CN108728677A - A kind of Tibetan area figure of buddha forges molding high rigidity Huang Riamb's alloy and its technique - Google Patents
A kind of Tibetan area figure of buddha forges molding high rigidity Huang Riamb's alloy and its technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN108728677A CN108728677A CN201810971286.6A CN201810971286A CN108728677A CN 108728677 A CN108728677 A CN 108728677A CN 201810971286 A CN201810971286 A CN 201810971286A CN 108728677 A CN108728677 A CN 108728677A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/026—Anodisation with spark discharge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/34—Anodisation of metals or alloys not provided for in groups C25D11/04 - C25D11/32
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Tibetan area figures of buddha to forge molding high rigidity Huang Riamb's alloy and its technique.According to weight percent, the ingredient of the alloy is:Ca:0.5-0.8wt.%,Mg:2.0-3.0wt.%,Sb:3.0-4.0wt.%,Bi:2.0-2.5wt.%,Ni:6.0-9.0wt.%,Mn:1.0-2.0wt.%,Zn:20.0-25.0wt.%,Ag:15.0-18.0wt.%, surplus are copper.The material provides a kind of novel materialogy solution for the deformation Riamb alloy that various components in the large size figure of buddha production process of China Tibetan area need, and the alloy without lead and mercury and can show stable yellow appearance.The implementation and industrialization of the material can effectively push update and the industry upgrade requirement of China's religion jewellery trade new material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of alloy, specifically, being related to an Albatra metal.
Background technology
7th century of Christian era Buddhism by India, be passed to the Chinese Tibet, industry and intelligence of the Tibetan people with them over more than 1300 years
With remarkable artistic natural gift, brilliant Tibet Buddhist art is created on the roof of the world.It hides and passes golden bronze statue of Buddha picture as sculpture skill
One main class of art, achievement is proud, and burst forth unusual brilliance in the woods of Ancient Times in China scuoptor.In such history
The gold, silver and bronze iron processes device in period, Tibetan Buddhist technically in technological level, is incorporated things of diverse nature, and gradually develop the more of itself
Sample style.No matter in quantity, quality etc., all gradually unprecedented prosperity degree has been arrived in progress.Thereafter, the smelting that the Chinese is hidden
Refining, casting, the techniques such as metal incision, also mutually blending always, increasingly finely, makes constant progress.It hides and passes bronze statue of Buddha as sculpture work
There are two types of skills：It casts and makes.For casting model powder model method, exactly by preparing sand model, then it will cast after alloy melting
Into carrying out coagulation forming in sand model.Obviously, the large-scale figure of buddha is not appropriate for being prepared using sand model method.When the size of the figure of buddha
When excessive, to be molded using technique is forged, it also referred to as beats technique.Mainly by alloy sheets carry out forging
At, then effectively spliced.When producing the figure of buddha, it is necessary to first design drawing, and component is plotted on copper coin, make
The sequence for making the figure of buddha must be from top to bottom, usually on a metal plate and the size of calibrated sizes and the shape to be made are special
Sign, if the volume of the figure of buddha is larger, should first finish on drawing, be sticked in corresponding template according still further to size and, with
Ensure the accuracy of figure of buddha size.So that copper coin has required shape by different pounds, then pass through again
The method of splicing has just obtained required large-scale bronze statue of Buddha picture.
In Tibetan area, the copper alloy for preparing the figure of buddha is known as Riamb.《Hide Chinese dictionary》Explain that it means all kinds of loud copper products.
Different Riambs are alloying component and ratio difference, and the color finally glowed is also different.In material, it is not limited only to copper and iron, also
Other noble metal is added to reach the diversity of gloss and the plasticity and density and oxidative resistance of reinforcement material, is allowed to produce
The alloyed copper method object come is extremely fine and has artistic appeal.
