CN109037778A - A kind of electrolysis additive and electrolyte, lithium ion battery and equipment containing it - Google Patents
A kind of electrolysis additive and electrolyte, lithium ion battery and equipment containing it Download PDFInfo
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- CN109037778A CN109037778A CN201810864532.8A CN201810864532A CN109037778A CN 109037778 A CN109037778 A CN 109037778A CN 201810864532 A CN201810864532 A CN 201810864532A CN 109037778 A CN109037778 A CN 109037778A
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- boron trifluoride
- alkenyl
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of electrolysis additive and contain its electrolyte, lithium ion battery and equipment.Electrolysis additive of the present invention includes at least one of compound as shown in following formula (I), formula (II):
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion secondary, in particular to a kind of electrolysis additive and contain
Its electrolyte, lithium ion battery and equipment.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery is as a kind of novel green high-energy battery, and because having, operating voltage is high, specific capacity is big, cycle life
It is long, self-discharge rate is low, memory-less effect and it is environmentally friendly the advantages that, be widely used in mobile phone, video camera, laptop
In equal portable electronic instruments equipment.
With the energy density proposition in electric car, Wireless Power Tools and military application, to lithium secondary battery
Higher requirement, due to LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2It can be in higher charge cutoff voltage with other nickelic ternary materials
The deintercalation reaction of lithium ion occurs under (being greater than 4.3V), this is that the energy density of raising lithium ion battery brings new hope.
But since the carbonates of traditional lithium-ion battery are easy to decompose under compared with high charge blanking voltage (being greater than 4.3V), this meeting
Cause the efficiency for charge-discharge of lithium ion battery to reduce, cycle performance variation, constrains the further hair of high-voltage lithium ion batteries
Exhibition.
In the prior art, it can be promoted about boron trifluoride complex by the synergistic effect of the electron-withdrawing groups such as oxygen-containing, phosphorus
Lithium ion battery there is no report in the relevant technologies compared with the chemical property under high charge blanking voltage.
In view of this, the present invention is specifically proposed.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electrolysis additive.
The second object of the present invention is to provide the lithium-ion electrolyte for containing electrolysis additive of the present invention described in one kind.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
A kind of electrolysis additive, the electrolysis additive include in the compound as shown in following formula (I), formula (II) extremely
Few one kind:
Wherein, in formula (I), R1、R2It is each independently the alkene of the alkyl of C1~C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, C2~C50
Any one of base or the aryl of C6~C50；R1、R2Upper arbitrary hydrogen atom is optional to be substituted；Alternatively, R1And R2Shape
At saturated or unsaturated ring, on the ring, arbitrary hydrogen atom is optional is substituted；
In formula (II), R3~R5It is each independently the alkenyl of the alkyl of C1~C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, C2~C50,
Or any one of aryl of C6~C50；R3~R5Upper arbitrary hydrogen atom is optional to be substituted.
Preferably, formula (I) compound is such as following formula (i), formula in electrolysis additive of the present invention
(ii), at least one of compound shown in formula (iii):
Wherein, in formula (i), R6~R10Independently be hydrogen, the alkyl of C1~C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, C2~
Any one of alkenyl or the aryl of C6~C50 of C50；Work as R6~R10In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not
Arbitrary hydrogen atom is optional on the R of hydrogen is substituted；
In formula (ii), R11~R14It is independently hydrogen, the alkyl of C1~C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, C2~C50
Alkenyl or any one of the aryl of C6~C50；Work as R11~R14In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not hydrogen
R on arbitrary hydrogen atom it is optional be substituted；
In formula (iii), R15~R18It is independently hydrogen, the alkyl of C1~C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, C2~C50
Alkenyl or any one of the aryl of C6~C50；Work as R15~R18In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not hydrogen
R on arbitrary hydrogen atom it is optional be substituted.
