CN105895958A - Electrolyte and lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Electrolyte and lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105895958A
CN105895958A CN201610499087.0A CN201610499087A CN105895958A CN 105895958 A CN105895958 A CN 105895958A CN 201610499087 A CN201610499087 A CN 201610499087A CN 105895958 A CN105895958 A CN 105895958A
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carbonate
substituted
unsubstituted
electrolyte
sulfone
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王珂
谢岚
史松君
王耀辉
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The present application relates to an electrolyte comprising an organic solvent, an electrolyte and an additive containing a sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound; by adding the sulfone-boron trifluoride coordination compound into the solvent of the electrolyte, the sulfone-boron trifluoride coordination compound can form a good interfacial film on the surface of the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery, simultaneously reduce the reaction activity of the surface of the positive electrode, inhibit the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte on the surface of the positive electrode, and improve the high-temperature storage performance and the cycle performance of the lithium ion secondary battery.

Description

Electrolyte and lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to electrolyte and a lithium ion battery.
Background
Electronic mobile devices such as notebook computers, mobile phones, handheld game consoles and tablet computers have more and more functions, and application technologies in the aspects of electric vehicles, smart grids and the like are becoming mature. The cruising ability of the lithium ion secondary battery as its main driving energy source is also more and more required. Increasing the energy density has become a research focus of lithium ion secondary batteries.
For the lithium ion secondary battery with the positive electrode material of nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material, the method for improving the charging cut-off voltage is an effective method for increasing the energy density of the battery. However, when the voltage of the lithium ion secondary battery is increased, especially when the charging voltage reaches 4.35V or more, two phenomena occur inside the battery: 1. because the lithium removal proportion is increased, the structural stability of the anode material is reduced, and the phase change is easy to occur to reduce the anode capacity; meanwhile, the transition metal is dissolved and moves to the negative electrode to destroy SEI, a large amount of reducing gas is generated, and the electrolyte is consumed. 2. Since the voltage has exceeded the electrolyte redox window, the electrolyte will undergo an oxidation reaction at the anode, rapidly consuming the electrolyte and producing a large amount of by-products or gases. Due to the existence of the two functions, the capacity fading of the lithium ion secondary battery is obviously accelerated when the lithium ion secondary battery is charged and discharged when the charging cutoff voltage is higher than 4.35V. In practical use, electronic products are also faced with the problem that the lithium ion secondary battery is possibly in a high-temperature state if the lithium ion secondary battery is continuously used for heating or the temperature of the use environment of the lithium ion secondary battery rises, and at high temperature, the electrolyte is tested more strictly, and in severe cases, short circuit occurs inside the lithium ion secondary battery due to expansion deformation of the lithium ion secondary battery or flammable electrolyte is leaked due to package bursting of the lithium ion secondary battery, so that safety accidents such as fire disasters are caused. Therefore, effective techniques for solving the problems of decomposition of the electrolyte and swelling of the lithium ion secondary battery are required.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present application to provide an electrolyte.
It is another object of the present application to provide a lithium ion battery.
The specific technical scheme of the application is as follows:
the present application relates to an electrolyte comprising an organic solvent, an electrolyte and an additive containing a sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound.
Preferably, the sulfone in the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound is selected from at least one of the compounds represented by the structural formulas IA and IB,
R11、R12each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1～20Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2～20Alkenyl of (a), substituted or unsubstituted C6～26Aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1～20Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6～26An aryloxy group of (a);
R13、R14each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1～5Alkylene of (a), substituted or unsubstituted C2～5Alkenylene of (a);
wherein the substituents are selected from halogen atoms.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
R11、R12each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1～6Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2～6Alkenyl of (a), substituted or unsubstituted phenyl;
R13、R14each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C2～4Alkylene of (a), substituted or unsubstituted C2～4Alkenylene group of (a).
Preferably, the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of the following structural compounds,
preferably, the mass percentage of the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound in the electrolyte is 0.1-5%.