When classifying to Riamb's alloy according to color, Riamb can be divided into colored Riamb, Brix agate, yellow Riamb,
Bonus agate, purple Riamb, bronze Riamb etc..Riamb's alloy is classified and is recorded as in more detail however, just having in the Qing Dynasty：1）It is of ancient India
This watt, Kashmir, the statue of North Eastern Indian various regions and implements use before copper Riamb and Riamb of India, including 13rd century.2）It is of ancient India
Tong Jiu Riambs, signified scope is identical as Fan Tong Riambs, marks old word and indicates that its age is even earlier.3）Fan Tong Riambs, i.e. Tibet profit
Agate is that Tibet makes each period statue and implements and has use.4）Barre Bu Lima, i.e. Riamb of Nepal, about 16 generation
Statue after discipline is used with implements.5）Sang Tang Riambs, mostly North Eastern Indian statue, that is, implements use.6）Bonus agate, Nepal are early
Phase uses.7）Zha Shi Riambs use kind for Rikaze Tashilhunpo monastery.8）Zijin Riamb is the most precious product that imperial palace is recorded
Kind.9）Loud, high-pitched sound Ke Damu Riambs and Liu Chonggan Riambs.
Modern age to Riamb's figure of buddha alloy research shows that, a certain amount of lead and mercury are usually added into Riamb's alloy.Due to lead
Alloy is not formed with copper with mercury, in the solidification of Riamb's alloy, with the continuous solidification of Cu rich alloy, the liquid phase of rich lead and mercury
Also it is constantly separated from initial alloy melt.These rich lead and mercury melt since discord copper-rich melt mixes, thus
In the gap for gradually being squeezed dendrite along with the generation of dendrite in process of setting, and in these narrow gaps most
Final set is solid, plays the effect in supplement solidification cavity.The copper alloy for being thus added to appropriate lead and mercury extremely suitable is used for casting
The large size statue such as figure of buddha, because the solidification of this material generation is few the defects of empty.For technical term, traditional Riamb
The liquid alloy of alloy can generate Spinodal destructive effect during solidification, generate two kinds of mutually insoluble liquid phases,
Thus the liquid phase of low melting point can compensate the dendrite cavity generated when the solidification of high-melting-point liquid phase in process of setting, thus have pole
Its beneficial effect.
Although China's religion ornament materials industry development is rapid, due to starting evening, starting point is low, on some sport technique segments
Also there is a big difference compared with world level.Develop and industrialization have advanced feature Riamb's alloy be Tibet religion not
Evitable problem, domestic for a long time many research institutions and enterprise have carried out multi-faceted trial, but regrettable
, the progress of any substance is not yet obtained so far.It can pass through bottom by advanced design of material technology
Thermodynamics and kinetics means innovate Riamb's alloy material, and the problem for developing and developing new material is solved and produced
Industry has prodigious market value.In face of the domestic and international market competition being growing more intense, it is necessary to paces of accelerating restructuring, this
It is the development trend of world today's related field.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiency in the prior art, provides a kind of Tibetan area figure of buddha and forges the yellow profit of molding high rigidity
Agate alloy and its technique.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of Tibetan area figure of buddha forges molding high rigidity Huang Riamb's alloy and its technique.By weight percentage, the composition of alloy
For Ca:0.5-0.8wt.%,Mg:2.0-3.0wt.%,Sb:3.0-4.0wt.%,Bi:2.0-2.5wt.%,Ni:6.0-9.0wt.%,
Mn:1.0-2.0wt.%,Zn:20.0-25.0wt.%,Ag:15.0-18.0wt.%, surplus are copper.
