CN109057392A - A kind of reinforce uses Construction of Steel Structure method - Google Patents

A kind of reinforce uses Construction of Steel Structure method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109057392A
CN109057392A CN201810995893.6A CN201810995893A CN109057392A CN 109057392 A CN109057392 A CN 109057392A CN 201810995893 A CN201810995893 A CN 201810995893A CN 109057392 A CN109057392 A CN 109057392A
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China
Prior art keywords
steel plate
steel
plate
concrete floor
bolt
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CN201810995893.6A
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CN109057392B (en
Inventor
成勃
姜丽萍
刘伟
韦安磊
丁旭
丁一旭
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Shandong Jian Ke Architectural Design Co Ltd
SHANDONG JIANKE SPEICAL BUILDING ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY CENTER
Shandong Provincial Academy of Building Research
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Shandong Jian Ke Architectural Design Co Ltd
SHANDONG JIANKE SPEICAL BUILDING ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY CENTER
Shandong Provincial Academy of Building Research
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Priority to CN201810995893.6A priority Critical patent/CN109057392B/en
Publication of CN109057392A publication Critical patent/CN109057392A/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G23/0237Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements of storey floors
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0288Repairing or restoring floor slabs

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of reinforcing steel knot construction methods, are mainly used in the building structure strengthening transformation in building science and technology field.Its structure includes steel plate, the steel plate includes plate top steel plate and board bottom steel plate, plate top steel plate is located on the top surface of concrete floor, the board bottom steel plate is located on the bottom surface of concrete floor, plate top steel plate and board bottom steel plate are aligned in the longitudinal direction, and plate top steel plate and board bottom Interal fixation are mounted on the edge at the position that punches on the concrete floor to realize the reinforcing of concrete floor;The conducting wire rigid-connecting device for connecting the two is equipped between plate top steel plate and board bottom steel plate.Steel construction three-dimensional system of the invention is combined as a whole with concrete floor, and anchoring effect is good, bearing capacity and rigidity is available largely improves;Construction and installation are convenient, solve steel plate anchorage problem;It is not take up use space, steel using amount is few, at low cost.

Description

A kind of reinforce uses Construction of Steel Structure method
Technical field
The present invention relates to building science and technology field, specifically a kind of reinforcing steel knot construction method is main to apply In building structure strengthening transformation.
Background technique
In concrete structure engineering strengthening reconstruction project, sometimes because for installation equipment, adding the consideration such as stair afterwards, need It punches on concrete floor.Floor with opening destroys the globality of original floor, reduces the bearing capacity of floor;And it installs Equipment, stair etc. increase the load on floor, it is necessary to carry out reinforcing the safety and applicability that just can guarantee structure.
In national standard " Code for design of concrete structures " GB50010-2010, for new construction, when concrete is existing When pouring reserved opening on plate, hole periphery, which generally requires, adds arrangement of reinforcement, when hole is larger, can add beams of concrete.
In national standard " concrete structure reinforcement design specification " GB50367-2013 not to the rear processing side for setting hole Method, in existing reinforcement means, only Enlargement of Section, surface mount steel plate or complex fiber material (FRP) method can be fitted With.
In existing reinforcement means, there is the method for adding section steel beam reinforcing, this method is that fashioned iron is placed in board bottom, for undertaking The load that plate face transmits, can be improved structural bearing capacity, but this method reduce using headroom, and section steel beam both ends need to add Support.
In existing reinforcement means, there is the reinforcement means of plate surface affixing steel plate, plate top and (or) board bottom steel plate in this method Certain pressure is deformed and generates with the deformation of plate, to improve the bearing capacity of plate, but this method light plate only depends on The deformation of floor and deform, relatively independent three-dimensional system cannot be formed, increasing the rigidity of floor influences smaller, and improves and holds Carry the limitation of power.
