CN109022944B - Aluminum alloy plate for cartridge case and production method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy plate for cartridge case and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
- B22D1/002—Treatment with gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D43/00—Mechanical cleaning, e.g. skimming of molten metals
- B22D43/001—Retaining slag during pouring molten metal
- B22D43/004—Retaining slag during pouring molten metal by using filtering means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
- F42B12/76—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy plate for a cartridge case and a production method thereof. The aluminum alloy plate contains chemical elements of Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn and Ti, and the balance of Al, and is prepared by smelting, casting, soaking treatment, surface milling, hot rolling, annealing and other processes. The invention mainly utilizes the characteristics of low strength and high plasticity of the aluminum alloy before solution heat treatment, and utilizes high-precision equipment and reasonable processing technology thereof, thereby effectively eliminating the component segregation of the aluminum alloy ingot, reducing the internal stress of the ingot and having uniform chemical components; the produced aluminum alloy plate for the aluminum cartridge case has good plasticity and high strength and hardness, and eliminates and reduces the adverse effects of hydrogen and slag in metal materials; completely meets the high performance requirement for the cartridge case.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy plate for a cartridge case and a production method thereof.
Technical Field
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength, easy processing and forming, good corrosion resistance, good electric and heat conducting properties, recyclability, surface treatment and the like, and is widely applied to the industries of aerospace, transportation, construction, mechanical manufacturing, electronic power, household appliances and the like. Due to the advantages of the aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy is more and more applied to the military field, and the light weight of military weapons, police weapons or training weapons plays an important role in practical application.
Since in the lightening of weapons, a cartridge case that occupies half the weight of the ammunition can play a great role. Therefore, the preparation of lightweight aluminum alloy cartridge cases has been a research hotspot in the manufacture of cartridge cases. The commonly used aluminum alloys for preparing the aluminum alloy cartridge case comprise 3000 series, 6000 series, 7000 series and other aluminum alloys, wherein 3000 series mainly represents alloys such as 3003, 3004 and other alloys, and although the alloys have good elongation and excellent stamping performance, the alloys cannot be subjected to solution heat treatment to cause low tensile strength and hardness, so that the technical requirements required by the cartridge case cannot be met. Although the 7000 series can be heat-treated and has high strength after heat treatment, it has defects of poor plasticity, high hardness and the like, and cannot be used well in the shell material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an aluminum alloy plate for a cartridge case and a production method thereof. The aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case, which is prepared by the method, has the advantages of low resistivity, good plasticity, flatness, no holes in the inside and no slag inclusion through the processes of smelting, casting, soaking treatment, face milling, heating, hot rough rolling, hot finish rolling and the like, and has high plastic elongation. Police cartridge cases or training cartridge cases prepared from the aluminum alloy plate have good performance, and the safe use of the cartridge cases is ensured.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme
The aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Mn, 0.6 to 0.7 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Zn, 0.03 to 0.04 percent of Ti, and the balance of Al.
The production method of the aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case comprises the steps of smelting, casting, soaking treatment, face milling, hot rolling and annealing; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) smelting and casting are as follows:
a: adding aluminum ingots (with the purity of more than or equal to 99.7 percent), additives with the mass content of 75 percent of Si, pure magnesium ingots with the purity of 99.99 percent and aluminum-titanium-carbon wires (Al-5 Ti-1C: 5 percent Ti, 1 percent C and the balance of Al) into a smelting furnace according to the required element proportion; after all the materials are added, smelting for 4.5-5.5 hours at 720-760 ℃, then refining, and continuing to smelt for 0.5-1 hour after refining is finished, namely finishing smelting in the smelting furnace; in the smelting process, through detection and adjustment, the mass percentage of each chemical element in the aluminum alloy solution is 0.6-0.8% of Si, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05% of Mn, 0.6-0.7% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.05% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10% of Zn, 0.03-0.04% of Ti and the balance of Al;
b: conveying the molten aluminum after the smelting to a standing furnace for refining at 720-750 ℃, removing floating slag after the refining is finished, and standing for 20-40 min to finish the smelting in the standing furnace;
c: casting after smelting in a standing furnace is completed: guiding the aluminum liquid into a primary filtering device from the standing furnace, guiding the aluminum liquid into an online degassing device through the primary filtering device after primary filtering is finished to carry out online degassing, sequentially guiding the aluminum liquid subjected to online degassing into a secondary filtering device and a tertiary filtering device, and enabling the diameter of filter residues subjected to filtering degassing to be less than or equal to 0.005 mm; finishing casting after filtering is finished, and obtaining an aluminum alloy ingot after casting is finished;
the refining in the step (1) a is to carry out refining operation by adopting argon-chlorine mixed gas, and the refining time is 25-35 min; and (2) refining in the standing furnace in the step (1) b is to perform refining operation by adopting argon-chlorine mixed gas, wherein the refining time is 30-50 min.