A kind of above-mentioned Tibetan area figure of buddha forges molding high rigidity Huang Riamb's alloy and its technique, includes the following steps：It will be as
The raw material of upper proportioning is added in the electric induction furnace under ar gas environment, and uses graphite crucible;10 are kept the temperature when melting at 1200 degree
Minute, it is uniform by Efco-Northrup furnace electromagnetic agitation;Keep the temperature 1 minute at 1200 degree after stirring evenly and pour into mold carry out at
Type, and cooled down by the way of water cooling.The surface of cast member is carried out at room temperature to forge molding, every time deflection does not surpass
4% is crossed, the deflection of multiple continuous passages is less than 30%；If continuously forging the deflection more than 30%, it is necessary to carry out intermediate move back
Fire；Intermediate anneal temperature is 420 degree, and the time is 0.6 hour;It finally needs to carry out low-level oxidation operation in figure of buddha coloring process,
Wherein temperature is 210 degree, and the time is 0.5 hour.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：
（1）In general solidification process of multicomponent alloys, with the generation of dendrite, interdendritic gap is due to having little time by liquid
Mutually filling and generate casting cavity and it is loose.This alloy graining characteristic is to cause very much for the large-scale statue of figure of buddha rank
The defect of life not only results in a large amount of cavity in part and generates, but also local material mechanical property deficiency and repairing become poling
Its difficult something.Why Riamb's alloy of Tibetan area is suitble to the figure of buddha of casting large-scale to be because the liquid phase of the material has
Extremely excellent solidifiability.For technical term, the liquid alloy of traditional Riamb's alloy can during solidification
Spinodal destructive effect is generated, two kinds of mutually insoluble liquid phases are generated, thus the liquid phase of low melting point can be in process of setting
The dendrite cavity generated when compensation high-melting-point liquid phase solidification, thus there is extremely beneficial compaction.However, it is necessary to see,
Traditional Riamb's alloy is casting alloy type mostly, is suitble to the deformation Riamb alloy that large size figure of buddha deformation forges also very
It is few, and type is also few.Thus, in today that people's lives greatly enrich, develop a kind of deform with Riamb's alloy for opening
It sends out new product and solves industry problems and play positive effect.Further, since Riamb's alloy of present patent application protection is free of
Lead and mercury, thus extremely important today there is realistic meaning to environmental consciousness.
（2）The alloy smelting processing method is simple, and production cost is relatively low, reduces to equipment requirement.It can solve to cast
Hot cracking tendency is big when making, and casting cavity is low with loose apparent product yield rate to wait technical barriers.It can produce high size essence
The thin-section casting of degree and low surface roughness, die casting wall thickness can reach the casting that minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) is 1mm, can cast out a diameter of
The aperture of 0.3mm or so.It is molten that alloy initial alloy melt in temperature-fall period can be decomposed into copper-rich due to Spinodal effects
Body and rich bismuth melt.Thus, which has wide solidification temperature range（340-860 degree）.Wherein main copper-rich melt
Solidification temperature range be 650-860 degree, the solidification temperature range of rich bismuth is 340-420 degree.The setting temperature model of two kinds of liquid phases
Enclose the temperature range covered from 860 degree to 340 degree, thus when carrying out the figure of buddha with the alloy and being cast with copper piece, gained
Casting has high consistency, can reach 98% or more.In addition, chance and degree that molten metal reacts with casting mold are more
It is small.
（3）The material just has extremely excellent mechanical property after casting.Tensile strength reaches 420-560MPa, extends
Rate is 25-32%.Thus the material forging after casting can be subjected to prodigious deformation in forming process（10-30%）And do not have to
Processing hardening is eliminated in intermediate annealing.In addition, existing Riamb's alloy casting state hardness is all relatively low at present, often less than 100-110
HB.Riamb's copper alloy of present patent application protection, due to having carried out the structure in materialogy and optimizing components, thus with high
Hardness, 130-150HB can be reached.It, in use will not be because of outer thus using the figure of buddha component of the material preparation
The surface that acts on of power generates cut.This characteristic is for protecting the surface perception of the figure of buddha to have extremely important realistic meaning.