And Enlargement of Section inevitably sacrifices use space, the methods of surface mount to strengthening floor slab rigidity increase compared with It is small, and it is limited to improve bearing capacity.
A kind of existing roofing reinforces leak-proof device, makes full use of wafer type flange to add roofing using roof leakage technology Gu the side for cutting hole is converted into face contact by line contact, contact area is increased, to reach board-like roofing resistance to compression and prevent The purpose of leakage;The construction method that pre-stress floor punches in a kind of existing structural fortification adds steel structure on the inside of newly-increased hole Part support pad, installation anchorage and tensioning, the truncation and anchoring of presstressed reinforcing steel when punching for pre-stress floor;It is directed in the prior art Shear wall punching internal has and carries out strengthening reconstruction using angle steel, but shear wall stress is different from floor stress, and its remodeling method Cannot preferably solve because after punching problem of stress concentration caused by floor two sides.
The above prior art, which cannot play, reinforces floor, it is made to increase bearing capacity, and helps to eliminate prestressed Effect.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, in order to make up in concrete structure reinforcement transformation, bearing capacity after concrete floor punches Deficiency guarantees the safety of structure after concrete floor punches, applicability, and the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of reinforcing steel Structure space system and construction method.
It includes: a kind of reinforcing steel construction three-dimensional system that the present invention, which solves the technical solution that its technical problem is taken, packet Steel plate is included, the steel plate includes plate top steel plate and board bottom steel plate, and plate top steel plate is located on the top surface of concrete floor, described Board bottom steel plate is located on the bottom surface of concrete floor, and plate top steel plate and board bottom steel plate are aligned in the longitudinal direction, plate top steel Plate and board bottom Interal fixation are mounted on the edge at the position that punches on the concrete floor to realize the reinforcing of concrete floor; The conducting wire rigid-connecting device for connecting the two is equipped between plate top steel plate and board bottom steel plate, conducting wire rigid-connecting device is equipped with The bolt cap of two settings symmetrical above and below, bolt cap is in concrete floor, ruler of the bolt cap close to floor top surface or one end of bottom surface The very little size greater than the other end, for the stress concentration phenomenon for reducing junction, spy's setting bolt cap, because of the setting at hole, hole week It encloses concrete floor stress more to concentrate, especially the top and bottom of floor, the bolt cap of the other end is greater than using one end, preferably Stress is distributed in steel construction three-dimensional system by ground by bolt cap, and the service life of flat slab with opening has been effectively ensured.
Angularly consider from economy, practicability and the reliability of connection, further technical solution are as follows: described is rigid Property attachment device be steel bolt, the both ends of the steel bolt are equipped with screw thread, and the steel bolt is also cross plate top steel plate, concrete building The both ends of plate and board bottom steel plate, the steel bolt pass through nut check.
Further technical solution are as follows: the junction of the steel plate and steel bolt is respectively equipped with bolt cap, and the bolt cap is steel plate With the tapered connection between steel bolt, the bolt cap is located at the side opposite with nut, and to be easy to process, bolt cap can be taper, Appearance is equipped with decorative pattern or screw thread to increase the contact area with floor.
In order to further constrain the relative displacement between steel plate and concrete floor, avoid between steel plate and concrete floor Slip destroy, further technical solution are as follows: the junction of the steel plate and concrete floor be equipped with structure glue, the steel bolt with Structure glue is equipped in gap between concrete floor.
Further technical solution are as follows: the steel plate is along the position that punches of concrete floor is unidirectional or bidirectional arrangements.When When concrete floor is designed by one-way slabs, the steel construction three-dimensional system unidirectionally arranged, so-called unidirectional arrangement can be used, i.e. steel plate exists Punch two lateral edge concrete floor effective span direction of position arrangement;When concrete floor is designed by two-way slab, can be used double To the steel construction three-dimensional system of arrangement, so-called bidirectional arrangements are simutaneously arranged transverse direction along the punch surrounding at position of concrete floor With longitudinal steel plate.
