CN109044312A - A kind of electronic sphygmomanometer and its blood pressure measuring method based on Korotkoff's Sound - Google Patents
A kind of electronic sphygmomanometer and its blood pressure measuring method based on Korotkoff's Sound Download PDFInfo
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- CN109044312A CN109044312A CN201811003334.9A CN201811003334A CN109044312A CN 109044312 A CN109044312 A CN 109044312A CN 201811003334 A CN201811003334 A CN 201811003334A CN 109044312 A CN109044312 A CN 109044312A
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- korotkoff
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- cuff
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/022—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
- A61B5/0225—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers the pressure being controlled by electric signals, e.g. derived from Korotkoff sounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/02108—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels from analysis of pulse wave characteristics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/02141—Details of apparatus construction, e.g. pump units or housings therefor, cuff pressurising systems, arrangements of fluid conduits or circuits
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/022—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
- A61B5/023—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers the pressure transducers comprising a liquid column
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7203—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/725—Details of waveform analysis using specific filters therefor, e.g. Kalman or adaptive filters
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of electronic sphygmomanometers based on Korotkoff's Sound, including cuff, gas pressure adjustment module, Korotkoff's Sound extraction module, control module, gas pressure extraction module, pulse wave extraction module and display module, Korotkoff's Sound extraction module, for extract Korotkoff's Sound signal and Korotkoff's Sound signal is filtered, denoise and enhanced processing after output to control module；Gas pressure adjustment module, under the control of control module, carrying out automatic inflatable/air to cuff；Gas pressure extraction module is exported for measuring gas pressure signal in cuff, and by gas pressure signal to control module and pulse wave extraction module；Pulse wave extraction module, for extracting the pulse wave signal in gas pressure signal and exporting to control module；Display module is used to receive the input signal of control module.The invention also discloses a kind of blood pressure measuring method of electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound, automatic inflatable/air of the present invention, automatic measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to blood pressure measurement technical field, especially a kind of electronic sphygmomanometer and its blood pressure based on Korotkoff's Sound is surveyed
Amount method.
Background technique
Since British scientist William Kazakhstan dimension in 1628 finds blood pressure for the first time by the bounce of touch pulse, process is several
Century-old development, blood pressure measurement technology is increasingly advanced, and sphygmomanometer is also widely used in medical institutions and family.
Blood pressure is an important physiological parameter of human body, and normal pressure value is the necessary condition for maintaining normal activities.If blood pressure
Too low, oxygen cannot be taken to each histoorgan of body by blood, can make one body-sensing to situations such as giddy, limbs fatigues；If long
Phase lasting hypertension can make heart, Vascular overload, and the generation of many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases can be caused when serious.Blood pressure measurement
It is to prevent and treat the first step of hypertension, therefore it is particularly important to can be convenient accurately measurement blood pressure.
Blood pressure measurement is divided into two kinds, directly surveys pressure and surveys pressure indirectly, is to face wherein surveying the history that pressure has had many years indirectly
The most frequently used, most common pressure testing method during bed diagnosis.In Techniques of Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement, Korotkoff's Sound method (i.e. stethoscopy) and
Oscillographic method is the two methods being widely used, wherein each medical institutions generally use the mercurial sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound method,
And the electronic sphygmomanometer based on oscillographic method is then mainly used by family.But both traditional sphygmomanometers still have when measuring blood pressure
Respective advantage and disadvantage.Mercurial sphygmomanometer is based on Korotkoff's Sound method principle, can accurately measure blood pressure, be blood pressure measurement generally acknowledged in the world
" goldstandard ".But mercurial sphygmomanometer measurement needs professional training；It needs manually inflate, artificial readings, be completely dependent on people's when measurement
Vision is listened, still has room for improvement in precision；There are mercury pollution, European and American developed countries have been forbidden to use due to environmental grounds.Electronics
Sphygmomanometer can with automatic inflatable/air, automatic measurement, directly display as a result, it is easy to operate, intelligence degree is high, removal is artificial dry
It disturbs, it is pollution-free.But because oscillographic method electronic sphygmomanometer design principle is unqualified, after testing measurement on a large scale,
The measurement result mean value of average value and mercurial sphygmomanometer is closer to, but individual difference is larger.American Medical Association's magazine
(JAMA) statistics obtains: just because of the error of 5mmHg in blood pressure measurement, it will cause 21,000,000 Americans not receive necessary
Clinical intervention, and 27,000,000 Americans miss necessary clinical intervention.As China human mortality aging aggravates, using hypertension as generation
The chronic disease number of patients of table continues to increase, therefore it is imperative to develop precision height, sphygmomanometer easy to carry.