The casting in the step (1) c, wherein the temperature in the casting process is 695-710 ℃, and the total casting time is 1.5-2.0 hours; the precision of a filter plate of the primary filtering device in the casting process is 50PPi, high-purity argon is adopted to carry out online degassing on the aluminum liquid after primary filtering, the rotating speed of an online degassing graphite rotor is more than or equal to 450r/min, and the content of hydrogen in the aluminum liquid is less than or equal to 0.12ml/100g Al after online degassing; the aluminum liquid after online degassing is sequentially led into a secondary filtering device and a tertiary filtering device, the precision of a filtering plate of the secondary filtering device is 60PPi, and the tertiary filtering device is a 26-pipe tubular filtering device;
(2) soaking treatment: carrying out soaking treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1); naturally cooling the aluminum alloy ingot after the soaking treatment to room temperature;
wherein, the soaking treatment in the step (2) comprises the following steps: keeping the furnace gas constant temperature of the soaking pit at 490 +/-5 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-3 hours when the furnace temperature reaches 490 +/-5 ℃; stopping heating after the heat preservation is finished, opening a furnace door, and reducing the temperature of furnace gas to 450-460 ℃ within 1-2 hours; then closing the furnace door to start heating, changing the temperature of furnace gas to 450-460 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours at the temperature, and discharging and naturally cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished;
wherein the temperature rise rate of the temperature in the soaking pit from room temperature to 490 +/-5 ℃ is 35-45 ℃/h.
(3) Milling a surface: and (3) milling the aluminum alloy ingot obtained by naturally cooling to room temperature in the step (2): the milling amount of the large surface on one side is more than or equal to 15mm, the milling amount of the small surface on one side is more than or equal to 12mm, and the thickness difference of two sides of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 2 mm;
(4) hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot after surface milling, performing hot rolling after heating, and lubricating and cooling by using emulsion in the hot rolling process to obtain an aluminum alloy plate;
when the heating furnace is used for heating in the step (4), the constant temperature of furnace gas of the heating furnace is 420-470 ℃, and heat preservation is started when the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot reaches 415-425 ℃ (in the process, the heating rate of the aluminum alloy ingot is 30-35 ℃/h), and the heat preservation is carried out for 4-8 hours; and after the heat preservation is finished, discharging from the furnace and rolling.
The hot rolling is specifically as follows: the hot rolling cogging temperature is 415-425 ℃, a 1+1 hot continuous rolling mill is adopted for hot rough rolling, 11-13 passes of rough rolling can be performed in a reversible mode, the thickness of each pass of rolling is 30-50 mm, the thickness of a rough rolled finished product is 23-25 mm, and the final rolling temperature after the hot rough rolling is 350-380 ℃; immediately transferring a rough rolling finished product with the thickness of 23-25 mm to a hot finish rolling after the hot rough rolling is finished, and carrying out reversible rolling on the hot finish rolling for 3 passes to prepare an aluminum alloy coiled material with the thickness of 6-8 mm; in the hot finish rolling process, the reduction of the first pass is 7-9 mm, the reduction of the second pass is 6mm, and the reduction of the third pass is 2-4 mm.
Wherein the pressure of the hot rough rolling emulsion in the step (4) is 0.35-0.45 MPa, the temperature of the emulsion is 60-67 ℃, and the mass concentration of the used emulsion is 4.0-5.0%; the pressure of the emulsion used in the hot finish rolling is 0.35-0.45 MPa, the temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the mass concentration of the emulsion is 5.0-6.0%.