Preferably, the additive further comprises an SEI film forming additive; the SEI film forming additive is at least one of sulfone compound, cyclic ester compound containing sulfur-oxygen double bond, cyclic carbonate compound and cyano compound.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the sulfone compound is selected from at least one of compounds shown as formulas IIA, IIB and IIC; wherein R is21、R22、R24、R25Each independently selected from C1-6Alkyl of (C)2-6Alkenyl of (a); r23Is selected from C3-5Alkylene of (C)3-5Alkenylene of (a);
the cyclic ester compound containing the sulfur-oxygen double bond is selected from at least one of compounds shown in formulas IID, IIE and IIF; the cyclic carbonate compound is at least one compound selected from compounds shown in a formula II G;
wherein R is26、R27、R28、R29Each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1～6Alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C2～6An alkenylene group; the substituents being selected from halogen atoms, C2～6An alkenyl group;
the cyano compound is selected from at least one of compounds shown in formulas IIH and III; wherein R is210Selected from substituted or unsubstituted C2-10Alkylene radical, C2-10An alkenylene group; r211、R212、R213Each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-3Alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-3An alkenylene group; the substituents are selected from halogen atoms;
NC-R210-CN、NC-R211-O-R212-O-R213-CN
(ⅡH) (ⅡI)。
preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the sulfone compound is at least one selected from sulfolane, divinyl sulfone, sulfolene and dimethyl sulfoxide;
the cyclic ester compound containing the sulfur-oxygen double bond is selected from at least one of 1, 3-propane sultone, propenyl-1, 3-sultone, 1, 4-butane sultone, ethylene sulfate, propylene sulfate, ethylene sulfite and propylene sulfite;
the cyclic carbonate compound is selected from at least one of fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate;
the cyano compound is selected from at least one of 1, 4-succinonitrile, adiponitrile and ethylene glycol di (2-cyanoethyl) ether.
Preferably, the organic solvent contains at least one of cyclic carbonate, chain carbonate and carboxylate; more preferably, the cyclic carbonate is selected from at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and gamma-butyrolactone; the chain carbonate is at least one selected from dimethyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate and ethyl propyl carbonate; the carboxylic ester is at least one selected from methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate and methyl butyrate.
Preferably, the mass percentage of the organic solvent in the electrolyte is 60-90%.
The application relates to a lithium ion battery, which comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, an isolating membrane arranged between the positive plate and the negative plate at intervals, and electrolyte; the electrolyte is any one of the electrolyte.
The technical scheme provided by the application can achieve the following beneficial effects:
according to the preparation method, the sulfone-boron trifluoride coordination compound is added into the solvent of the electrolyte, and the sulfone-boron trifluoride coordination compound can form a good interface film on the surface of the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery, simultaneously reduce the reaction activity of the surface of the positive electrode, inhibit the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte on the surface of the positive electrode, and improve the high-temperature storage performance and the cycle performance of the lithium ion secondary battery; the combination of the sulfone-boron trifluoride coordination compound and the SEI film-forming additive can further improve the high-temperature cycle and storage performance of the battery cell
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present application, and it should be apparent that the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort based on the technical solutions and the given embodiments provided in the present application belong to the protection scope of the present application.
The present application relates to an electrolytic solution comprising an organic solvent, an electrolyte and an additive, both dissolved in the organic solvent, the additive containing a sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound.
The nitrogen-containing compound is generally easy to capture transition metal ions, prevents the transition metal ions from migrating to the surface of the negative electrode to damage SEI, and pyridine has a good effect of capturing the transition metal ions. However, under the action of high voltage, the lithium ion secondary battery can be oxidized on the surface of the positive electrode due to the low oxidation potential, and the lithium ion secondary battery is reduced on the negative electrode, so that the voltage drop of the lithium ion secondary battery in high-temperature storage is deteriorated, and the deterioration and gas generation are very obvious. The sulfones have high oxidation potential, and under the action of electron absorption of coordination of boron trifluoride, the oxidation potential of the compound and the oxidation resistance of the anode under high voltage are further improved, and the voltage drop and gas generation during high-temperature storage are improved. The sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound may participate in the formation of an SEI film at the negative electrode, and the first discharge capacity of the lithium ion secondary battery is improved. The sulfone-boron trifluoride coordination compound has high compatibility with a positive electrode material system, and boron trifluoride can stabilize oxygen atoms, so that the surface stability of the battery positive electrode material is greatly improved. The sulfone-boron trifluoride coordination compound can react with lithium fluoride to form a soluble lithium salt electrolyte, so that the lithium fluoride deposition on the surface of the electrode is reduced, the blockage of electrode pore channels is relieved, and the cycle life is prolonged.
