CN109063389A - A kind of vehicle structure lightweight forward design method and system based on more performance constraints - Google Patents
A kind of vehicle structure lightweight forward design method and system based on more performance constraints Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of vehicle structure lightweight forward design method and system based on more performance constraints, body structure finite element analysis model is built by finite element modeling technology, utilize topological optimization technology, it is constraint operating condition with vehicle body bent/twisted rigidity property, it identifies the typical Path of Force Transfer of vehicle structure, carries out the light-weight design of conceptual phase；Then sensitivity analysis technique is utilized, carry out strain energy analysis respectively and expects thick sensitivity analysis, finds the weak link of vehicle body and the design section of Guan Chong；Topography optimization is recycled, body performance is promoted；Finally, based on commerce integration optimization software, integrated emulation analysis is carried out to the more performance objectives of vehicle body, carry out the correlation research between design parameter and performance, performance and performance using DOE sampling and data mining technology, and then carry out the body structure light-weight design for considering multidisciplinary performance, mitigate body structure quality, enhances product performance, shorten research and development and manufacturing cycle, saves cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to automobile CAE simulation technical fields, and in particular to Research on Lightweight Design of Automobile Structure method.
Background technique
According to statistics, automobile is every mitigates the 10% of gross mass, and fuel consumption can reduce by 6% ~ 8%, it can be seen that, vehicle structure
Lightweight level has very positive meaning for energy saving, reduction exhaust gas discharge.NVH involved in Automobile Design process,
Multiple subjects such as rigidity, intensity fatigue and collision, need the interdisciplinary performance indexes of choosing comprehensively, carry out the more property of multiple target
The optimization design that can be constrained.With the continuous promotion of domestic vehicle factor R & D Level, traditional design method based on reference vehicle
It cannot adapt to the market demand for shortening the R&D cycle, promoting product competitiveness completely, need a set of practical consideration more
The vehicle structure lightweight forward design method of performance constraints is instructed.
In vehicle structure conceptual phase, topological optimization is that have bright prospects and novelty in vehicle structure optimization
Technology, it refers to finds optimal material distribution or optimal Path of Force Transfer in given design space, is meeting properties item
The most light design scheme of weight is obtained under part.The Main Analysis process of topological optimization includes defining standard analysis operating condition, establishing and open up
It flutters optimization domain, creation constraint condition and optimization aim and Optimization Solution and result parses.
Body structure is usually made of the molding metal component of steel plate punched and large-scale covering, and material thickness parameter is to vehicle
Body performance has a significant impact.In order to identify and screen the pass heavy burder thickness parameter for influencing body performance, body structure sensitivity analysis
Method is a kind of effective method.By taking body stiffness sensitivity analysis as an example, body structure high-precision finite element mould is established
Type realizes the accurate emulation to body stiffness performance, on this basis, extracts material thickness parameter as design variable, vehicle body
Rigidity is optimization aim, can obtain vehicle body important Parts sensitivity sequence.
In the detailed design phase of automotive development, traditional " serial design development mode " be by NVH, collision, rigidity/
Engineer's stand-alone development in the different performances such as intensity field, using more wheel each performances of iterative coordination.Although being at each point
In system design engineering, each subsystem performance can be made to reach " best " using advanced design method and optimization means, however,
Due to failing to fully consider coupling, restriction and its synergistic effect between performance, so that such design method lacks systematicness
With it is of overall importance.To overcome above-mentioned design drawback, the complete vehicle structure performance development method based on multidisciplinary design optimization is obtained not
Disconnected development and progress can fully consider the relationship that influences each other between different subjects, efficiently reduce in design process not
With the verifying that iterates of performance, shortens the design cycle to realize, improve designing quality.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of vehicle structure lightweight forward design method and system based on more performance constraints, to be solved
Certainly the problem of is to carry out vehicle structure lightweight Top-Down Design, thus effectively how in the case where meeting multidisciplinary more performance constraints
Reduce vehicle structure quality.
