CN109029700A - Shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation noise cloud atlas test device and test method - Google Patents
Shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation noise cloud atlas test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109029700A CN109029700A CN201810678736.2A CN201810678736A CN109029700A CN 109029700 A CN109029700 A CN 109029700A CN 201810678736 A CN201810678736 A CN 201810678736A CN 109029700 A CN109029700 A CN 109029700A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation noise cloud atlas test device and test methods, comprising: movable pedestal, fixed disk, floating disc and several array arms；Fixed disk is mounted on movable pedestal by mounting rack, and track is provided in fixed disk, and floating disc is equipped on track, is provided with camera in fixed disk；Each array arm is hinged in fixed disk, and each array arm passes through a connecting rod and connect with floating disc, and the both ends of connecting rod are hinged with array arm and floating disc respectively；Several sonic transducers are provided on each array arm；The signal output end of camera and each sonic transducer is all connected with data acquisition processing device.Array arm of the invention can collapse and size constancy, the movement of entire test device can be realized by mobile base, a virtual large scale array can be synthesized by the compensation of phase compensation, spatial position, so that the relatively accurate test of low-frequency noise in substation can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to substation's noise testing technical field, in particular to a kind of shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation
Noise cloud atlas test device and test method.
Background technique
Substation's internal noise being precisely separating and measuring, and is the key that carry out substation noise control and prevention and treatment.
But the measurement of substation's noise is influenced by outside environmental elements, the influence of have powerful connections among these noise and weather.In reality
When border measures, other than having noise caused by tested sound source, the presence of other noises is also had, such as the people around substation
The influence of noise of the life and works background such as stream, wagon flow, and bark, the transient noises such as motorcycle sound, the sum of these noises are known as
Ambient noise, ambient noise influence whether the accuracy of measurement.The noise for usually measuring certain machine measures back when machine is not opened
Scape noise, measures overall noise when machining, be then modified the noise for obtaining machine.And the substation to put into operation cannot be careless
It is out of service because its ambient noise is measured, using single sound level meter measurement noise, be substation's self-noise and
The superposition of other ambient noises.Utilize single sound level meter, it is difficult to distinguish the source of substation's internal noise, distribution, size,
The parameters such as spectrum signature, the responsibility for being unfavorable for substation equipment noise are distinguished, are made troubles to the improvement of substation noise.
Currently, using volume configuration noise-measuring system can it is accurate obtain substation in sound-filed simulation figure,
But the array arm of existing volume configuration test device is relatively large sized and cannot shrink, it is more difficult to transport；Use its progress
Noise testing is troublesome in poeration and efficiency is lower；It will be dismounted in each use process, be easily damaged element, testing cost is higher；
In addition, there is more low-frequency noise in substation, existing array detecting device size is smaller, and low frequency noise measurement is not smart enough
Really, and the array detecting device of larger size in substation using relatively hazardous.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation noise cloud atlas test device and surveys
Method for testing, to solve above-mentioned technical problem.The volume array of test device of the invention, which can be shunk, to be readily transported；Operation
Convenient, the efficiency for obtaining sound-filed simulation figure is higher；In use process without disassembly, can extended testing system device service life, can
Reduce testing cost；It can the accurate noise cloud atlas for obtaining measuring point by camera and sonic transducer；Size of the invention is not
Become, the movement of entire test device can be realized by mobile base, one can be synthesized by phase compensation, the compensation of spatial position
A virtual large scale array, so that the relatively accurate test of low-frequency noise in substation can be realized.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation noise cloud atlas test device, comprising: movable pedestal, fixed disk,
Floating disc and several array arms；Fixed disk is mounted on movable pedestal by mounting rack, and track, track are provided in fixed disk
On floating disc is installed, floating disc can move in orbit, the axis weight of the axis of track, the axis of fixed disk and floating disc
It closes, is provided with camera in fixed disk；Each array arm is hinged in fixed disk, and each array arm passes through a connecting rod
It is connect with floating disc, the both ends of connecting rod are hinged with array arm and floating disc respectively, and floating disc orbital motion can draw battle array
Column arm completes umbrella-type folding；Several sonic transducers are provided on each array arm；The signal of camera and each sonic transducer
Output end is all connected with data acquisition processing device.
Further, array arm is carbon fiber pipe, and sonic transducer is arranged in carbon fiber pipe, and sonic transducer is embedded declines
Mechanical pick-up device.
Further, further includes: pitching regulating device；Pitching regulating device includes pitch regulation motor and rotating arm；It bows
It faces upward adjusting motor to be fixedly mounted on movable pedestal, the output shaft of pitch regulation motor is fixedly installed with rotating arm, fixed disk
It is fixedly mounted on rotating arm.
It further, further include analog-digital commutator；The signal output end of sonic transducer passes through analog signal line and modulus
The analog signal receiving end of conversion equipment is connected, and the digital signal output end of analog-digital commutator passes through digital signal line and number
It is connected according to the digital signal reception end of acquisition device, analog signal line and digital signal line are all set in array arm.
Further, further includes: screw drive motor；Track is screw rod, and screw rod is spindle rotationally arranged in fixed disk, spiral shell
Bar is connected by transmission device with the output shaft of screw drive motor, and floating disc is mounted on screw rod, and screw rod rotation being capable of band
Dynamic floating disc is moved along the axis of screw rod, and axis, the axis of fixed disk of screw rod are overlapped with the axis of floating disc.
Further, it is fixedly installed optical axis in fixed disk, mounting base for camera head is fixedly installed on optical axis, floating disc can
On optical axis, floating disc is between mounting base for camera head and fixed disk for the setting of sliding.
Further, mounting base for camera head includes installation cavity and protection board, and camera is mounted in installation cavity, and protection board is used
Camera is protected in capping installation cavity.
Further, adapter is provided on each array arm, array arm passes through adapter and is hinged in fixed disk,
One end that connecting rod is connect with array arm is hinged on adapter.