As an improvement of the electrolyte of the present application, the sulfone in the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the structural formulae IA and IB; that is, it may be a chain sulfone or a cyclic sulfone;
R11、R12each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1～20Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2～20Alkenyl of (a), substituted or unsubstituted C6～26Aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1～20Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6～26An aryloxy group of (a);
R13、R14each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1～5Alkylene of (a), substituted or unsubstituted C2～5Alkenylene of (a);
wherein the substituents are selected from halogen atoms; among them, the halogen atom is F, Cl or Br, preferably F.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
R11、R12each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1～6Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2～6Alkenyl of (a), substituted or unsubstituted phenyl;
R13、R14each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C2～4Alkylene of (a), substituted or unsubstituted C2～4Alkenylene group of (a).
In this application, the foregoing refers to C1～20The alkyl can be chain alkyl or cycloalkyl, and the hydrogen on the ring of the cycloalkyl can be substituted by substituent; said C is1～20The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group (2) has a lower limit of 2,3, 4, 5, and a higher limit of 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18. Preferably, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is selected, more preferably, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms is selected, and still more preferably, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is selectedAnd a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups include: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl.
When the foregoing mentions C1～5The alkylene group of (a), preferably a chain alkylene group, the hydrogen of which may be substituted by a substituent; more preferably, a chain alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms is selected.
When the foregoing mentions C2～20The alkenyl group (b) may be a linear alkenyl group or a cyclic alkenyl group. In addition, the number of double bonds in the alkenyl group is preferably 1. The number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl group is preferably 3, 4, 5, and more preferably 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18. Preferably, the alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms is selected, more preferably, the alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms is selected, and still more preferably, the alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms is selected. Examples of alkenyl groups include: vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, pentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctenyl.
When the foregoing mentions C2～5The alkenylene group of (2) is preferably a linear alkenyl group. In addition, the number of double bonds in the alkenylene group is preferably 1. More preferably, the alkenylene group has 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
When the foregoing mentions C6～26The aryl group of (2) may be, for example, a phenyl group, a phenylalkyl group, an aryl group having at least one phenyl group such as a biphenyl group, a condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbon group such as naphthalene, anthracene or phenanthrene, and the biphenyl group and the condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbon group may be further substituted with an alkyl group or an alkenyl group. Preferably, the aryl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms is selected, more preferably, the aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms is selected, and still more preferably, the aryl group having 6 to 9 carbon atoms is selected. Specific examples of aryl groups include: phenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, p-tolyl, o-tolyl, m-tolyl.
When the foregoing mentions C1～20The alkoxy group of (2) is preferably a group having a carbon number of1 to 10 alkoxy groups; further preferably, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is selected; further preferably, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is selected. Specific examples of the alkoxy group include: methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentoxy, isopentoxy, cyclopentoxy, cyclohexoxy.
When the foregoing mentions C6～26The aryloxy group of (1), preferably an aryloxy group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms; more preferably, an aryloxy group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms is selected, still more preferably, an aryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms is selected, and most preferably, a phenoxy group. Examples of the aryloxy group include: phenoxy, benzyloxy, 4-methylphenoxy, 3, 5-dimethylphenoxy, 4-methylbenzyloxy, 3-methylbenzyloxy, 2, 6-diisopropylbenzyloxy, 1-naphthyloxy.