(5) Annealing: annealing the hot-rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (4), wherein the furnace gas constant temperature is 400-500 ℃ (the time for heating the furnace gas temperature from room temperature to 400-500 ℃ is 10-14 hours), the aluminum alloy plate temperature reaches 320 +/-5 ℃ (the time for heating the aluminum alloy plate from room temperature to 320 +/-5 ℃ is 12-13 hours), heat preservation is started, annealing is completed after heat preservation is performed for 8-12 hours, and after annealing is completed, the aluminum alloy plate is taken out of the furnace and slowly cooled to room temperature, so that the aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case is obtained;
the aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case is applied to preparing the cartridge case.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive beneficial effects
The aluminum alloy plate disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the element components are more accurately controlled, the influence on the mechanical property caused by the fluctuation of chemical components is effectively avoided, in addition, lower impurity elements such as Fe, Cu, Cr, Zn and the like are strictly controlled, the influence on the plasticity of a finished product caused by Fe is especially eliminated, the aluminum alloy plate not only has good plasticity, but also has better improvement on the purity of the material, and various properties of the aluminum alloy plate are obviously improved;
the invention mainly utilizes the characteristics of low strength and high plasticity of the aluminum alloy before the solution heat treatment, and utilizes the high-precision equipment and reasonable processing technology thereof, and the produced aluminum alloy plate for the aluminum cartridge case has good plasticity and high strength and hardness, thereby eliminating and reducing the adverse effects of hydrogen and slag in metal materials; the 150mm cylindrical shell formed by stamping the obtained aluminum alloy plate for three times has the quality problems of smooth surface, no orange peel, cracking and the like. Finally, the shell can completely meet the quality requirements of the aluminum alloy for the aluminum cartridge case through quenching and aging processing;
the invention adopts an efficient and convenient degassing and deslagging method in the casting process, degassing and three-stage filtration are simultaneously carried out in the casting process, the content of hydrogen in molten aluminum is effectively reduced, oxidizing slag is completely removed, the content of impurities in aluminum is controlled within 0.005mm, and the internal defects of the aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case caused by the generation of holes and pinholes are effectively prevented. Therefore, the produced aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case has no holes and slag inclusion, the internal flaw detection of the aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 6-8 mm reaches A-AA level, the defects of internal holes, slag inclusion and the like are completely avoided, the structure performance is good, the wear resistance is realized, the use safety of the cartridge case is ensured, and the rapid development of the aluminum alloy industry for the cartridge case is accelerated;
in the preparation process of the aluminum alloy for the cartridge case, the single soaking treatment is adopted, so that the metal temperature control is more accurate, the heat preservation time can be effectively ensured, most importantly, the cooling process is added after the plate ingot is soaked, the internal segregation and the internal stress of the plate ingot are more thoroughly eliminated from high temperature to cooling, and the stable chemical components in the high-temperature homogenization are effectively fixed and retained, so that the effects of eliminating the internal segregation and the component uniformity are achieved; namely, by better controlling the soaking process, the composition segregation of the aluminum alloy ingot is effectively eliminated, the internal stress of the ingot is reduced, and the chemical composition is uniform; the hot rolling adopts 11-13 times of large reduction rolling, so that internal grains are completely crushed, and internal defects such as large grains and loose tissues are eliminated;
the 6A01 aluminum alloy O for the cartridge case has to have proper tensile strength and good plasticity; the invention slowly heats and cools the metal, namely, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case is reduced to the minimum degree by using the modes of slow heating and slow cooling, and the elongation and the plasticity are the highest. The prepared aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case has low resistance and good plasticity when stamping the cartridge case, and the processed product has the defects of beautiful surface, no cracking, no deformation and the like;
the aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case, which is obtained by the chemical element components and the preparation method, is a finished product in an O state, has the tensile strength of 110-140 MPa, the elongation of more than or equal to 30 percent, the hardness of HV 38-45, and good performance. Therefore, the aluminum alloy plate is used for preparing civil cartridge cases, police cartridge cases or exercise cartridge cases, and the obtained product has better performance in the using process and has no phenomena of deformation and root breaking, so that the safe use of the light aluminum alloy cartridge case is ensured.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
The aluminum alloy plate for the aluminum alloy cartridge case produced by the process is punched for three times to form a 150 mm-height cylindrical case, and the case achieves certain mechanical properties after quenching and aging, so that the quality requirement of the aluminum alloy for the cartridge case can be completely met.
Example 1
An aluminum alloy plate for a cartridge case is prepared from the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.6 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Mn, 0.6 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Zn, 0.03 percent of Ti and the balance of Al.
Example 2
An aluminum alloy plate for a cartridge case is prepared from the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.7 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Mn, 0.65 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Zn, 0.04 percent of Ti and the balance of Al.
Example 3
An aluminum alloy plate for a cartridge case is prepared from the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.8 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Mn, 0.7 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Zn, 0.04 percent of Ti and the balance of Al.