Further, the quantity of array arm is 7-9, and the quantity for the sonic transducer being arranged on each array arm is 9-12
It is a.
The test method of any above-mentioned shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation noise cloud atlas test device, feature
It is, comprising the following specific steps
Step 1, floating disc is moved along track far from fixed disk, and array arm is shunk, and will entirely be tested by movable pedestal
Device is transported to measuring point；
Step 2, floating disc is moved along track close to fixed disk, and array arm opens, and adjusts array arm by movable pedestal
Horizontal direction angle measurement, make array arm towards target to be measured；
Step 3, by camera and sonic transducer acquisition noise data,
Step 4, test device is moved integrally into preset fixed range；
Step 5, step 3 and step 4 are repeated, until all acquisition finishes and gos to step 6 default measuring point；
Step 6, whole noise datas of acquisition are handled, obtains the low-frequency noise cloud atlas of measuring point in substation.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
Substation's noise cloud atlas test device of the invention can realize that array arm horizontal direction measures by movable pedestal
Alignment target object is convenient in the adjusting of angle, and the accuracy of noise testing can be improved, and angle measurement with higher adjusts efficiency, can mention
The testing efficiency of high substation's noise cloud atlas；It is provided with track in fixed disk, moveable floating disc, battle array are installed on track
Column arm is hinged in fixed disk and floating disc, and floating disc, which is moved along track far from fixed disk, can be such that array arm shrinks, it is not necessary to tear open
The transport of test device can be realized in lower array arm, and it is convenient to operate, and testing efficiency is high；Floating disc is moved along track close to fixed disk
Can array arm open, by camera and sonic transducer acquisition noise data can accurate acquisition noise cloud atlas, can be compared with
Noise source position accurately is found out, data are provided and are supported for the noise abatement of substation and environment evaluation and test.Test of the invention
Device can shrink array arm in the moving process of test, without frequently dismounting, can reduce the damage of equipment component, can drop
Low testing cost.The present invention drives entire test device to move the cunning, it can be achieved that array in substation by movable pedestal
It moves, by the compensation of phase compensation, spatial position one virtual large scale array of synthesis, it can be achieved that low-frequency noise in substation
Precise measurement.
Further, the sonic transducer on existing array arm uses external pull out and insert on type sensor, and each use is both needed to plug
Once, often plug influences sensor life-time repeatedly, often falls damage because jolting when using and dismounting, acoustic sensor belongs to
Vulnerable part leads to testing cost height.The present invention uses, and sonic transducer is arranged in carbon fiber pipe, and carbon fiber pipe mentions for sensor
It is not necessarily to remove sonic transducer for protection, and every time after the completion of use, be saved by systolic array arm, convenient for operation, also mentioned
High testing efficiency.The size of embedded micro mechanical sensor is small, can be embedded in sensor arm, be easily installed.
Further, by pitch regulation motor driven rotating arm rotate, and then be able to drive fixed disk rotation, it can be achieved that
The adjusting of array arm vertical direction measurement angle, convenient for the alignment of array arm in high-order target to be measured, without by padded
So that the inclined mode of support frame is carried out angle measurement adjusting, can extended testing system device service life, to a certain extent reduce test at
This.
Further, the electromagnetic interference in substation is stronger, and collected sonic transducer is analog signal, is believed by simulation
Number line is transmitted, and the reliability of data transmission is poor, and the analog signal that sonic transducer acquires is converted digital letter by the present invention
It number is transmitted, the reliability of data transmission can be enhanced.Carbon fiber pipe has shielding action, and signal wire is placed in carbon fiber pipe
It is interior, the electromagnetic interference that signal wire is subject to, the reliability of improve data transfer can be reduced.
Further, it is provided with screw track in fixed disk, moveable floating disc, array are installed in screw track
Arm is hinged in fixed disk and floating disc, and floating disc, which is moved along screw axis far from fixed disk, can be such that array arm shrinks, it is not necessary to
Removing array arm can be realized transport of the test device between measuring point, and it is convenient to operate, and testing efficiency is high；Floating disc is along screw shaft
Line close to fixed disk movement can array arm open, accurate can be obtained by camera and sonic transducer acquisition noise data
Noise cloud atlas is obtained, data are provided and are supported for the noise abatement of substation and environment evaluation and test；According to beam-forming technology, it is able to suppress
The interference of ambient noise obtains noise cloud atlas, can obtain the sounding size of specific each sound source, noise positioning accuracy about 1cm,
Meet high-precision noise in substation and positions needs；The measuring devices such as existing sound level meter, which are limited by safe distance in substation, to be wanted
It asks, development that can not be safe measures, and the present invention can measure farther out apart from sound source, can meet 750,000 apart from 10 meters of sound source
Volt, 1000 kilovolts of even higher measurement requests for charging position.
Further, optical axis plays a part of to support mounting base for camera head and floating disc, reinforces the stabilization of test device movement
Property；Camera is used for the location drawing picture information etc. of acquisition noise, and collecting device, which is added, can block camera, influences the number of camera
According to acquisition, floating disc of the invention is between mounting base for camera head and fixed disk, it is ensured that camera is in front end, avoids floating
Moving plate and collecting device block camera, it is ensured that camera energy normal acquisition image data.
Further, noise cloud atlas is the superposition of acoustic image and image, and the angle of camera collection image is very crucial, at present
Volume array mostly use the mode of bolt or bonding to be connected in fixed disk greatly, be disassembly and assembly structure, each use, which will install, takes the photograph
Picture head also needs to calibrate camera because of the presence of installation error using preceding, and calibration operation is complicated, and time-consuming, and camera
Angle easily change, cause test data misalignment camera can be set by using installation cavity and protection board
Angle protected, after camera first time installation calibrating, save calibration data, every time in use, camera do not have to remove,
Also it is not required to calibrate again, easy to use, the data of test are more accurate.
