CN102569889A - Non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion battery, and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion battery, and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN102569889A CN102569889A CN2012100252963A CN201210025296A CN102569889A CN 102569889 A CN102569889 A CN 102569889A CN 2012100252963 A CN2012100252963 A CN 2012100252963A CN 201210025296 A CN201210025296 A CN 201210025296A CN 102569889 A CN102569889 A CN 102569889A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a lithium ion battery with excellent cycle life performance and high temperature storage performance, and a non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium ion battery. The non-aqueous electrolyte contains a lithium salt, an organic solvent and additives, wherein the additives comprise coumarin represented by a structural formula I, a derivative of the coumarin, and a halogenated cyclic carbonate represented by a structural formula II, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, halogenated alkyl or alkoxy, R7, R8, R9 and R10 are independently selected from hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl or halogenated alkyl, and at least one of R7, R8, R9 and R10 is selected from halogen atom.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrochemical field, relate in particular to field of lithium ion secondary.
Background technology
In recent years, portable type electronic product, camera for example, DV, mobile phone, notebook computers etc. are widely used in daily life, and strong request are arranged towards reducing size, and weight is lighter, more long-life trend development.Therefore, require to develop the portable power source that matches with portable type electronic product, the lightweight secondary cell of high-energy-density especially can be provided.With lead-acid battery, nickel-cadmium cell, Ni-MH battery is compared, and characteristics such as lithium ion battery is big because of its energy density, operating voltage is high, the life-span is long, environmental protection are widely used in the above-mentioned portable battery product.
The core component of lithium ion battery comprises positive pole, negative pole, electrolyte and barrier film.Positive pole mainly is the transition metal oxide of lithium, and negative pole mainly is a material with carbon element.Lithium ion battery is under fully charged state, with Li/Li
+Be reference electrode, anodal current potential is usually above 4.2V, and the current potential of negative pole is usually near 0V.Therefore used electrolyte must be non-aqueous solution electrolysis liquid, and electrochemical stability window is enough wide, and significant decomposition reaction does not take place on both positive and negative polarity.Through the years of researches exploitation; Mixture with cyclic carbonate (like ethylene carbonate (EC)) and linear carbonate (like dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC)) is a solvent; With lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6) be the electrolyte of solute because conductivity is high, and can form stable passivating film on the both positive and negative polarity surface and stop the decomposition of solvent and in the commercialization lithium ion battery, obtained using and being in always leading position.
Lithium ion battery is in the initial charge process, and lithium ion takes off embedding and comes out from the lithium metal oxide as cathode active material, and the anode migration is slipped in the material with carbon element as anode active material then under the driving of voltage.In this process, electrolyte and carbon anode surface react, and produce materials such as alkyl lithium carbonate, thereby form one deck passivating film on the carbon anode surface, and this passivating film is referred to as solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film.Because no matter be charging or discharge, lithium ion must pass through this layer SEI film, so the performance of SEI film has determined many performances (like cycle performance, high-temperature behavior, high rate performance) of battery.
The SEI film can stop the further decomposition of electrolyte solvent after initial charge forms, and in charge and discharge cycles subsequently, forms ion channel.Yet; Along with the carrying out that discharges and recharges; Expansion and contraction repeatedly can take place in material with carbon element, causes the SEI film to break or dissolving gradually, and the exposed anode continuation reacts with electrolyte and forms new SEI film thereupon; Produce gas simultaneously, thereby the interior pressure of increase battery also reduces the cycle life characteristics of battery greatly.The kind of the carbonic ester that uses according to electrolyte and the type of anode active material, the gas of generation mainly comprises CO, CO
2, CH
4, C
2H
6Deng.
In order to address this problem, people attempt in electrolyte, adding minor amounts of additives and improve the SEI film, improve the performance of lithium ion battery with expectation.
The halo carbonic ester can have precedence over solvent in negative terminal surface generation reduction reaction in the initial charge process, suppress the further decomposition of solvent, has improved the stability of SEI film simultaneously, thereby has improved the cycle performance of battery.