Summary of the invention
A kind of electricity based on Korotkoff's Sound is provided the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art
Sub- sphygmomanometer and its blood pressure measuring method, the present invention realizes automatic inflatable/air, automatic measurement, and uses free of contamination coloured scale
The blood pressure measuring device that water column replaces mercury to show and use liquid crystal display to show.
The present invention uses following technical scheme to solve above-mentioned technical problem:
A kind of electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound proposed according to the present invention, including cuff, gas pressure adjustment module,
Korotkoff's Sound extraction module, control module, gas pressure extraction module, pulse wave extraction module and display module, wherein
Korotkoff's Sound extraction module, for extract Korotkoff's Sound signal and Korotkoff's Sound signal is filtered, denoise and amplification at
It exports after reason to control module；
Gas pressure adjustment module, under the control of control module, carrying out automatic inflatable/air to cuff；
Gas pressure extraction module is exported for measuring gas pressure signal in cuff, and by gas pressure signal to control
Molding block and pulse wave extraction module；
Pulse wave extraction module, for extracting the pulse wave signal in gas pressure signal and exporting to control module；
Control module, for controlling gas pressure adjustment module, and by the gas pressure signal of receiving, pulse wave signal,
Treated, and Korotkoff's Sound signal is input to display module, and calculates the last measurement result of blood pressure and its result is input to display
Module；
Display module, waveform and blood for Dynamically Announce gas pressure signal, pulse wave signal and Korotkoff's Sound signal
Press last measurement result.
Scheme is advanced optimized as a kind of electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound of the present invention, Korotkoff's Sound extracts mould
Block includes sound transducer and Korotkoff's Sound signal processing circuit connected to it, and Korotkoff's Sound signal processing circuit includes being sequentially connected
Power amplifier, low-pass filter, high-pass filter, signal amplifier, power frequency notch filter and signal be lifted device, sound sensor
For device for acquiring Korotkoff's Sound signal and being input to Korotkoff's Sound signal processing circuit, Korotkoff's Sound signal is low by power amplification, 200Hz
It exports after pass filter, 20Hz high-pass filtering, second level amplification, 50Hz trap and signal lifting to control module.
Scheme, sound transducer packet are advanced optimized as a kind of electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound of the present invention
Auscultation head, voice conducting pipe, electret microphone and vibration film are included, vibration film is arranged in auscultation head, auscultation head and electret miaow
Head is connected by voice conducting pipe, and vibration film is used to perceive the vibration of blood vessel and vibrates therewith, and voice conducting pipe is for transferring vibrations to
At electret microphone, electret microphone is used to convert Korotkoff's Sound electric signal for collected vibration and export to Korotkoff's Sound signal
Manage circuit.
Scheme is advanced optimized as a kind of electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound of the present invention, gas pressure is adjusted
Module include air pump, electromagnetic exhaust valve, at the uniform velocity gas vent, circuit driven by electromagnetic means and connection air pump, electromagnetic exhaust valve, at the uniform velocity put
The gas-guide tube of port and cuff, circuit driven by electromagnetic means is for driving air pump, electromagnetic exhaust valve and carrying out automatic inflatable to cuff
Gas.
Scheme is advanced optimized as a kind of electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound of the present invention, gas pressure extracts
Module and pulse wave extraction module include gas pressure sensor, signal amplifier, low-pass filter, secondary singal amplifier,
High-pass filter, three times signal amplifier and signal are lifted device, and gas pressure sensor is used for the gas pressure signal that will be measured
The signal obtained after signal amplifier, low-pass filter, secondary singal amplifier is exported to control module and high-pass filter,
The signal exports pulse wave signal to control module after high-pass filter, three times signal amplifier and signal lifting device again.
Scheme is advanced optimized as a kind of electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound of the present invention, display module includes
Liquid crystal display and free of contamination coloured scale water column, liquid crystal display are believed for Dynamically Announce gas pressure signal, pulse wave
Number and Korotkoff's Sound signal waveform and the last measurement result of blood pressure, free of contamination coloured scale water column is for simulating mercury
Intuitively show the value of gas pressure in cuff.
Scheme is advanced optimized as a kind of electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound of the present invention, air pump is miniature gas
Pump.
Based on a kind of blood pressure measuring method of above-mentioned electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound, blood pressure measuring is taken blood pressure process
In, when cuff inflation to preset atmospheric pressure value, blood vessel of extruding blocks blood flow completely, at this moment sound transducer does not acquire
Then the fluctuation sound of blood vessel slowly deflates and begins with blood flow flowing up to intravascular, at this moment sound transducer collected first
It is several strong, it is the 1st phase of Korotkoff's Sound signal, gas pressure is blood pressure systolic pressure in corresponding cuff at this time；Continue to deflate, sound
Sound sensor gradually collects powerful pulse sound, waits a moment and lightens slowly, until collecting steady normal pulse sound, then
The several first slow uniform to the last sound intensitys that reduce of amplitude that show as by force of pulse become smaller suddenly and no longer change, this is Korotkoff's Sound
The 4th phase, think that blood vessel is not squeezed completely at this time, gas pressure is diastolic pressure in cuff；It is carried out using Korotkoff's Sound signal
Cooperate oscillographic method to identify the Korotkoff's Sound characteristic point of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure when blood pressure judges, and then measures blood pressure.
