CN109056638B - Component type ecological interception facility for slope orchard non-point source pollution emission reduction and use method - Google Patents

Component type ecological interception facility for slope orchard non-point source pollution emission reduction and use method Download PDF

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CN109056638B
CN109056638B CN201810823463.6A CN201810823463A CN109056638B CN 109056638 B CN109056638 B CN 109056638B CN 201810823463 A CN201810823463 A CN 201810823463A CN 109056638 B CN109056638 B CN 109056638B
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biomass charcoal
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刘杨
冯彦房
薛利红
杨林章
刘晓宇
何世颖
侯朋福
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Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/13—Zeolites
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use

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Abstract

The invention discloses a component type ecological interception facility for slope orchard non-point source pollution emission reduction and a using method thereof. The ecological embankment is built by antiseptic carbonized wood, and the bottom of the embankment is planted with preferred grass seeds; the component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is composed of a filter screen, zeolite and a replaceable biomass charcoal bag. The invention utilizes the surplus nitrogen and phosphorus planted in the hillside orchard to promote the growth of the ecological embankment vegetation, and utilizes the functional biomass charcoal and zeolite in the component biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam to adsorb the nitrogen and phosphorus in rainfall and irrigation water collected by the ecological embankment, and the replaceable biomass charcoal bag can be used as a fertilizer for planting fruit trees in the orchard; the purpose of water and soil conservation is realized by utilizing the absorption effect of the ecological dike protection vegetation on the lost soil and water and the physical interception effect of the component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam on the lost soil and water.

Description

Component type ecological interception facility for slope orchard non-point source pollution emission reduction and use method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of slope orchard non-point source pollution emission reduction, in particular to a component type ecological interception facility and a use method thereof, wherein the component type ecological interception facility is used for reducing slope orchard non-point source pollution and water and soil loss and improving nutrient utilization efficiency.
Background
Water and soil conservation in hillside orchard
The water and soil loss refers to the phenomenon that surface runoff is generated by natural or artificial factors such as rainfall or irrigation, soil is washed, and water and soil are simultaneously lost. Soil and water conservation is the prevention and treatment measures for soil and water loss. The main reasons for water and soil loss are too large a slope, damage to ground vegetation, etc. The sloping fields are difficult to be used for grain crop production due to thin soil thickness, poor soil fertility and serious water and soil loss, and are more suitable for fruit tree planting. However, fruit trees are only used as surface vegetation, which is easy to cause 'forest down-flow' and is not beneficial to water and soil conservation. The traditional water and soil conservation method can effectively reduce the water and soil loss problem of hillside orchard mainly by planting grass vegetation, but the grass vegetation grows faster, and if the grass vegetation is not managed and controlled, the grass vegetation is easy to grow excessively, and further occupies barren nutrients in hillside soil. And when the fertilizer (especially nitrogen fertilizer) is applied to hillside orchard, the fertilizer easily enters water area through soil erosion and water loss, thereby causing non-point source pollution. Therefore, water and soil conservation and optimized nutrient utilization need to be considered in hillside orchard. The invention aims to combine various ecological and engineering methods, and achieve the purposes of promoting water and soil conservation of the hillside orchard and optimizing nutrient utilization of the hillside orchard under the conditions of less investment and no increase of environmental risk.