Preferably, in electrolysis additive of the present invention, in formula (i), R6~R10It is each independently C1~C30's
Any one of alkyl, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, the alkenyl of C2~C30 or aryl of C6~C30；
Work as R6~R10In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, it is C1 that this, which is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom is optional on the R of hydrogen,
The alkyl of~C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, the alkenyl of C2~C50 or C6~C50 aryl replaced；
Preferably, R6~R10It is each independently the alkenyl of the alkyl of C1~C12, the naphthenic base of C3~C12, C2~C12, or
Any one of the aryl of person C6~C12；
Preferably, work as R6~R10In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom can appoint on the R of hydrogen
Replaced the aryl of alkyl, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, the alkenyl of C2~C30 or C6~C30 that choosing is C1~C30；
And/or in formula (ii), R11~R14Be each independently hydrogen, the alkyl of C1~C30, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, C2~
Any one of alkenyl or the aryl of C6~C30 of C30；
Work as R11~R14In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this, which is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom is optional on the R of hydrogen, is
The alkyl of C1~C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, the alkenyl of C2~C50 or C6~C50 aryl replaced；
Preferably, R11~R14It is each independently the alkene of hydrogen, the alkyl of C1~C12, the naphthenic base of C3~C12, C2~C12
Any one of base or the aryl of C6~C12；
Preferably, work as R11~R14In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom can appoint on the R of hydrogen
Replaced the aryl of alkyl, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, the alkenyl of C2~C30 or C6~C30 that choosing is C1~C30；
And/or in formula (iii), R15~R18It is each independently hydrogen, the alkyl of C1~C30, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, C2
Any one of alkenyl or the aryl of C6~C30 of~C30；
Work as R15~R18In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this, which is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom is optional on the R of hydrogen, is
The alkyl of C1~C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, the alkenyl of C2~C50 or C6~C50 aryl replaced；
Preferably, R15~R18It is each independently the alkene of hydrogen, the alkyl of C1~C12, the naphthenic base of C3~C12, C2~C12
Any one of base or the aryl of C6~C12；
Preferably, work as R15~R18In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom can appoint on the R of hydrogen
Replaced the aryl of alkyl, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, the alkenyl of C2~C30 or C6~C30 that choosing is C1~C30.
Preferably, electrolysis additive of the present invention includes: boron trifluoride-diformazan ether complexes, boron trifluoride-first
In etherate, boron trifluoride-ether complex, boron trifluoride-propyl ether complex compound or boron trifluoride-butyl ether complex compound
One or more.
Preferably, electrolysis additive of the present invention includes: boron trifluoride-furans complexing, boron trifluoride-tetrahydro furan
It mutters complex compound, boron trifluoride -2,5-dihydrofuran complex compound, boron trifluoride-pyrans complex compound, boron trifluoride -3,4- dihydro pyrrole
It mutters one or more of complex compound or boron trifluoride-oxinane complex compound.
Preferably, electrolysis additive of the present invention includes: boron trifluoride-trimethyl phosphorus complex, boron trifluoride-
Triethyl phosphine complex compound, boron trifluoride-tripropyl phosphorus complex, boron trifluoride-triisopropyl phosphorus complex, boron trifluoride-three
Butyl phosphorus complex, boron trifluoride-triisobutyl phosphorus complex ,-three amyl phosphorus complex of boron trifluoride, boron trifluoride-tricyclic
Amyl phosphorus complex, one of-three hexyl phosphorus complex of boron trifluoride or boron trifluoride-thricyclohexyl phosphorus complex or
It is several.
A kind of electrolyte, which is characterized in that include electrolysis additive of the present invention and base in the electrolyte
Plinth electrolyte；
Preferably, the quality of electrolysis additive is the 0.5~3% of basic electrolyte quality.
Likewise, present invention provides the lithium secondary batteries comprising electrolyte of the present invention.
Further, the present invention also provides the equipment driven by lithium secondary battery of the present invention.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
The present invention uses additive of the boron trifluoride complex as electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery, and the additive is in head
One layer of densification, stable SEI film can be formed in anode and negative terminal surface in secondary charge and discharge process, optimize positive and negative pole surface
Film inhibits the surface-active of electrode, thus guard electrode material, and can inhibit the further of electrolyte and electrode active material
Contact reduces electrolyte bulk solvent (generally referring to carbonats compound) in the oxygenolysis of electrode surface, makes lithium ion
The cycle performance of secondary cell under high voltages is improved.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the invention.It is not specified in embodiment specific
Condition person carries out according to conventional conditions or manufacturer's recommended conditions.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is
The conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.
