CN109036090A - The theodolite of high-rise axis projection teaching mode throws survey method - Google Patents

The theodolite of high-rise axis projection teaching mode throws survey method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109036090A
CN109036090A CN201810522215.8A CN201810522215A CN109036090A CN 109036090 A CN109036090 A CN 109036090A CN 201810522215 A CN201810522215 A CN 201810522215A CN 109036090 A CN109036090 A CN 109036090A
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China
Prior art keywords
floor
axis
axis projection
layer
survey
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CN201810522215.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王旭华
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Dalian University
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Dalian University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B25/04—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of buildings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
    • G01C15/10—Plumb lines
    • G01C15/105—Optical plumbing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Abstract

The theodolite that this divisional application discloses a kind of high-rise axis projection teaching mode throws survey method, belongs to educational aid field.By axis projection to the process of first layer floor face: survey equipment placement will be thrown and drawn in one of them that stake point marks at four, aim at the centre mark of wall, screw level braking spiral, laser pen is lifted up to the same side centre mark that can sight first layer floor, demonstrate the movement to make marks, an endpoint of an axis on the ipsilateral of first layer floor is obtained, and obtains the endpoint of other sides, to complete the process of first layer axis projection.The invention has the benefit that flexibly, conveniently, arbitrarily can arrange in pairs or groups and dismantle, it is easy to use and carries.