Based on a kind of blood pressure measuring method of above-mentioned electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound, in blood pressure measurement also
Acquiring pulse wave signal, there is two pressure in the air bag of cuff, as soon as it is the atmospheric pressure for being filled with cuff, another
It is the oscillation pressure of arteria brachialis, this oscillation wave is referred to as pulse wave, which exists with the decline of intracapsular pressure
Changing rule；When pressure is greater than systolic pressure in cuff, endarterial blood flow is blocked by cuff pressure, at this time without oscillation wave
Or the oscillation wave of very little；When pressure is less than systolic pressure in cuff, arteries is gradually expanded, and the amplitude of oscillation wave gradually increases
Greatly；When pressure is equal to artery mean pressure in cuff, the wave amplitude of pulse wave reaches maximum value, with the continuation of the pressure in cuff
Reduce, the wave amplitude of pulse wave is gradually reduced；When the pressure in cuff is less than diastolic pressure, the complete diastole of arteries, this clock pulse
Fight wave wave amplitude maintain reduced levels；According to this rule of pulse wave in cuff, pressure value is judged using amplitude coefficient method；It adopts
In the case where determining systolic pressure and diastolic pressure approximate range with pulse wave method, using Korotkoff's Sound method in systolic pressure and diastolic pressure
Korotkoff's Sound point is found in the range of appearance, to judge pressure value.
As a kind of blood pressure measuring method side of advanced optimizing of the electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound of the present invention
Case obtains by statistical method, shrink pressure point on the left of the pulse wave maximum amplitude 0.46~0.64 at, diastole pressure point is in pulse
On the right side of wave at the 0.43~0.73 of maximum amplitude.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme compared with prior art, has following technical effect that
(1) human ear is replaced using sound transducer (electret mike) cooperation artificial stethoscope of stethoscope substitution to acquire
The Korotkoff's Sound signal of arteria brachialis removes the interference of artificial auscultation Korotkoff's Sound, and removing collected Korotkoff's Sound signal, there are more
Interfere such as: ambient noise, cuff frictional noise, electrical circuit noise automate sphygmomanometer more, intelligent, portability；
(2) Korotkoff's Sound weak output signal, vulnerable to ambient noise interference, this may result in the low of later period algorithm identification feature point
Accuracy rate, therefore the original oscillographic method of electronic sphygmomanometer is retained and (acquires pulse wave signal simultaneously), with its measurement result come
Given threshold preferably extracts characteristic point from Korotkoff's Sound signal, to further increase the precision of blood pressure measurement；
(3) replace traditional mercury using electronic display, avoid the discharge of mercury from causing environmental pollution, reached energy conservation
The target of emission reduction；This display screen can not only show the measured value of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure, and being capable of real-time display Korotkoff's Sound
Signal, pressure signal and waveform of pulse wave signal etc.；Design uses free of contamination coloured scale water column, adapts to hospital doctor
The habit of blood pressure is measured, is used convenient for clinical application.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of overall system structure figure of the invention.
Fig. 2 is minimum system control panel structure chart of the invention.
Fig. 3 is cuff pressure regulating system structure chart of the invention.
Fig. 4 a is Korotkoff's Sound signal extracting circuit flow chart of the invention.
Fig. 4 b is gas pressure signal extracting circuit flow chart of the invention.
Fig. 4 c is that pulse wave signal of the invention extracts circuit flow chart.
Fig. 5 is Korotkoff's Sound sound pick-up structure chart of the invention.
Fig. 6 is free of contamination coloured scale water column structure figure of the invention.
Fig. 7 a is measuring system structure chart of the invention.
Fig. 7 b is Korotkoff's Sound method schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is oscillographic method schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is liquid crystal display display renderings of the invention.
Figure 10 is software workflow figure of the invention.
Appended drawing reference in figure is explained are as follows: 1- auscultation head, 2- voice conducting pipe, 3- electret microphone, 4- vibration film, 5- are led
Line, 6-6~12V micro pump, 7- suction hose, 8- catch basin, the red environmentally friendly essential oil of 9-, 10- Korotkoff's Sound sound pick-up, 11- gas
Pressure sensor.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing:
As shown in Figure 1, present system specifically includes that control module (including CPU, memory and key), gas pressure
Adjustment module, is shown signal acquisition module (including Korotkoff's Sound extraction module, gas pressure extraction module and pulse wave extraction module)
Show module (including liquid crystal display and free of contamination coloured scale water column) and power circuit.Below to the specific implementation of each module
Mode is described in detail.