Technical scheme is as follows:
The first object of the present invention is a kind of vehicle structure lightweight forward design method based on more performance constraints proposed, institute
The method of stating is to build body structure finite element analysis model by finite element modeling technology, using topological optimization technology, with vehicle body
Bent/twisted rigidity property is constraint operating condition, identifies the typical Path of Force Transfer of vehicle structure, and the lightweight for carrying out the conceptual phase is set
Meter；Then sensitivity analysis technique is utilized, carry out strain energy analysis respectively and expects thick sensitivity analysis, finds the weak ring of vehicle body
Section and the design section for closing weight；Topography optimization is recycled, body performance is promoted；Finally, commerce integration optimization software is based on, to vehicle
The more performance objectives of body carry out integrated emulation analysis, carry out design parameter and performance, performance with data mining technology using DOE sampling
Correlation research between performance, and then carry out the body structure light-weight design for considering multidisciplinary performance, mitigate body structure
Quality is enhanced product performance, and research and development and manufacturing cycle are shortened, and saves cost.
The step of the method for the present invention, specifically includes that
(1) body structure finite element analysis model is built, body performance simulation analysis is carried out；
(2) topological optimization technology is utilized, is constraint operating condition with vehicle body bent/twisted rigidity property, obtains the material of design section
Distribution situation identifies the typical Path of Force Transfer of vehicle structure；
(3) sensitivity analysis technique is utilized, carry out strain energy analysis respectively and expects thick sensitivity analysis, finds the weak ring of vehicle body
Section and the design section for closing weight；
(4) topography optimization is carried out, optimal structure and morphology scheme is determined, obtains optimal pattern arrangement；
(5) the multidisciplinary more performance integrated emulation optimizations of vehicle structure are carried out, integrated emulation analysis is carried out to the more performance objectives of vehicle body；
(6) radial basis function approximate model is established instead of the high time-consuming simulation analysis model of body performance, verifies approximate model precision
Whether required precision is met；
(7) using architecture quality as optimization aim, the more performance parameters of vehicle body are constraint condition, carry out Body structure optimization design, are adjusted
With Finite Element Simulation Analysis model, prioritization scheme is verified.
Each step is implemented as follows:
Step (1) specifically includes: body structure finite element model is established using pre-processing software Hypermesh/Ansa etc., for
The performance simulations object such as rigidity, intensity, collision and NVH establishes corresponding exciting force load and constraint operating condition, setting structure respectively
Response output is realized body performance simulation analysis using finite element solving software NASTRAN/Dyna/Abaqus etc., and then is completed
The Performance Evaluation of preliminary design scheme.
Further, step (2) specifically includes: establishing topology optimization design domain at pre-processing software Hypermesh, defines
Topological optimization target component (weight) and constraint condition (performance indicator) carry out topological optimization using OptiStruct module and ask
Solution, obtains the material distribution situation of design section, finds the typical Path of Force Transfer of structure.
Further, step (3) specifically includes: updating CAE simulation analysis model based on topological optimization result, carries out sensitivity
Analysis.Using body structure rigidity property and body structure quality as optimization aim at pre-processing software Hypermesh, material is extracted
Material thickness parameter is design variable, establishes and expects thick Sensitivity Analysis, is optimized using NASTRAN, obtain material
Thickness sensitivity sequence respectively screens the pass heavy material thickness for influencing performance and influence weight.Meanwhile carrying out and being based on answering
The sensitivity analysis for becoming energy finds region of stress concentration, and then determine structure under body stiffness performance simulation analysis operating condition
Weak link.
Further, step (4) specifically includes: closing weight performance parameter as optimization aim using body structure, carries out sheet metal component shape
Looks optimization, determines optimal structure and morphology scheme.Optimized model is established at Hypermesh, using OptiStruct to metal plate
The planform of part optimizes, and obtains optimal pattern arrangement, promotes body performance.