Electrolysis additive provided by the present invention is that a kind of boron trifluoride and oxygen-containing/phosphorus-containing compound are formed by network
It closes object (complex), structure specifically:
That is boron trifluoride-oxygenatedchemicals complex compound；
In formula (I) compound, R1、R2It is each independently the alkene of the alkyl of C1~C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, C2~C50
Any one of base or the aryl of C6~C50；
Wherein, the upper arbitrary hydrogen atom of R, R2 optionally can for the alkyl of C1~C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, C2~
Replaced the alkenyl of C50 or the aryl of C6~C50；
Preferably, R1、R2It is each independently the alkenyl of the alkyl of C1~C30, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, C2~C30, or
Any one of aryl of C6~C30；
Wherein, the upper arbitrary hydrogen atom of R, R2 optionally can for the alkyl of C1~C30, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, C2~
Replaced the alkenyl of C30 or the aryl of C6~C30；
It is furthermore preferred that R1、R2It is each independently the alkenyl of the alkyl of C1~C12, the naphthenic base of C3~C12, C2~C12, or
Any one of the aryl of person C6~C12；
Wherein, R1、R2Upper arbitrary hydrogen atom optionally can for the alkyl of C1~C12, the naphthenic base of C3~C12, C2~
Replaced the alkenyl of C12 or the aryl of C6~C12；
Still more preferably, R1、R2It is each independently alkyl (such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, the isopropyl of C1~C6
Base, normal-butyl, isobutyl group, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl etc.), the naphthenic base of C3~C6 is (for example, ring
Propyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopenta, cyclohexyl etc.), the alkenyl of C2~C6 (for example, vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, pentenyl,
Cyclohexenyl group, cycloheptenyl perhaps cyclo-octene base etc.) or C6~C12 aryl (such as phenyl, tolyl, ethylbenzene, benzyl
Any one of base, xenyl, naphthalene etc.)；
Wherein, R1、R2Upper arbitrary hydrogen atom optionally can be the alkyl of C1~C6, the naphthenic base of C3~C6, C2~C6
Replaced the aryl of alkenyl or C6~C12.
Specifically, the boron trifluoride-oxygenatedchemicals complex compound can be with are as follows: boron trifluoride-diformazan ether complexes, trifluoro
Change the-the first and second ether complexes of boron, boron trifluoride-ether complex, boron trifluoride-propyl ether complex compound or boron trifluoride-butyl ether network
Close one or more of object.
Alternatively, as in above formula (I) compound, R1、R2Form saturated or unsaturated ring, arbitrary hydrogen atom on the ring
It is optional to be substituted；
Specifically, R1、R2And the oxygen atom connected can be formed five yuan or it is hexa-atomic saturation or unsaturated cyclic knot
Structure；
It is formed by cyclic structure to be specifically as follows: furans, tetrahydrofuran, 2,5- dihydrofuran, pyrans, 3,4- dihydro pyrrole
It mutters or oxinane etc.；
Meanwhile in being formed by the cyclic structure, arbitrary hydrogen atom it is optional can be C1~C50 alkyl, C3
Replaced the aryl of the naphthenic base of~C50, the alkenyl of C2~C50 or C6~C50.
Alternatively,That is boron trifluoride-phosphorus-containing compound complex compound；
In formula (II) compound, R3~R5It is each independently the alkyl of C1~C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, C2~C50
Any one of alkenyl or the aryl of C6~C50；
Wherein, R3~R5In arbitrary hydrogen atom optionally can for the alkyl of C1~C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, C2~
Replaced the alkenyl of C50 or the aryl of C6~C50；
Preferably, R3~R5It is each independently the alkenyl of the alkyl of C1~C30, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, C2~C30, or
Any one of the aryl of person C6~C30；
Wherein, R3~R5In arbitrary hydrogen atom optionally can for the alkyl of C1~C30, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, C2~
Replaced the alkenyl of C30 or the aryl of C6~C30；
It is furthermore preferred that R3~R5It is each independently the alkenyl of the alkyl of C1~C12, the naphthenic base of C3~C12, C2~C12,
Or any one of aryl of C6~C12；
Wherein, R3~R5In arbitrary hydrogen atom optionally can for the alkyl of C1~C12, the naphthenic base of C3~C12, C2~
Replaced the alkenyl of C12 or the aryl of C6~C12；
Still more preferably, R3~R5It is each independently alkyl (such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, the isopropyl of C1~C6
Base, normal-butyl, isobutyl group, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl etc.), the naphthenic base of C3~C6 is (for example, ring
Propyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopenta, cyclohexyl etc.), the alkenyl of C2~C6 (for example, vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, pentenyl,
Cyclohexenyl group, cycloheptenyl perhaps cyclo-octene base etc.) or C6~C12 aryl (such as phenyl, tolyl, ethylbenzene, benzyl
Any one of base, xenyl, naphthalene etc.)；
Wherein, R3~R5In arbitrary hydrogen atom optionally can be the alkyl of C1~C6, the naphthenic base of C3~C6, C2~C6
Alkenyl or C6~C12 aryl replaced.