（4）The alloy has the appearance color and luster of yellow, and the color and luster is generated due to surface low-level oxidation nitride layer.It should
Riamb's alloy has extremely excellent corrosion resistance, and experience forges operation and stress relief annealing post-etching performance is not produced
The phenomenon that giving birth to drop.Corrosion rate of the Riamb's alloy in Tibetan area is 1.510-4Mm/, thus prepared using Riamb's alloy
The figure of buddha using after 20 years, there is no apparent corrosion phenomenons to occur.And surface does not also significantly fade or changes colour
Phenomenon occurs.In comparison, the figure of buddha of traditional Riamb's alloy casting just has bright after being kept in the environment of Tibet 4 years
Aobvious corrosion phenomena occurs, the serious perception for having influenced figure of buddha surface and clean workload.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1
A kind of Tibetan area figure of buddha forges molding high rigidity Huang Riamb's alloy and its technique.By weight percentage, the composition of alloy
For Ca:0.5wt.%,Mg:2.0wt.%,Sb:3.0wt.%,Bi:2.0wt.%,Ni:6.0wt.%,Mn:1.0wt.%,Zn:
20.0wt.%,Ag:15.0wt.%, surplus are copper.A kind of above-mentioned Tibetan area figure of buddha forge molding high rigidity Huang Riamb's alloy and its
Technique includes the following steps：As above the raw material matched is added in the electric induction furnace under ar gas environment, and uses graphite earthenware
Crucible;10 minutes are kept the temperature at 1200 degree when melting, it is uniform by Efco-Northrup furnace electromagnetic agitation;1 is kept the temperature after stirring evenly at 1200 degree
Minute and pour into mold and be molded, and cooled down by the way of water cooling.The surface of cast member is forged at room temperature
Molding, every time deflection are no more than 4%, and the deflection of multiple continuous passages is less than 30%；If continuously forged more than 30%
Deflection, it is necessary to carry out intermediate annealing；Intermediate anneal temperature is 420 degree, and the time is 0.6 hour;Finally in figure of buddha coloring process
In need carry out low-level oxidation operation, wherein temperature be 210 degree, the time be 0.5 hour.
The alloy has wide solidification temperature range（340-860 degree）.The setting temperature of wherein main copper-rich melt
The solidification temperature range of ranging from 650-860 degree, rich bismuth is 340-420 degree.The solidification temperature range of two kinds of liquid phases cover from
860 degree to 340 degree of temperature range, thus when being cast with copper piece with the alloy progress figure of buddha, gained casting has pole
High consistency can reach 98% or more.The material forging after casting can be subjected to prodigious deformation in forming process
（10-30%）And eliminate processing hardening without intermediate annealing.Using the figure of buddha component of the material preparation, in use not
It can be because the surface that acts on of external force generates cut.There is no apparent rotten after using 20 years for the figure of buddha prepared by Riamb's alloy
Lose phenomenon.And surface the phenomenon that also significantly not fading or change colour, occurs.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Tibetan area figure of buddha forges molding high rigidity Huang Riamb's alloy and its technique.By weight percentage, the composition of alloy
For Ca:0.8wt.%,Mg:3.0wt.%,Sb:4.0wt.%,Bi:2.5wt.%,Ni:9.0wt.%,Mn:2.0wt.%,Zn:
25.0wt.%,Ag:18.0wt.%, surplus are copper.A kind of above-mentioned Tibetan area figure of buddha forge molding high rigidity Huang Riamb's alloy and its
Technique includes the following steps：As above the raw material matched is added in the electric induction furnace under ar gas environment, and uses graphite earthenware
Crucible;10 minutes are kept the temperature at 1200 degree when melting, it is uniform by Efco-Northrup furnace electromagnetic agitation;1 is kept the temperature after stirring evenly at 1200 degree
Minute and pour into mold and be molded, and cooled down by the way of water cooling.The surface of cast member is forged at room temperature
Molding, every time deflection are no more than 4%, and the deflection of multiple continuous passages is less than 30%；If continuously forged more than 30%
Deflection, it is necessary to carry out intermediate annealing；Intermediate anneal temperature is 420 degree, and the time is 0.6 hour;Finally in figure of buddha coloring process
In need carry out low-level oxidation operation, wherein temperature be 210 degree, the time be 0.5 hour.