Further, it is provided with the sonic transducer of acquisition noise on array arm, connecting rod is hinged on adapter, can keep away
Exempt from connecting rod and block sonic transducer, it is ensured that the accurate acquisition noise data of sonic transducer energy further promote test device
The accuracy of test.
Further, the quantity of array arm is 7-10, and the quantity for the sonic transducer being arranged on each array arm is 9-12
It is a to obtain preferable test effect.
Test method of the invention can adjust the water of array arm by movable pedestal based on test device of the invention
Square to angle measurement can faster find out in substation and make an uproar by image and acoustic image synthesis convenient for alignment target to be measured
The sound source of sound；It drives test device to measure in multiple measuring points by movable pedestal, larger-size virtual array can be synthesized,
The low-frequency noise in substation can more accurately be measured；Array arm can be collapsed to the whole shifting for carrying out test device in test process
It is dynamic, it is not necessary to dismount test device, testing efficiency is higher；The rapid wears component such as sensor can be avoided to a certain extent without dismounting
It loses and damage, testing cost is lower.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that a kind of overall structure of shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation noise cloud atlas test device of the invention is shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 2 is the explosive view of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the partial enlargement structural representation in Fig. 1 for the mechanism of gathering；
Fig. 4 is a kind of connection structure schematic block diagram of data acquisition process transmitting device of the invention；
Fig. 5 is a kind of structural schematic block diagram of the master control borad of data acquisition process transmitting device of the invention；
Fig. 6 is a kind of structural schematic block diagram of the sensor board of data acquisition process transmitting device of the invention；
Fig. 7 is the data transmission schematic block diagram of sensor board in Fig. 6；
Fig. 8 is the data of master control borad and sensor board transmission signal in a kind of data acquisition process transmitting device of the invention
Block diagram；
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of synthetic aperture measurement method；
Fig. 1 is into Fig. 3,1 movable pedestal；2 columns；3 rotating arms；4 pitch regulation motors；5U type bracket；6 control cabinets；7
Fixed arm；8 screw drive motors；9 fixed disks；10 optical axis supports；11 adapters；12 array arms；13 protection boards；14 cameras peace
Fill seat；15 screw holders；16 thread bush；17 optical axises；18 linear bearings；19 floating discs；20 connecting rods.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 3, a kind of shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation noise cloud atlas test device of the invention, packet
It includes: movable pedestal 1, fixed disk 9, floating disc 19, pitching regulating device, control cabinet 6, analog-digital commutator and several array arms
12。
Pitching regulating device, including pitch regulation motor 4 and rotating arm 3, pitch regulation motor 4 are fixedly mounted on support frame
On, the output shaft of pitch regulation motor 4 is connected by transmission device with rotating arm 3, and fixed disk 9 passes through the fixed peace of fixed arm 7
On rotating arm 3；Pitch regulation motor 4 drives rotating arm 3 to drive the rotation of fixed disk 9, it can be achieved that 12 vertical direction of array arm
The adjusting of angle measurement.Present test device does not have angle measurement regulatory function, it is more difficult to alignment target object；Encounter the survey for needing to adjust the angle
When point, the mode of artificial padded support frame is generallyd use, this mode efficiency is lower, test data is not accurate enough and is easily damaged
Test equipment；Test device of the invention is provided with pitching regulating device, for the adjusting of vertical direction angle measurement, passes through pitching tune
It saves the driving drive fixed disk 9 of rotating arm 3 of motor 4 and rotates the adjusting, it can be achieved that the whole vertical direction measurement angle of array arm 12, just
In alignment target object, vertical angles can be adjusted flexibly, and regulated efficiency is higher, while can avoid damage test equipment, reduce test
Cost.The shooting angle of each shooting point can be made to be consistent by angle measurement adjusting, convenient for the superposition in later period, noise cloud can be improved
The accuracy of figure.
It is provided with track in fixed disk 9, floating disc 19 is installed on track, floating disc 19 can move in orbit, rail
The axis in road, the axis of fixed disk 9 are overlapped with the axis of floating disc 19.Specifically: track is screw rod or lead screw, and screw rod is rotatable
Setting in fixed disk 9, screw rod is connected by transmission device with the output shaft of screw drive motor 8, and floating disc 19 passes through
Linear bearing 18 is mounted on screw rod, and the axis of screw rod, the axis of fixed disk 9 are overlapped with the axis of floating disc 19.Pass through screw rod
Driving motor 8 can drive screw rod rotatable around its axis, and screw rod can make floating disc 19 along the axial-movement of screw rod when rotating, can
Keep floating disc 19 close and far from fixed disk 9, realize the opening and contraction of array arm 12, is carried convenient for the transport of test device；
In addition, using screw rod that can also more accurately control the opening angle of array arm 12 as track, the accurate of noise testing can be improved
Degree.
Optical axis 17 is fixedly installed in fixed disk 9, the axis of optical axis 17 and the axis of screw rod are parallel, and fixation is set on optical axis 17
It is equipped with mounting base for camera head 14, floating disc 19 is slidably disposed on optical axis 17, and floating disc 19 is in mounting base for camera head 14
Between fixed disk 9.Specifically: one end of optical axis 17 is fixedly mounted in fixed disk 9 by optical axis support 10, optical axis 17 it is another
One end passes through the optical axis through-hole on floating disc 19, and one end of 17 pass-out optical axis through-hole of optical axis passes through screw holder 15 and thread bush
16 are fixedly installed with mounting base for camera head 14, and mounting base for camera head 14 includes installation cavity and protection board 13, and camera is mounted on
In behaveing affectedly, protection board 13 is for covering installation cavity protection camera.Optical axis 17 plays support mounting base for camera head 14 and floating disc 19
Effect, reinforce test device movement stability；Camera is used for the location drawing picture information etc. of acquisition noise, the letter of camera
Number output end is all connected with data acquisition processing device, by collected information conveyance to data acquisition processing device；It is added and shrinks
Device can block camera, influence the data acquisition of camera, and floating disc 19 of the invention is in mounting base for camera head 14 and consolidates
Between price fixing 9, it is ensured that camera avoids floating disc 19 from blocking camera in front end, it is ensured that camera energy normal acquisition image
Data.