For example publication number is: CN 1532986A; Name is called to disclose in the one Chinese patent application of " nonaqueous electrolytic solution and the lithium secondary battery that uses it " is a kind ofly adding halogenated cyclic carbonic ester shown in (structural formula II I) in the higher boiling point electrolyte; To reach the discharge that improves lithium secondary battery; Low temperature, and cycle life characteristics.
But; Though simple interpolation halogenated cyclic carbonic ester can improve the cycle performance of battery, when high-temperature storage, because the halogenated cyclic carbonic ester decomposes at the metal oxide surface as positive active material easily; Cause the battery inflatable, had a strong impact on the use and the security performance of battery.Therefore, need to seek other additives and the combination of halogenated cyclic carbonic ester, suppress its decomposition reaction on the positive active material surface.
The inventor herein has proposed the employing coumarin kind compound through creationary research, in formation process, forms one deck passivating film as thin as a wafer on the positive active material surface, suppresses the scheme that the halogenated cyclic carbonic ester decomposes, and has obtained good effect.
Coumarin kind compound has bibliographical information as the additive of lithium-ion battery electrolytes, as: put down in writing among the TOHKEMY 2000-156243, use cumarin to make overcharging additive, improve the over-charging of battery performance; Put down in writing among the TOHKEMY 2007-12507, use cumarin to make additive, can improve cell voltage, improve efficiency for charge-discharge and improve battery performance.But these documents are not all mentioned and are adopted coumarin kind compound to form passivating film on the positive active material surface to suppress the decomposition of halo carbonic ester at positive pole, and those skilled in the art can not be from the completion the present invention that directly gains enlightenment of these documents.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind ofly to have the good cycle life performance and the lithium ion battery of high-temperature storage performance, and this lithium ion battery is used nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
For realizing the foregoing invention purpose, the invention provides a kind of non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell, said non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell contains: lithium salts, organic solvent and additive,
Said additive comprises cumarin and derivative thereof shown in structural formula I:
Wherein, R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4, R
5And R
6Be independently from each other hydrogen, halogen, the alkyl of 1-4 C atom, the alkoxyl of the haloalkyl of 1-4 C atom or 1-4 C atom;
And shown in structural formula II the halogenated cyclic carbonic ester:
Wherein, R wherein
7, R
8, R
9And R
10Be independently from each other hydrogen atom, halogen atom, the alkyl of 1-4 C atom, or the haloalkyl of 1-4 C atom, and R
7, R
8, R
9And R
10In at least one is selected from halogen atom.
R
1～R
6Can be selected from :-CH
3,-CH
2Cl ,-CH
2Br ,-CH
2I ,-OCH
3,-CH
2CH
3,-CHClCH
3,-CH
2CH
2I ,-OCH
2CH
3,-CH
2CH
2CHBr ,-CH
2CH
2CH
3,-CH (CH
3)
2,-OCH
2CH
2CH
3,-CH (CH
2F) CH
3,-CH
2CH
2CH
2CH
3,-C (CH
3)
3,-CH (CH
3) CH
2CH
3,-CH
2CH
2CHFCH
3,-OCH (CH
3) CH
2CH
3,-CH
2CH (CH
3)
2,-CH
2CH (CH
2Cl) CH
3Deng;
R
7～R
10Can be selected from :-CH
3,-CH
2Cl ,-CH
2Br ,-CH
2I ,-CH
2CH
3,-CHClCH
3,-CH
2CH
2I, ,-CH
2CH
2CHBr ,-CH
2CH
2CH
3,-CH (CH
3)
2,-CH (CH
2F) CH
3,-CH
2CH
2CH
2CH
3,-C (CH
3)
3,-CH (CH
3) CH
2CH
3,-CH
2CH
2CHFCH
3,-CH
2CH (CH
3)
2,-CH
2CH (CH
2Cl) CH
3Deng.