Nitrogen and phosphorus emission reduction of orchard non-point source pollution
China is one of the countries in the world with the highest use strength of nitrogenous fertilizers and phosphatic fertilizers, the nutrient utilization efficiency is low, and the unreasonable utilization of the nitrogenous fertilizers and the phosphatic fertilizers not only increases the planting cost, but also easily causes environmental negative effects such as non-point source pollution, groundwater pollution and the like. Therefore, China proposes the target of 'weight reduction and drug reduction' and plans to use the fertilizer with zero increase until 2020. To achieve this goal, and to keep the yield of agricultural products from decreasing, the nutrient utilization efficiency must be optimized. The soil in the hillside orchard is generally poor in maturity degree, poor in soil fertility and low in soil nutrient content, and fertilizers must be added to utilize the soil resources. Data show that the fertilization intensity of the Chinese orchard is high, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer is even over 1000kg/ha, and far exceeds the upper limit of recommended fertilization by 200kg/ha, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the hillside orchard is generally poor, and excessive nutrient elements easily enter water along with water and soil loss of the hillside orchard, so that non-point source pollution is caused. Therefore, the invention intercepts excessive nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in the hillside orchard by constructing ecological dike protection vegetation, and is used for fruit tree production in the form of green manure. Meanwhile, the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is constructed, the functional biomass charcoal is adopted to adsorb nitrogen and phosphorus in the lost water and soil, and the biomass charcoal after adsorption is also used for fruit tree production, so that the purpose of nutrient cyclic utilization is achieved, and nutrient loss is reduced to the minimum extent.
Biomass charcoal technology and functionalization thereof
The biomass charcoal is an organic substance with rich carbon content and stable property generated by high-temperature pyrolysis of biomass under the condition of complete or partial hypoxia. The biomass charcoal has the characteristics of porous structure, low volume weight, high pH value and the like, is widely used for improving soil hardening, acid soil, soil carbon sequestration and the like in recent years, and is considered to be an excellent soil conditioner. Due to the fact that the biomass charcoal has a large specific surface area and a high carbon-nitrogen ratio, the biomass charcoal has a good adsorption capacity for nitrogen, but is limited by the properties of the biomass charcoal preparation material, and the adsorption capacity of the biomass charcoal for certain specific ions (such as phosphate ions) is weak. In order to improve the adsorption capacity of the biomass charcoal to specific ions and increase the application range of the biomass charcoal, studies have been made to improve the biomass charcoal functionally by using chemical methods such as metal ion loading, acid-base impregnation and the like. The biomass charcoal is used for adsorbing nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff of a hillside orchard, and the traditional biomass charcoal is high in nitrogen adsorption capacity and low in phosphorus adsorption capacity, so that the biomass charcoal is functionalized by loading metal ions (magnesium iron) to improve the phosphorus adsorption capacity.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of integrating a plurality of ecological and engineering methods, constructing a component type ecological interception facility for slope orchard non-point source pollution emission reduction and a using method thereof, and achieving the purposes of promoting water and soil conservation of the slope orchard and optimizing nutrient utilization of the slope orchard.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a component type ecological interception facility for slope orchard non-point source pollution emission reduction, which comprises an ecological embankment and a component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam arranged at the tail end of the ecological embankment; the ecological embankment is built by antiseptic carbonized wood, and grass vegetation is planted at the bottom of the ecological embankment; the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam consists of a preposed grid filter screen, a replaceable biomass charcoal bag and a zeolite layer which are sequentially arranged; the water collection area of each component type ecological interception facility is 100 and 200 square meters.
The ecological embankment is arranged along a drainage ditch of a hillside orchard; the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is positioned at the tail end of the ecological embankment and is not contacted with grass vegetation; the grass vegetation is planted at the bottom of the dike dam (with soil), and the interception dam intercepts and adsorbs radial flow at the tail end of the ecological dike dam.
The grass vegetation comprises leguminous plants, maize grass and vetiver grass, the grass vegetation does not comprise hygrophilous or aquatic plants, and the leguminous plants are one or more of alfalfa, astragalus sinicus and white clover; the seeding density of grass is 5-50 grains/m2About 0.5-5 kg/mu; when the depth of the groove is less than or equal to 60cm, only leguminous plants are planted, and when the depth of the groove is more than 60cm, the seeds of the Mexican corn grasses and the vetiver grasses can be planted except the leguminous plants, and the planting proportion of the Mexican corn grasses and the vetiver grasses is not higher than 20%.
The assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is made of a PVC material; the mesh size of a front grid filter screen of the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is less than 0.5 cm; the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is provided with a biomass charcoal groove and is used for placing a replaceable biomass charcoal bag and continuously adsorbing nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff of a hillside orchard, and the aperture of the biomass charcoal bag is 20-100 meshes by using a plastic net; the biomass charcoal bag of the component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is replaced between 4 and 5 months in spring.