Further, step (5) specifically includes: under commerce integration simulation optimization platform, integrating skill using parameterized model
It is excellent that art, finite element analysis integrated technology and post-processing data abstraction techniques complete the multidisciplinary more performance integrated emulations of vehicle structure
Change process to build, under the constraint of more performance parameters, lightweight optimization design is carried out to vehicle structure, thus guaranteeing performance satisfaction
Under conditions of design object, most light structural design scheme is obtained.According to sensitivity analysis as a result, screening design variable, then
The DOE method of sampling and sampling scale are determined according to design dimension size, complete DOE simulation calculation.Based on sampled result, complete to set
Count the correlation analysis between variable and body performance parameter and different performance parameter.
Further, step (6) specifically includes: DOE sample point and calculated result are extracted, it is flat using commerce integration simulation optimization
The response surface modeling technique that platform provides establishes radial basis function approximate model and replaces the high time-consuming simulation analysis model of body performance,
Shorten the optimization design time.Whether verifying approximate model precision meets required precision, needs to increase DOE analysis sample if being unsatisfactory for
Point updates approximate model until precision is met the requirements.It is to solve the problems, such as high accuracy analysis model time-consuming using approximate model technology
Effective way, radial basis function approximate model theoretical description is shown in document: Long Teng aircraft multidisciplinary design optimization with
Integrated design platform studies [D]
Further, step (7) specifically includes: the approximate model established based on previous step, using architecture quality as optimization aim, vehicle body
More performance parameters are constraint condition, complete Body structure optimization design using global optimization approach, obtain a set of optimal structure
Design scheme recalls Finite Element Simulation Analysis model, verifies to prioritization scheme, the Optimizing Flow if meeting constraint condition
Terminate, needs to re-start optimization if being unsatisfactory for constraint condition.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of vehicle structure lightweight Top-Down Design based on more performance constraints
System, the system comprises following modules:
CAE simulation analysis model module: for building body structure finite element analysis model, body performance simulation analysis is carried out.
Topological optimization module: utilizing topological optimization technology, is constraint operating condition with vehicle body bent/twisted rigidity property, obtains
The material distribution situation of design section identifies the typical Path of Force Transfer of vehicle structure；
Sensitivity analysis module: utilizing sensitivity analysis technique, carries out strain energy analysis respectively and expects thick sensitivity analysis, finds
The weak link of vehicle body and the design section of Guan Chong；
Topography optimization module: progress pattern muscle/dimensionally-optimised determines optimal structure and morphology scheme, obtains optimal pattern
Arrangement；
DOE emulation and data mining module: the multidisciplinary more performance integrated emulations of vehicle structure are carried out and are optimized, to the more performance mesh of vehicle body
Mark carries out integrated emulation analysis；
It establishes approximate model module: establishing radial basis function approximate model instead of the high time-consuming simulation analysis model of body performance, test
Whether card approximate model precision meets required precision；
Optimization Solution module: using architecture quality as optimization aim, the more performance parameters of vehicle body are constraint condition, and it is excellent to carry out body structure
Change design, calls Finite Element Simulation Analysis model, prioritization scheme is verified.
The advantages of body structure lightweight forward design method of the present invention and system, is as follows:
1, method can help designer to research and develop early period in automobile, determine the typical force transferring structure of vehicle body, complete lightweight side
The conceptual design of case.In detailed design phase, is integrated and optimized by the more performance simulations of vehicle body, designer can be helped simultaneous
Body structure light-weight design scheme is obtained under the premise of caring for body performance, it is horizontal to promote product positive development.
2, method uses approximate model technology, solves Optimized Iterative and calls high-precision finite element model bring high consumption
Shi Wenti, can effectively shorten the design cycle, promote design efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is the vehicle structure lightweight forward design method flow chart based on more performance constraints；
Fig. 2 is front shroud preliminary design scheme；
Fig. 3 is front hood back head structure after topological optimization；
Fig. 4 is that strain energy analyzes result；
Fig. 5 is torsion stiffness agent model precision.
Specific embodiment
The process that the method for the present invention is realized is as shown in Figure 1:
Step 1: building CAE simulation analysis model
Body structure finite element analysis model is built, body performance simulation analysis is carried out.