Adapter 11 is provided on each array arm 12, array arm 12 is hinged in fixed disk 9 by adapter 11,
Each array arm 12 is connect with floating disc 19 by a connecting rod 20, the both ends of connecting rod 20 respectively with turn of array arm 12
Connector 11 and floating disc 19 are hinged, and 19 orbital motion of floating disc can draw array arm 12 and complete umbrella-type folding.Each array
Arm 12, array arm 12 and the connecting rod 20 of floating disc 19 and the axis co-planar of floating disc 19, it can be ensured that array arm 12 was shunk can
By property.
Array arm 12 is carbon fiber pipe, and sonic transducer is arranged in carbon fiber pipe, and sonic transducer is embedded micromechanics
Sensor.Several sonic transducers are provided in each array arm 12, the signal output end of each sonic transducer is all connected with data
Acquisition processing device.Specifically: the signal output end of sonic transducer is believed by the simulation of analog signal line and analog-digital commutator
Number receiving end is connected, and the digital signal output end of analog-digital commutator passes through the number of digital signal line and data acquisition device
Signal receiving end is connected, and analog signal line and digital signal line are all set in array arm 12.Analog-digital commutator is close to sound
Sensor arrangement.The quantity of array arm 12 is 7-9, and the quantity for the sonic transducer being arranged on each array arm 12 is 9-12.
Sonic transducer on existing array arm 12 uses external pull out and insert on type sensor, and it is primary that each use is both needed to plug, often pulls out repeatedly
Inserting influences sensor life-time, often falls damage because jolting when using and dismounting, acoustic sensor belongs to vulnerable part, causes to test
At high cost, the present invention uses, and sonic transducer is arranged in carbon fiber pipe, and carbon fiber pipe provides protection for sensor, and makes every time
With without removing sonic transducer, saving after the completion by systolic array arm 12, convenient for operation, testing efficiency is also improved,
Damage sensor can be avoided to a certain degree, can reduce testing cost.The size of embedded micro mechanical sensor is small, can be embedded in biography
In sensor arm, it is easily installed.Electromagnetic interference in substation is larger, signal wire is arranged in array arm 12 and by analog signal
Be converted into digital signal to be transmitted, the electromagnetic interference being subject in data transmission procedure can be reduced, can be improved data transmission can
By property.
Control cabinet 6 is fixed on fixed arm 7, and data acquisition device is arranged in control cabinet 6, sonic transducer and camera shooting
The signal output end of head is connected with the signal receiving end of the data acquisition device of control cabinet 6 respectively, the control signal of control cabinet 6
Output end is connected with the signal receiving end of pitch regulation motor 4 and screw drive motor 8 respectively；It can be connect by control cabinet 6
Collected noise data is received, the operation of control pitch regulation motor 4 and screw drive motor 8 can be controlled by control cabinet 6
The contraction of state, the angle measurement adjusting and array arm 12 of realizing the vertical direction of test device is opened, convenient for operation, convenient for test dress
Set whole transport and carrying.
Existing volume array test device is dismounting connection, and former array splits into multiple components difference for the ease of transport
Be packaged, to use site after all assembling uses again, be related to components more than 300, be easily lost, cause testing cost higher；
Time-consuming assembling need 2 hours for man-made assembly；Consumption is artificial more, needs 4 people to cooperate and completes overall package work.Test device of the invention
Whole fixed connections of mechanical device, using and recycle only needs to split into whole system into several components on demand, can avoid losing, will
The gathering of array arm 12 can transport, and without disassembly, using and recycle only is needed 10 minutes, it is only necessary to and work can be completed in 1 people's control,
Workload is largely reduced, testing efficiency is improved, reduces testing cost.Existing volume array test device array
Arm 12 is fixed in fixed disk 9, and fixed disk 9 is fixed on bracket, can not automatically adjust angle measurement and movement, using manually adjusting
With the mode of carrying, workload is huge and angle measurement is difficult to accurately be consistent, and can not realize virtual by array sliding synthesis
Large-size matrix；Test device of the invention can more accurately adjust measurement angle by angle measurement regulating device, angle measurement can be made to protect
It holds unanimously, convenient for the image in later period and the superposition processing of acoustic image, can be improved the accuracy of acoustic image distribution map, pass through and move bottom
Seat 1 drives test device movement that can choose any number of measuring points, greatly reduces workload, passes through phase compensation, space bit
Set compensation synthesis one virtual large scale array, it can be achieved that in substation low-frequency noise precise measurement.Wherein, chassis is transported
It is dynamic controllable, thus can degree of precision control travel distance, such as mono- measuring point of every advance 75.5cm, manual handling can not be accurate
Control forward travel distance, and larger workload；Array be can guarantee towards unchanged direction, multiple measuring points are carried out using identical measurement angle
Measurement, manual handling often make array deflect, influence test result.The low frequency of existing volume configuration measuring device
Noise positioning accuracy is insufficient, and there is presently no low-frequency noise high precision measurement dresses that is a kind of sufficiently large and allowing access into substation
It sets.