The preparation method of the biomass charcoal in the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam comprises the following steps: 1) collecting branches or weeds obtained by trimming an orchard, air-drying, crushing, and then soaking the biomass material by using a mixed solution of magnesium chloride and ferric chloride, wherein the molar ratio of magnesium element to iron element is 1:1, and the material ratio of magnesium element, iron element and biomass dry matter is 1:10-1:100 w/w; 2) then carbonizing the drained mixture under the condition of limited oxygen, wherein the carbonization temperature is 400-600 ℃, and the retention time is 1-3 h; 3) and placing the prepared magnesium-iron nano modified biomass charcoal into a biomass charcoal bag.
The zeolite layer is arranged above the biomass charcoal tank; wherein the volume ratio of the zeolite to the biomass charcoal is between 1:10 and 1:1, and the volume ratio is adjusted according to the content of nutrients in the drainage water.
The vegetation in the ecological dike is cleaned within 10-12 months every year, and the obtained vegetation is used as green manure and applied to orchard soil for improving soil fertility conditions.
A lifting handle is arranged at the top of the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient intercepting dam; a filter screen is arranged between the zeolite layer and the biomass charcoal tank; an adsorption material groove is also arranged below the zeolite layer and is communicated with the preposed water inlet; the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is also provided with a rear water outlet and an inter-assembly hasp. The front water inlet is communicated with the front grid filter screen.
The use method of the component type ecological interception facility for slope orchard non-point source pollution emission reduction is characterized by comprising the following steps: planting grass vegetation at the bottom of an ecological embankment, mounting a component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam at the tail end of the ecological embankment, and placing a biomass charcoal bag in the component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam; periodically harvesting dike protection grass serving as green manure, and periodically replacing a biomass charcoal bag serving as a fertilizer for planting fruit trees; and periodically cleaning a grid filter screen of the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam and sediments intercepted by the grid filter screen.
Preferably, the ecological embankment vegetation is obtained by harvesting alfalfa, a leguminous plant, in 12 months and applying the alfalfa as a green manure to fruit trees in an orchard.
Preferably, the assembly type biomass charcoal-reinforced nutrient intercepting dam is constructed and assembled according to a design drawing, and the filter screen and the intercepting soil are cleaned once every 2 months.
Preferably, the biomass charcoal in the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is prepared from branches or weeds obtained by trimming an orchard.
Preferably, the biomass charcoal in the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is prepared by the following steps: collecting branches or weeds obtained by trimming an orchard, air-drying, crushing, and then soaking by using a mixed solution of magnesium chloride and ferric chloride, wherein the molar ratio of magnesium element to iron element is 1:1, and the material ratio of magnesium element, iron element and biomass dry matter is 1:50 (w/w); and carbonizing the drained mixture under the condition of limited oxygen, wherein the carbonization temperature is 500 ℃, and the retention time is 2 hours.
Preferably, the biomass charcoal bag of the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient intercepting dam is made of a nylon net, and the mesh size is 100 meshes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention comprehensively utilizes two technologies of ecological dike protection and component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam, can effectively reduce water and soil loss of hillside orchard, realizes the purposes of non-point source pollution emission reduction, soil improvement and fertility improvement and orchard waste recycling, and has lower maintenance cost and no adverse effect.
2) The hillside orchard is thin in soil layer, less in earth surface vegetation and large in gradient, and is easy to cause serious water and soil loss. According to the method, two technologies of the ecological dike dam and the component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam are comprehensively utilized, the lost water and soil are fixedly retained and utilized through grass vegetation in the ecological dike dam, and meanwhile, the component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is utilized to physically intercept the flowing water and soil, so that the water and soil loss of a sloping field orchard can be effectively reduced.
