CN109022893A - A kind of black Riamb's alloy of lead-free and mercury-free Tibet figure of buddha having spinodal decomposition feature - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of black Riamb's alloys of lead-free and mercury-free Tibet figure of buddha for having spinodal decomposition feature.According to weight percent, the ingredient of the alloy are as follows: Li:0.5-1.0wt.%, Sc:0.6-0.8wt.%, P:0.2-0.4wt.%, Bi:10.0-12.0wt.%, Sb:8.0-8.5wt.%, Ni:12.0-16.0wt.%, Au:5.0-8.0wt.%, Ag:14.0-18.0wt.%, surplus are copper.The material casts for China Tibetan area bronze statue and provides a kind of unleaded and mercury-free new material scheme with Riamb's alloy, and products obtained therefrom has excellent black perception.The implementation and industrialization of the material can effectively push update and the industry upgrade requirement of China's religion jewellery trade new material.

Description

A kind of black Riamb's alloy of lead-free and mercury-free Tibet figure of buddha having spinodal decomposition feature

Technical field

The present invention relates to technical field of alloy, specifically, being related to an Albatra metal.

Background technique

Tibet is located on the Qinghai-Tibet Platean being known as the roof of the world, Tibetan people herein from generation to generation settle down and it is nomadic.Buddhist Religion is merged with local intrinsic religion culture, multiplies the Tibetan Buddhist to show unique characteristics out.Tibetan Buddhist bronze statue of Buddha picture art, due to Occupy a place in the sun in temple culture, and becomes the representative that Tibetan art and traditional technology highest are achieved.Tibetan Buddhist bronze statue of Buddha As the achievement of art, skilled grasp of the craftsman to copper alloy performance and forging casting process is made with bronze statue of Buddha picture, and to Buddhism image It is undivided with strictly observing for ratio of measurement.Since Tibet is vast in territory, the intrinsic factor of each department and in shaping and development Institute is impacted in the process is not quite similar, and figure of buddha art shows the diversity of culture and artistic looks.

The large-scale figure of buddha of Tibet region is generally adopted by sand model method and casts.Sha Fanfa casts the big figure of buddha of size Also it can be cast using sub-unit, then be spliced and combined.Craftsman cast the big bronze statue of Buddha of size as when, can be cast respectively with Sha Fanfa Bronze statue component is made, is then composed, the difficulty of statue can be reduced in this way, improves the success rate of statue.It is cast using Sha Fanfa The bronze statue made leaves some observable features on surface sometimes.Since Sha Fan is closed up by two halves sand model, and at two pieces There are gaps for the surface Sha Fan joint, and after the completion of casting, the copper liquid for flowing into joint gap is inevitable in cast(ing) surface formation one Circle protrusion.This circle protrusion is during the modification of later period bronze statue, it will usually can also leave by complete polishing but at some positions Trace.

Husky model casting certainly exists the height limitation of inblock cast, this is determined by the form and process flow of husky model 's.Firstly, the material for making husky model is sand mixed clay.When model processed, sandy soil are compacted in iron hoop, so that press back goes out The form of mud mould.Sha Fan is made of two pieces of closures, repeatedly to be spun upside down during model processed, and therefore, the size of Sha Fan is difficult To be made very big.When size is big, the difficulty of sandy soil compacting is increased, easy cracking falls off, and husky model size is big, craftsman It is difficult to spin upside down, it is difficult in operation.When bronze statue is too big, since copper liquid fails full of entire type chamber, size increase can be led Causing the casting success ratio of casting can decline.

Due to history, the material of preparation Tibetan area bronze statue of Buddha picture is known as Riamb.Riamb is Tibetan language, at " hiding Chinese voluminous dictionary " In refer to ring casting in bronze at implements.Different Riambs are metal ratio differences, and the color finally shown is different.Generally speaking, sharp Ma alloy is the general designation of various alloyed coppers, and also there are its corresponding time, value, color etc. in various Riambs.Pass through modern age pair The research of Riamb's alloy figure of buddha finds that lead would generally be added in Riamb's alloy.Because lead does not form alloy with copper, tin, zinc, in benefit The defects of there is the mobility that copper liquid can be improved in Ma alloy with graininess, filling the stomata formed in casting process, thus Improve casting quality.