The working principle of the invention analysis: the process of phase compensation and spatial position compensation synthesis virtual array needs accurate
Location information, existing volume configuration test device mostly use greatly tripod to carry out support volume battle array, and manual handling shift position is moved
Dynamic difficult and angle measurement is difficult to adjust, and not can guarantee the accuracy of synthesis, according to the long 1.7 meters of calculating of the sound wave of the 200Hz velocity of sound, carries
When position it is every deviate 0.1 meter, will lead to phase error increase by 5%；At present beamforming algorithm phase error should control 2% with
It is interior.Since substation's main noise is continuous and stable, it is possible to using the correlation of sound source radiation signal, by certain
Phase and spatial position compensation, by basic matrix along fixed-direction move multiple positions after superposition synthesize virtual large aperture battle array
Column, to obtain the noise source locating effect for being equal to large aperture array.Specifically: (1) select the wanted one-point measurement of receiving array
Position, fixed near its forward direction one with battle array center with high microphone as reference array element, and with reference to receive
The signal of point continuous sampling noise field；(2) it allows array to move along noise source transmission face parallel direction, believes the spatial sampling of array
Breath maximizes.It is often moved to a position, will stop and several seconds are acquired to noise source regional signal.And it records every time mobile
Length d, the array of each position regarded to a subarray of virtual array as, virtual array made of extending after mobile n times
Column are considered as the large aperture array that horizontal span is D+d × n, and wherein D is the diameter projected of array；(3) when all mobile positions
Set place signal acquisition it is complete after, by collected signal by a certain centre frequency be fhNarrow band filter, utilize
Hilbert converts the plural form for obtaining signal, right after the reference phase difference for calculating first subarray and other subarrays
The reception signal of all subarrays is synthesized, and obtained auditory localization result is the acoustic fix ranging knot of virtual array after extending
Fruit.
With reference to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the data acquisition process that substation's noise cloud atlas test device of the invention uses transmits dress
It sets, comprising: sensor board, Field Programmable Logic Array FPGA, power supply and host computer；Power supply and master control borad pass through DC-0005
Connector connection, power supply provide power supply for master control borad, and FPGA is connected with host computer.Sensor board is arranged on array arm.
FPGA includes data decoder module, data simultaneous module, data processing module, pushup storage fifo module
And communication module, data decoder module are connected by external interface with sensor board, the received data of data decoder module according to
It is secondary to pass to host computer by data simultaneous module, data processing module, fifo module and communication module.It is same by setting data
Module is walked, can further ensure that the synchronism of data, calculated result deviation caused by can reduce because of data poor synchronization.
Communication module realizes that communication speed is not less than 100 megabits per second by Gigabit Ethernet module or USB module.
USB module is made of USB driving circuit, and the data receiver of dma module and the data output end of fifo module connect, DMA mould
The data output end of block is connect with USB driving circuit, and the data of acquisition are output to USB from equipment through USB driving circuit.It considers
Information, the communication speeds such as transmission control bit are at least up to 100M, just can guarantee that data link will not block.
Gigabit Ethernet module is realized by ARM or FPGA.Gigabit Ethernet module includes ARM module, MAC module and ether
Network interface；ARM module includes dma module and ICP/IP protocol stack, and the data receiver of dma module and the data of fifo module export
End connection, the data output end of dma module are connected with the data receiver of ICP/IP protocol stack, the data of ICP/IP protocol stack
The data output end of the connection of the data receiver of output end and MAC module, MAC module is connected by Ethernet interface with host computer
It connects.Data enter in FPGA K7 controller the decoding for carrying out array data, data source synchronization, agreement framing, and are stored in high speed
FIFO, and ARM A9 controller is notified in the form of interruption.ARM A9 controller uses DMA reading group frame number from FPGA K7
According to, and exported by ICP/IP protocol stack.Data are sent to after the processing of gigabit Ethernet PHY chip by gigabit Ethernet mouth
Host computer carries out data processing and arithmetic analysis.
With reference to Fig. 6 to Fig. 8, sensor board includes: power conversion module, clock buffer module, clock synchronization module, signal
Synchronization module, signal conditioning module, signal enhancing module and several sensors；The power input and power supply of power conversion module
Connection, the power output end of power conversion module are connect with the power supply receiving end of each sensor；The signal of clock buffer module
Receiving end is connect with clock signal, and the signal output end of clock buffer module is connected with the signal receiving end of clock synchronization module
It connects, the signal output end of clock synchronization module is connect with the clock signal receiving end of each sensor；Each sensor acquisition
Signal successively passes through signal synchronization module, signal conditioning module and signal enhancing module input FPGA.Specifically: external interface
Clock by buffering and Multi-path synchronous after give sensor, then to sensor response data carry out signal condition, synchronization,
Signal enhancing etc., and collection plate is given by external interface.The 5V power supply that outside provides is converted to inside by power conversion module
Power supply needed for microphone, that is, sensor and circuit.Power conversion module is arranged in sensor board, and it is attached to be connected to sensor nearby
Closely, transmission range is close, the substation's electromagnetic interference capable of reducing power source being subject to.All the sensors share a clock signal, can protect
Multiple sensor stringent synchronization acquisitions are demonstrate,proved, ensure that the accurate and reliable of data acquisition.Use digital transducer or analog sensed
Device is AD converted (real by digital transducer-conditioning circuit or analog sensor-A/D module-conditioning circuit nearby
It is existing), transmission line digital signal can avoid analog signal in substation by electromagnetic interference, further be promoted and be collected
Reliability of the data in transmission process.Clock signal can be made more stable by the way that clock buffer module is arranged, can make to adopt
Sample data are more stable, can finally reduce measurement error to a certain extent.
The data acquisition process transmitting device of substation's noise cloud atlas test device of the invention carries out digital mould in front end
Quasi- transformation is transmitted to data processing centre by digital transmission line, and Data processing is counted by programmable logic array in the heart
According to processing, coordinated control is carried out by ARM, and be transmitted to rear end through Ethernet, or local guarantor is carried out by built-in, external memory
It deposits.The data acquisition process transmitting device of substation's noise cloud atlas test device of the invention is tested specifically in noise cloud atlas
Device design, no traditional number adopt the redundancy feature of instrument, the high reliablity of data acquisition transmission；Cost, present invention dress can be reduced
The cost set can reduce 30% or so using the cost that number adopts instrument compared at present；System boot speed is fast, number adopt efficiency compared with
Height, traditional number adopt instrument and use windows operating system, and functional redundancy, system starting is slow, and booting, which can extremely start test, to be needed
Want nearly 3 minutes or so, the device of the invention since be switched on to can test only need 30 seconds or so, can be improved data acquisition pass
Defeated efficiency.