3) Generally, the fertility of hillside orchard is low, and increasing fertilization easily causes fertilizer to enter water along with soil and water loss, thereby causing non-point source pollution risk. The invention comprehensively utilizes two technologies of ecological dike protection and component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam, can effectively utilize redundant nitrogen and phosphorus in the orchard and promote the growth of vegetation of the ecological dike protection. The ecological embankment protection vegetation firstly absorbs and utilizes nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff, and the nitrogen and phosphorus which are not absorbed can be intercepted and absorbed by the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam. Thereby achieving the purposes of reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss, reducing environmental risks such as non-point source pollution and the like.
4) The ecological dike vegetation is preferably legumes with nitrogen fixing capacity and harvested periodically for application to the orchard in the form of green manure. After the biomass charcoal bag in the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is used for intercepting and adsorbing surplus nitrogen and phosphorus, the adsorbed biomass charcoal is used as a fertilizer to be applied to an orchard, and raw materials of the biomass charcoal mainly come from withered branches and patrinia leaves of the orchard, so that carbon and nitrogen circulation of the orchard on a sloping field can be optimized, and the growth of fruit trees in the orchard is promoted.
5) The method has the advantages that a lot of patrinia scabiosaefolia can be generated in the planting process of the hillside orchard, and the patrinia scabiosaefolia is usually treated in an incineration or discarding mode due to the slow decomposition rate of the patrinia scabiosaefolia, so that extra burden is brought to the environment. The invention utilizes the biomass charcoal technology, prepares the biomass charcoal by taking patrinia scabiosaefolia as a raw material and carries out functionalization by loading magnesium and iron ions, and the functionalized biomass charcoal has the functions of improving the activity and biodiversity of soil enzyme and increasing the adsorption capacity to anions (such as phosphate radical and nitrate radical). The purpose of orchard waste recycling can be achieved, nutrient circulation and sustainability of hillside orchards are further optimized, and no environmental risk exists.
6) The design of the assembly type biomass charcoal nutrient-strengthening interception dam provided by the invention can additionally increase the adsorption module according to actual requirements, and provides an application basis for the assembly type biomass charcoal nutrient-strengthening interception dam used in heavy metal pollution areas and organic matter pollution areas.
In conclusion, the component type ecological interception facility for the non-point source pollution emission reduction of the hillside orchard and the use method thereof realize water and soil conservation, reduce environmental risks, optimize nutrient utilization and accord with the concept of sustainable development.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the influence of biomass carbon returning on the yield of a peach garden on a sloping field;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the influence of a component type ecological interception facility facing the non-point source pollution emission reduction of a hillside orchard on organic carbon and total nitrogen in soil of the hillside orchard;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of biomass charcoal on nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of biomass charcoal on soil moisture evaporation;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a modular ecological interception facility for slope orchard non-point source pollution emission reduction;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a modular biomass charcoal-enhanced nutrient interception dam in a modular ecological interception facility for sloping orchard non-point source pollution emission reduction;
fig. 7 is a position relationship diagram of the component type ecological interception facility facing the non-point source pollution emission reduction of the hillside orchard and the hillside orchard.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
A component type ecological interception facility for slope orchard non-point source pollution emission reduction combines a plurality of methods of ecology and engineering, simultaneously achieves the aims of water and soil conservation and nutrient utilization optimization, and has the characteristics of less investment, low cost, sustainability and the like. As shown in fig. 5-6.
(1) The invention provides a component type ecological interception facility for slope orchard non-point source pollution emission reduction, which comprises two main functions: firstly, water and soil conservation; and secondly, optimizing nutrient circulation.
(2) Soil and water conservation is mainly realized by ecological embankment protection vegetation and a component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam. The root system of the ecological embankment vegetation can absorb runoff and soil, and meanwhile, the ecological embankment vegetation canopy can reduce the splash erosion of rainfall on the ground surface. The assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam can physically intercept the runoff sand produced on the sloping field, and the water loss and soil erosion can be effectively reduced through periodic cleaning.