Step 2: topological optimization
It is constraint operating condition with vehicle body bent/twisted rigidity property using topological optimization technology, obtains the material distribution of design section
Situation identifies the typical Path of Force Transfer of vehicle structure；
Step 3: sensitivity analysis
Using sensitivity analysis technique, carries out strain energy analysis respectively and expect thick sensitivity analysis, find the weak link of vehicle body
With the design section for closing weight；
Step 4: pattern muscle/dimensionally-optimised
Topography optimization is carried out, optimal structure and morphology scheme is determined, obtains optimal pattern arrangement；
Step 5:DOE emulation and data mining
The multidisciplinary more performance integrated emulation optimizations of vehicle structure are carried out, integrated emulation analysis is carried out to the more performance objectives of vehicle body；
Step 6: establishing approximate model
Radial basis function approximate model is established instead of the high time-consuming simulation analysis model of body performance, whether is verifying approximate model precision
Meet required precision；
Step 7: Optimization Solution
Using architecture quality as optimization aim, the more performance parameters of vehicle body are constraint condition, carry out Body structure optimization design, and calling has
First simulation analysis model is limited, prioritization scheme is verified.
The light-weight design of car bra structure belongs to a part of Research on Lightweight Design of Automobile Structure, in order to be better described
The purpose of the present invention and advantage, below by Chang'an vehicle front cover structure design optimization example, in conjunction with table, attached drawing to this hair
Bright to be described further, specific implementation step is as follows:
Step 1: front shroud finite element analysis model is established using pre-processing software Hypermesh.Then, establish front end bending, after
Front shroud rigidity is realized in the analysis operating condition such as end bending, torsion stiffness and hinge installation point rigidity, the output of setting structure dynamic respond
It can simulation analysis；The analysis operating conditions such as hood panel is rigid before establishing, overload closes and props up intensity realize that front shroud is strong using Abaqus
Spend Performance Analysis.Under initial designs state, for front cover structure as shown in Fig. 2, 1 is front hood back head, 2 be front hood back head reinforcing rib
Placement scheme, to preliminary design scheme carry out strength/rigidity performance simulation, analysis result share 6 it is not up to standard.
Step 2: using front shroud quality as topology optimization design target, it is optimization design region that front shroud inner and outer plates, which surround space,
Front shroud rigidity property is constraint condition (emphasis promotion rigidity property), carries out topology optimization design.By to topological optimization result
Interpretation, complete the redesign of front hood back head topology layout, Fig. 3 gives the cloth of front hood back head reinforcing rib after topological optimization
Office's mode 3.Inner panel is after optimization, and front shroud torsion stiffness improves 17.11%, and torsion mode improves 3.24Hz, and quality reduces
0.03Kg.Using front shroud rigidity property as optimization design target, topological optimization is carried out to the viscose glue arrangement of front shroud, passes through topology
Optimization, front shroud performance are promoted, and wherein torsion stiffness improves 9.51%, and torsion mode improves 1.64Hz, and mode of flexural vibration improves
2.49Hz, quality increase 0.03Kg.
Step 3: with body structure rigidity property and body structure quality being optimization mesh at pre-processing software Hypermesh
Mark, extraction material thickness parameter are design variable, establish and expect thick Sensitivity Analysis, are optimized using NASTRAN,
Material thickness sensitivity sequence is obtained, the pass heavy material thickness for influencing performance and influence weight is screened respectively.Then, exist
Front shroud rigidity property is analyzed under operating condition, and the sensitivity analysis based on strain energy is calculated using Nastran as a result, such as Fig. 4 institute
Show.It finds based on the analysis results, front shroud buffer stopper position strain energy is relatively concentrated, preceding by adjusting lock 4 support foot position of reinforcer
Covering front end bending MP1 deformation reduces by 28.95%, and front end, which is bent MP2 deformation, reduces by 20.79%, and quality increases 0.04Kg.