As shown in Fig. 2, control module of the present invention uses STM32F103RC as master control chip, 12 high-precisions are included
Analog-digital converter and multiple timers etc..It extends crystal oscillator reset circuit and provides clock source and reset for STM32 chip；Extension storage
Device is used to store the historical data of measurement result；Expand is as reset key and measurement control button；Extend three LED light
For power supply instruction, start to measure instruction etc.；Extension LCD liquid crystal display screen is used to show prompt, the Dynamically Announce of measurement process
Measuring signal waveform and the final blood pressure measurement of display etc.；USB driving circuit is extended for the burning of program and pressure stabilizing is provided
Power supply.STM32F103RC controls chip and its expanded circuit constitutes minimum system, for being carried out automatically controlling to whole system,
The conversion of analog signal and digital signal, the filtering of digital signal, the extraction of Korotkoff's Sound signal characteristic point, pulse wave characteristic point
Extraction, the judgement of pressure value and display control of result etc..
As shown in figure 3, being filled using 6~12V micro electromagnetic air pump to cuff in gas pressure adjustment module of the present invention
Gas；Rapid degassing is carried out using the normally opened electromagnetic exhaust valve of 6~12V；It is at the uniform velocity deflated using the at the uniform velocity vent valve of 3mmHg/s；
The XGZP040DB1R type gas pressure sensor produced using CFSensor company to the gas pressure in entire cuff system into
Row measurement；Micro electromagnetic air pump and normally opened electromagnetic exhaust valve are driven using L298N motor driving controling circuit.The module is used to adjust
The gas pressure in entire cuff system is saved, realizes the automation of inflation/deflation and the measurement of gas pressure.
It is Korotkoff's Sound signal extracting circuit flow chart of the invention as shown in fig. 4 a, Fig. 4 b is gas pressure letter of the invention
Number circuit flow chart is extracted, Fig. 4 c is that pulse wave signal of the invention extracts circuit flow chart.Three tunnel signal acquisitions of the invention
In circuit, the filter used is Butterworth second-order active power filter circuit, the filter used, amplifier and signal lifting
Device is all made of OP07 operational amplifier as realization chip.Wherein sound transducer used in Korotkoff's Sound signal extraction module is
Voice conducting pipe 2 is connected using auscultation head 1 and electret microphone 3 is put into what 2 outlets were made, as shown in figure 5, Korotkoff's Sound makes to shake
Dynamic film 4 generates vibration, through the transmitting of voice conducting pipe 2, the acquisition of electret microphone 3,5 connection signal processing circuit of conducting wire, Korotkoff's Sound letter
Number be converted into electric signal is handled by subsequent conditioning circuit again；The power amplifier used is TDA2822, for improving Korotkoff's Sound signal matter
Amount and simple pre-filtering；The 50Hz trapper used is the active second order trap circuit of the bis- T of F42N50, dry for removing power frequency
It disturbs.
As shown in fig. 6,6~12V micro pump 6 is according to driving in the free of contamination coloured scale water column that the present invention uses
The environmentally friendly essential oil 9 of red in catch basin 8 is carried out pump by suction hose 7 according to a certain percentage and risen by voltage, can follow sleeve in real time
It is changed with interior pressure.
Input power is the 5V power supply that control module USB is provided in the present invention.3.3V power supply is exported as the confession of STM32 chip
Electricity；Output 12V power supply is micro electromagnetic air pump, normally opened electromagnetic exhaust valve and micro pump power supply；Output -5V power supply is put for operation
Big device OP07 supplies inverting power supplies.Therefore, in the present invention using AMS1117-3.3 voltage regulator circuit by 5V power supply pressure stabilizing to 3.3V,
It, will -12V power supply pressure stabilizing extremely -5V using LM7905 voltage regulator circuit using CS5171 booster circuit by 5V power boost to ± 12V.
It completes after appealing hardware system, need to arrange in pairs or groups corresponding software systems, carries out below to the workflow of whole system detailed
Subdivision analysis and design software.