In order to guarantee the reliable of consolidation effect, further technical solution are as follows: the both ends of the steel plate extend to locating for it Concrete floor end on.
It is preferable to use bar shaped steel bands for the steel plate of reinforcing.
The present invention solves the technical solution of its technical problem further include: a kind of to reinforce the construction party for using steel construction three-dimensional system Method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1): the position line of the outside setting steel plate installation site at the position that punches on concrete floor;
Step 2): steel plate, the steel of floor top surface are respectively provided in the top and bottom of concrete floor according to the position line Plate is plate top steel plate, and the steel plate of soffit is board bottom steel plate;
Step 3): plate top steel plate, concrete floor and board bottom steel plate are fixed with one by conducting wire rigid-connecting device.
Further technical solution are as follows: pass through steel bolt and knot between plate top steel plate, concrete floor and board bottom steel plate Structure glue is connected, connection method the following steps are included:
Step a: need to install on concrete floor steel plate position drilling, also drill out on the steel plate same diameter and Away from hole;
Step b: it needs to install the position of steel plate on polishing concrete floor, reaches the requirement of affixing steel plate;
Step c: it derusts in the adhesive surface of steel plate;
Step d: pasting boards bottom steel plate is connected steel bolt and board bottom steel plate using tapered plug cap, then Xiang Gangshuan and mixed Injecting structure glue between the hole of steel bolt, then pasting boards top steel plate are installed, and using bolt cap connection steel bolt and Ban Ding on solidifying Tulou plate Steel plate, tapered connection of the bolt cap between steel plate and steel bolt.
In order to play optimal consolidation effect, further technical solution are as follows: the position line is located at concrete floor On punch position outside 50mm~100mm position.
To guarantee not influenced by existing reinforcing bar in boring procedure, further technical solution are as follows: in the step a, mixed Big 4mm~the 6mm of diameter of the aperture ratio steel bolt to drill on solidifying Tulou plate, spacing are 1~3 of bar spacing in concrete floor Times.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, steel construction three-dimensional system and concrete floor being combined as a whole by conducting wire rigid-connecting device, anchoring effect is good, Bearing capacity and rigidity is available largely improves;Meanwhile construction method strong operability of the invention, easy for installation, solution It has determined steel plate anchorage problem, has not increased the section of concrete floor, be not take up use space, steel using amount is few, at low cost.
2, in addition relative displacement of the conducting wire rigid-connecting device operative constraint between steel plate and concrete is provided with structure glue, keeps away The slippage exempted between steel plate and concrete destroys, and steel construction three-dimensional system passes through structure glue and conducting wire rigid-connecting device and concrete building Plate is combined closely, and the entirety of common stress is formed, and structure bearing capacity and stiffness has been significantly increased.
3, steel construction three-dimensional system of the invention, structure is simple, using the bolt cap of taper, can preferably solve because excavating hole Mouthful, lead to the problems in two middle side part slab stress collection of hole, implementation easy to spread.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the main view of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic perspective view of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic cross-sectional view after steel plate of the embodiment of the present invention and concrete floor assembling;
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram that the embodiment of the present invention is unidirectionally arranged;
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of bidirectional arrangements of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of steel plate of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of steel of embodiment of the present invention bolt, bolt cap and nut;
Fig. 8 (a)~Fig. 8 (d) is the force analysis figure of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the load-deflection curves figure of the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure: 1 steel plate, 2 steel bolts, 3 bolt caps, 4 nuts, 5 concrete floors, 6 punch position, 7 mounting holes.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification:
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, a kind of reinforce uses steel construction three-dimensional system, including steel plate 1, the steel plate include plate Top steel plate and board bottom steel plate, plate top steel plate are located on the top surface of concrete floor 5, and the board bottom steel plate is located at concrete building On the bottom surface of plate 5, plate top steel plate and board bottom steel plate are aligned in the longitudinal direction, plate top steel plate and the installation of board bottom Interal fixation Punch on the concrete floor 5 position 6 edge to realize the reinforcing of concrete floor 5.