Cumarin shown in the structural formula I and derivative thereof preferably from:
Cumarin, 3-methylcoumarin, 4-methylcoumarin, 6-Methylcoumarin, 7-methylcoumarin, ayapanin, 6; 7-escoparone, 5; 7-escoparone, 7-ethyoxyl-4-methylcoumarin, 7-ethyoxyl-4 (trifluoromethyl) cumarin, 6, one or more in 7-ethyoxyl-4 (trifluoromethyl) cumarin.
Cumarin and derivative thereof the content in electrolyte is preferably 0.1%-3% by the total weight of electrolyte.The amount of adding cumarin is very few, can't form diaphragm on the anode surface, just can not play a protective role; The amount of adding cumarin is too much, then can form blocked up passivating film, increases the internal resistance of cell, has a strong impact on the performance of battery.
Halogenated cyclic carbonic ester shown in the structural formula II is preferably from 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolanes-2-ketone and 4,5-two fluoro-1, a kind of in 3-dioxolanes-2-ketone or two kinds.
In addition, the halogenated cyclic carbonic ester shown in the structural formula II can also be selected from: 4, and 4-two fluoro-1; 3-dioxolanes-2-ketone, 4,5-two fluoro-4,5-dimethyl-1; 3-dioxolanes-2-ketone, 4-Trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxolanes-2-ketone, 4-chloro-1,3-dioxolanes-2-ketone.
The content of halogenated cyclic carbonic ester in electrolyte is preferably 0.5-10 weight % by the total weight of electrolyte.
Preferably from the mixture of cyclic carbonate (not comprising the halogenated cyclic carbonic ester) with linear carbonate, wherein the volume ratio of cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate is preferably 1 to organic solvent: 1-1: 9.
Cyclic carbonate is preferably from ethylene carbonate, 1,2-propene carbonate, 1,3-propene carbonate, 1,2-butylene, 2, one or more in the 3-butylene.
Linear carbonate is one or more in dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), carbonic acid first propyl ester (MPC) preferably.
Lithium salts is preferably from LiPF
6, LiBF
4, LiSbF
6, LiAsF
6, LiN (SO
2CF
3)
2, LiN (SO
2C
2F
5)
2, LiC (SO
2CF
3)
3, LiN (SO
3F)
2In at least a.
Lithium salt in the electrolyte is preferably 0.6-2.0mol/L.0.7-1.6mol/L more preferably.When lithium salt during less than 0.6mol/L, the performance of electrolyte is because of the low deterioration of its ionic conductivity.When lithium salt during greater than 2.0mol/L, electrolyte has reduced the migration rate of lithium ion because of its viscosity increases, thereby causes the performance degradation of electrolyte.
The present invention also provides the lithium ion battery that uses above-mentioned various electrolyte, and said lithium ion battery comprises:
The electrolyte that the invention described above provided;
The negative electrode that comprises cathode active material;
The anode that comprises anode active material;
And place the dividing plate between negative electrode and the anode.
Embodiment
By specifying technology contents of the present invention, structural feature, realized purpose and effect, give explanation below in conjunction with execution mode is detailed.
Embodiment 1
1) said electrolyte prepares by following method: is EC: DEC: EMC=1 with ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) by mass ratio: mix at 1: 1; After the mixing; Add lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6); Concentration is 1.2mol/L, the 4-fluoro-1 that further adds, 3-dioxolanes-2-ketone and cumarin and prepare electrolyte 4-fluoro-1; The content of 3-dioxolanes-2-ketone counts 2% by the total weight of electrolyte, and the content of cumarin counts 1% by the total weight of electrolyte.
2) negative pole is made: by 94: 1: 2.5: 2.5 mass ratio mixing negative active core-shell material modified natural graphite; Conductive carbon black Super-P; Binding agent butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are dispersed in them in the deionized water then, obtain cathode size.Slurry is coated on the two sides of Copper Foil, through oven dry, calendering and vacuumize, and burn-ons with supersonic welder and to obtain negative plate after the nickel making outlet, the thickness of pole plate is at 120-150 μ m.