The coupling part of each gas pressure adjustment module is sufficiently connected, gas leakage is prevented.Select sizeable cuff
And worn according to specification, the sound pick-up for the extraction Korotkoff's Sound made is placed on above the arteries of cuff lower edge,
To perceive the audio signal from blood vessel.System is manually booted, control STM32 control chip, which issues, starts measurement instruction, system
Start to measure.Firstly, STM32 control micro electromagnetic air pump operates, controls normally opened electromagnetic exhaust valve closing, start to carry out cuff
Inflation.Meanwhile the texts such as liquid crystal screen display " starting to measure "；The maximum for the linear gas pressure sensor that the present invention uses
Journey is 40kpa, and the maximum of 12 analog-digital converters converts voltage as 3.3V, therefore gas pressure extracts the gas that circuit measuring arrives
The corresponding atmospheric pressure value of pressure simulation signal (being denoted as: Pav (V)) is Pav/3.3 × 40 (kpa), is delivered it on STM32
Analog-digital converter, STM32 obtains the gas pressure signal (be denoted as Pdv, be equal to Pav/3.3 × 4096) of digital quantity and by its value
MmHg is converted into according to formula Pdv/4096 × 40 × 7.5 to be shown on liquid crystal display and (be denoted as Pmh (mmHg))；Synchronous use is without dirt
The coloured scale water column of dye shows gas pressure value, it is assumed that it is BH (cm) (i.e. PWM wave duty that water pump, which can pump the maximum height risen,
Water pump can pump the water-column risen when than being 1), the maximum height of water column scale is MBH (cm), what water column scale can be shown
Maximum range is MH (mmHg), then the duty ratio of PWM wave is Pmh/MH × MBH/BH, and STM32 is according to the duty ratio being calculated
Generate the definite value lifting that PWM wave control water pump realizes water column.In entire measurement process, coloured water column follows cuff gas always
Pressure value is shown in real time.With continuing for inflation, air pressure is gradually risen in cuff, until rising to 180mmHg,
STM32 control micro electromagnetic air pump shuts down, and cuff is deflated by the uniform velocity vent valve according to the speed of 3mmHg/s.
During at the uniform velocity deflating, synchronous acquisition Korotkoff's Sound signal, gas pressure signal and pulse wave signal.Fig. 7 a is this
The measuring system structure chart of invention, 10 be Korotkoff's Sound sound pick-up, and 11 be gas pressure sensor；When acquiring Korotkoff's Sound signal, with
The reduction of air pressure in cuff, vessel inner blood be gradually recovered flowing, the flowing of blood is that interruption carries out, therefore produces blood vessel
Life is vibrated and is made a sound.It is mounted on the vibration of the sound pick-up film perception blood vessel above blood vessel and vibrates therewith, sound pick-up passes
Sound tube transfers vibrations at electret microphone, and microphone collects vibration and is converted into electric signal.Because of Korotkoff's Sound signal power master
20~200Hz is concentrated on, so collected Korotkoff's Sound electric signal is passed through power amplification, 200Hz low-pass filtering, 20Hz high
Collected Korotkoff's Sound signal is transferred to STM32 and carried out at data analysis by the processing such as pass filter, second level amplification, 50Hz trap
Reason, obtained Korotkoff's Sound signal are as shown in Figure 7b.Synchronous acquisition gas pressure signal, gas pressure is gradually reduced in cuff, greatly
Cause changes linearly, and obtains waveform as shown in Figure 7b after 10Hz low-pass filtering, signal amplification.By collected Korotkoff's Sound signal
The first sound and last sound identified that the gas pressure value at corresponding time point is systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.But Fig. 7 b
Shown in Korotkoff's Sound signal be ideal state, actual acquisition to Korotkoff's Sound signal there are more interference such as: environment
Noise, cuff frictional noise, electrical circuit noise etc. are added Korotkoff's Sound weak output signal (within ± 50mV), therefore directly to Ke
Family name's sound signal carries out identifying that difficulty is larger, acquires pulse wave signal while acquiring gas pressure signal in the present invention.Because
Pulse wave signal is concentrated mainly on 0.5Hz~10Hz, so will collect gas pressure signal carries out 0.5Hz high-pass filtering, letter
Number amplification, obtained signal waveform shape, frequency substantially conforms to require, but amplitude has part negative, analog-digital converter occur
It can not collect, therefore signal, which is carried out lifting, again makes whole amplitudes be positive number, obtains final pulse wave signal such as Fig. 8 institute
Show.According to the maximum amplitude of pulse wave signal, searching forward at the 0.46~0.64 of maximum amplitude is systolic pressure substantially model
It encloses (as shown in Fig. 8 left-hand broken line), searching backward is diastolic pressure approximate range at the 0.43~0.73 of maximum amplitude (as schemed
Shown in 8 right side dotted lines).In systolic pressure and diastolic pressure approximate range, Korotkoff's Sound is identified, systolic pressure Korotkoff's Sound point determines
For first sound point in 0.46~0.64 range of pulse wave, diastolic pressure Korotkoff's Sound point is determined as 0.43~0.73 range of pulse wave
Then the last one interior sound point finds the systolic pressure sound point determined and the corresponding gas pressure value of diastolic pressure sound point i.e.
For systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.
When acquiring this three roads signal, the maximum conversion voltage of 12 analog-digital converters is 3.3V, therefore gas pressure value
Are as follows: Pdv/4096 × 40 × 7.5 (mmHg), Korotkoff's Sound signal are as follows: collected Korotkoff's Sound signal digital quantity/4096 × 3.3
(V), pulse wave signal are as follows: collected pulse wave signal digital quantity/4096 × 3.3 (V).STM32 believes collected three tunnel
It number is stored by the filtered data of simple software, and dynamic realtime is shown on liquid crystal display, as shown in Figure 9.
When being at the uniform velocity deflated to cuff gas pressure less than or equal to 50mmHg, STM32 controls normally opened electromagnetic exhaust valve and opens, to cuff into
Row Rapid degassing.At this point, STM32 stops the acquisition to three road signals, liquid crystal display stops Dynamically Announce signal waveform, no dirt
The coloured scale water column stopping of dye follows cuff pressure to minimize water column.Then three road signal numerical value of the STM32 to storage
Analytical calculation is carried out, will be calculated as the result is shown in liquid crystal display bottom end, as shown in Figure 9.
Software flow pattern according to the total system workflow design of appeal is as shown in Figure 10.KEY0 key is pressed to start to survey
Amount, system initialize liquid crystal display, key, GPIO port etc., and air pump starts inflation, rapid-release valve is closed.It fills
After gas to 180mmHg, air pump is closed, at the uniform velocity vent valve is deflated, rapid-release valve is closed, after at the uniform velocity 1~2s of deflation, liquid crystal display
Screen starts to draw reference axis, and the synchronous waveform of Korotkoff's Sound signal, gas pressure signal and pulse wave signal is dynamically displayed to liquid
On crystal display screen.The data of three road signals at the uniform velocity deflation course are stored, until being deflated to cuff pressure is 50mmHg,
Stop data storage, stops at the uniform velocity deflating, carries out Rapid degassing.Software filtering is carried out to the signal data of storage, according to appeal
The method of elaboration carries out analytical calculation to systolic pressure and diastolic pressure and the results are shown on liquid crystal display.To this one-shot measurement
Terminate, presses KEY0 key and restart to measure.
Using sizeable cuff, air bag should at least wrap up 80% upper arm in cuff, and cuff abutting is tied to measured
Upper arm, cuff lower edge should be at the curved 2.5cm of elbow, elastic appropriateness, and the stethoscope equipped with electret microphone is put into cuff.It wears
Start to measure blood pressure after wearing cuff.Microprocessor issues the control signal for starting measurement, and control signal control drive circuit makes
Micro air pump operating closes electromagnetic exhaust valve, starts to be inflated cuff.During inflation, microprocessor passes through gas
Pressure sensor module acquires gas pressure value in cuff, and collected gas pressure value is shown on liquid crystal display,
And microprocessor by the digital signal of gas pressure value be converted into according to a certain percentage PWM wave control driving circuit make it is pollution-free
Coloured scale water column on miniature self-priming water pump operating, water column is shown into gas in cuff according to the scale on scale in real time
The value of pressure.When gas pressure is more than or equal to certain value in the cuff measured, microprocessor controls micro air pump and stops fortune
Turn, only has at the uniform velocity vent valve at the uniform velocity to deflate with certain speed at this time.During deflation, measured by gas pressure extraction module
Gas pressure in cuff extracts the pulse wave signal in gas pressure signal by pulse wave extraction module, is mentioned by Korotkoff's Sound
Modulus block extracts Korotkoff's Sound signal, and the three tunnel signal waveforms extracted by liquid crystal display Dynamically Announce, by gas pressure
Value is intuitively shown by water column.When gas pressure is less than or equal to certain value in the cuff measured, electromagnetism row is opened
Air valve carry out Rapid degassing, three road signal acquisition circuit stop signals acquisition, liquid crystal display stop dynamic waveform showing and incite somebody to action
Over the display, microprocessor calculates blood pressure by collected data at the uniform velocity deflation course to the fixed display of the waveform drawn
It is worth and will be as the result is shown on liquid crystal display.