Step 4: carrying out front shroud topography optimization.Using body structure performance boost as optimization aim, established at Hypermesh
Optimized model is optimized using the muscle arrangement that rises of the OptiStruct to sheet metal component, according to optimum results to front shroud
Interior front edge of board and lock reinforcer position cloth muscle again, under prioritization scheme, front shroud front end, which is bent MP1 deformation, reduces by 14.81%, preceding
Bending MP2 deformation in end reduces by 11.25%.Using OptiStruct to hinge reinforcement carry out topography optimization, according to pattern as a result,
Hinge reinforcement structure is redesigned.Rear end bending stiffness (displacement) reduces by 34.63% under prioritization scheme, torsion stiffness
12.38% is promoted, lateral rigidity promotes 14.44%, installation point rigidity General Promotion.
Step 5: integrated using parameterized model integrated technology, finite element analysis under commerce integration simulation optimization platform
Technology and post-processing data abstraction techniques are completed the multidisciplinary more performance integrated emulation optimizing and analyzing models of vehicle structure and are built, and open
Open up front cover structure light-weight design.Front cover structure part is chosen with a thickness of design variable, using the super side experimental design side of optimal Latin
Method samples 80 groups, and it is 640 times total to be related to strength/rigidity analysis.Carry out for DOE sampled result expect thick parameter to front shroud rigidity/
The analysis of the data such as strength character correlation, contribution degree.Front shroud rigidity property (5) and front shroud strength character (3) are at positive
Pass relationship, no capability conflicts；Torsion stiffness and front shroud strength character correlation are bigger in front shroud rigidity property.
Step 6: radial basis function approximate model being constructed according to the sample data that DOE sampling obtains, Fig. 5 gives front shroud torsion
Turn Stiffness Prediction value and true value comparing result.In figure, stem height reflects the error amount size of agent model, maximum value 2%
(number 5), i.e. the precision of prediction of agent model minimum 98%, meets required precision.
Step 7: the radial basis function approximate model based on foundation, with front cover structure quality most gently for optimization aim, front shroud
Structural member material thickness parameter is design variable, and 12 performances of bus body strength/rigidity are constraint condition, is completed using global optimization approach
Optimization design obtains a set of optimal structural design scheme, front shroud weight saving 1.6kg under prioritization scheme, rigidity/strength character
It is all up to standard.
To sum up, by above-mentioned front cover structure lightweight process of optimization, front shroud strength/rigidity performance parameter is set from basis
Meter state lower 6 wholes not up to standard that are optimized to are up to standard, and front cover structure weight saving 1.6kg, illustrate effectiveness of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of vehicle structure lightweight forward design method based on more performance constraints, which comprises the following steps:
(1) body structure finite element analysis model is built, body performance simulation analysis is carried out；
(2) topological optimization technology is utilized, is constraint operating condition with vehicle body bent/twisted rigidity property, obtains the material of design section
Distribution situation identifies the typical Path of Force Transfer of vehicle structure；
(3) sensitivity analysis technique is utilized, carry out strain energy analysis respectively and expects thick sensitivity analysis, finds the weak ring of vehicle body
Section and the design section for closing weight；
(4) topography optimization is carried out, optimal structure and morphology scheme is determined, obtains optimal pattern arrangement；
(5) the multidisciplinary more performance integrated emulation optimizations of vehicle structure are carried out, integrated emulation analysis is carried out to the more performance objectives of vehicle body；
(6) radial basis function approximate model is established instead of the high time-consuming simulation analysis model of body performance, verifies approximate model precision
Whether required precision is met；
(7) using architecture quality as optimization aim, the more performance parameters of vehicle body are constraint condition, carry out Body structure optimization design, are adjusted
With Finite Element Simulation Analysis model, prioritization scheme is verified.
2. the vehicle structure lightweight forward design method according to claim 1 based on more performance constraints, feature exist
In the step (1) specifically: body structure finite element model is established using pre-processing software, for rigidity, intensity, collision
With the performance simulations object such as NVH, corresponding exciting force load and constraint operating condition are established respectively, and setting structure response output uses
Finite element solving software realization body performance simulation analysis, completes the Performance Evaluation of preliminary design scheme.
3. the vehicle structure lightweight forward design method according to claim 1 based on more performance constraints, feature exist
In the step (2) specifically: establish topology optimization design domain under pre-processing software, define topological optimization target component with
And constraint condition, topological optimization solution is carried out, the material distribution situation of design section is obtained, finds the typical power transmission road of structure
Diameter.