Specifically, the boron trifluoride-phosphorus-containing compound complex compound can be with are as follows: boron trifluoride-trimethyl phosphorus complex, three
Boron fluoride-triethyl phosphine complex compound, boron trifluoride-tripropyl phosphorus complex, boron trifluoride-triisopropyl phosphorus complex, trifluoro
Change boron-tributyl phosphorus complex, boron trifluoride-triisobutyl phosphorus complex ,-three amyl phosphorus complex of boron trifluoride are borontrifluoride
- three cyclopenta phosphorus complex of boron ,-three hexyl phosphorus complex of boron trifluoride, boron trifluoride-thricyclohexyl phosphorus complex.
Further, boron trifluoride-oxygenatedchemicals complex compound can be following formula (i), (ii) or formula (iii)
Any one of compound:
Specifically, formula (i)In compound, R6~R10It is independently hydrogen, C1~C50
Any one of alkyl, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, the alkenyl of C2~C50 or aryl of C6~C50；
Preferably, R6~R10It is each independently the alkenyl of the alkyl of C1~C30, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, C2~C30, or
Any one of the aryl of person C6~C30；
It is furthermore preferred that R6~R10It is each independently the alkenyl of the alkyl of C1~C12, the naphthenic base of C3~C12, C2~C12,
Or any one of aryl of C6~C12；
Still more preferably, R6~R10It is each independently alkyl (such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, the isopropyl of C1~C6
Base, normal-butyl, isobutyl group, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl etc.), the naphthenic base of C3~C6 is (for example, ring
Propyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopenta, cyclohexyl etc.), the alkenyl of C2~C6 (for example, vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, pentenyl,
Cyclohexenyl group, cycloheptenyl perhaps cyclo-octene base etc.) or C6~C12 aryl (such as phenyl, tolyl, ethylbenzene, benzyl
Any one of base, xenyl, naphthalene etc.)；
Wherein, work as R6~R10In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom can be optional on the R of hydrogen
Replaced the aryl of the naphthenic base of alkyl, C3~C50 for being C1~C50, the alkenyl of C2~C50 or C6~C50；
Preferably, work as R6~R10In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom can appoint on the R of hydrogen
Replaced the aryl of alkyl, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, the alkenyl of C2~C30 or C6~C30 that choosing is C1~C30；
It is furthermore preferred that working as R6~R10In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom can on the R of hydrogen
The optional alkyl for being C1~C12, the naphthenic base of C3~C12, the alkenyl of C2~C12 or C6~C12 aryl replaced；
Still more preferably, work as R6~R10In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not arbitrary hydrogen on the R of hydrogen
The optional aryl by the alkyl of C1~C6, the naphthenic base of C3~C6, the alkenyl of C2~C6 or C6~C12 of atom is taken
Generation.
Particularly, formula (i) compound is specifically as follows: boron trifluoride-oxinane complex compound, boron trifluoride -2- methyl
Oxinane complex compound etc..
