and the cathode of the voltage regulator tube U2 are connected through a resistor R10 and a resistor R13 which are connected in series, and the common end of the resistor R10 and the resistor R13 is connected with the ref end of the voltage regulator tube U2.
3. The multifunctional high-voltage power supply input protection circuit applied to underwater equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the overcurrent protection unit is a fuse F1, and further comprises a magnetic bead FB2 arranged between the fuse F1 and the positive input end of the DC-DC power supply module, and a magnetic bead FB4 arranged between the negative electrode of the power supply input end J1 and the negative input end of the DC-DC power supply module.
4. The multifunctional high-voltage power supply input protection circuit applied to underwater equipment according to claim 1, wherein: a resistor R7 is connected in series between the negative electrode of the voltage regulator tube U1 and the negative electrode of the voltage regulator tube U2; the negative electrode of the voltage-stabilizing tube U1 is connected with the negative electrode of the reverse connection protection unit through a resistor R1, a resistor R2 and a resistor R3 which are sequentially connected IN series, the negative electrode of the reverse connection protection unit is connected with the IN + end of a comparator U3 through a resistor R4, and the IN + end of the comparator U3 is grounded through a resistor R11.
5. The multifunctional high-voltage power supply input protection circuit applied to underwater equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the V + end of the comparator U3 is grounded through a plurality of filter capacitors connected in parallel.
6. The multifunctional high-voltage power supply input protection circuit applied to underwater equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the output end of the comparator U3 is connected with the control end of the power switch tube Q1 through a resistor R8.
7. The multifunctional high-voltage power supply input protection circuit applied to underwater equipment according to claim 1, wherein: and a Schottky rectifier D7 is arranged between the positive electrode output end of the DC-DC power supply module and the positive electrode of the power supply output end J3.
8. The multifunctional high-voltage power supply input protection circuit applied to underwater equipment according to claim 1 or 6, wherein: the power switch tube Q1 adopts MOSFET.
9. The multifunctional high-voltage power supply input protection circuit applied to underwater equipment according to claim 1, 4, 5 or 6, wherein: the comparator U3 adopts a dual-power broadband operational amplifier.
10. The multifunctional high-voltage power supply input protection circuit applied to underwater equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the reverse connection protection unit comprises two diodes D1 connected in parallel, the anodes of the diodes D1 are connected with the anode of the power input end J1, and the cathodes of the diodes D1 are connected with one end of the over-current protection unit.
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| CN201810875303.6A CN109067156B (en) | 2018-08-03 | 2018-08-03 | Multifunctional high-voltage power supply input protection circuit applied to underwater equipment |
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| CN201810875303.6A CN109067156B (en) | 2018-08-03 | 2018-08-03 | Multifunctional high-voltage power supply input protection circuit applied to underwater equipment |
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| CN109067156B true CN109067156B (en) | 2020-07-31 |
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| CN207098589U (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2018-03-13 | 深圳市崧盛电子股份有限公司 | A kind of LED power protection circuit against input over-voltage and LED power |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN206412760U (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2017-08-15 | 无锡天和电子有限公司 | A kind of anti-reverse voltage surge, spike and ripple protection circuit |
| CN107845998B (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2020-01-07 | 西安微电子技术研究所 | Input power supply health detection and management circuit in power supply parallel redundancy system |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4603289A (en) * | 1984-08-01 | 1986-07-29 | Mclellan Norvel J | Dual input voltage regulator |
| CN202034757U (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-11-09 | 北京立华莱康平台科技有限公司 | Protective circuit |
| CN104577994A (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-04-29 | 深圳市海洋王照明工程有限公司 | Chargeable lamp and chargeable over-voltage protection circuit thereof |
| CN204652214U (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-09-16 | 江苏博克斯自动化控制工程有限公司 | A kind of little ripple DC conversion power |
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Address after: 410000 room 801, accelerator production workshop, building B1, Haichuang science and Technology Industrial Park, No. 627 Lugu Avenue, Changsha high tech Development Zone, Changsha City, Hunan Province Patentee after: Hunan Xingtian Electronic Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: Room 801, accelerator workshop, building B1, Haichuang science and Technology Industrial Park, 627 Lugu Avenue, high tech Zone, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410205 Patentee before: HUNAN XING TIAN ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
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| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Huang Peixiao Inventor after: Zhang Deming Inventor after: Chen Jun Inventor before: Huang Peixiao Inventor before: Song Jingyu Inventor before: Zhang Deming Inventor before: Chen Jun |