Example 4
One of the production methods of the aluminum alloy sheet for a cartridge case according to the embodiments 1 to 3 includes melting, casting, soaking, surface milling, hot rolling, and annealing; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) smelting and casting are as follows:
a: adding aluminum ingots (with the purity of more than or equal to 99.7 percent), additives with the mass content of 75 percent of Si, pure magnesium ingots with the purity of 99.99 percent and aluminum-titanium-carbon wires (Al-5 Ti-1C: 5 percent Ti, 1 percent C and the balance of Al) into a smelting furnace according to the required element proportion; after all the materials are added, smelting for 5.5 hours at the temperature of 730 +/-5 ℃, then refining, and continuing to smelt for 1 hour after refining is finished, namely finishing smelting in the smelting furnace; in the smelting process, through detection and adjustment, the mass percentage of each chemical element in the aluminum alloy solution is 0.6-0.8% of Si, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05% of Mn, 0.6-0.7% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.05% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10% of Zn, 0.03-0.04% of Ti and the balance of Al;
the refining is carried out by adopting argon-chlorine mixed gas, and the refining time is 25 min;
b: conveying the molten aluminum after the smelting to a standing furnace for refining at the temperature of 720 +/-5 ℃, removing floating slag after the refining is finished, and standing for 40min to finish the smelting in the standing furnace;
refining in the standing furnace is to adopt argon-chlorine mixed gas to carry out refining operation, and the refining time is 50 min;
c: casting after smelting in a standing furnace is completed: guiding the aluminum liquid into a primary filtering device from the standing furnace, guiding the aluminum liquid into an online degassing device through the primary filtering device after primary filtering is finished to carry out online degassing, sequentially guiding the aluminum liquid subjected to online degassing into a secondary filtering device and a tertiary filtering device, and enabling the diameter of filter residues subjected to filtering degassing to be less than or equal to 0.005 mm; finishing casting after filtering is finished, and obtaining an aluminum alloy ingot after casting is finished;
the casting in the step is carried out, wherein the temperature in the casting process is 695-710 ℃, and the total casting time is 1.5 hours; the precision of a filter plate of the primary filtering device in the casting process is 50PPi, high-purity argon is adopted to carry out online degassing on the aluminum liquid after primary filtering, the rotating speed of an online degassing graphite rotor is more than or equal to 450r/min, and the content of hydrogen in the aluminum liquid is less than or equal to 0.12ml/100gAl after online degassing; after online degassing, sequentially introducing the gas into a secondary filtering device and a tertiary filtering device, wherein the precision of a filtering plate of the secondary filtering device is 60PPi, and the tertiary filtering device is a 26-pipe tubular filtering device;
(2) soaking treatment: carrying out soaking treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1);
wherein, the soaking treatment comprises the following steps: the furnace gas constant temperature of the soaking pit furnace is 490 ℃, the heat preservation is started when the furnace temperature reaches 490 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours; stopping heating after the heat preservation is finished, opening the furnace door, and reducing the temperature of furnace gas from 490 ℃ to 450-460 ℃ within 2 hours; then closing the furnace door to start heating, changing the temperature of furnace gas to 450-460 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours at the temperature, and discharging and naturally cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished;
wherein the heating rate of the temperature in the soaking pit from room temperature to 490 ℃ is 45 ℃/h;
(3) milling a surface: and (3) milling the aluminum alloy ingot obtained by naturally cooling to room temperature in the step (2): the milling amount of the large surface on one side is more than or equal to 15mm, the milling amount of the small surface on one side is more than or equal to 12mm, and the thickness difference of two sides of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 2 mm;
(4) hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot subjected to surface milling in the step (3), heating, performing hot rough rolling, performing hot finish rolling, and lubricating and cooling by using an emulsion in the processes of the hot rough rolling and the hot finish rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy plate;
wherein the heating process is carried out in a heating furnace, the constant temperature of furnace gas of the heating furnace is 430 +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out when the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot reaches 415-425 ℃ (in the process, the temperature rising rate of the aluminum alloy ingot rising from the room temperature to 415-425 ℃ is 30 ℃/h), and the heat preservation is carried out for 8 hours; after the heat preservation is finished, discharging from the furnace and rolling;
the hot rolling is specifically as follows: the hot rolling cogging temperature is 415-425 ℃, a 1+1 hot continuous rolling mill is adopted for hot rough rolling, the rough rolling is carried out by 11 passes of reversible rolling, the reduction of each pass is 30-50 mm, the thickness of a finished product obtained by rolling is 25mm, and the final rolling temperature after the hot rough rolling is 350 ℃; immediately transferring the hot rough rolling finished product into hot finish rolling after the rough rolling is finished, and carrying out reversible rolling on the hot finish rolling for 3 passes to prepare an aluminum alloy coiled material with the thickness of 6 mm; wherein, the reduction of the first pass in the hot finish rolling process is 9mm, the reduction of the second pass is 6mm, and the reduction of the third pass is 4 mm;
wherein the pressure of the emulsion during hot rough rolling is 0.35-0.45 MPa, the temperature of the emulsion is 60-67 ℃, and the mass concentration of the used emulsion is 4.0-5.0%; the pressure of the emulsion used in the hot finish rolling is 0.35-0.45 MPa, the temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the mass concentration of the emulsion is 5.0-6.0%.
(5) Annealing: and (4) annealing the aluminum alloy plate subjected to hot rolling in the step (4), keeping the temperature of furnace gas of an annealing furnace at a constant temperature of 500 ℃ (the time for heating the furnace gas temperature from room temperature to 500 ℃ is 14 hours), keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy plate at 320 +/-5 ℃ (the time for heating the metal temperature from room temperature to 320 +/-5 ℃ is 12 hours), finishing annealing, discharging from the furnace after annealing is finished, slowly cooling, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case.
The performance of the obtained aluminum alloy plate is detected, and the result is shown in the following table; the aluminum alloy plate can be well used for preparing the cartridge case.