A kind of control cabinet of substation's noise cloud atlas test device, master control borad is provided in control cabinet, and FPGA is arranged in master
It controls on plate.Master control borad is inclined in control cabinet, and waterproof construction is provided on master control borad；The waterproof construction includes drainage hole
And gas vent.The circuit board of data acquisition process transmitting device carries out anti-corrosion treatment.Number is provided in control cabinet of the invention
According to acquisition process transmitting device, data acquisition process transmitting device small in volume can be realized handhold portable acquisition.
Avoid ponding structure: the external form of master control borad properly tilts, and reduces hole, slot etc. to the greatest extent, in possible ponding and retention
The space of moisture opens up draining and gas vent, and avoid rough surface etc..So that ponding is quickly excluded, prevents ponding
The erosion at place.Under the biggish climatic environment of humidity, control cabinet is avoided as far as possible using structure types such as spot welding, riveting, screw threads for fastening,
The preferential structure type for selecting sheet metal structural or integral cast cabinet to avoid crevice corrosion is formed, while can form gap
It is subject to encapsulation process at corrosion or adds sealing gasket.In same structure, such as used different types of metal, then it should be wherein
Plating, which is coated, on a kind of metal allows the coat of metal being in contact with second of metal or two kinds of metal materials to plate same gold
Belong to coating, or apply insulating protective layer between two metals or place liner, the EMC Requirements of equipment should be taken into account at this time.
In the case where being possible to generate stress corrosion cracking, it should be noted that avoid the structure type for causing stress to be concentrated, and take suitably
Technological measure eliminate internal stress.It is easiest to that corrosion occurs and maximum corrosion location thickeies scantling, commonly referred to as " corrosion is abundant
Degree ", generally takes the desired amount of twice of life expectancy.The part for damaging for corrosion-vulnerable and must being regularly maintained and replacing, is answered
Guarantee from structure for ease of maintenaince, replacement.Add chemical coating.Structural member surface is produced with the method for electrochemistry or chemistry
Certain compound and form coating, with achieve the purpose that environment resistant factor influence.Anti-corrosion treatment is carried out in circuit board surface,
Special three-proofing coating is sprayed, guarantees that acid and salt fog cannot directly contact circuit board.
A kind of data acquisition process transmission method of substation's noise cloud atlas test device, comprising the following steps:
A, the signal of the sensor acquisition of sensor board synchronizes after analog-to-digital conversion, data encoding passes to FPGA；
B, data, which enter after FPGA, successively carries out being stored in fifo module after data decoding, data source be synchronous and agreement framing,
And notify communication module；
C, communication module reads Framed Data from FPGA, and passes to host computer.
Wherein, in step A, the clock signal of external interface is passed by buffering and giving each sensor after Multi-path synchronous
The data of sensor acquisition pass to FPGA after successively carrying out signal condition, synchronization and signal enhancing；
Power supply needed for the power supply that outside provides is converted to internal sensor and circuit by power conversion module.
In step B, communication module is notified in the form of interruption.
In step C, host computer is passed to by Ethernet or USB.
Communication module can be realized by Gigabit Ethernet module or high speed USB module, it is desirable that its communication speed is not less than 100,000,000
Bits per second, communication module are connected to the interruption that FPGA is sent and are followed by by data and send data to host computer.Communication module
It can receive the control data that host computer is sent simultaneously, control data bag includes the setting of sensor sample rate and motor control
Data, the data are transmitted to FPGA via communication module, and FPGA control sensor is sampled with the sample rate that host computer is assigned
Or the revolving speed that requires according to host computer of control motor and direction work.
In existing collecting and transmitting method, the collected analogue data of sensor is directly sent to by coaxial cable mostly
Number adopts host, and 2 meters of analog signal data wire length or so, electromagnetic environment is complicated in substation, and signal will affect measurement vulnerable to interference
As a result accuracy and reliability；What is transmitted in transmission method of the invention is digital signal, digital signal strong antijamming capability.
In current collecting and transmitting method, sensing data enters number and adopts, and counting in adopting has host computer, and host computer is exactly a PC machine, can
Think and to know that number is adopted very big very heavy, it has not been convenient to carry.FPGA module very little of the invention, easy to use, booting quickly, passes through gigabit
Ethernet is transferred to host computer, and host computer is unrestricted, and laptop can be transferred to gigabit wireless ethernet, and (notebook is made
For host computer), use is more convenient, it is known that number of the invention adopts transmission method using more flexible.
Synthetic aperture algorithm is as shown in Figure 9, it is assumed that array has M array element, and each array is not deposited between each other after moving
The phenomenon that array element is overlapped.Rectangular coordinate system in space is established as coordinate origin using the geometric center of basic matrix at position 1, if target is made an uproar
There is m in sound source regionsThe point sound source of a same frequency, then sound-source signal can be expressed as following form:
Wherein, A is the amplitude of sound-source signal, rikIt is the coordinate vector of i-th k point sound source, ω is signal angular frequency, and k is
Wave number.
So, the signal that m-th of array element of n-th of subarray of entire virtual large aperture array receives is
In above formula, rn,mIt is the coordinate vector of n-th of subarray, m-th of array element, θnIt is the initial reference of n-th of subarray
Phase, and 1≤n≤ns, 1≤m≤M.
Because the position of reference array element is fixed, different moments received signal is only dependent upon the change of its initial phase
Change, therefore can use the reference array element received signal with subarray synchronized sampling, it is initial between each submatrix to calculate
Reference phase difference Δ θn1,n2
Δθn1,n2=θn1-θn2=arg [E (sn1/sn2)] (3)
Wherein, θn1、θn2It is the initial reference phase of the n-th 1 and the n-th 2 submatrixs, s respectivelyn1、sn2It is the n-th 1 and the n-th 2 respectively
A submatrix is synchronized with the sampled signal of reference array element, its explement is sought in arg [] expression, its expectation is asked in E [] expression.