3) the anodal making: than the sour lithium (LiCoO2) of blended anode active material cobalt, conductive carbon black Super-P and binding agent polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were dispersed in them in the N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-(NMP) then, obtain anode sizing agent by 93: 4: 3 quality.Slurry is uniformly coated on the two sides of aluminium foil, through oven dry, calendering and vacuumize, and burn-ons with supersonic welder and to obtain positive plate behind the aluminum lead-out wire, the thickness of pole plate is at 120-150 μ m.
4) barrier film is made: adopt three layers of barrier film of polypropylene, polyethylene/polypropylene, thickness is 20 μ m.
5) electric core is prepared between positive plate and the negative plate that to place thickness be that the polyethene microporous membrane of 20 μ m is as barrier film; The sandwich structure of then positive plate, negative plate and barrier film being formed is reeled; Put into square aluminum metal-back after again coiling body being flattened; The lead-out wire of both positive and negative polarity is welded on respectively on the relevant position of cover plate, and cover plate and metal-back is welded as a whole, obtain treating the electric core of fluid injection with laser-beam welding machine.
6) fluid injection of electric core and changing at dew point in the glove box that is controlled at below-40 ℃ is injected electric core with the electrolyte of above-mentioned preparation through liquid injection hole, and the amount of electrolyte will guarantee to be full of the space in the electric core.Change into according to the following steps then: 0.05C constant current charge 3min, 0.2C constant current charge 5min, 0.5C constant current charge 25min; Shaping is sealed after shelving 1hr; Then further with the electric current constant current charge of 0.2C to 4.2V, after normal temperature is shelved 24hr, with the electric current constant-current discharge of 0.2C to 3.0V.
Embodiment 2
Except in the electrolyte preparation 1% cumarin being replaced to 0.5% the cumarin, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Except in the electrolyte preparation 1% cumarin being replaced to 0.2% the cumarin, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
Except in the electrolyte preparation with 2% 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolanes-2-ketone replaces to 3% 4-fluoro-1, outside 3-dioxolanes-2-ketone, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
Except in the electrolyte preparation with 2% 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolanes-2-ketone and 1% cumarin replace to 3% 4-fluoro-1, outside 3-dioxolanes-2-ketone and 0.2% the cumarin, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6
Except in the electrolyte preparation 1% cumarin being replaced to 0.2% the 4-methylcoumarin, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 7
Except in the electrolyte preparation 1% cumarin being replaced to 0.2% the 6-Methylcoumarin, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 8
Except in the electrolyte preparation 1% cumarin being replaced to 0.2% the ayapanin, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 9
Except in the electrolyte preparation 1% cumarin being replaced to 0.2% 7-ethyoxyl-4 (trifluoromethyl) cumarin, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 10
Other are identical with embodiment 1, and different is: in the electrolyte, organic solvent is that mass ratio is 1: 9 propylene carbonate and a dimethyl carbonate, and wherein lithium salts is LiBF
4And LiPF
6, two kinds of lithium salts (in lithium ion) are respectively 0.6mol/L.
Embodiment 11
Except in the electrolyte preparation with 2% 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolanes-2-ketone replace to 2% 4,5-two fluoro-1, outside 3-dioxolanes-2-ketone (DFEC), other is identical with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
In the electrolyte preparation, do not add any additives, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
Additive only adds the vinylene carbonate that accounts for electrolyte total weight 2% in the electrolyte preparation, and other is identical with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 3
Except additive in the electrolyte preparation only adds the 4-fluoro-1 that accounts for electrolyte total weight 2%, outside 3-dioxolanes-2-ketone, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 4
Except in the electrolyte preparation 1% cumarin being replaced to 3% the cumarin, other is identical with embodiment 1.
The normal-temperature circulating performance test
To be charged to 4.2V in room temperature with the 1C constant current constant voltage according to the battery of embodiment 1-10 and comparative example 1-4 preparation, and use the 1C constant-current discharge then to 3.0V.The conservation rate of the 200th circulation volume is calculated in 200 circulation backs of charge/discharge.