Riamb can often be divided into nine seed types, comprising: (1) before Fan Tong Riamb and Riamb of India, including 13rd century this Watt, Kashmir, the statue of North Eastern Indian various regions and implements use.(2) Fan Tongjiu Riamb, signified scope and Fan Tong Riamb phase Together, marking old word indicates that its age is even earlier.(3) Fan Tong Riamb, i.e. Tibet Riamb, be Tibet make each period statue and Implements have use.(4) Barre Bu Lima, i.e. Riamb of Nepal, statue and implements after about 16th century use.(5) Sang Tang Riamb, mostly North Eastern Indian statue, that is, implements use.(6) bonus Ma, Nepal's early application.(7) Zha Shi Riamb is Rikaze Tashilhunpo monastery uses kind.(8) Zijin Riamb is the most precious kind that palace of the Qing Dynasty archives are recorded.(9) loud, high-pitched sound Ke Damu Riamb and stream Chong Gan Riamb.

Ancient times Riamb's alloy is of great rarity, because materials are extremely rare, not only has us to seem today still very The metals such as rare gold, silver, there are also ancient times from multicolored glass surface etc. of Western import.Riamb's alloy product is usually broken into copper engraving tool Shape, whole body be not gold-plated.It is bright-colored when new mint, and have peculiar light reflecting from metal inside.

Although China's religion ornament materials industry development is rapid, due to starting evening, starting point is low, on some sport technique segments Also there is a big difference compared with world level.Develop and industrialization have advanced feature Riamb's alloy be Tibet religion not Evitable problem, domestic many research institutions and enterprise have carried out multi-faceted trial for a long time, but regrettable , the progress of any substance is not yet obtained so far.Bottom can be passed through by advanced design of material technology Thermodynamics and kinetics means innovate Riamb's alloy material, and the problem for developing and developing new material is solved and produced Industry has very big market value.In face of the domestic and international market competition being growing more intense, it is necessary to paces of accelerating restructuring, this It is the development trend of world today's related fields.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiency in the prior art, provides a kind of lead-free and mercury-free west for having spinodal decomposition feature Hide the black Riamb's alloy of the figure of buddha.

To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

A kind of black Riamb's alloy of lead-free and mercury-free Tibet figure of buddha having spinodal decomposition feature.By weight percentage, alloy Group becomes Li:0.5-1.0wt.%, Sc:0.6-0.8wt.%, P:0.2-0.4wt.%, Bi:10.0-12.0wt.%, Sb:8.0- 8.5wt.%, Ni:12.0-16.0wt.%, Au:5.0-8.0wt.%, Ag:14.0-18.0wt.%, surplus are copper.

A kind of black Riamb's alloy of above-mentioned lead-free and mercury-free Tibet figure of buddha for having spinodal decomposition feature, includes the following steps: As above the raw material matched is added in the electric induction furnace under ar gas environment, and uses graphite crucible;It is protected when melting at 1200 degree Temperature 10 minutes is uniform by Efco-Northrup furnace electromagnetic agitation;1 minute, which is kept the temperature, at 1200 degree after mixing evenly and is cast comes out of the stove;Alloy Casting uses the punching block of diameter 20-30mm, and is cooled down by the way of water cooling.Resulting ingot casting is heated to 850- at room temperature 950 degree and keep the temperature 10 minutes;Then the melt is poured into and carries out cast molding in the mold being ready for;It is needed after cooling and demolding It carries out eliminating casting stress vacuum annealing, temperature is 450 degree, and the time is 0.4 hour;Finally needed in figure of buddha coloring process into The operation of row low-level oxidation, wherein temperature is 250 degree, and the time is 0.8 hour.

Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) in general solidification process of multicomponent alloys, with the generation of dendrite, interdendritic gap is due to having little time by liquid Mutually filling and generate casting cavity and it is loose.This alloy graining characteristic is to cause very much for the large-scale statue of figure of buddha rank The defect of life not only results in a large amount of cavity in part and generates, but also local material mechanical property deficiency and repairing become pole Its difficult something.Modern age to Riamb's figure of buddha alloy research shows that, be usually added into Riamb's alloy a certain amount of lead and Mercury.Since lead and mercury do not form alloy with copper, in the solidification of Riamb's alloy, with the continuous solidification of Cu rich alloy, rich lead and The liquid phase of mercury is also constantly separated from initial alloy melt.These rich lead and mercury melt are due to copper-rich melt phase of getting along well It is molten, thus gradually squeezed in the gap of dendrite in process of setting along with the generation of dendrite, and narrow at these It is finally solidified in gap, plays the effect in supplement solidification cavity.It is thus added to appropriate lead and the copper alloy of mercury is extremely suitable For casting the large-scale statue such as figure of buddha, because the solidification of this material generation is few the defects of empty.For technical term, pass The liquid alloy of Riamb's alloy of system can generate Spinodal destructive effect during solidification, and two kinds of generation is mutually insoluble Liquid phase, thus the liquid phase of low melting point can be compensated in process of setting high-melting-point liquid phase solidification when generate dendrite cavity, because And have the function of extremely beneficial.But it must be observed that lead and mercury are common heavy metals, depot accumulation time is long in human body, arranges It lets out slowly, it is toxic to nerve, blood, renal system.Worker or user after Long Term Contact is leaded and the alloy of mercury, these Heavy metal can enter respiratory tract and alimentary canal by flue dust, cause lead poisoning and mercury poisoning.Therefore of crucial importance in environmental consciousness Today, develop it is a kind of without the Tibetan area of lead and mercury cast figure of buddha Riamb's alloy, for exploitation new product and solve industry hardly possible Topic plays positive effect.

(2) Riamb's alloy of present patent application protection, initial alloy melt can be imitated due to Spinodal in temperature-fall period Copper-rich melt and rich bismuth melt should be decomposed into.Thus, which has wide solidification temperature range (320-850 degree).Wherein The solidification temperature range of main copper-rich melt is 740-850 degree, and the solidification temperature range of rich bismuth is 320-480 degree.Two kinds of liquid The temperature range that the solidification temperature range of phase is covered from 850 degree to 320 degree, thus with the alloy carry out that the figure of buddha casts when Wait, the chance and degree that molten metal and casting mold react are smaller, and the anti-air-breathing oxidability of alloy is stronger, molten metal it is pure Cleanliness improves, and improves the reuse performance of alloy.The appearance profile of alloy cast member after 4 reuses is clear, any surface finish, Without obvious blackspot or discoloration, illustrate that the reuse of alloy is functional.Thus, finished product not only can be improved in the industrialization of the material Rate can also substantially reduce production cost by multiple reuse.

(3) existing Riamb's alloy casting state hardness is all lower at present, often less than 100-110 HB.This is for using Figure of buddha surface quality in the process cannot reach long-time service and require.Riamb's copper alloy of present patent application protection, due to The structure and optimizing components in materialogy have been carried out, thus there is high hardness, can achieve 160-190HB.Using the benefit The figure of buddha of Ma alloy casting, will not leave any scratch even if nail surface is streaked.After normal use 10 years, figure of buddha table The scratch that face is not also formed because contacting hard object.In addition, the figure of buddha that Riamb's alloy can be used to embody in casting process Upper size is only the thin of 1mm.

(4) alloy has the appearance color of black, and the color is generated due to surface low-level oxidation nitride layer.It should Riamb's alloy has excellent corrosion resistance in the weather of Tibetan area, belongs to more stable material.In weak acid, weak base sweat Active performance is not shown, corrosion resistance is also more stable in the environment of strong acid, strong basicity sweat.Riamb's alloy is being hidden The corrosion rate in area is 1.910^-4Mm/, thus there is no bright after using 20 years using the figure of buddha of Riamb's alloy casting Aobvious corrosion phenomenon occurs.And surface also occurs without significantly colour fading or the phenomenon that discoloration.In comparison, traditional The figure of buddha of Riamb's alloy casting just has apparent corrosion phenomena after keeping in the environment of Tibet 4 years and occurs, serious shadow Ring the perception and clean workload for having arrived figure of buddha surface.It is contemplated that the implementation and industrialization of the material will obtain it is excellent Economic benefit and social benefit.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment 1