At this point, n-th of the subarray inscribed when based on virtual large aperture basic matrix, m-th of array element received signal xn,m(t) may be used
It is converted according to the following formula, is expressed as the input letter of n-th of large aperture basic matrix, m-th of the subarray array element after synthesis
Number x'n,m(t):
All subarray received signals can be synchronous with the realization of the reception signal of first subarray, thus by each
The reception signal of position subarray is converted into the whole of virtual large aperture basic matrix and receives signal.If q-th of basic matrix of virtual large aperture
Microphone (1≤q≤(ns+ 1) × M) correspond to n-th of subarray, m-th of array element, enable yq(t)=x 'n,m(t), then synthetic aperture
Signal covariance matrix that treated are as follows:
Rq1,q2=E [yq1(t)yq2(t)], 1≤q1, q2≤(ns+1)×M (5)
In above formula, yq1(t)、yq2(t) be respectively q1, q2 microphones of virtual basic matrix reception signal.Enable noise source institute
The plane of scanning motion on any point coordinate vector be rs, then the wave beam at the scanning element exports PsAre as follows:
Ps=wHRw
Wherein w is weighing vector, and
After point all on the plane of scanning motion has been calculated, the Energy distribution of noise source can be obtained.
A kind of test method based on shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation noise cloud atlas test device of the invention, tool
Body the following steps are included:
Step 1, floating disc 19 is moved along track far from fixed disk 9, and array arm 12 is shunk, will be whole by movable pedestal 1
A test device is transported to measuring point；
Step 2, floating disc 19 is moved along track close to fixed disk 9, and array arm 12 opens, and horizontal direction angle measurement needs to adjust
Go to step 3, horizontal direction angle measurement, which does not need to adjust, gos to step 4；
Step 3, the horizontal direction angle measurement that array arm 12 is adjusted by movable pedestal 1, makes array arm 12 towards mesh to be measured
Mark object；
Step 4, pass through camera and sonic transducer acquisition noise data；
Step 5, by the preset fixed range of test device transverse shifting；
Step 6, step 4 and step 5 are repeated, until all acquisition finishes and gos to step 7 default measuring point；
Step 7, whole noise datas of acquisition are handled by synthetic aperture algorithm, obtains measuring point in substation
Low-frequency noise cloud atlas.
Test method of the invention is based on test device of the invention, without dismantling array arm in the moving process of measuring point
12, testing cost is lower, and testing efficiency is higher, while also reducing the workload of test, can very fast calibrated acquisition measuring point
Acoustic image distribution map can comparatively fast obtain the information such as the sound source position of noise；One is synthesized by the compensation of phase compensation, spatial position
A virtual large scale array, it can be achieved that in substation low-frequency noise relatively precise measurement.
A kind of umbellate form volume configuration substation noise cloud atlas test device of the invention, comprising: pedestal, mounting rack, angle measurement
Regulating device, control cabinet 6, fixed disk 9, floating disc 19 and several array arms 12.
Pedestal is movably to be provided with from walking basal seat, pedestal for mobile idler wheel, and mounting rack selects column 2,
The lower end of column 2 is fixedly mounted on pedestal by connection types such as bolts, and the upper end of column 2 is equipped with angle measurement regulating device.
Angle measurement regulating device is pitching regulating device, and pitching regulating device includes pitch regulation motor 4, u-bracket 5 and rotation
Pivoted arm 3.U-bracket 5 is fixedly mounted on the upper end of column 2, and pitch regulation motor 4 is fixedly mounted on bracket, under rotating arm 3
End is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of pitch regulation motor 4, and pitch regulation motor 4 is able to drive the rotation of rotating arm 3.Rotating arm 3
Upper end be fixedly installed with fixed arm 7, one end of fixed arm 7 is equipped with control cabinet 6, and the other end is fixedly installed with fixed disk 9, Gu
Screw drive motor 8 is fixedly installed in fixed arm 7.3 optical axises 17 are fixedly installed with by optical axis support 10 in fixed disk 9, Gu
Screw rod is provided on price fixing 9, the axis of optical axis 17 and the axis of screw rod are parallel, and the axis of screw rod is overlapped with the axis of fixed disk 9,
Screw rod is connected by transmission device with the output shaft of screw drive motor 8, and screw drive motor 8 can drive screw rod around its axis
Line rotation.
3 optical axis through-holes and 1 screw rod mounting hole are correspondingly provided on floating disc 19, floating disc 19 passes through screw rod mounting hole
It is mounted on screw rod with linear bearing 18, the axis of floating disc 19 is overlapped with the axis of screw rod, while floating disc 19 passes through optical axis
Through-hole is set on the optical axis 17 of fixed disk 9, and when screw rod rotates, floating disc 19 can be along the axial-movement of screw rod, 19 energy of floating disc
Enough to slide on optical axis 17, optical axis 17 plays the role of support floating disk 19.
Each array arm 12 is hinged in fixed disk 9 by adapter 11, and array arm 12 is equal around the axis of fixed disk 9
Cloth, each array arm 12 are connect by a connecting rod 20 with floating disc 19, and one end of connecting rod 20 is hinged on floating disc 19
On, the other end of connecting rod 20 is hinged on adapter 11.Each array arm 12, the corresponding connecting rod 20 of array arm 12 and floating
The axis three of disk 19 is coplanar.
Array arm 12 is carbon fiber pipe, and voicing sensor is arranged in carbon fiber pipe, and the quantity of array arm 12 is 7, each
The quantity of sonic transducer in array arm 12 is 9, the signal output end of camera and each sonic transducer with control cabinet 6
Signal receiving end is connected.The signal wire of connection sonic transducer and control cabinet 6 is set in carbon fiber pipe, the electromagnetism in substation
Interference is stronger, and signal wire, which is set in carbon fiber pipe, can enhance anti-interference, the reliability of improve data transfer.Sonic transducer
It is connected by analog signal line or digital signal line with the data acquisition device in control cabinet 6.