When the foregoing mentions C1～20Alkyl of (C)1～20Alkenyl of, C6～26Aryl of (C)1～20Alkoxy group of (C)6～26After the hydrogen in the aryloxy group is replaced by halogen atom, halogenated alkyl with 1-20 carbon atoms, halogenated alkenyl with 2-20 carbon atoms, halogenated aryl with 6-26 carbon atoms, halogenated alkoxy with 1-20 carbon atoms and halogenated aryloxy with 6-26 carbon atoms are correspondingly formed in sequence, wherein the halogen atom is F, Cl and Br, preferably F, Cl. In the halogenated group formed, the halogen atoms substitute part or all of the hydrogen atoms, and the number of the halogen atoms may be 1,2, 3 or 4. C1～5Alkylene of (C)2～5The substitution of the hydrogen of the alkenylene group with a halogen atom can be performed analogously.
Preferably, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogenated aryl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a halogenated aryloxy group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms is selected; more preferably, a halogenated chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a halogenated cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a halogenated aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a halogenated aryloxy group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms is selected; more preferably, a halogenated chain alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a halogenated cycloalkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogenated aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a halogenated aryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms are selected.
Examples of the halogenated group include: trifluoromethyl (-CF)3) 2-fluoroethyl, 3-fluoro-n-propyl, 2-fluoroisopropyl, 4-fluoro-n-butyl, 3-fluoro-sec-butyl, 5-fluoro-n-pentyl, 4-fluoro-isopentyl, 1-fluorovinyl, 3-fluoroallyl, 6-fluoro-4-hexenyl, o-fluorophenyl, p-fluorophenyl, m-fluorophenyl, 4-fluoromethylphenyl, 2, 6-difluoromethylphenyl, 2-fluoro-1-naphthyl, fluoromethoxy, 1-fluoroethoxy, 2-fluoro-n-propoxy, 1-fluoro-isopropoxy, 3-fluoro-n-butoxy, 4-fluoro-n-pentyloxy, 2-difluoromethylpropoxy, 5-fluoro-n-hexyloxy, 1, 2-trifluoromethylpropoxy, 2-fluoro-n-hexyloxy, 6-fluoro-n-heptyloxy, 7-fluoro-n-octyloxy, 3-fluoro-cyclopentyloxy, 4-fluoro-2-methylcyclopentoxy, 3-fluoro-cyclohexoxy, 3-fluorocycloheptyloxy, 4-fluoro-2-methylcycloheptyloxy, 3-fluorocyclooctyloxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 3-fluorophenoxy, 2-fluorophenoxy group, 3, 5-difluorophenoxy group, 2, 6-difluorophenoxy group, 2, 3-difluorophenoxy group, 2, 6-difluoro-4-methylphenoxy group, 3- (2-fluoroethyl) phenoxy group, 2- (1-fluoroethyl) phenoxy group, 3, 5-difluorobenzyloxy group, 2-fluorobenzyloxy group, 2-fluoro-1-naphthyloxy group. In the specific examples above, F may be substituted with Cl and/or Br.
Preferably, R11、R12、R13、R14At least one of the substituents in (1) is a halogen atom, preferably F or Cl.
As examples of the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound, the following are specified:
as an improvement of the electrolyte, the mass percentage of the sulfone-boron trifluoride coordination compound in the electrolyte is 0.1-5%.
Further preferably, the lower limit of the range of the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex in the electrolyte is selected from 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and the upper limit is selected from 3%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%.
When the mass percentage of the sulfone-boron trifluoride coordination compound is less than 0.1%, a stable SEI film cannot be formed on the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the high-temperature cycle and storage performance of the lithium ion secondary battery are not obviously improved; due to the fact that the viscosity of the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound is high, when the mass percentage of the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound is larger than 5%, the viscosity of an electrolyte is increased greatly, the conductivity of lithium ions is affected, the de-intercalation speed of the lithium ions is affected negatively, and the low-temperature performance of the lithium ion secondary battery is deteriorated.
As an improvement of the electrolyte, the electrolyte may further contain an SEI film-forming additive selected from at least one of sulfone compounds, cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-oxygen double bonds, cyclic carbonate compounds, and cyano compounds. The sulfone-boron trifluoride coordination compound and the SEI film forming additive are used in combination, so that the high-temperature cycle and storage performance of the battery cell can be further improved.