Description

The theodolite of high-rise axis projection teaching mode throws survey method
The application is application number 2016101339869, applying date 2016-03-10, the throwing of denomination of invention high-rise axis Survey the divisional application of teaching mode.
Technical field
The invention belongs to educational aid fields, are more particularly high-rise axis projection teaching modes.
Background technique
In the practice of high-building construction MEASUREMENT TEACHING, be related to the content of high-rise axis projection, axis it is vertical Transmitting is the main task of high-building construction measurement, and common survey method of throwing is broadly divided into external control method and internal control method, external control method Generally theodolite throws survey method, and internal control method is generally laser plummet and throws survey method or messenger wire pendant throwing survey method etc..
Theodolite throw survey method be suitable for construction site than it is broader when, when high-rise foundation engineering complete after, use Theodolite accurately in pilot measurement to building four sides bottom facade and sets the main shaft of building to mark from axial line control stake Will is used for surveying to upslide and constructing in next step, while axis is arranged on the extended line of axis and draws stake.As shown in Figure 1, will be through Latitude instrument, which is placed in, to be drawn on an A, and the axis index point a on foundation side wall is sighted, then with just, reversing face method axis projection to required On flooring, an endpoint a of axis on flooring can be obtained1, another endpoint a of an A ' is drawn with the Fa Ke get axis other end1', The line of two endpoints is the axis on flooring.Similarly, another main shaft vertical with the axis can be drawn a B with And B ' throwing measures on flooring, obtains b1And b1′。
The applicable building of laser plummet throwing survey is intensive, construction site is narrow is not available the case where theodolite throws survey method. The method requires to reserve transfer hole in each floor face.As shown in Fig. 2, first arranging axial line control point in architecture bottom layer, then will swash Optical collimator is placed on control point, issues vertical light upwards, beam reception scoring ring is arranged in cultellation position, and allow in scoring ring The heart is directed at luminous point, and scoring ring is fixed on floor, then scoring ring center is to throw an endpoint for surveying axis.
Messenger wire pendant throwing survey method is similar with laser plummet throwing survey method, and axial line control point is first arranged, and line pendant is then hung over gold Belong on cross, mobile cross, until line falls alignment control point, then cross center is one of axis on flooring Endpoint.
Existing teaching is mainly that teacher carries out blackboard diagram or PPT diagram, and drawing processes are complex and time-consuming, and this Kind graphic technique is plane static view, and not enough vividly, student needs to understand by imagination, and teaching efficiency is poor.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of high-rise axis projection teaching modes, are used for Building main shaft, which is demonstrated, in lively mode throws the various method and process surveyed.
The present invention solves its technical problem and adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:
A kind of high-rise axis projection teaching mode, comprising: high-rise model is thrown and surveys instrument, line pendant and build It builds object and draws an installation plate；The high-rise model includes floor, building column and wall；The floor include bottom floor, Middle layer floor and top floor；The building column includes intermediate floor column and ground floor column；One end of the building column is provided with slotting The head other end is provided with jack.
Under preferred embodiment, the midpoint of four side of floor has an inverted triangle label respectively；The middle layer floor and The bottom floor has a reserving hole and an axial line control point respectively, and there are four the plug sections with the building column for quadrangle The identical jack of size；The jack of the middle layer floor is transparent.
Under preferred embodiment, the insertion end of the intermediate floor column is longer than the thickness of the middle layer floor, and is shorter than or waits In the thickness of the middle layer floor and the sum of the depth of the building column jack；The plug of the ground floor column is shorter than equal to described Bottom floor jack depth.
Under preferred embodiment, it is in sleeve-shaped that the wall four sides abuts upper and lower opening two-by-two；The bottom edge in each face of wall An inverted triangle label is labeled at center；The wall is foldable；It is equal in magnitude by four that the building draws a location plate Plate composition, the position that label has the position of high-rise model above and four are drawn stake.
Further, it includes laser pen, U-shaped frame, horizontal axis, vertical pivot, the pedestal with axle sleeve, horizontal system that instrument is surveyed in the throwing Dynamic and vertical braking；The laser pen is orthogonal with the horizontal axis to be fixedly connected；The horizontal axis is movably connected on the U-shaped frame； One end of the U-shaped frame is provided with the vertical braking；The vertical braking is in close contact the horizontal axis and the U-shaped frame； The upper end of the vertical pivot is fixedly connected on the bottom end of the U-shaped frame；The lower end of the vertical pivot is movably set in the axle sleeve；Institute It states level braking to be located on the axle sleeve, is in close contact the vertical pivot and the axle sleeve.
Under preferred embodiment, the line pendant includes cross, pendant and cotton rope；One end of the cotton rope is fixedly connected on described The center of cross, the other end are fixedly connected with the pendant.
The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:
Using flexible of the present invention arbitrarily can arrange in pairs or groups and dismantle and demonstrate a variety of throwing survey methods, it is a variety of to realize a model Usage.Demenstration method compared to plane picture character or teacher's narrative is more intuitive, is more advantageous to the teaching and of teacher Raw study.It is easy for installation quick, time in classroom is greatly saved.And the wall body structure due to using stowable, make It carries and stores and is more convenient.And wall is the tubular design used, not only reduces installation steps, more reduces mounting portion Part avoids the problem that occurring to influence use because losing component.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that theodolite throws survey method schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is that laser plummet throws survey method schematic diagram；
The building Tu3Wei column main view；
Fig. 4 is view of the Fig. 3 along the direction A-A；
Fig. 5 is bottom floor plan view；
Fig. 6 is view of the Fig. 5 along the direction B-B；
Fig. 7 is middle layer floor level figure；
Fig. 8 is view of the Fig. 7 along the direction C-C；
Fig. 9 is top floor plan view；
Figure 10 is view of the Fig. 8 along the direction D-D；
Figure 11 is wall schematic diagram；
Figure 12 is floor building column connection schematic diagram；
Figure 13 is to throw to survey instrument structural schematic diagram；
Figure 14 is view of the Figure 13 along the direction E-E；
Figure 15 is that line falls schematic diagram；
Figure 16 is view of the line pendant along the direction F-F；
Figure 17 is that building draws a location drawing.
Description of symbols:
1- top floor, the centre 2- floor column, 3- middle layer floor, 4- ground floor column, 5- bottom floor, the center 6- mark Note, 7- laser pen, 8- are braked vertically, 9- horizontal axis, 10-U type frame, 11- pedestal, 12- level braking, 13- line pendant, 14- cross Telltale mark, 15- draw stake point and mark, 16- building position mark, 17- striping, 18- fold line, 19- laser plummet, 20- scoring ring.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, by specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.Following embodiment is descriptive , it is not restrictive, this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 3-17, high-rise axis projection teaching mode includes high-rise model, throws and survey instrument, line pendant 13 and building draw an installation plate.The high-rise model is mainly by floor, connection or the building column, the wall that support floor It is formed Deng part.As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, Lou Zhu includes plug and jack two parts, and plug is identical with jack sectional dimension, length and width It is 10mm, can be inserted so as to the plug of a building column in the jack of another building column.According to the connection need from different floors It wants, Lou Zhu is designed to two kinds of forms of middle layer and bottom, and the length and width that the two removes plug portion are 16mm high 150mm, inserts Hole is 20mm high, but the size of plug is different.The plug height of intermediate floor column 2 is 25mm.The plug height of ground floor column 4 For 5mm.
As shown in Figure 5-10, floor is the square that side length is 200mm, thick 5mm.Including bottom floor 5, middle layer floor 3 and 1 three kinds of forms of top floor, the square jack there are four width 10mm is opened on the surface of bottom and middle layer floor, distinguishes position At from floor bottom edge 3mm, the distance between each jack is 174mm, is connected convenient for building column with floor.Middle layer floor 3 is inserted Hole is transparent formula, is connect across floor jack with building column jack for the plug end of intermediate floor column 2.Middle layer floor 3 and bottom floor 5 have a reserving hole and setting one axial line control point, be located at from floor bottom edge 40mm's Position throws for internal control method and surveys axis.In addition, the midpoint of four side of floor is additionally provided with inverted triangle label, thrown for external control method Survey axis.As shown in figure 11, wall inclination is the form of sleeve that four side seals close under shed, and length and width are 200mm high 155mm thick 2mm can be convenient and be quickly mounted on the model framework connected.Wall can be with folding storage.
As shown in figure 12, Lou Zhu and floor can quickly connect into building model.Four foundation floor columns, 4 plug is inserted into Then bottom floor 5 will be inserted into preceding four foundation after other four intermediate 2 plug insertion first layer middle layer floors 3 of floor column The corresponding jack of floor column 4, to complete the frame of the first floor body.With similar approach, the second layer and other buildings can be completed The frame of layer.Wall is mounted on each floor again, the construction that entire building body can be completed is built.
As shown in figs. 13 and 14, described to throw the instrument for surveying that instrument is building axis throwing survey, by laser pen 7, U-shaped frame 10, cross The parts such as axis 9, vertical pivot, the pedestal 11 with axle sleeve, level braking 12 and vertical braking 8 form.The 35mm high cross section of U-shaped frame 10 Wide 10mm, horizontal axis 9 is 40mm long, and the high 15mm of vertical pivot, pedestal 11 is 5mm high, and laser pen 7 is to throw the main body for surveying instrument, and turning on the switch can Visible laser is issued, target is used to indicate, is fixed together with horizontal axis 9, is mounted on U-shaped frame 10, and can be along cross 9 vertical plane of axis rotation, to sight the target of different directions.Vertical pivot is vertical with horizontal axis 9, and upper end is fixedly arranged at immediately below U-shaped frame 10, under In the axle sleeve for holding inserted base 11.It is respectively provided on U-shaped 10 side of frame and axle sleeve for braking 8 and level braking 12 vertically Spiral throws the level for surveying instrument and/or vertical rotation to control.
As shown in Figure 15, Figure 16, the line pendant is made of cross, line pendant 13 and cotton rope.Cross thickness 5mm, spider Wide 5mm, cross brachium 7.5mm.As shown in figure 17, it is the square that side length is 400mm that the building, which draws a location plate, by four A equal-sized plate composition, four blocks of plates can be cut off along striping 17, then be folded in half into a block size along fold line 18, convenient It carries.Label has a position mark 16 on plate and four are drawn stake point label 15, and building position mark 16 is located at location plate Center is the square dotted line frame that side length is 200mm, and four are drawn the center that stake point label 15 is located at four sides of location plate. Label, which draws stake point label 15, makes this teaching mode be suitable for theodolite throwing survey method.