4. the vehicle structure lightweight forward design method according to claim 1 based on more performance constraints, feature exist
In the step (3) specifically: update CAE simulation analysis model based on topological optimization result, carry out sensitivity analysis, preceding
Using body structure rigidity property and body structure quality as optimization aim under processing software, extracting material thickness parameter is that design becomes
It measures, establishes and expect thick Sensitivity Analysis, optimize, obtain material thickness sensitivity sequence, respectively to influence performance
It is screened with the pass heavy material thickness for influencing weight, meanwhile, carry out the sensitivity analysis based on strain energy, in body stiffness
Under energy simulation analysis operating condition, region of stress concentration is found, and then determine the weak link of structure.
5. the vehicle structure lightweight forward design method according to claim 1 based on more performance constraints, feature exist
In the step (4) specifically: close weight performance parameter as optimization aim using body structure, carry out sheet metal component topography optimization, determine
Optimal structure and morphology scheme；Optimized model is established, the planform of sheet metal component is optimized, obtains optimal pattern
Arrangement.
6. the vehicle structure lightweight forward design method according to claim 1 based on more performance constraints, feature exist
In the step (5) specifically: build the multidisciplinary more performance integrated emulation Optimizing Flows of vehicle structure；According to sensitivity analysis
As a result, screening design variable, then determines the DOE method of sampling and sampling scale according to design dimension size, DOE emulation meter is completed
It calculates；Based on sampled result, the correlation analysis being designed between variable and body performance parameter and different performance parameter.
7. the vehicle structure lightweight forward design method according to claim 1 based on more performance constraints, feature exist
In the step (6) specifically: extract DOE sample point and calculated result, establish radial basis function approximate model instead of vehicle body
Whether the high time-consuming simulation analysis model of energy, verifying approximate model precision meet required precision, increase DOE are needed to analyze if being unsatisfactory for
Sample point updates approximate model until precision is met the requirements.
8. the vehicle structure lightweight forward design method according to claim 1 based on more performance constraints, feature exist
In the step (7) specifically: based on the approximate model that previous step is established, using architecture quality as optimization aim, the more performances of vehicle body
Parameter is constraint condition, carries out Body structure optimization design using global optimization approach, obtains a set of optimal structure design side
Case recalls Finite Element Simulation Analysis model, verifies to prioritization scheme, and Optimizing Flow terminates if meeting constraint condition,
It needs to re-start optimization if being unsatisfactory for constraint condition.
9. the vehicle structure lightweight forward design method according to claim 1 based on more performance constraints, feature exist
In the pre-processing software uses Hypermesh/Ansa, and the finite element solving software uses NASTRAN/Dyna/
Abaqus。
10. a kind of vehicle structure lightweight Top-Down Design system based on more performance constraints, which is characterized in that including such as lower die
Block:
CAE simulation analysis model module: for building body structure finite element analysis model, body performance simulation analysis is carried out；
Topological optimization module: utilizing topological optimization technology, is constraint operating condition with vehicle body bent/twisted rigidity property, is designed
The material distribution situation in region identifies the typical Path of Force Transfer of vehicle structure；
Sensitivity analysis module: utilizing sensitivity analysis technique, carries out strain energy analysis respectively and expects thick sensitivity analysis, finds
The weak link of vehicle body and the design section of Guan Chong；
Topography optimization module: progress pattern muscle/dimensionally-optimised determines optimal structure and morphology scheme, obtains optimal pattern
Arrangement；
DOE emulation and data mining module: the multidisciplinary more performance integrated emulations of vehicle structure are carried out and are optimized, to the more performance mesh of vehicle body
Mark carries out integrated emulation analysis；
It establishes approximate model module: establishing radial basis function approximate model instead of the high time-consuming simulation analysis model of body performance, test
Whether card approximate model precision meets required precision；
Optimization Solution module: using architecture quality as optimization aim, the more performance parameters of vehicle body are constraint condition, and it is excellent to carry out body structure
Change design, calls Finite Element Simulation Analysis model, prioritization scheme is verified.
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