The alloy has wide solidification temperature range（340-860 degree）.The setting temperature of wherein main copper-rich melt
The solidification temperature range of ranging from 650-860 degree, rich bismuth is 340-420 degree.The solidification temperature range of two kinds of liquid phases cover from
860 degree to 340 degree of temperature range, thus when being cast with copper piece with the alloy progress figure of buddha, gained casting has pole
High consistency can reach 98% or more.The material forging after casting can be subjected to prodigious deformation in forming process
（10-30%）And eliminate processing hardening without intermediate annealing.Using the figure of buddha component of the material preparation, in use not
It can be because the surface that acts on of external force generates cut.There is no apparent rotten after using 20 years for the figure of buddha prepared by Riamb's alloy
Lose phenomenon.And surface the phenomenon that also significantly not fading or change colour, occurs.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Tibetan area figure of buddha forges molding high rigidity Huang Riamb's alloy and its technique.By weight percentage, the composition of alloy
For Ca:0.6wt.%,Mg:2.5wt.%,Sb:3.2wt.%,Bi:2.4wt.%,Ni:6.5wt.%,Mn:1.2wt.%,Zn:
24.0wt.%,Ag:16.0wt.%, surplus are copper.A kind of above-mentioned Tibetan area figure of buddha forge molding high rigidity Huang Riamb's alloy and its
Technique includes the following steps：As above the raw material matched is added in the electric induction furnace under ar gas environment, and uses graphite earthenware
Crucible;10 minutes are kept the temperature at 1200 degree when melting, it is uniform by Efco-Northrup furnace electromagnetic agitation;1 is kept the temperature after stirring evenly at 1200 degree
Minute and pour into mold and be molded, and cooled down by the way of water cooling.The surface of cast member is forged at room temperature
Molding, every time deflection are no more than 4%, and the deflection of multiple continuous passages is less than 30%；If continuously forged more than 30%
Deflection, it is necessary to carry out intermediate annealing；Intermediate anneal temperature is 420 degree, and the time is 0.6 hour;Finally in figure of buddha coloring process
In need carry out low-level oxidation operation, wherein temperature be 210 degree, the time be 0.5 hour.
The alloy has wide solidification temperature range（340-860 degree）.The setting temperature of wherein main copper-rich melt
The solidification temperature range of ranging from 650-860 degree, rich bismuth is 340-420 degree.The solidification temperature range of two kinds of liquid phases cover from
860 degree to 340 degree of temperature range, thus when being cast with copper piece with the alloy progress figure of buddha, gained casting has pole
High consistency can reach 98% or more.The material forging after casting can be subjected to prodigious deformation in forming process
（10-30%）And eliminate processing hardening without intermediate annealing.Using the figure of buddha component of the material preparation, in use not
It can be because the surface that acts on of external force generates cut.There is no apparent rotten after using 20 years for the figure of buddha prepared by Riamb's alloy
Lose phenomenon.And surface the phenomenon that also significantly not fading or change colour, occurs.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of Tibetan area figure of buddha forges molding high rigidity Huang Riamb's alloy and its technique；According to weight percent, the alloy
Ingredient is: Ca:0.5-0.8wt.%,Mg:2.0-3.0wt.%,Sb:3.0-4.0wt.%,Bi:2.0-2.5wt.%,Ni:6.0-
9.0wt.%,Mn:1.0-2.0wt.%,Zn:20.0-25.0wt.%,Ag:15.0-18.0wt.%, surplus are copper.
2. a kind of Tibetan area figure of buddha forges molding high rigidity Huang Riamb's alloy and its technique, feature according to claim 1
It is to include following smelting step：As above the raw material matched is added in the electric induction furnace under ar gas environment, and uses graphite
Crucible;10 minutes are kept the temperature at 1200 degree when melting, it is uniform by Efco-Northrup furnace electromagnetic agitation;It is kept the temperature at 1200 degree after stirring evenly
It 1 minute and pours into mold and is molded, and cooled down by the way of water cooling.
3. a kind of Tibetan area figure of buddha forges molding high rigidity Huang Riamb's alloy and its technique, feature according to claim 1
It is to use step comprising following：The surface of cast member is carried out at room temperature to forge molding, every time deflection is no more than
4%, the deflection of multiple continuous passages is less than 30%；If continuously forging the deflection more than 30%, it is necessary to carry out intermediate annealing；
Intermediate anneal temperature is 420 degree, and the time is 0.6 hour;It finally needs to carry out low-level oxidation operation in figure of buddha coloring process, wherein
Temperature is 210 degree, and the time is 0.5 hour.
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| CN201810971286.6A CN108728677A (en) | 2018-08-24 | 2018-08-24 | A kind of Tibetan area figure of buddha forges molding high rigidity Huang Riamb's alloy and its technique |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113265561A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-17 | 云南滇工李雕塑艺术有限公司 | Production process and production equipment of cooked mottled copper material |
-
2018
- 2018-08-24 CN CN201810971286.6A patent/CN108728677A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113265561A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-17 | 云南滇工李雕塑艺术有限公司 | Production process and production equipment of cooked mottled copper material |
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