Example 5
The second method for producing the aluminum alloy sheet for the cartridge case according to the second embodiment 1 to 3 comprises the steps of smelting, casting, soaking, face milling, hot rolling and annealing; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) smelting and casting are as follows:
a: adding aluminum ingots (with the purity of more than or equal to 99.7 percent), additives with the mass content of 75 percent of Si, pure magnesium ingots with the purity of 99.99 percent and aluminum-titanium-carbon wires (Al-5 Ti-1C: 5 percent Ti, 1 percent C and the balance of Al) into a smelting furnace according to the required element proportion; after all the materials are added, smelting for 4.5 hours at the temperature of 750 +/-5 ℃, then refining, and continuing to smelt for 0.5 hour after refining is finished, namely finishing smelting in the smelting furnace; in the smelting process, through detection and adjustment, the mass percentage of each chemical element in the aluminum alloy solution is 0.6-0.8% of Si, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05% of Mn, 0.6-0.7% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.05% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10% of Zn, 0.03-0.04% of Ti and the balance of Al;
the refining is carried out by adopting argon-chlorine mixed gas, and the refining time is 35 min;
b: conveying the molten aluminum after the smelting to a standing furnace for refining at the temperature of 750 ℃, removing floating slag after the refining is finished, and standing for 20min to finish the smelting in the standing furnace;
refining in the standing furnace is to adopt argon-chlorine mixed gas to carry out refining operation, and the refining time is 30 min;
c: casting after smelting in a standing furnace is completed: guiding the aluminum liquid into a primary filtering device from the standing furnace, guiding the aluminum liquid into an online degassing device through the primary filtering device after primary filtering is finished to carry out online degassing, sequentially guiding the aluminum liquid subjected to online degassing into a secondary filtering device and a tertiary filtering device, and enabling the diameter of filter residues subjected to filtering degassing to be less than or equal to 0.005 mm; finishing casting after filtering is finished, and obtaining an aluminum alloy ingot after casting is finished;
the casting in the step is carried out, wherein the temperature in the casting process is 695-710 ℃, and the total casting time is 2.0 hours; the precision of a filter plate of the primary filtering device in the casting process is 50PPi, high-purity argon is adopted to carry out online degassing on the aluminum liquid after primary filtering, the rotating speed of an online degassing graphite rotor is more than or equal to 450r/min, and the content of hydrogen in the aluminum liquid is less than or equal to 0.12ml/100gAl after online degassing; after online degassing, sequentially introducing the gas into a secondary filtering device and a tertiary filtering device, wherein the precision of a filtering plate of the secondary filtering device is 60PPi, and the tertiary filtering device is a 26-pipe tubular filtering device;
(2) soaking treatment: carrying out soaking treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1);
wherein, the soaking treatment comprises the following steps: the furnace gas constant temperature of the soaking pit furnace is 490 ℃, the heat preservation is started when the furnace temperature reaches 490 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 3 hours; stopping heating after the heat preservation is finished, opening the furnace door, and reducing the temperature of furnace gas from 490 ℃ to 450-460 ℃ within 1 hour; then closing the furnace door to start heating, changing the temperature of furnace gas to 450-460 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours at the temperature, and discharging and naturally cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished;
wherein the temperature rise rate of the temperature in the soaking pit from room temperature to 490 ℃ is 35 ℃/h;
(3) milling a surface: and (3) milling the aluminum alloy ingot obtained by naturally cooling to room temperature in the step (2): the milling amount of the large surface on one side is more than or equal to 15mm, the milling amount of the small surface on one side is more than or equal to 12mm, and the thickness difference of two sides of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 2 mm;
(4) hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot subjected to surface milling in the step (3), heating, performing hot rough rolling, performing hot finish rolling, and lubricating and cooling by using an emulsion in the processes of the hot rough rolling and the hot finish rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy plate;
wherein the heating process is carried out in a heating furnace, the constant temperature of furnace gas of the heating furnace is 460 +/-5 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum alloy cast ingot reaches 415-425 ℃, heat preservation is started (in the process, the heating rate of the aluminum alloy cast ingot from room temperature to 415-425 ℃ is 35 ℃/h), and the heat preservation is carried out for 4 hours; and after the heat preservation is finished, discharging from the furnace and rolling.
The hot rolling is specifically as follows: the hot rolling cogging temperature is 415-425 ℃, a 1+1 hot continuous rolling mill is adopted for hot rough rolling, the rough rolling is carried out by 12 passes of reversible rolling, the reduction of each pass is 30-50 mm, the thickness of a finished product after rolling is 24mm, and the final rolling temperature after hot rough rolling is 380 ℃; immediately transferring the hot rough rolling finished product into hot finish rolling after the rough rolling is finished, and reversibly rolling the hot finish rolling for 3 passes to prepare an aluminum alloy coiled material with the thickness of 7 mm; wherein, the reduction of the first pass in the hot finish rolling process is 8mm, the reduction of the second pass is 6mm, and the reduction of the third pass is 3 mm.