As an improvement of the present application, in the SEI film forming additive,
the sulfone compound is at least one of compounds shown as formulas IIA, IIB and IIC; wherein R is21、R22、R24、R25Each independently selected from C1-6Alkyl of (C)2-6Alkenyl of (a); r23Is selected from C3-5Alkylene of (C)3-5Alkenylene of (a);
the cyclic ester compound containing the oxysulfide double bond is at least one compound selected from compounds shown in formulas IID, IIE and IIF; the cyclic carbonate compound is at least one compound selected from compounds shown in a formula II G;
wherein R is26、R27、R28、R29Each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1～6Alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C2～6An alkenylene group; the substituents being selected from halogen atoms, C2～6An alkenyl group.
The cyano compound is at least one of compounds shown as formulas IIH and III; wherein R is210Selected from substituted or unsubstituted C2-10Alkylene radical, C2-10An alkenylene group; r211、R212、R213Each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-3Alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C2-3An alkenylene group; the substituents are selected from halogen atoms;
NC-R210-CN、NC-R211-O-R212-O-R213-CN
(ⅡH) (ⅡI)。
as an improvement of the electrolyte of the present application,
the sulfone compound is at least one selected from sulfolane, divinyl sulfone, sulfolene and dimethyl sulfoxide;
the cyclic ester compound containing a sulfur-oxygen double bond is at least one selected from the group consisting of 1, 3-Propane Sultone (PS), propenyl-1, 3-sultone, 1, 4-butane sultone, ethylene sulfate (DTD), propylene sulfate, ethylene sulfite, and propylene sulfite;
the cyclic carbonate compound is selected from one or more of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), difluoroethylene carbonate, Vinylene Carbonate (VC) and ethylene carbonate (VEC);
the cyano compound is selected from at least one of 1, 4-succinonitrile, Adiponitrile (ADN) and ethylene glycol di (2-cyanoethyl) ether.
Further preferably, in the electrolyte of the present application, the SEI film forming additive is at least one selected from Vinylene Carbonate (VC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), ethylene sulfite, propylene sulfite, and 1, 3-Propane Sultone (PS).
As an improvement of the application, the mass percentage of the SEI film forming additive in the electrolyte is 0.1-10%.
Further preferably, the lower limit of the mass percentage content range of the SEI film forming additive in the electrolyte is selected from 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and the upper limit is selected from 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 9%; more preferably 0.5 to 5%.
Preferably, the organic solvent used in the present application may be at least one of dimethyl sulfite, diethyl sulfite, acid anhydride, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-methylformamide, N-methylacetamide, acetonitrile, N-dimethylformamide, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, methyl sulfide, γ -butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, cyclic carbonate, chain carbonate, fluorine-containing cyclic organic ester, sulfur-containing cyclic organic ester, and unsaturated bond-containing cyclic organic ester.
As an improvement of the present application, the organic solvent of the present application contains at least one of a cyclic carbonate, a chain carbonate, and a carboxylic ester;
wherein,
the cyclic carbonate is at least one selected from Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC) and gamma-butyrolactone;
the chain carbonate is at least one selected from dimethyl carbonate (DMC), butylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate, Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC), methyl propyl carbonate and ethyl propyl carbonate;
the carboxylate is at least one selected from methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, methyl acetate, Ethyl Acetate (EA), propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, Propyl Propionate (PP) and methyl butyrate.
As an improvement, the mass percentage of the organic solvent in the electrolyte is 60-90%.
As an improvement herein, the electrolyte is selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF)6) Lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF)4) Lithium perchlorate (LiClO)4) Lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF)6)、LiCF3SO3Lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiN (CF)3SO2)2)、LiBOB、LiDFOB、LiFAP、Li(FSO2)2N、Li(C2F5SO2)2N、Li(C4F9SO2)2N、Li(SO2(CF2)3SO2)2And N.
Preferably, the electrolyte of the present application is selected from LiPF6、LiBF4、Li(FSO2)2And N.
Preferably, the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolyte solution is 0.3 mol/L-1.8 mol/L.
In the present application, the preparation method of the electrolyte is selected from conventional methods, for example, the organic solvent, the electrolyte and the additive can be uniformly mixed.