(3) The nutrient circulation is optimized mainly through ecological embankment protection vegetation and a component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam. The ecological embankment vegetation is applied to the orchard in the form of green manure by absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus. The assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam adsorbs nitrogen and phosphorus through a built-in replaceable biomass charcoal bag and is applied to an orchard in a fertilizer mode so as to achieve the purpose of optimizing nutrient circulation.
A component type ecological interception facility for slope orchard non-point source pollution emission reduction comprises an ecological dike dam and a component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam. The ecological embankment is built by antiseptic carbonized wood, and the bottom of the embankment is planted with preferred grass seeds; the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is composed of a filter screen, zeolite and a replaceable biomass charcoal bag, assemblies can be added according to actual requirements, and the water collection area of each interception device is 100-200 square meters.
The ecological embankment is built by anti-corrosion carbonized wood, grass vegetation is planted at the bottom of the ecological embankment and used for intercepting and absorbing surplus nitrogen and phosphorus in the orchard, and simultaneously, soil is fixed and the water and soil loss is reduced. Alternative vegetation includes leguminous plants (alfalfa, milk vetch, white clover, etc.) and maize mexican grass, vetiver grass, and are not suitable for growing hygrophilous or aquatic plants. The seeding density of the grass is 5-50 grains/m2About 0.5-5 kg/mu. When the depth of the groove is less than 60cm, only leguminous plants are planted, and when the depth is more than 60cm, Mexican corn grass and vetiver grass can be bred, wherein the breeding proportion is not higher than 20%.
Installing a component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam at the tail end of the ecological embankment: the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is made of a PVC material; the mesh size of a front grid filter screen of the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is less than 0.5 cm; the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is provided with a biomass charcoal groove and is used for placing a replaceable biomass charcoal bag and continuously adsorbing nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff of a hillside orchard, and the aperture of the biomass charcoal bag is 20-100 meshes by using a plastic net (namely the biomass charcoal is packaged by using the plastic net); the biomass charcoal bag of the component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is replaced in 4-5 months in spring, and the biomass charcoal after saturated adsorption is applied to soil of a sloping field orchard to serve as a soil conditioner so as to improve soil fertility and improve a soil structure.
The preparation method of the biomass charcoal in the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam comprises the following steps: 1) collecting branches or weeds obtained by trimming an orchard garden, air-drying, crushing, and then soaking the biomass material by using a mixed solution of magnesium chloride and ferric chloride, wherein the molar ratio of magnesium element to iron element is 1:1, and the material ratio of magnesium element, iron element and biomass dry matter is 1:10-1:100 (w/w); 2) then carbonizing the drained mixture under the condition of limited oxygen, wherein the carbonization temperature is 400-600 ℃, and the retention time is 1-3 h; 3) the prepared magnesium-iron nano modified biomass charcoal is placed in a biomass charcoal bag and is mainly used for adsorbing and intercepting nitrate nitrogen, phosphate radical and other anion nutrients in orchard drainage.
The component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam needs to place a certain amount of zeolite above a biomass charcoal groove for further adsorbing cationic nutrients such as ammonium radicals, and can prevent the problem that the adsorption efficiency of a biomass charcoal bag is influenced due to floating of the biomass charcoal bag. Wherein the volume ratio of the zeolite to the biomass charcoal is 1:10-1:1, and the ratio can be adjusted according to the content of nutrients in the drainage water.
The vegetation in the ecological dike is cleaned within 10-12 months every year, and the obtained vegetation is used as green manure and applied to orchard soil for improving soil fertility conditions.
The assembly type biomass charcoal nutrient-strengthening interception dam is also provided with a front water inlet d, a rear water outlet e and an inter-assembly hasp f (used for connecting all the assemblies). A lifting handle a is arranged at the top of the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient intercepting dam; a filter screen g is arranged between the zeolite layer b and the biomass charcoal tank c; an adsorption material groove i is also arranged below the zeolite layer and is communicated with the preposed water inlet; the front grid filter screen h is communicated with the front water inlet. The adsorption material groove and the biomass charcoal groove can be arranged side by side. The rear water outlet is positioned above the zeolite layer.