Steel plate 1 and concrete floor 5 are attached by steel bolt 2, bolt cap 3 and nut 4, as shown in fig. 6, setting on steel plate 1 There is the mounting hole 7 passed through for steel bolt 2, meanwhile, the hole passed through for steel bolt 2 also is provided on concrete floor 5.As shown in fig. 7, described Steel bolt 2 is stud, and nut 4 is equipped with the screw thread matched with steel bolt 2, and steel bolt 2 is also cross plate top steel plate, concrete floor 5 It with board bottom steel plate, and is locked at both ends by nut 4, tapered connection of the bolt cap 3 between steel plate 1 and steel bolt 2 can reduce connection The stress concentration phenomenon at place, the bolt cap 3 are located at the side opposite with nut 4.
The junction of steel plate 1 and concrete floor 5 is equipped with structure glue, in the gap between steel bolt 2 and concrete floor 5 Filled with structure glue.Steel construction three-dimensional system is combined closely by structure glue and steel bolt 2 with concrete floor 5, formation jointly by Structure bearing capacity and stiffness has been significantly increased in the entirety of power.
When concrete floor 5 is designed by one-way slabs, the steel construction three-dimensional system unidirectionally arranged, so-called unidirectional cloth can be used It sets, i.e., steel plate is transversely or longitudinally arranged along the punch opposite edge of any two at position 6 of concrete floor 5, such as Fig. 4 institute Show;When concrete floor is designed by 5 two-way slabs, the steel construction three-dimensional system of bidirectional arrangements can be used, so-called bidirectional arrangements, i.e., It is simutaneously arranged horizontal and vertical steel plate along the punch surrounding at position 6 of concrete floor 5, as shown in Figure 5.
The both ends of the steel plate 1 extend on the end of the concrete floor 5 locating for it, and the steel plate 1 of reinforcing preferably makes With bar shaped steel band.
The construction method of the present embodiment is, comprising the following steps:
Reinforcing preparation is carried out first:
Step 1): the spots localization to be punched of concrete floor 5 is determined into coagulation by consulting drawing and on-site land survey The specification, model, quantity and sectional area of vertically and horizontally reinforcing bar are truncated when Tulou plate 5 punches;
Step 2): vertically and horizontally by equal principle to replace by force, and consider influence and certain safety that the drilling of steel plate 1 weakens Redundancy determines the sectional area of board bottom steel plate;
Step 3): plate top steel plate specification and sectional area and board bottom steel plate comparable configuration;
Step 4): the both ends of newly-increased board bottom steel plate and plate top steel plate should extend on the end of concrete floor 5.
After reinforcing is ready to complete, the installation of three-dimensional system is carried out:
Step 5): in the position for punching 6 outside 50mm~100mm of position, the position line of 1 installation site of steel plate is set, is hung down Straight concrete floor 5 drills, the 2 big 4mm~6mm of diameter of aperture ratio steel bolt, and spacing is 1~3 times of bar spacing in concrete slab, 150mm~400mm generally is taken, to guarantee not influenced by existing reinforcing bar in boring procedure;
Step 6): it needs to install the position of steel plate 1 on polishing concrete floor 5, reaches the requirement of affixing steel plate 1;
Step 7): it is respectively provided with steel plate 1 in the floor top surface on 6 periphery of position that punches and soffit, and in upper layer and lower layer steel It is connected between plate 1 using several steel bolts 2 across concrete floor 5, sectional dimension, length and the floor span of steel plate 1, floor are opened Hole size is related, should determine by calculating, to guarantee that anti-bending bearing capacity and the bending stiffness of steel construction three-dimensional system are not less than The original concrete floor in hole;
Step 8): drilling on steel plate 1, to install steel bolt 2, coagulation in the mounting hole 7 drilled out on steel plate 1 and step 5) The bore dia and spacing drilled out on Tulou plate 5 is equal, derusts in the adhesive surface of steel plate;
Step 9): configuration structure glue, structure glue use existing structure glue, are configured according to operation instruction;
Step 10): structure glue is uniformly applied on adhesive surface, pasting boards bottom steel plate, using bolt cap 3 by steel bolt 2 and plate Bottom steel plate connects, and then to injecting structure glue between plate hole and steel bolt 2, then pasting boards top steel plate, and connects steel using bolt cap 3 Bolt 2 and plate top steel plate form steel construction three-dimensional system, are reinforced using steel construction three-dimensional system to the concrete floor 5 after punching.