The application also relates to a lithium ion battery, which comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, an isolating membrane arranged between the positive plate and the negative plate at intervals, and electrolyte; the electrolyte is the electrolyte described in any of the preceding paragraphs.
The application also relates to a lithium ion battery, which comprises electrolyte, a positive plate containing the positive active material, a negative plate containing the negative active material and a separation film.
In the lithium ion battery, the positive plate further comprises a binder and a conductive agent, positive slurry containing a positive active material, the binder and the conductive agent is coated on a positive current collector, and the positive plate is obtained after the positive slurry is dried. Similarly, negative electrode slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder and a conductive agent is coated on a negative electrode current collector, and a negative electrode sheet is obtained after the negative electrode slurry is dried.
The positive electrode active material can deintercalate and intercalate lithium ions. The positive active material may be a lithium transition metal composite oxide. The lithium transition metal composite oxide may be one or more selected from lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide.
Preferably, the positive active material is selected from lithium cobaltate LiCoO2Lithium nickel cobalt manganese ternary material and lithium manganate (LiMnO)2) And at least one of lithium iron phosphate, such as a mixture of lithium cobaltate and a lithium nickel cobalt manganese ternary material, as a positive electrode active material. As examples of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese ternary material, there may be specifically mentioned: LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2Lithium nickel cobalt manganese LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2、LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2。
Preferably, the negative active material is selected from at least one of graphite (natural graphite, artificial graphite), soft carbon, hard carbon, lithium titanate, and silicon; more preferably graphite and/or silicon.
In the above lithium ion battery, the specific kind of the lithium battery separator is not particularly limited, and may be any separator material used in the existing lithium ion battery, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and multilayer composite films thereof, but is not limited thereto.
Examples
The present application is further described below by specific examples. However, these examples are merely exemplary and do not set any limit to the scope of the present application.
In the following examples, comparative examples and test examples, the reagents, materials and instruments used were all conventional reagents, conventional materials and conventional instruments, which are commercially available unless otherwise specified, and the reagents involved therein were also synthesized by a conventional synthesis method.
Preparing an electrolyte: at water content<In a 10ppm argon atmosphere glove box, Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) are uniformly mixed according to a mass ratio of 30:70 to obtain a non-aqueous solvent, and then a fully dried electrolyte LiPF is added6Dissolving in the non-aqueous solvent to prepare LiPF6And the concentration of the basic electrolyte is 1 mol/L.
The sulfone-boron trifluoride complex and the SEI film-forming additive were added to the base electrolyte as shown in Table 1.
As examples of the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound: the aforementioned compound (I-1) and compound (I-7);
as examples of SEI film forming additives: fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), Vinylene Carbonate (VC), Adiponitrile (ADN) as mentioned above; the structural formulas are respectively as follows:
preparing a lithium ion battery:
1) preparing a positive plate: mixing positive active material lithium cobaltate (molecular formula LiNi)0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2) Conductive agent acetylene black and adhesivePolyvinylidene fluoride (abbreviated as PVDF) is fully stirred and mixed in a proper amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone (abbreviated as NMP) solvent according to the weight ratio of 96:2:2 to form uniform anode slurry; and coating the slurry on an Al foil of a positive current collector, drying and cold pressing to obtain the positive plate.
2) Preparing a negative plate: fully stirring and mixing a negative electrode active material graphite, a conductive agent acetylene black, a binder Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR), and a thickener sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a proper amount of deionized water solvent according to a weight ratio of 95:2:2:1 to form uniform negative electrode slurry; and coating the slurry on a Cu foil of a negative current collector, drying and cold pressing to obtain the negative plate.
3) And (3) isolation film: a PE porous polymer film is used as a separation film.
4) Preparing a lithium ion battery: stacking the positive plate, the isolating film and the negative plate in sequence to enable the isolating film to be positioned between the positive plate and the negative plate to play an isolating role, and then winding to obtain a bare cell; and placing the bare cell in an outer packaging foil, injecting the prepared electrolyte into the dried battery, and performing vacuum packaging, standing, formation, shaping and other processes to complete the preparation of the lithium ion battery.