Wherein the pressure of the emulsion during hot rough rolling is 0.35-0.45 MPa, the temperature of the emulsion is 60-67 ℃, and the mass concentration of the used emulsion is 4.0-5.0%; the pressure of the emulsion used in the hot finish rolling is 0.35-0.45 MPa, the temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the mass concentration of the emulsion is 5.0-6.0%.
(5) Annealing: and (3) annealing the aluminum alloy plate subjected to hot rolling in the step (4), keeping the temperature for 8 hours when the constant temperature of annealing furnace gas is 400 ℃ (the time required for heating the furnace gas temperature from room temperature to 400 ℃ is 10 hours) and the temperature of the aluminum alloy plate reaches 320 +/-5 ℃ (the time required for heating the metal temperature from room temperature to 320 +/-5 ℃ is 13 hours), and finishing annealing, discharging the aluminum alloy plate out of the furnace for slow cooling after the annealing is finished, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case.
The performance of the obtained aluminum alloy plate is detected, and the result is shown in the following table; the aluminum alloy plate can be well used for preparing the cartridge case.
Example 6
The third method for producing the aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case in the embodiment 1 to 3 comprises the steps of smelting, casting, soaking treatment, face milling, hot rolling and annealing; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) smelting and casting are as follows:
a: adding aluminum ingots (with the purity of more than or equal to 99.7 percent), additives with the mass content of 75 percent of Si, pure magnesium ingots with the purity of 99.99 percent and aluminum-titanium-carbon wires (Al-5 Ti-1C: 5 percent Ti, 1 percent C and the balance of Al) into a smelting furnace according to the required element proportion; after all the materials are added, smelting for 5 hours at 740 +/-5 ℃, then refining, and continuing to smelt for 0.8 hour after refining is finished, namely finishing smelting in the smelting furnace; the mass percentage of each chemical element in the aluminum alloy solution is 0.6-0.8% of Si, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05% of Mn, and 0.6-0.7% of Mg through detection and adjustment in the smelting process,
cr is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Zn is less than or equal to 0.10 percent, Ti is 0.03-0.04 percent, and the balance is Al;
the refining is carried out by adopting argon-chlorine mixed gas, and the refining time is 30 min;
b: conveying the molten aluminum after the smelting to a standing furnace for refining at 740 +/-5 ℃, removing floating slag after the refining is finished, and standing for 30min to finish the smelting in the standing furnace;
refining in the standing furnace is to adopt argon-chlorine mixed gas to carry out refining operation, and the refining time is 40 min;
c: casting after smelting in a standing furnace is completed: guiding the aluminum liquid into a primary filtering device from the standing furnace, guiding the aluminum liquid into an online degassing device through the primary filtering device after primary filtering is finished to carry out online degassing, sequentially guiding the aluminum liquid subjected to online degassing into a secondary filtering device and a tertiary filtering device, and enabling the diameter of filter residues subjected to filtering degassing to be less than or equal to 0.005 mm; finishing casting after filtering is finished, and obtaining an aluminum alloy ingot after casting is finished;
the casting in the step is carried out, wherein the temperature in the casting process is 695-710 ℃, and the total casting time is 2.0 hours; the precision of a filter plate of the primary filtering device in the casting process is 50PPi, high-purity argon is adopted to carry out online degassing on the aluminum liquid after primary filtering, the rotating speed of an online degassing graphite rotor is more than or equal to 450r/min, and the content of hydrogen in the aluminum liquid is less than or equal to 0.12ml/100gAl after online degassing; after online degassing, sequentially introducing the gas into a secondary filtering device and a tertiary filtering device, wherein the precision of a filtering plate of the secondary filtering device is 60PPi, and the tertiary filtering device is a 26-pipe tubular filtering device;
(2) soaking treatment: carrying out soaking treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1);
wherein, the soaking treatment comprises the following steps: the furnace gas constant temperature of the soaking pit furnace is 490 ℃, the heat preservation is started when the furnace temperature reaches 490 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 2.5 hours; stopping heating after the heat preservation is finished, opening a furnace door, and reducing the temperature of the furnace gas from 490 ℃ to 450-460 ℃ within 1.5 hours; then closing the furnace door to start heating, changing the temperature of furnace gas to 450-460 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours at the temperature, and discharging and naturally cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished;
wherein the heating rate of heating the temperature in the soaking pit from room temperature to 490 ℃ is 40 ℃/h;
(3) milling a surface: and (3) milling the aluminum alloy ingot obtained by naturally cooling to room temperature in the step (2): the milling amount of the large surface on one side is more than or equal to 15mm, the milling amount of the small surface on one side is more than or equal to 12mm, and the thickness difference of two sides of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 2 mm;
(4) hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot subjected to surface milling in the step (3), heating, performing hot rough rolling, performing hot finish rolling, and lubricating and cooling by using an emulsion in the processes of the hot rough rolling and the hot finish rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy plate;
wherein the heating process is carried out in a heating furnace, the constant temperature of furnace gas of the heating furnace is 450 ℃, the heat preservation is started when the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot reaches 415-425 ℃ (in the process, the heating rate of the aluminum alloy ingot when the temperature is raised from room temperature to 415-425 ℃ is 32 ℃/h), and the heat preservation is carried out for 6 hours; after the heat preservation is finished, discharging from the furnace and rolling;
the hot rolling is specifically as follows: the hot rolling cogging temperature is 415-425 ℃, a 1+1 hot continuous rolling mill is adopted for hot rough rolling, the rough rolling is carried out in 13 passes of reversible rolling, the rolling reduction of each pass is 30-50 mm, the thickness of a rolled finished product is 23mm, and the final rolling temperature after the hot rough rolling is 360 ℃; immediately transferring the hot rough rolling finished product into hot finish rolling after the rough rolling is finished, and reversibly rolling the hot finish rolling for 3 passes to prepare an aluminum alloy coiled material with the thickness of 8 mm; wherein, the reduction of the first pass in the hot finish rolling process is 7mm, the reduction of the second pass is 6mm, and the reduction of the third pass is 2 mm.