A component type ecological interception facility for sloping field orchard non-point source pollution emission reduction is disclosed, and the processing method comprises the following steps: planting selected grass at the bottom of the ecological embankment, installing a component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam at the tail end of the embankment, and placing a biomass charcoal bag in the component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam. The dike protection grass is harvested at regular intervals and used as green manure, and the biomass charcoal bags are replaced at regular intervals and used as fertilizers for planting fruit trees. And periodically cleaning a grid filter screen of the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam and sediments intercepted by the grid filter screen.
Example 1
The application effect of the assembly type ecological interception facility facing the non-point source pollution emission reduction of the hillside orchard in the Tangshan street sloping field peach garden of Jiangning district of Nanjing city is considered in the embodiment, the slope of the hillside orchard is 12 degrees, the slope length is 30m, the spacing between peach trees is 4m × 4m, the fertilizing amount is about 800kg/ha (in the form of compound fertilizer), the width of the ecological embankment is 80cm, and the depth of the ecological embankment is 30 cm.. the vegetation of the ecological embankment is alfalfa.
TABLE 1 basic physicochemical Properties of Biomass charcoal
Figure BDA0001741890090000081
Example 2 Effect on hillside orchard yield
The embodiment inspects the influence of the component type ecological interception facility for the non-point source pollution emission reduction of the hillside orchard on the yield of the hillside orchard. This example operates in a manner similar to example 1. The results show that the ecological interception facility promotes the peach yield of the peach orchard, and the peach yield can be increased by 12.7% by the method compared with the control without the method (figure 1).
Example 3 Effect on production of abortion Sand in hillside orchard
The embodiment investigates the influence of the component type ecological interception facility for the non-point source pollution emission reduction of the hillside orchard on the production of sand in the hillside orchard. This example operates in a manner similar to example 1. The effect of the present invention on the production of abortion sand in hilly orchard was observed with the consistent treatment of example 1. The result shows that the method has obvious inhibiting effect on the flow and sand production of hillside orchards, and the annual flow rate and the sand production rate are respectively reduced by 68% and 72% compared with a control, which shows that the method is beneficial to water and soil conservation of hillside orchards.
Example 4 Effect on the carbon and Nitrogen content of hillside orchard soil
The embodiment investigates the influence of the component type ecological interception facility for slope orchard non-point source pollution emission reduction on the carbon and nitrogen content of slope orchard soil. This example operates in a manner similar to example 1. The effect of the invention on the soil carbon nitrogen content of hillside orchards was observed using the consistent treatment of example 1. The result shows that the method obviously increases the organic carbon content and the total nitrogen content of the soil in the hillside orchard, and compared with the contrast, the organic carbon content and the total nitrogen content of the soil are increased by 55.9 percent and 84.9 percent, which indicates that the method is favorable for soil curing and nutrient recycling in the hillside orchard (figure 2).
Example 5 Effect of Biomass charcoal on Nitrogen phosphorus adsorption
The total nitrogen and the total phosphorus contents of the runoff of the simulated sloping field orchard are respectively 140 and 3.2 mg/L, the simulated runoff is adsorbed for 2 hours by using 1% w/w BC and A-BC and then filtered, and the total nitrogen and the total phosphorus contents of the adsorbed solution are measured.