Formula (ii)In compound, R11~R14Independently be hydrogen, C1~C50 alkyl,
Any one of the naphthenic base of C3~C50, the alkenyl of C2~C50 or aryl of C6~C50；
Preferably, R11~R14It is each independently the alkene of hydrogen, the alkyl of C1~C30, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, C2~C30
Any one of base or the aryl of C6~C30；
It is furthermore preferred that R11~R14It is each independently hydrogen, the alkyl of C1~C12, the naphthenic base of C3~C12, C2~C12
Any one of alkenyl or the aryl of C6~C12；
Still more preferably, R11~R14Be each independently hydrogen, C1~C6 alkyl (such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,
Isopropyl, normal-butyl, isobutyl group, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl etc.), the naphthenic base (example of C3~C6
Such as, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopenta, cyclohexyl etc.), the alkenyl of C2~C6 is (for example, vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, penta
Alkenyl, cyclohexenyl group, cycloheptenyl perhaps cyclo-octene base etc.) or C6~C12 aryl (such as phenyl, tolyl, ethylbenzene
Any one of base, benzyl, xenyl, naphthalene etc.)；
Wherein, work as R11~R14In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom can be optional on the R of hydrogen
Replaced the aryl of the naphthenic base of alkyl, C3~C50 for being C1~C50, the alkenyl of C2~C50 or C6~C50；
Preferably, work as R11~R14In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom can appoint on the R of hydrogen
Replaced the aryl of alkyl, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, the alkenyl of C2~C30 or C6~C30 that choosing is C1~C30；
It is furthermore preferred that working as R11~R14In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom can on the R of hydrogen
The optional alkyl for being C1~C12, the naphthenic base of C3~C12, the alkenyl of C2~C12 or C6~C12 aryl replaced；
Still more preferably, work as R11~R14In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not arbitrary hydrogen on the R of hydrogen
The optional aryl by the alkyl of C1~C6, the naphthenic base of C3~C6, the alkenyl of C2~C6 or C6~C12 of atom is taken
Generation.
Particularly, formula (ii) compound is specifically as follows: boron trifluoride-tetrahydrofuran complex, boron trifluoride -2- first
Base-tetrahydrofuran complex, boron trifluoride -2,5- dimethyl-tetrahydro furans complex compound etc..
Formula (iii)In compound, R15~R18It is independently the alkane of hydrogen, C1~C50
Any one of base, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, the alkenyl of C2~C50 or aryl of C6~C50；
Preferably, R15~R18It is each independently the alkene of hydrogen, the alkyl of C1~C30, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, C2~C30
Any one of base or the aryl of C6~C30；
It is furthermore preferred that R15~R18It is each independently hydrogen, the alkyl of C1~C12, the naphthenic base of C3~C12, C2~C12
Any one of alkenyl or the aryl of C6~C12；
Still more preferably, R15~R18Be each independently hydrogen, C1~C6 alkyl (such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,
Isopropyl, normal-butyl, isobutyl group, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl etc.), the naphthenic base (example of C3~C6
Such as, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopenta, cyclohexyl etc.), the alkenyl of C2~C6 is (for example, vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, penta
Alkenyl, cyclohexenyl group, cycloheptenyl perhaps cyclo-octene base etc.) or C6~C12 aryl (such as phenyl, tolyl, ethylbenzene
Any one of base, benzyl, xenyl, naphthalene etc.)；
Wherein, work as R15~R18In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom can be optional on the R of hydrogen
Replaced the aryl of the naphthenic base of alkyl, C3~C50 for being C1~C50, the alkenyl of C2~C50 or C6~C50；
Preferably, work as R15~R18In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom can appoint on the R of hydrogen
Replaced the aryl of alkyl, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, the alkenyl of C2~C30 or C6~C30 that choosing is C1~C30；
It is furthermore preferred that working as R15~R18In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom can on the R of hydrogen
The optional alkyl for being C1~C12, the naphthenic base of C3~C12, the alkenyl of C2~C12 or C6~C12 aryl replaced；
Still more preferably, work as R15~R18In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not arbitrary hydrogen on the R of hydrogen
The optional aryl by the alkyl of C1~C6, the naphthenic base of C3~C6, the alkenyl of C2~C6 or C6~C12 of atom is taken
Generation.
Particularly, formula (iii) compound is specifically as follows: boron trifluoride -2,5-dihydrofuran complex compound etc..
As above the compound of any shown structure can be further used as electrolysis additive and be used in lithium secondary battery.
In a particular application, single compound can be used to apply as electrolysis additive, can also made multiple compounds are compound
It is used as electrolysis additive.
Thus, further, the present invention can also provide a kind of electrolyte, and the electrolyte includes basic electrolyte, with
And the electrolysis additive as above arbitrarily formed；
Wherein, the quality of electrolysis additive is that the 0.5~3% of basic electrolyte quality (such as can be, but be not limited to
1,1.5,2 or 2.5% etc.).