Wherein the pressure of the emulsion during hot rough rolling is 0.35-0.45 MPa, the temperature of the emulsion is 60-67 ℃, and the mass concentration of the used emulsion is 4.0-5.0%; the pressure of the emulsion used in the hot finish rolling is 0.35-0.45 MPa, the temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the mass concentration of the emulsion is 5.0-6.0%.
(5) Annealing: and (4) annealing the aluminum alloy plate subjected to hot rolling in the step (4), keeping the temperature for 10 hours when the furnace gas constant temperature of an annealing furnace is 450 ℃ (the time required for raising the temperature of the furnace gas from room temperature to 450 ℃ is 12 hours), and the temperature of the aluminum alloy plate reaches 320 +/-5 ℃ (the time required for raising the temperature of the metal from room temperature to 320 +/-5 ℃ is 12 hours), and finishing annealing, discharging the aluminum alloy plate out of the furnace for slow cooling, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case.
The performance of the obtained aluminum alloy plate is detected, and the result is shown in the following table; the aluminum alloy plate can be well used for preparing the cartridge case.
Claims (7)
1. The production method of the aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case is characterized in that the aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case consists of the following chemical elements, by weight, 0.6 ~ 0.8.8% of Si, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05% of Mn, 0.6 ~ 0.7.7% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.05% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10% of Zn, 0.03 ~ 0.04.04% of Ti and the balance of Al;
the production method of the aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case comprises the steps of smelting, casting, soaking treatment, face milling, hot rolling and annealing;
(1) smelting and casting are as follows:
adding aluminum ingots, additives with the mass content of Si of 75%, pure magnesium ingots with the purity of 99.99% and aluminum-titanium-carbon wires into a smelting furnace according to the element proportion of the aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case, after all the aluminum ingots, smelting for 4.5 ~ 5.5.5 hours at the temperature of 720 ~ 760 ℃, then refining, and continuing to smelt for 0.5 ~ 1 hours after the refining is finished, thus completing the smelting process in the smelting furnace, wherein the aluminum alloy solution is detected and adjusted in the smelting process to ensure that the mass percentage content of each chemical element in the aluminum alloy solution is equal to 0.6 ~ 0.8.8% of Si, equal to or less than 0.2% of Fe, equal to or less than 0.05% of Cu, equal to or less than 0.05% of Mn, equal to or less than 0.6 ~ 0.7.7% of Mg, equal to or less than 0.05% of Cr, equal to or less than 0.10% of Zn, equal to 0.03 ~ 0.04.04%;
b, conveying the molten aluminum after the smelting to a standing furnace for refining at the temperature of 720 ~ 750 ℃, removing scum after the refining is finished, and standing for 20 ~ 40min to finish the smelting in the standing furnace;
c: casting after smelting in a standing furnace is completed: guiding the aluminum liquid into a primary filtering device from the standing furnace, guiding the aluminum liquid into an online degassing device through the primary filtering device after primary filtering is finished to carry out online degassing, sequentially guiding the aluminum liquid subjected to online degassing into a secondary filtering device and a tertiary filtering device, and enabling the diameter of filter residues subjected to filtering degassing to be less than or equal to 0.005 mm; obtaining an aluminum alloy ingot after casting;
(2) carrying out soaking treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1); naturally cooling the aluminum alloy ingot after the soaking treatment to room temperature;
(3) and (3) milling the aluminum alloy ingot cooled to room temperature in the step (2): the milling amount of the large surface on one side is more than or equal to 15mm, the milling amount of the small surface on one side is more than or equal to 12mm, and the thickness difference of two sides of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 2 mm;
(4) hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot subjected to the surface milling treatment, heating and then hot rolling, and lubricating and cooling by using emulsion in the hot rolling process to obtain an aluminum alloy plate;
the heating treatment of the cast ingot is specifically that the furnace gas constant temperature of a heating furnace is 420 ~ 470 ℃, the heat preservation is started when the temperature of the aluminum alloy cast ingot reaches 415 ~ 425 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 4 ~ 8 hours, and the cast ingot is discharged for hot rolling after the heat preservation is finished;
wherein the heating rate of the aluminum alloy ingot in the process of heating from room temperature to 415 ~ 425 ℃ in the heating treatment is 30 ~ 35 ℃/h;