Example 6 Effect of Biomass charcoal on soil moisture Evaporation
The influence of common Biomass Charcoal (BC) and magnesium-iron nanometer modified biomass charcoal (A-BC) on soil moisture of a sloping field orchard is considered in the embodiment (figure 4). an aluminum box with the diameter of 5.4cm and the height of 3.2cm is used for manufacturing miniature soil columns, 40g of soil of the sloping field orchard is filled in each soil column, the application amount of the biomass charcoal is 2% w/w, the soil and the biomass charcoal are fully mixed, a treatment without the application of the biomass charcoal is used as a Control (CK), three times are arranged in each treatment, 20m L deionized water is added into each soil column, the weight of each soil column is observed every 12h, and the difference of the two weights is the soil moisture evaporation amount.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalent alternatives or equivalent variations fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a towards ecological interception facility of subassembly formula of sloping field orchard non-point source pollution reduction, its characterized in that: the ecological embankment comprises an ecological embankment and a component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient intercepting dam arranged at the tail end of the ecological embankment; the ecological embankment is built by antiseptic carbonized wood, and grass vegetation is planted at the bottom of the ecological embankment; the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam consists of a preposed grid filter screen, a replaceable biomass charcoal bag and a zeolite layer which are sequentially arranged; the water collection area of each component type ecological interception facility is 100 and 200 square meters; the biomass charcoal is magnesium-iron nano modified biomass charcoal; the grass vegetation comprises leguminous plants, maize grass and vetiver grass, the grass vegetation does not comprise hygrophilous or aquatic plants, and the leguminous plants are one or more of alfalfa, astragalus sinicus and white clover; the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is made of a PVC material; the preparation method of the biomass charcoal in the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam comprises the following steps: 1) collecting branches or weeds obtained by trimming an orchard, air-drying, crushing, and then soaking the biomass material by using a mixed solution of magnesium chloride and ferric chloride, wherein the molar ratio of magnesium element to iron element is 1:1, and the material ratio of magnesium element, iron element and biomass dry matter is 1:10-1:100 w/w; 2) then carbonizing the drained mixture under the condition of limited oxygen, wherein the carbonization temperature is 400-600 ℃, and the retention time is 1-3 h; 3) placing the prepared magnesium-iron nano modified biomass charcoal in a biomass charcoal bag; a lifting handle is arranged at the top of the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient intercepting dam; a filter screen is arranged between the zeolite layer and the biomass charcoal tank; an adsorption material groove is also arranged below the zeolite layer and is communicated with the preposed water inlet; the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is also provided with a rear water outlet and an inter-assembly hasp.
2. The modular ecological interception facility for the non-point source pollution emission reduction of hillside orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: the seeding density of grass is 5-50 grains/m20.5-5 kg/mu; when the depth of the groove is less than or equal to 60cm, only leguminous plants are planted, and when the depth of the groove is more than 60cm, the seeds of the Mexican corn grasses and the vetiver grasses are planted except for the leguminous plants, and the seed ratio of the Mexican corn grasses and the vetiver grasses is not higher than 20%.
3. The modular ecological interception facility for the non-point source pollution emission reduction of hillside orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mesh size of a front grid filter screen of the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is less than 0.5 cm; the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is provided with a biomass charcoal groove and is used for placing a replaceable biomass charcoal bag and continuously adsorbing nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff of a hillside orchard, and the aperture of the biomass charcoal bag is 20-100 meshes by using a plastic net; the biomass charcoal bag of the component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam is replaced between 4 and 5 months in spring.
4. The assembly type ecological interception facility for the non-point source pollution emission reduction of the hillside orchard according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the zeolite layer is arranged above the biomass charcoal tank; wherein the volume ratio of the zeolite to the biomass charcoal is between 1:10 and 1:1, and the volume ratio is adjusted according to the content of nutrients in the drainage water.
5. The modular ecological interception facility for the non-point source pollution emission reduction of hillside orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vegetation in the ecological dike is cleaned within 10-12 months every year, and the obtained vegetation is used as green manure and applied to orchard soil for improving soil fertility conditions.
6. The use method of the component type ecological interception facility for the non-point source pollution emission reduction of the hillside orchard, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, is characterized in that: planting grass vegetation at the bottom of an ecological embankment, mounting a component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam at the tail end of the ecological embankment, and placing a biomass charcoal bag in the component type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam; periodically harvesting dike protection grass serving as green manure, and periodically replacing a biomass charcoal bag serving as a fertilizer for planting fruit trees; and periodically cleaning a grid filter screen of the assembly type biomass charcoal reinforced nutrient interception dam and sediments intercepted by the grid filter screen.
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