Further, in electrolyte as described above, basic electrolyte is to be mixed with to obtain with lithium salts and organic solvent；
Wherein, the organic solvent is cyclic carbonate solvents and/or linear carbonates solvent；The cyclic carbonate is molten
Agent is at least one of ethylene carbonate (EC) and propene carbonate (PC)；The linear carbonates are as follows: dimethyl carbonate
(DMC), at least one of methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DEC) and methyl propyl carbonate (MPC)；
Preferably, organic solvent is the mixed solvent of cyclic carbonate solvents and linear carbonates solvent；
It is furthermore preferred that the mass ratio of cyclic carbonate solvents and linear carbonates solvent is 1:4~2 in the mixed solvent:
3；
Wherein, the lithium salts (electric conducting lithium salt) is lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6), difluorophosphate (LiPF2O2), tetrafluoro boron
Sour lithium (LiBF4), dioxalic acid lithium borate (LiDFOB), trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium (LiSO3CF3) and bis trifluoromethyl sulphonyl Asia
Amine lithium (Li (CF3SO2)2At least one of N).
The preparation method of the electrolyte can refer to as follows:
(a) it will clean, remove water after organic solvent purifying；
In this step, preferably cyclic carbonate solvents and linear carbonates solvent are mixed, obtain mixing organic molten
Then agent is cleaned and is removed water to mixed organic solvents again；
(b) lithium salts is added in the organic solvent after step (a) removal of impurities, obtains basic electrolyte；
(c) into basic electrolyte obtained by step (b), the electrolyte addition of basic electrolyte quality 0.5~3% is added
Agent to get arrive the electrolyte；
Meanwhile in step (b), by the adjustment for lithium salts additional amount, by the concentration control of lithium salts in gained electrolyte
System is in 1.0mol/L or so.
The electrolyte as prepared by the above method can then be further used for preparing corresponding lithium secondary battery, and the lithium is secondary
In battery, then includes: the electrolyte as obtained by method as above, the positive plate containing positive electrode active materials, contains negative electrode active
The negative electrode tab and diaphragm of material；
The positive plate further includes binder and conductive agent, will include positive electrode active materials, binder and conductive agent
Anode sizing agent is coated on plus plate current-collecting body, obtains positive plate after anode sizing agent is dry；
Likewise, will include the negative electrode slurry of negative electrode active material, binder and conductive agent coated in negative current collector
On, negative electrode tab is obtained after negative electrode slurry is dry；
Positive electrode active materials can be with are as follows: cobalt acid lithium LiCoO2, cobalt nickel lithium manganate ternary material, LiFePO 4, ferric phosphate
Lithium (LiFePO4), LiMn2O4 (LiMnO2One of), wherein at least two kinds of materials can also be mixed and be used as positive-active material
Material, such as LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 or LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 etc.；
Negative electrode active material is graphite and/or silicon materials.
In above-mentioned lithium ion battery, the specific type of lithium battery diaphragm is not exposed to specific limitation, can be existing
Any diaphragm material used in lithium ion battery, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, Kynoar and their MULTILAYER COMPOSITE
Film.
And prepared lithium secondary battery can be further used in corresponding lithium electrically-actuated device, and such as: mobile phone, camera shooting
The portable electronic instruments equipment such as machine, laptop；Or the large scale equipments such as electric car, Wireless Power Tools.
Embodiment 1
(1) by cyclic carbonate solvents ethylene carbonate (EC) and linear carbonate solvent methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) and
Diethyl carbonate (DEC) EC:EMC:DEC=3:5:2 in mass ratio mixing, and using molecular sieve, calcium hydride, lithium hydride purifying
Removal of impurities, water removal；
(2) at room temperature, by electric conducting lithium salt LiPF6It is dissolved in (1) solvent that step obtains, the end of electric conducting lithium salt
Concentration is 1.0mol/L, is stirred evenly, and basic electrolyte is obtained；
(3) boron trifluoride tetrahydrofuran complex compound, electricity based on dosage are added in (2) basic electrolyte that step is prepared
The 1% of liquid quality is solved, final electrolyte is obtained.