The 200th circulation volume conservation rate (%)=(the 200th cyclic discharge capacity/first time cyclic discharge capacity) * 100%
The test of cell thickness expansion rate under the high temperature
The battery of embodiment 1-10 and comparative example 1-4 preparation is charged to 4.2V in room temperature with the 1C constant current constant voltage, measures the battery original depth, store 48 hours at 70 ℃ then, wait battery to be cooled to normal temperature at last and survey the battery final thickness again, the counting cell thickness swelling.
Cell thickness expansion rate (%)=((final thickness-original depth)/original depth) * 100%
Table 1
Can find out that according to the result shown in the table 1 electrolyte that adds Coumarins can suppress the battery high-temperature inflatable significantly, and improve normal temperature circulation volume conservation rate.After adding Coumarins derivative additive in the electrolyte, improved the SEI film component in the battery formation process, made the SEI film more stable, the decomposition of the electrolyte that further suppresses, thus improve the performance of battery; And within the specific limits, the amount of cumarin is many more, and battery performance is more stable, has surpassed this scope and then can increase the internal resistance of cell, influences the migration of lithium ion in the electrolyte, thereby battery performance is had adverse effect.
The above is merely embodiments of the invention; Be not so limit claim of the present invention; Every equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion that utilizes description of the present invention to do; Or directly or indirectly be used in other relevant technical fields, all in like manner be included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell is characterized in that, said non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell contains: lithium salts, organic solvent and additive,
Said additive comprises cumarin and derivative thereof shown in structural formula I:
Wherein, R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4, R
5And R
6Be independently from each other hydrogen, halogen, the alkyl of 1-4 C atom, the alkoxyl of the haloalkyl of 1-4 C atom or 1-4 C atom;
And shown in structural formula II the halogenated cyclic carbonic ester:
Wherein, R wherein
7, R
8, R
9And R
10Be independently from each other hydrogen atom, halogen atom, the alkyl of 1-4 C atom, or the haloalkyl of 1-4 C atom, and R
7, R
8, R
9And R
10In at least one is selected from halogen atom.
2. non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said cumarin and derivative thereof are selected from:
Cumarin, 3-methylcoumarin, 4-methylcoumarin, 6-Methylcoumarin, 7-methylcoumarin, ayapanin, 6; 7-escoparone, 5; 7-escoparone, 7-ethyoxyl-4-methylcoumarin, 7-ethyoxyl-4 (trifluoromethyl) cumarin, 6, one or more in 7-ethyoxyl-4 (trifluoromethyl) cumarin.
3. non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, said cumarin and derivative thereof the content in electrolyte is counted 0.1%-3% by the total weight of electrolyte.
4. according to any described non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell of claim 1-3; It is characterized in that the halogenated cyclic carbonic ester shown in the structural formula II is selected from 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolanes-2-ketone and 4; 5-two fluoro-1, a kind of in 3-dioxolanes-2-ketone or two kinds.
5. according to any described non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that the content of said halogenated cyclic carbonic ester is counted 0.5-10 weight % by the total weight of electrolyte.
6. according to any described non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that said organic solvent is selected from the mixture of cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate.
7. non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell according to claim 6 is characterized in that said cyclic carbonate is selected from ethylene carbonate, 1; 2-propene carbonate, 1; 3-propene carbonate, 1,2-butylene, 2, one or more in the 3-butylene.
8. non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell according to claim 6 is characterized in that, said organic solvent is a linear carbonate, and said linear carbonate is selected from one or more in dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, the carbonic acid first propyl ester.
9. a lithium ion battery is characterized in that, said lithium ion battery comprises:
According to any described non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell of claim 1 to 8;
The negative electrode that comprises cathode active material;
The anode that comprises anode active material;
And place the dividing plate between negative electrode and the anode.
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