Embodiment 2
Theodolite throws survey method (external control method)
At dais, placement building draws a location plate, and bottom floor 5 is placed by the building position mark 16 marked, Four foundation floor columns, 4 plug is inserted into bottom floor 5.Throwing survey instrument is placed in one to draw at stake point label 15, by horizontal and perpendicular Straight rotation aim at 7 luminous point of laser pen opposite is another to draw stake point label 15, screw level braking 12, laser pen 7 forced down, it is made The ipsilateral side of instrument is surveyed in spot alignment bottom floor 5 and throwing, and aiming point must be midpoint, and practice of construction scene is thrown needs when surveying and shone It makes marks on schedule.Since centre mark 6 is ready for when making floor, so when need to only demonstrate.It can similarly incite somebody to action Throwing survey equipment placement draws stake point at other three and obtains the centre mark 6 on other three sides, so far has been completed to upslide and surveys The preparation of axis.After other four intermediate 2 plug insertion first layer middle layer floors 3 of floor column, it is inserted into first four Wall to complete the frame of the first floor body, then is mounted on the floor, that is, completes the building by the corresponding jack of ground floor column 4 The installation of layer wall.
Here is the process by axis projection to first layer floor face: will throw survey equipment placement and draw stake point label 15 at four One of them on, aim at the centre mark of wall, screw level braking spiral 12, laser pen 7, which is lifted up, can sight The same side centre mark 6 of first floor plate, demonstrates the movement to make marks, can obtain on the ipsilateral of first layer floor an axis One endpoint, the similarly endpoint of other available sides, so as to complete the process of first layer axis projection.
Similarly the frame of achievable other floor buildings body is built works with axis projection.
Embodiment 3
Laser plummet throws survey method (internal control method)
The laser pen 7 that laser throws survey instrument is gone into position straight up and screws vertical braking 8, by equipment placement the bottom of at At the axial line control point that floor plate 5 is pre-set, cross is decorated with being intended to throw placement one on the reserving hole for surveying storey floors The cellophane paper of line is opened laser pen and is switched to upslide survey as beam reception scoring ring, and cross intersection point is allowed to be directed at luminous point, then cross Intersection point is to throw an endpoint for surveying axis.
Embodiment 4
Messenger wire pendant throws survey method (internal control method)
It is similar with laser plummet throwing survey method, line pendant cross is placed in be intended to throw and is surveyed on the reserving hole of storey floors, Make the tip alignment ground floor plate axis control point of line pendant 13, then cross center is to throw an endpoint for surveying axis.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of theodolite of high-rise axis projection teaching mode throws survey method, which is characterized in that dispose and build at dais Object draws a location plate, and bottom floor is pressed to the building position mark marked and is placed, four foundation floor column plugs are inserted into bottom Throwing survey instrument is placed in one and draws stake point mark by floor plate, keeps laser pen luminous point aiming opposite another by horizontally and vertically rotating One draws stake point label, screws level braking, laser pen is forced down, and so that its spot alignment bottom floor and throwing is surveyed instrument ipsilateral Side, aiming point are midpoint, and practice of construction scene throws and makes marks when surveying in aiming point, will throw survey equipment placement at other three and draw stake Point obtains the centre mark on other three sides, the preparation that axis is surveyed to upslide has so far been completed, by other four centres After floor column plug is inserted into first layer middle layer floor, it is inserted into the corresponding jack of preceding four foundation floor column, to complete first The frame of floor body, then wall is mounted on the floor, that is, the installation of the floor wall is completed, by axis projection to the first floor Plate face.
2. the theodolite of high-rise axis projection teaching mode as described in claim 1 throws survey method, which is characterized in that will Process of the axis projection to first layer floor face: survey equipment placement will be thrown and drawn in one of them of stake point label at four, aimed at The centre mark of wall screws level braking spiral, and laser pen is lifted up to the same side center that can sight first layer floor Label, demonstrates the movement to make marks, obtains an endpoint of an axis on the ipsilateral of first layer floor, and obtain other sides Endpoint, to complete the process of first layer axis projection.
CN201810522215.8A 2016-03-10 2016-03-10 The theodolite of high-rise axis projection teaching mode throws survey method Pending CN109036090A (en)

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CN201810522193.5A Pending CN108550316A (en) 2016-03-10 2016-03-10 The laser plummet of high-rise axis projection teaching mode throws survey method
CN201810523648.5A Pending CN108986636A (en) 2016-03-10 2016-03-10 The messenger wire pendant of high-rise axis projection teaching mode throws survey method
CN201810522215.8A Pending CN109036090A (en) 2016-03-10 2016-03-10 The theodolite of high-rise axis projection teaching mode throws survey method

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CN201810522193.5A Pending CN108550316A (en) 2016-03-10 2016-03-10 The laser plummet of high-rise axis projection teaching mode throws survey method
CN201810523648.5A Pending CN108986636A (en) 2016-03-10 2016-03-10 The messenger wire pendant of high-rise axis projection teaching mode throws survey method

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CN115824176B (en) * 2023-02-14 2023-05-05 北京市第三建筑工程有限公司 Construction method for floor plan control measurement without opening holes
CN116989756A (en) * 2023-08-07 2023-11-03 中铁四局集团有限公司 Accurate measurement method for casting control points in high-rise building

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CN108550316A (en) 2018-09-18

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Application publication date: 20181218