Stress condition of the invention is analyzed below, which carries out by taking the three-dimensional system unidirectionally arranged as an example Illustrate, ruggedized construction form is as shown in Figure 4:
Assuming that slab thickness is h, for effective span direction (concrete floor length direction), the opening width that punches is B, truncation main reinforcement sectional area are nAs, compare floor with opening and carry out bearing capacity change and stiffness variation after reinforcement using the present invention.
One, bearing capacity change:
Floor anti-bending bearing capacity loses about after punching are as follows:
M0=0.85fy·nAs·h0
In formula: fyFor the tensile strength of reinforcing bar in concrete floor 5;
h0For the calculated thickness of concrete floor, the i.e. distance on plate top to reinforcing bar centroid.
When using steel construction three-dimensional system, steel plate model-t × b (- indicate that steel plate, t indicate that thickness, b indicate width), Then totally two pieces of hole both side plate bottom steel plate, can be improved bearing capacity are as follows:
In formula: the tensile strength of f expression steel plate 1.
Two, stiffness variation:
The advantageous effect for not considering reinforcing bar is removed original concrete building panel stiffness at hole are as follows:
In formula: EcFor the elasticity modulus of concrete floor;
I0For the second moment of area of tranformed section of concrete floor.
It is unidirectionally arranged as example with steel plate 1, when using steel construction three-dimensional system, steel plate model-b × t, totally four pieces of steel plate 1, The then rigidity that hole two sides steel plate 1 provides are as follows:
In formula: EsFor the elasticity modulus of steel plate;
I1For the second moment of area of tranformed section for the three-dimensional system that steel plate is constituted.
Three, reinforcement criteria:
Meet the bearing capacity and stiffness that improves after reinforcing be not less than the original concrete floor bearing capacity for removing hole and Rigidity.For one-way slabs, single Impact direction can be only considered;For two-way slab, it is considered as the stress in two span directions.
That is: the condition that the reinforcing steel construction three-dimensional system needs of setting meet are as follows:
M1≥M0
Es·I1≥Ec·I0
When determining the sectional dimension and length of steel plate, steel plate is made to meet the condition.
Still by taking the three-dimensional system unidirectionally arranged as an example, the present invention is made below with reference to implementation result of the invention further Description:
One, experimental study:
Concrete building span of slab 4200mm, width 2000mm.Using C30 concrete, plate thickness 120mm, internal 10@of arrangement of reinforcement 100 (bar diameter 10mm, bar spacing 100mm).Quasi- punch width 1000mm, length (span direction) 2000mm, by unidirectional Plate stress considers.Using steel construction three-dimensional system carry out reinforcement and strengthening, steel plate model Q235, having a size of-t × b=-10 × 150。
(1) analysis is calculated:
1. floor weakens situation after punching:
As shown in Fig. 8 (a), concrete floor anti-bending bearing capacity is lost about are as follows:
M0=0.85fy·nAs·h0=0.85 × 300 × 10 × 78.5 × 90=18,015,750Nmm
As shown in Fig. 8 (b), the concrete building flexural rigidity of a plate is lost about are as follows:
2. carrying out reinforcement and strengthening, steel plate model-t × b=-10 × 120 using steel construction three-dimensional system.