The examples of the present application and the comparative examples were prepared according to the above-described preparation procedures, except that: the components and contents of the additives in the electrolyte are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 tabulated list of additives and addition levels for the electrolytes of the batteries of examples 1-16 and comparative examples 1-8
The lithium ion batteries prepared in the comparative examples and comparative examples of the present application were tested for performance by the following experiments.
(1) High temperature cycle performance test of lithium ion secondary battery
At 45 ℃, the lithium ion secondary battery is charged to 4.5V at a constant current of 0.5C, further charged to a current of 0.025C at a constant voltage of 4.5V, and then discharged to 2.8V at a constant current of 0.5C, which is a charge-discharge cycle process, and the discharge capacity of the time is the discharge capacity of the cycle of formula 1. The lithium ion secondary battery was subjected to a cyclic charge-discharge test in the above manner, and the discharge capacity at the 100 th cycle was taken.
Capacity retention (%) of the lithium ion secondary battery after 100 cycles was ═ 100% of (discharge capacity at 100 cycles/discharge capacity at 1 cycle).
(2) High temperature storage performance test of lithium ion secondary battery
The method comprises the steps of firstly charging the lithium ion secondary battery to 4.5V at a constant current of 0.5C at 25 ℃, further charging the lithium ion secondary battery to a current of 0.025C at a constant voltage of 4.5V, then testing the initial volume of the lithium ion secondary battery in deionized water by using a drainage method, then storing the lithium ion secondary battery at 60 ℃ for 30 days, and testing the volume change of the lithium ion secondary battery after high-temperature storage after the storage is finished.
The rate of change (%) in volume after high-temperature storage of the lithium ion secondary battery (volume after high-temperature storage of the lithium ion secondary battery/volume before high-temperature storage of the lithium ion secondary battery) x 100%.
TABLE 2 Performance test results of examples 1 to 16 and comparative examples 1 to 8
Numbering Capacity retention after high temperature cycling% Volume expansion ratio after high temperature storage%
Example 1 67 26
Example 2 76 17
Example 3 79 16
Example 4 80 15
Example 5 81 13
Example 6 68 25
Example 7 76 20
Example 8 79 18
Example 9 80 13
Example 10 82 11
Example 11 82 12
Example 12 83 15
Example 13 83 14
Example 14 83 17
Example 15 83 14
Example 16 82 16
Comparative example 1 60 39
Comparative example 2 76 12
Comparative example 3 66 18
Comparative example 4 60 20
Comparative example 5 70 19
Comparative example 6 72 27
Comparative example 7 74 15
Comparative example 8 65 16
It can be seen from comparison between examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 3 that the lithium ion secondary battery added with the dimethyl sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound or the sulfolane-boron trifluoride complex compound has better high-temperature cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance than the lithium ion secondary battery of comparative example 1 without any additive. When the content of the dimethyl sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound is more than 5% (comparative example 3), the cycle characteristics are deteriorated, probably because the dimethyl sulfone-boron trifluoride complex occupies too large proportion of the non-aqueous organic solvent, which results in too high viscosity of the electrolyte system, reduced conductivity, meanwhile, the interface film formed on the surfaces of the anode and the cathode is too thick, which affects the cycle performance of the lithium ion secondary battery, but the storage performance is still further improved, this is because the high content of the complex can form a good interfacial film on the positive and negative electrode surfaces, reducing the reactivity of the positive electrode surface, when the mass percentage of the dimethyl sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound in the electrolyte of a lithium ion secondary battery is less than 0.1% (comparative example 2), too little dimethyl-boron trifluoride complex compound does not significantly improve the performance of the lithium ion secondary battery.
It can be seen from the comparison between examples 12-16 and example 3 that the addition of the SEI film forming additive indeed contributes to the improvement of the high temperature cycle and storage performance of the battery cell. It is clear that the SEI film-forming additive alone does not achieve the effect of the additive combination, and the effect of the sulfone-boron trifluoride sulfone complex is not replaced by the SEI film-forming additive, as compared with comparative examples 4-8.