During blood pressure measuring is taken blood pressure, replace artificial stethoscope with sound transducer cooperation stethoscope.Work as cuff inflation
To certain air pressure, blood vessel of extruding blocks blood flow completely, at this moment sensor does not acquire the fluctuation sound of blood vessel, then slowly puts
Gas is until intravascular begin with blood flow flowing, and at this moment sound transducer collected first is several strong, is the 1st of Korotkoff's Sound signal
Phase, gas pressure is blood pressure systolic pressure in corresponding cuff at this time；Continue to deflate, collecting by sound transducer has by force
The pulse sound of power, waits a moment and lightens slowly, until steady normal pulse sound is collected, it is corresponding in the collected signal of sound transducer
It shows as sound intensity elder generation amplitude and slowly uniformly reduces the to the last sound intensity becoming smaller suddenly and no longer change, this is the 4 of Korotkoff's Sound
Phase thinks that blood vessel is not squeezed completely at this time, and gas pressure is diastolic pressure in cuff.Due to Korotkoff's Sound weak output signal and contain
There is more noise, therefore is being carried out cooperating oscillographic method to can simplify identification difficulty when blood pressure judges with Korotkoff's Sound signal, it is more acurrate
The Korotkoff's Sound characteristic point for identifying systolic pressure and diastolic pressure, keeps blood pressure measurement more acurrate.
Blood pressure measuring also acquires pulse wave signal during taking blood pressure.In blood pressure measurement, deposited in cuff air bag
In two pressure, one is the atmospheric pressure for being filled with cuff, another is exactly the oscillation pressure of arteria brachialis, this oscillation wave quilt
Referred to as pulse wave, the wave-shape amplitude have certain changing rule with the decline of intracapsular pressure.When pressure is greater than receipts in cuff
When contracting pressure, endarterial blood flow is blocked by cuff pressure, at this time without oscillation wave or the oscillation wave of very little；When cuff internal pressure
When power is less than systolic pressure, arteries can be gradually expanded, and the amplitude of oscillation wave can be also gradually increased；When in cuff pressure be equal to it is dynamic
When arteries and veins mean pressure, the wave amplitude of pulse wave reaches maximum value, continues to reduce with the pressure in cuff, the wave amplitude of pulse wave also by
It is decrescence small；When the pressure in cuff is less than diastolic pressure, the complete diastole of arteries, the wave amplitude of pulse wave maintains lower water at this time
It is flat.According to this rule of pulse wave in cuff, pressure value is judged using amplitude coefficient method.It is obtained, is shunk by statistical method
Pressure point on the left of the pulse wave maximum amplitude 0.46~0.64 at, diastole pressure point on the right side of pulse wave maximum amplitude 0.43~
At 0.73.In the case where determining systolic pressure and diastolic pressure approximate range using pulse wave method, shunk using Korotkoff's Sound method
Korotkoff's Sound point is found in the range of the appearance of pressure and diastolic pressure, thus accurate judgement pressure value.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound, which is characterized in that including cuff, gas pressure adjustment module, Korotkoff's Sound
Extraction module, control module, gas pressure extraction module, pulse wave extraction module and display module, wherein
Korotkoff's Sound extraction module, for extract Korotkoff's Sound signal and Korotkoff's Sound signal is filtered, denoise and enhanced processing after
It exports to control module；
Gas pressure adjustment module, under the control of control module, carrying out automatic inflatable/air to cuff；
Gas pressure extraction module is exported for measuring gas pressure signal in cuff, and by gas pressure signal to control mould
Block and pulse wave extraction module；
Pulse wave extraction module, for extracting the pulse wave signal in gas pressure signal and exporting to control module；
Control module, for controlling gas pressure adjustment module, and by the gas pressure signal of receiving, pulse wave signal, processing
Korotkoff's Sound signal afterwards is input to display module, and calculates the last measurement result of blood pressure and its result is input to display mould
Block；
Display module, waveform and blood pressure for Dynamically Announce gas pressure signal, pulse wave signal and Korotkoff's Sound signal are most
Measurement result afterwards.
2. a kind of electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound according to claim 1, which is characterized in that Korotkoff's Sound extraction module
Including sound transducer and Korotkoff's Sound signal processing circuit connected to it, Korotkoff's Sound signal processing circuit includes sequentially connected
Power amplifier, low-pass filter, high-pass filter, signal amplifier, power frequency notch filter and signal are lifted device, sound sensor
For device for acquiring Korotkoff's Sound signal and being input to Korotkoff's Sound signal processing circuit, Korotkoff's Sound signal is low by power amplification, 200Hz
It exports after pass filter, 20Hz high-pass filtering, second level amplification, 50Hz trap and signal lifting to control module.
3. a kind of electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound according to claim 2, which is characterized in that sound transducer includes
Auscultation head, voice conducting pipe, electret microphone and vibration film, vibration film are arranged in auscultation head, auscultation head and electret microphone
It is connected by voice conducting pipe, vibration film is used to perceive the vibration of blood vessel and vibrates therewith, and voice conducting pipe is stayed for transferring vibrations to
At polar body microphone, electret microphone is used to convert Korotkoff's Sound electric signal for collected vibration and export to Korotkoff's Sound signal processing
Circuit.