A kind of black Riamb's alloy of lead-free and mercury-free Tibet figure of buddha having spinodal decomposition feature.By weight percentage, alloy Group becomes Li:0.5wt.%, Sc:0.6wt.%, P:0.2wt.%, Bi:10.0wt.%, Sb:8.0wt.%, Ni:12.0wt.%, Au: 5.0wt.%, Ag:14.0wt.%, surplus are copper.A kind of black benefit of above-mentioned lead-free and mercury-free Tibet figure of buddha for having spinodal decomposition feature Ma alloy includes the following steps: that the raw material that will as above match is added in the electric induction furnace under ar gas environment, and uses graphite earthenware Crucible;10 minutes are kept the temperature at 1200 degree when melting, it is uniform by Efco-Northrup furnace electromagnetic agitation;1 is kept the temperature at 1200 degree after mixing evenly Minute and cast come out of the stove;Alloy casting uses the punching block of diameter 20-30mm, and is cooled down by the way of water cooling.By resulting casting Ingot is heated to 850-950 degree at room temperature and keeps the temperature 10 minutes;Then the melt is poured into the mold being ready for and is poured Type casting moulding;It carries out eliminating casting stress vacuum annealing after cooling and demolding, temperature is 450 degree, and the time is 0.4 hour;Finally It needs to carry out low-level oxidation operation in figure of buddha coloring process, wherein temperature is 250 degree, and the time is 0.8 hour.

The chance and degree that the aluminium alloy and casting mold react are smaller, and the anti-air-breathing oxidability of alloy is stronger, gold The degree of purity for belonging to liquid improves, and improves the reuse performance of alloy.The appearance profile of cast member is clear after 4 reuses, surface light It is clean, without obvious blackspot or discoloration.The alloy has high hardness, can achieve 160-190HB.It is cast using Riamb's alloy The figure of buddha, any scratch will not be left surface is streaked even if nail.After normal use 10 years, figure of buddha surface also without because Contact the scratch that hard object is formed.Using the figure of buddha of Riamb's alloy casting, there is no apparent corrosion phenomenons to send out after using 20 years It is raw.And surface also occurs without significantly colour fading or the phenomenon that discoloration.In comparison, traditional Riamb's alloy is cast The figure of buddha just has apparent corrosion phenomena and occurs after keeping in the environment of Tibet 4 years, serious to have influenced figure of buddha surface Perception and clean workload.

Embodiment 2

A kind of black Riamb's alloy of lead-free and mercury-free Tibet figure of buddha having spinodal decomposition feature.By weight percentage, alloy Group becomes Li:1.0wt.%, Sc:0.8wt.%, P:0.4wt.%, Bi:12.0wt.%, Sb:8.5wt.%, Ni:16.0wt.%, Au: 8.0wt.%, Ag:18.0wt.%, surplus are copper.A kind of black benefit of above-mentioned lead-free and mercury-free Tibet figure of buddha for having spinodal decomposition feature Ma alloy includes the following steps: that the raw material that will as above match is added in the electric induction furnace under ar gas environment, and uses graphite earthenware Crucible;10 minutes are kept the temperature at 1200 degree when melting, it is uniform by Efco-Northrup furnace electromagnetic agitation;1 is kept the temperature at 1200 degree after mixing evenly Minute and cast come out of the stove;Alloy casting uses the punching block of diameter 20-30mm, and is cooled down by the way of water cooling.By resulting casting Ingot is heated to 850-950 degree at room temperature and keeps the temperature 10 minutes;Then the melt is poured into the mold being ready for and is poured Type casting moulding;It carries out eliminating casting stress vacuum annealing after cooling and demolding, temperature is 450 degree, and the time is 0.4 hour;Finally It needs to carry out low-level oxidation operation in figure of buddha coloring process, wherein temperature is 250 degree, and the time is 0.8 hour.

The chance and degree that the aluminium alloy and casting mold react are smaller, and the anti-air-breathing oxidability of alloy is stronger, gold The degree of purity for belonging to liquid improves, and improves the reuse performance of alloy.The appearance profile of cast member is clear after 4 reuses, surface light It is clean, without obvious blackspot or discoloration.The alloy has high hardness, can achieve 160-190HB.It is cast using Riamb's alloy The figure of buddha, any scratch will not be left surface is streaked even if nail.After normal use 10 years, figure of buddha surface also without because Contact the scratch that hard object is formed.Using the figure of buddha of Riamb's alloy casting, there is no apparent corrosion phenomenons to send out after using 20 years It is raw.And surface also occurs without significantly colour fading or the phenomenon that discoloration.In comparison, traditional Riamb's alloy is cast The figure of buddha just has apparent corrosion phenomena and occurs after keeping in the environment of Tibet 4 years, serious to have influenced figure of buddha surface Perception and clean workload.