Embodiment 2-3, comparative example 1
In addition to the following table 1 parameter, the other parameters and preparation method of embodiment 2-3 and comparative example 1 are same
Embodiment 1.
1 embodiment 2-3 of table, 1 electrolyte composition parameter of comparative example
| Main solvent | Additive | Lithium salts | |
| Embodiment 2 | EC:EMC:DEC=3:6:1 | 0.5% boron trifluoride oxinane | 1.0mol/L |
| Embodiment 3 | EC:EMC:DMC=3:5:2 | 1% boron trifluoride butyl ether | 1.0mol/L |
| Comparative example 1 | EC:EMC:DEC=3:5:2 | Without additive | 1.0mol/L |
Embodiment 1-3 and the electrolyte of comparative example 1 are used for LiNi respectively0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/ graphite soft-package battery
Carry out cycle performance comparison.Cycle performance test carries out charge and discharge cycles test to battery with the multiplying power of 1C/1C charge and discharge, fills
Discharge cut-off voltage section is 3.0~4.4V, wherein charge cutoff voltage 4.4V.As a result as shown in table 2 below:
2 embodiment 1-3 of table and 1 electrolyte of comparative example the cycle performance comparison result in lithium battery
The electrolyte that the preparation of 1% boron trifluoride tetrahydrofuran complex compound is added it can be seen from table 2 as above is cut in charging
Only voltage is 4.4V, and 93% capacity retention ratio is able to maintain after lower 150 circle of progress；
Meanwhile the electrolyte of 0.5% boron trifluoride tetrahydrofuran complex compound preparation is added, it is 4.4V in charge cutoff voltage
After carrying out 150 circles, it is also able to maintain 90% capacity retention ratio；
Likewise, addition 1% boron trifluoride ether complex prepared by electrolyte, charge cutoff voltage be 4.4V into
After row 150 encloses, it is equally able to maintain 91% high capacity conservation rate；
And basic electrolyte progress 150 can only keep 76% capacity retention ratio after enclosing.It can by experiment contrast result as above
With it is found that the electrolysis additives such as boron trifluoride tetrahydrofuran complex compound use, can improve lithium ion secondary battery can
Cycle performance.
Resistance increment rate is below after starting internal resistance and 150 circulations by Examples 1 to 3 it can be seen from the data of table 2
Comparative example can reduce the starting internal resistance of battery simultaneously therefore, it can be seen that adding additive of the invention in basic electrolyte
The increment rate for reducing resistance after recycling, further can be improved the circulation volume conservation rate of battery.
Although illustrate and describing the present invention with specific embodiment, it will be appreciated that without departing substantially from of the invention
Many other change and modification can be made in the case where spirit and scope.It is, therefore, intended that in the following claims
Including belonging to all such changes and modifications in the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of electrolysis additive, which is characterized in that the electrolysis additive includes such as following formula (I) or formula (II) shownization
Close at least one of object:
Wherein, in formula (I), R1、R2It is independently the alkenyl of the alkyl of C1~C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, C2~C50,
Or any one of aryl of C6~C50；
R1、R2Upper arbitrary hydrogen atom is optional to be substituted；
Alternatively, R1And R2Saturated or unsaturated ring is formed, arbitrary hydrogen atom is optional substituted on the ring；
In formula (II), R3~R5It is independently the alkenyl of the alkyl of C1~C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, C2~C50, or
Any one of the aryl of person C6~C50；
R3~R5Upper arbitrary hydrogen atom is optional to be substituted.
2. electrolysis additive according to claim 1, which is characterized in that formula (I) compound is such as following formula (i),
At least one of compound shown in formula (ii) or formula (iii):
Wherein, in formula (i), R6~R10It is independently hydrogen, the alkyl of C1~C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, C2~C50
Any one of alkenyl or the aryl of C6~C50；
Work as R6~R10In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this, which is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom is optional on the R of hydrogen, is substituted；
In formula (ii), R11~R14It is independently the alkene of hydrogen, the alkyl of C1~C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, C2~C50
Any one of base or the aryl of C6~C50；
Work as R11~R14In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this, which is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom is optional on the R of hydrogen, is substituted；
In formula (iii), R15~R18It is independently the alkene of hydrogen, the alkyl of C1~C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, C2~C50
Any one of base or the aryl of C6~C50；
Work as R15~R18In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this, which is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom is optional on the R of hydrogen, is substituted.