4. a kind of electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound according to claim 1, which is characterized in that gas pressure adjusts mould
Block include air pump, electromagnetic exhaust valve, at the uniform velocity gas vent, circuit driven by electromagnetic means and connection air pump, electromagnetic exhaust valve, at the uniform velocity deflate
The gas-guide tube of mouth and cuff, circuit driven by electromagnetic means is for driving air pump, electromagnetic exhaust valve and carrying out automatic inflatable/air to cuff.
5. a kind of electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound according to claim 1, which is characterized in that gas pressure extracts mould
Block and pulse wave extraction module include gas pressure sensor, signal amplifier, low-pass filter, secondary singal amplifier, height
Bandpass filter, three times signal amplifier and signal are lifted device, the gas pressure signal warp that gas pressure sensor is used to measure
The signal obtained after signal amplifier, low-pass filter, secondary singal amplifier is exported to control module and high-pass filter, should
Signal exports pulse wave signal to control module after high-pass filter, three times signal amplifier and signal lifting device again.
6. a kind of electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound according to claim 1, which is characterized in that display module includes liquid
Crystal display screen and free of contamination coloured scale water column, liquid crystal display are used for Dynamically Announce gas pressure signal, pulse wave signal
The last measurement result with the waveform and blood pressure of Korotkoff's Sound signal, free of contamination coloured scale water column are straight for simulating mercury
See the value of gas pressure in ground display cuff.
7. a kind of electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound according to claim 4, which is characterized in that air pump is miniature gas
Pump.
8. based on a kind of blood pressure measuring method of the electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that
During blood pressure measuring is taken blood pressure, when cuff inflation to preset atmospheric pressure value, blood vessel of extruding blocks blood flow completely, at this moment
Sound transducer does not acquire the fluctuation sound of blood vessel, then slowly deflates and begins with blood flow flowing up to intravascular, at this moment sound
Sensor collected first is several strong, is the 1st phase of Korotkoff's Sound signal, gas pressure is blood pressure in corresponding cuff at this time
Systolic pressure；Continue to deflate, sound transducer gradually collects powerful pulse sound, waits a moment and lightens slowly, until collecting flat
Steady normal pulse sound, then pulse it is several show as by force amplitude first slowly it is uniform reduce the to the last sound intensity become smaller suddenly and
No longer change, this is the 4th phase of Korotkoff's Sound, thinks that blood vessel is not squeezed completely at this time, gas pressure is diastolic pressure in cuff；
Cooperation oscillographic method identifies the Korotkoff's Sound characteristic point of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure when carrying out blood pressure judgement using Korotkoff's Sound signal, in turn
Measure blood pressure.
9. based on a kind of blood pressure measuring method of the electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
Also acquire pulse wave signal in blood pressure measurement, there is two pressure in the air bag of cuff, one is to be filled with cuff
Atmospheric pressure, another is exactly the oscillation pressure of arteria brachialis, this oscillation wave is referred to as pulse wave, and the wave-shape amplitude is with gas
There are changing rules for the decline of intraluminal pressure；When pressure is greater than systolic pressure in cuff, endarterial blood flow is by cuff pressure institute
It blocks, at this time without oscillation wave or the oscillation wave of very little；When pressure is less than systolic pressure in cuff, arteries gradually expands
, the amplitude of oscillation wave is gradually increased；When pressure is equal to artery mean pressure in cuff, the wave amplitude of pulse wave reaches maximum value,
Continue to reduce with the pressure in cuff, the wave amplitude of pulse wave is gradually reduced；When the pressure in cuff is less than diastolic pressure, move
The complete diastole of arteries and veins blood vessel, the wave amplitude of pulse wave maintains reduced levels at this time；According to this rule of pulse wave in cuff, using width
Value coefficient method judges pressure value；In the case where determining systolic pressure and diastolic pressure approximate range using pulse wave method, using Ke Shi
Sound method finds Korotkoff's Sound point in the range of the appearance of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure, to judge pressure value.
10. a kind of blood pressure measuring method of electronic sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff's Sound according to claim 9, feature exist
In, obtained by statistical method, shrink pressure point on the left of the pulse wave maximum amplitude 0.46 ~ 0.64 at, diastole pressure point is in pulse
On the right side of wave at the 0.43 ~ 0.73 of maximum amplitude.
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| CN109497981A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-22 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of Korotkoff's Sound blood pressure detector and its detection method with pulse wave detection |
| CN109717854A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-05-07 | 武汉中旗生物医疗电子有限公司 | Blood pressure measuring method and equipment |
| CN110623649A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-12-31 | 安徽乾旺电子科技有限公司 | Automatic auscultation sphygmomanometer based on Korotkoff sound method principle and capable of displaying LED light beam and digital synchronously and method for automatically auscultating and measuring blood pressure |
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