Therefore, the lithium ion secondary battery, the electrolyte and the novel additive thereof can form a good interface film on the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, can reduce the reaction activity of the surface of the positive electrode, inhibit the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte on the surface of the positive electrode, and improve the high-temperature storage performance and the cycle performance of the battery under high voltage.
Other embodiments of the present application:
lithium batteries of examples 17-37 were prepared according to the methods of the preceding examples, with the exception that: the components and addition ratio of the additives in the electrolyte are shown in table 3, for example:
TABLE 3 additive components and proportions of additives for battery electrolytes of examples 17 to 37
The performance of the prepared battery is detected according to the method of the previous embodiment, and the performance of the battery 17-37 of the previous embodiment is similar to that of the previous embodiment, which is not described again for the sake of brevity.
Although the present application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the scope of the claims, and many possible variations and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the application.

Claims (10)

1. An electrolytic solution comprising an organic solvent, an electrolyte and an additive, characterized in that the additive contains a sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound.
2. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sulfone in the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound is selected from at least one of the compounds of the formulae IA and IB,
R11、R12each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1～20Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2～20Alkenyl of (a), substituted or unsubstituted C6～26Aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1～20Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6～26An aryloxy group of (a);
R13、R14each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1～5Alkylene of (a), substituted or unsubstituted C2～5Alkenylene of (a);
wherein the substituents are selected from halogen atoms.
3. The electrolyte of claim 2,
R11、R12each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1～6Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2～6Alkenyl of (a), substituted or unsubstituted phenyl;
R13、R14each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C2～4Alkylene of (a), substituted or unsubstituted C2～4Alkenylene group of (a).
4. The electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound is at least one compound selected from the following structural compounds,
5. the electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex is contained in the electrolyte in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by mass.
6. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the additive further comprises an SEI film forming additive; the SEI film forming additive is selected from at least one of sulfone compounds, cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-oxygen double bonds, cyclic carbonate compounds and cyano compounds;
preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the sulfone compound is selected from at least one of compounds shown as formulas IIA, IIB and IIC; wherein R is21、R22、R24、R25Each independently selected from C1-6Alkyl of (C)2-6Alkenyl of (a); r23Is selected from C3-5Alkylene of (C)3-5Alkenylene of (a);
the cyclic ester compound containing the sulfur-oxygen double bond is selected from at least one of compounds shown in formulas IID, IIE and IIF; the cyclic carbonate compound is at least one compound selected from compounds shown in a formula II G;
wherein R is26、R27、R28、R29Each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1～6Alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C2～6An alkenylene group; the substituents being selected from halogen atoms, C2～6An alkenyl group;
the cyano compound is selected from at least one of compounds shown in formulas IIH and III; wherein R is210Selected from substituted or unsubstituted C2-10Alkylene radical, C2-10An alkenylene group; r211、R212、R213Each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-3Alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-3An alkenylene group; the substituents are selected from halogen atoms;
7. the electrolyte of claim 6,
the sulfone compound is at least one selected from sulfolane, divinyl sulfone, sulfolene and dimethyl sulfoxide;
the cyclic ester compound containing the sulfur-oxygen double bond is selected from at least one of 1, 3-propane sultone, propenyl-1, 3-sultone, 1, 4-butane sultone, ethylene sulfate, propylene sulfate, ethylene sulfite and propylene sulfite;
the cyclic carbonate compound is selected from at least one of fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate;
the cyano compound is selected from at least one of 1, 4-succinonitrile, adiponitrile and ethylene glycol di (2-cyanoethyl) ether.
8. The electrolytic solution according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent contains at least one of a cyclic carbonate, a chain carbonate, and a carboxylate; preferably, the cyclic carbonate is selected from at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and gamma-butyrolactone; the chain carbonate is at least one selected from dimethyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate and ethyl propyl carbonate; the carboxylic ester is at least one selected from methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate and methyl butyrate.
9. The electrolyte according to claim 8, wherein the organic solvent is contained in the electrolyte in an amount of 60 to 90% by mass.
10. A lithium ion battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, an isolating membrane arranged between the positive plate and the negative plate at intervals, and electrolyte; the electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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