3. electrolysis additive according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in formula (i), R6~R10Be each independently C1~
Any one of the alkyl of C30, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, the alkenyl of C2~C30 or aryl of C6~C30；
Work as R6~R10In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this be not on the R of hydrogen arbitrary hydrogen atom it is optional be C1~
The alkyl of C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, the alkenyl of C2~C50 or C6~C50 aryl replaced；
Preferably, R6~R10It is each independently the alkenyl or C6 of the alkyl of C1~C12, the naphthenic base of C3~C12, C2~C12
Any one of the aryl of~C12；
Preferably, work as R6~R10In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom is optional on the R of hydrogen
Replaced aryl for the alkyl of C1~C30, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, the alkenyl of C2~C30 or C6~C30；
And/or in formula (ii), R11~R14It is each independently hydrogen, the alkyl of C1~C30, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, C2~C30
Any one of alkenyl or the aryl of C6~C30；
Work as R11~R14In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this be not on the R of hydrogen arbitrary hydrogen atom it is optional be C1~
The alkyl of C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, the alkenyl of C2~C50 or C6~C50 aryl replaced；
Preferably, R11~R14It is each independently the alkenyl of hydrogen, the alkyl of C1~C12, the naphthenic base of C3~C12, C2~C12, or
Any one of the aryl of person C6~C12；
Preferably, work as R11~R14In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom is optional on the R of hydrogen
Replaced aryl for the alkyl of C1~C30, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, the alkenyl of C2~C30 or C6~C30；
And/or in formula (iii), R15~R18It is each independently hydrogen, the alkyl of C1~C30, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, C2~C30
Alkenyl or any one of the aryl of C6~C30；
Work as R15~R18In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this be not on the R of hydrogen arbitrary hydrogen atom it is optional be C1~
The alkyl of C50, the naphthenic base of C3~C50, the alkenyl of C2~C50 or C6~C50 aryl replaced；
Preferably, R15~R18It is each independently the alkenyl of hydrogen, the alkyl of C1~C12, the naphthenic base of C3~C12, C2~C12, or
Any one of the aryl of person C6~C12；
Preferably, work as R15~R18In when to have at least one R base be not hydrogen, this is not that arbitrary hydrogen atom is optional on the R of hydrogen
Replaced aryl for the alkyl of C1~C30, the naphthenic base of C3~C30, the alkenyl of C2~C30 or C6~C30.
4. electrolysis additive according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electrolysis additive includes: borontrifluoride
Boron-diformazan ether complexes, the-the first and second ether complexes of boron trifluoride, boron trifluoride-ether complex, boron trifluoride-propyl ether complexing
One or more of object or boron trifluoride-butyl ether complex compound.
5. electrolysis additive according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electrolysis additive includes:
Boron trifluoride-furans complexing, boron trifluoride-tetrahydrofuran complex, boron trifluoride -2,5-dihydrofuran complex compound, three
In boron fluoride-pyrans complex compound, boron trifluoride -3,4- dihydropyran complex compound or boron trifluoride-oxinane complex compound
It is one or more of.
6. electrolysis additive according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electrolysis additive includes:
Boron trifluoride-trimethyl phosphorus complex, boron trifluoride-triethyl phosphine complex compound, boron trifluoride-tripropyl phosphorus complex,
Boron trifluoride-triisopropyl phosphorus complex, boron trifluoride-tributyl phosphorus complex, boron trifluoride-triisobutyl phosphorus complex,
- three amyl phosphorus complex of boron trifluoride ,-three cyclopenta phosphorus complex of boron trifluoride ,-three hexyl phosphorus complex of boron trifluoride, or
One or more of person's boron trifluoride-thricyclohexyl phosphorus complex.
7. a kind of electrolyte, which is characterized in that include that electrolyte of any of claims 1-6 adds in the electrolyte
Add agent and basic electrolyte；
Preferably, the quality of electrolysis additive is the 0.5~3% of basic electrolyte quality.
8. the lithium secondary battery comprising electrolyte described in claim 7.
9. the equipment driven by lithium secondary battery according to any one of claims 8.
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