the hot rolling is specifically carried out by carrying out hot rough rolling at the cogging temperature of 415 ~ 425 ℃ by using a 1+1 hot continuous rolling mill, carrying out reversible rolling on 11 ~ 13 passes of rough rolling, wherein the thickness of each pass is 30 ~ 50mm, the thickness of a rough rolling finished product is 23 ~ 25mm, and the finishing temperature of the hot rough rolling is 350 ~ 380 ℃ to 3 passes, immediately transferring the rough rolling finished product with the thickness of 23 ~ 25mm to hot finish rolling after the hot rough rolling is finished, and carrying out reversible rolling on the hot finish rolling for 3 passes to obtain an aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 6 ~ 8mm, wherein the reduction of the first pass in the hot finish rolling process is 7 ~ 9mm, the reduction of the second pass is 6mm, and the reduction of the third pass is 2 ~ 4 mm;
(5) and (4) annealing, namely annealing the aluminum alloy plate treated in the step (4), keeping the temperature of furnace gas at 400 ~ 500 ℃, keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy plate at 320 +/-5 ℃ for 8 ~ 12 hours, discharging the aluminum alloy plate from the furnace after annealing is finished, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case.
2. The method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy sheet for a cartridge case as set forth in claim 1, wherein the refining in the step (1) a is a refining operation using an argon-chlorine mixed gas for a refining time of 25 ~ 35min, and the refining in the standing furnace in the step (1) b is a refining operation using an argon-chlorine mixed gas for a refining time of 30 ~ 50 min.
3. The method for producing an aluminum alloy plate for cartridge cases as set forth in claim 1, wherein the temperature in the casting process in step (1) c is 695 ~ 710 ℃, the total casting time is 1.5 ~ 2.0.0 hours, the filter plate accuracy of the primary filter device in the casting process is 50PPi, the aluminum liquid is degassed on line by high purity argon after the primary filtration, the rotation speed of the graphite rotor for on-line degassing is not less than 450r/min, the hydrogen content in the aluminum liquid after on-line degassing is not more than 0.12ml/100gAl, the aluminum liquid after on-line degassing is introduced into the secondary filter device and the tertiary filter device in sequence, the filter plate accuracy of the secondary filter device is 60PPi, and the tertiary filter device is a 26-tube filter device.
4. The production method of the aluminum alloy plate for the cartridge case as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soaking treatment in the step (2) is carried out by setting the furnace gas temperature in the heating furnace to 490 ± 5 ℃, starting heat preservation when the furnace chamber temperature reaches 490 ± 5 ℃, preserving heat for 2 ~ hours, stopping heating after finishing heat preservation, then opening the furnace door, reducing the furnace gas temperature to 450-;
wherein the heating rate is 35-45 ℃/h when the temperature in the heating furnace is raised to 490 +/-5 ℃ from room temperature.
5. The method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy sheet for cartridge cases as set forth in claim 1, wherein the pressure of the emulsion used in the hot rough rolling of step (4) is 0.35 ~ 0.45.45 MPa, the temperature of the emulsion is 60 ~ 67 ℃ and the mass concentration of the emulsion is 4.0 ~ 5.0.0%, the pressure of the emulsion used in the hot finish rolling is 0.35 ~ 0.45.45 MPa, the temperature is 60 ~ 70 ℃ and the mass concentration of the emulsion is 5.0 ~ 6.0.0%.
6. The method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for cartridge cases as set forth in claim 1, wherein in said annealing of step (5), the time required for raising the temperature of the furnace gas from room temperature to 400 ~ 500 ℃ is 10 ~ 14 hours, and the time required for raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy sheet from room temperature to 320 ± 5 ℃ is 12 ~ 13 hours.
7. Use of an aluminium alloy sheet produced by the method of claim 1 for the production of an aluminium alloy sheet for cartridge cases in the manufacture of cartridge cases.
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| CN109609790B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2021-08-13 | 苏州铭恒金属科技有限公司 | Aluminum alloy and casting method thereof |
| CN111041291B (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2021-02-19 | 佛山市三水凤铝铝业有限公司 | High-strength aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115896653B (en) * | 2022-12-21 | 2024-04-02 | 广东领胜新材料科技有限公司 | Continuous casting and rolling device and method for high-strength aluminum alloy round rod |
| CN116377287A (en) * | 2023-02-22 | 2023-07-04 | 河南义瑞新材料科技有限公司 | Aluminum alloy sheet for circulating grade-keeping new energy automobile power battery and preparation method thereof |
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