One end of 17 pass-out floating disc 19 of optical axis is fixedly installed with mounting base for camera head 14, and mounting base for camera head 14 includes peace
It behave affectedly and protection board 13, camera is installed in installation cavity, protection board 13 can protect camera for covering installation cavity, prevent
The angle of camera changes, it is ensured that the accuracy of test.
A kind of test method based on umbellate form volume configuration substation noise cloud atlas test device of the invention, specifically includes
Following steps:
Step 1, test device is taken out from transport case, checks the integrality of test device；
Step 2, the test angle of the vertical direction of array arm 12 is adjusted by pitching regulating device；
Step 3, floating disc 19 is moved along screw track close to fixed disk 9, opens array arm 12；
Step 4, the noise data for measuring tested point obtains measuring point by camera and sonic transducer acquisition noise data
Noise cloud atlas；
Step 5, floating disc 19 is moved along screw track far from fixed disk 9, collapses array arm 12, measuring point has not surveyed jump all
Step 6 is gone to, measuring point all surveys the beam that finishes；
Step 6, test device is transported to by another tested point by movable pedestal 1, repeats step 2-5.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation noise cloud atlas test device characterized by comprising movable pedestal
(1), fixed disk (9), floating disc (19) and several array arms (12)；
Fixed disk (9) is mounted on movable pedestal (1) by mounting rack, and track is provided in fixed disk (9), is installed on track
Have floating disc (19), floating disc (19) can move in orbit, the axis and floating disc of the axis of track, fixed disk (9)
(19) axis is overlapped, and fixed disk is provided with camera on (9)；
Each array arm (12) is hinged on fixed disk (9), and each array arm (12) by a connecting rod (20) and is floated
Moving plate (19) connection, the both ends of connecting rod (20) respectively with array arm (12) and floating disc (19) hingedly, floating disc (19) is along rail
Road movement can draw array arm (12) and complete umbrella-type folding；
Several sonic transducers are provided on each array arm (12)；
The signal output end of camera and each sonic transducer is all connected with data acquisition processing device.
2. a kind of shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation noise cloud atlas test device according to claim 1, feature
It is, array arm (12) is carbon fiber pipe, and sonic transducer is arranged in carbon fiber pipe, and sonic transducer is embedded micromechanics sensing
Device.
3. a kind of shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation noise cloud atlas test device according to claim 2, feature
It is, further includes: pitching regulating device；
Pitching regulating device includes pitch regulation motor (4) and rotating arm (3)；Pitch regulation motor (4) is fixedly mounted on removable
On dynamic pedestal (1), the output shaft of pitch regulation motor (4) is fixedly installed with rotating arm (3), and fixed disk (9) is fixedly mounted on rotation
On pivoted arm (3).
4. a kind of shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation noise cloud atlas test device according to claim 2, feature
It is, further includes analog-digital commutator；The signal output end of sonic transducer passes through the mould of analog signal line and analog-digital commutator
Quasi- signal receiving end is connected, and the digital signal output end of analog-digital commutator passes through digital signal line and data acquisition device
Digital signal reception end is connected, and analog signal line and digital signal line are all set in array arm (12).
5. a kind of shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation noise cloud atlas test device according to claim 2, feature
It is, further includes: screw drive motor (8)；Track is screw rod, and screw rod is spindle rotationally arranged on fixed disk (9), and screw rod passes through
Transmission device is connected with the output shaft of screw drive motor (8), and floating disc (19) is mounted on screw rod, and screw rod rotation being capable of band
Dynamic floating disc (19) are moved along the axis of screw rod, the axis weight of the axis of screw rod, the axis of fixed disk (9) and floating disc (19)
It closes.
6. a kind of shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation noise cloud atlas test device according to claim 2, feature
It is, is fixedly installed in fixed disk (9) optical axis (17), is fixedly installed on optical axis (17) mounting base for camera head (14), is floated
Disk (19) is slidably disposed on optical axis (17), and floating disc (19) is between mounting base for camera head (14) and fixed disk (9).
7. a kind of shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation noise cloud atlas test device according to claim 6, feature
It is, mounting base for camera head (14) includes installation cavity and protection board (13), and camera is mounted in installation cavity, and protection board (13) is used
Camera is protected in capping installation cavity.
8. a kind of shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation noise cloud atlas test device according to claim 2, feature
It is, is provided with adapter (11) on each array arm (12), array arm (12) is hinged on fixation by adapter (11)
On disk (9), one end that connecting rod (20) is connect with array arm (12) is hinged on adapter (11).
9. a kind of shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation noise cloud atlas test device according to claim 1, feature
It is, the quantity of array arm (12) is 7-9, and the quantity for the sonic transducer being arranged on each array arm (12) is 9-12.
10. a kind of tested based on shrinkable volume configuration low frequency substation's noise cloud atlas described in any one of claims 1 to 9
The test method of device, which is characterized in that comprising the following specific steps
Step 1, floating disc (19) is moved along track far from fixed disk (9), and array arm (12) is shunk, and is passed through movable pedestal (1)
Entire test device is transported to measuring point；
Step 2, floating disc (19) is moved along track close to fixed disk (9), and array arm (12) opens, and is passed through movable pedestal (1)
The horizontal direction angle measurement for adjusting array arm (12), makes array arm (12) towards target to be measured；
Step 3, by camera and sonic transducer acquisition noise data,
Step 4, test device is moved integrally into preset fixed range；
Step 5, step 3 and step 4 are repeated, until all acquisition finishes and gos to step 6 default measuring point；
Step 6, whole noise datas of acquisition are handled, obtains the low-frequency noise cloud atlas of measuring point in substation.
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