Embodiment 3

A kind of black Riamb's alloy of lead-free and mercury-free Tibet figure of buddha having spinodal decomposition feature.By weight percentage, alloy Group becomes Li:0.8wt.%, Sc:0.7wt.%, P:0.3wt.%, Bi:11.0wt.%, Sb:8.2wt.%, Ni:14.0wt.%, Au: 6.0wt.%, Ag:15.0wt.%, surplus are copper.A kind of black benefit of above-mentioned lead-free and mercury-free Tibet figure of buddha for having spinodal decomposition feature Ma alloy includes the following steps: that the raw material that will as above match is added in the electric induction furnace under ar gas environment, and uses graphite earthenware Crucible;10 minutes are kept the temperature at 1200 degree when melting, it is uniform by Efco-Northrup furnace electromagnetic agitation;1 is kept the temperature at 1200 degree after mixing evenly Minute and cast come out of the stove;Alloy casting uses the punching block of diameter 20-30mm, and is cooled down by the way of water cooling.By resulting casting Ingot is heated to 850-950 degree at room temperature and keeps the temperature 10 minutes;Then the melt is poured into the mold being ready for and is poured Type casting moulding;It carries out eliminating casting stress vacuum annealing after cooling and demolding, temperature is 450 degree, and the time is 0.4 hour;Finally It needs to carry out low-level oxidation operation in figure of buddha coloring process, wherein temperature is 250 degree, and the time is 0.8 hour.

The chance and degree that the aluminium alloy and casting mold react are smaller, and the anti-air-breathing oxidability of alloy is stronger, gold The degree of purity for belonging to liquid improves, and improves the reuse performance of alloy.The appearance profile of cast member is clear after 4 reuses, surface light It is clean, without obvious blackspot or discoloration.The alloy has high hardness, can achieve 160-190HB.It is cast using Riamb's alloy The figure of buddha, any scratch will not be left surface is streaked even if nail.After normal use 10 years, figure of buddha surface also without because Contact the scratch that hard object is formed.Using the figure of buddha of Riamb's alloy casting, there is no apparent corrosion phenomenons to send out after using 20 years It is raw.And surface also occurs without significantly colour fading or the phenomenon that discoloration.In comparison, traditional Riamb's alloy is cast The figure of buddha just has apparent corrosion phenomena and occurs after keeping in the environment of Tibet 4 years, serious to have influenced figure of buddha surface Perception and clean workload.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of black Riamb's alloy of lead-free and mercury-free Tibet figure of buddha for having spinodal decomposition feature；According to weight percent, the conjunction The ingredient of gold are as follows: Li:0.5-1.0wt.%, Sc:0.6-0.8wt.%, P:0.2-0.4wt.%, Bi:10.0-12.0wt.%, Sb: 8.0-8.5wt.%,Ni:12.0-

16.0wt.%, Au:5.0-8.0wt.%, Ag:14.0-18.0wt.%, surplus are copper.

2. the black Riamb's alloy of a kind of lead-free and mercury-free Tibet figure of buddha for having spinodal decomposition feature according to claim 1, It is characterized in that including following smelting step: in the electric induction furnace that the raw material as above matched is added under ar gas environment, and uses Graphite crucible;10 minutes are kept the temperature at 1200 degree when melting, it is uniform by Efco-Northrup furnace electromagnetic agitation;After mixing evenly at 1200 degree It keeps the temperature 1 minute and casts and come out of the stove;Alloy casting uses the punching block of diameter 20-30mm, and is cooled down by the way of water cooling.

3. the black Riamb's alloy of a kind of lead-free and mercury-free Tibet figure of buddha for having spinodal decomposition feature according to claim 1, It is characterized in that comprising using step as follows: resulting ingot casting being heated to 850-950 degree at room temperature and keeps the temperature 10 minutes;Then The melt is poured into and carries out cast molding in the mold being ready for;Elimination casting stress vacuum is carried out after cooling and demolding to move back Fire, temperature are 450 degree, and the time is 0.4 hour;It finally needs to carry out low-level oxidation operation in figure of buddha coloring process, wherein temperature It is 250 degree, the time is 0.8 hour.