As shown in Fig. 8 (c), bearing capacity is can be improved in the 6 two sides steel plate of position that punches (board bottom totally two blocks of steel plates) are as follows:
As shown in Fig. 8 (d), totally four pieces of steel plate bottom, plate top, then the rigidity that hole two sides steel plate provides are as follows:
(2) measured data
This test test specimen totally three considers that clear span is 4200mm, and plate width is 2000mm, plate thickness by one-way slabs 120mm.Test specimen A is intact concrete floor;It punches centered on test specimen B, span direction 2000mm, plate width direction 1000mm, The concrete floor of reinforcement measure is not taken;Test specimen C is on the basis of test specimen B, using steel construction three-dimensional system of the invention The concrete floor for carrying out reinforcement and strengthening, the reinforcing steel plate model Q235 used in test specimen C, having a size of-t × b=-10 × 150。
By the way of the hierarchical loading of plate top, the bearing capacity and deflection deformation situation of three test specimens are tested.
1. bearing capacity situation is as shown in the table:
Test specimen title Test specimen A Test specimen B Test specimen C
Failing load kN/m 16.0 10.5 35.5
2. deflection deformation situation is as shown in Figure 9.
Two, conclusion is analyzed:
By calculating analysis above, after carrying out reinforcement and strengthening using the present invention, the unguyed test specimen of the bearing capacity ratio of test specimen C B improves 250%, than concrete floor (test specimen A) bearing power increase for not punching 100%;It is acted in plate original design load Under (about 8kN/m), amount of deflection be test specimen A 11%, be test specimen B 42%.Bearing capacity and stiffness is all larger than concrete floor and punches Before, it can satisfy safe handling and require.
Two-way slab force analysis is identical with this, repeats no more.
Structure glue in the present invention is not limited to using structure glue as described in the examples, can also be using other for building Glue.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not whole embodiments of the invention, not to limit The system present invention, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in Within protection scope of the present invention.
In addition to the technical characteristic described in the specification, remaining technical characteristic is technology known to those skilled in the art, in order to prominent Innovative characteristics of the invention out, details are not described herein for above-mentioned technical characteristic.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of reinforce the construction method for using steel construction three-dimensional system, characterized in that the following steps are included:
Step 1): the position line of the outside setting steel plate installation site at the position that punches on concrete floor;
Step 2): it is respectively provided with steel plate in the top and bottom of concrete floor according to the position line, the steel plate of floor top surface is Plate top steel plate, the steel plate of soffit are board bottom steel plate;
Step 3): plate top steel plate, concrete floor and board bottom steel plate are fixed with one by conducting wire rigid-connecting device.
It is connected by steel bolt with structure glue between plate top steel plate, concrete floor and board bottom steel plate, connection method includes Following steps:
Step a: it needs to install the position drilling of steel plate on concrete floor, also drills out same diameter and spacing on the steel plate Hole;
Step b: it needs to install the position of steel plate on polishing concrete floor, reaches the requirement of affixing steel plate;
Step c: it derusts in the adhesive surface of steel plate;
Step d: pasting boards bottom steel plate is connected steel bolt and board bottom steel plate using tapered plug cap, then Xiang Gangshuan and concrete Injecting structure glue between the hole of steel bolt, then pasting boards top steel plate are installed on floor, and steel bolt and plate top steel plate are connected using bolt cap, Tapered connection of the bolt cap between steel plate and steel bolt.
2. construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that the position line is located on concrete floor the position that punches Outside 50mm~100mm position.
3. construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step a, the hole that drills on concrete floor Diameter is 4mm~6mm bigger than the diameter of steel bolt, and spacing is 1~3 times of bar spacing in concrete floor.
CN201810995893.6A 2016-04-15 2016-04-15 Construction method of steel structure for reinforcement Expired - Fee Related CN109057392B (en)

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