CN109020815A - 一种从刺葡萄汁中制备咖啡酰酒石酸标准品的方法 - Google Patents
一种从刺葡萄汁中制备咖啡酰酒石酸标准品的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C67/56—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by solid-liquid treatment; by chemisorption
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用高速逆流色谱分离制备刺葡萄浊汁中咖啡酰酒石酸标准品的方法。所述方法步骤为:采用大孔吸附树脂对刺葡萄浊汁进行富集,经乙醇的洗脱,冷冻干燥处理,获得粗样,粗样经溶剂体系水进行高速逆流分离。本发明建立了高速逆流色谱分离刺葡萄浊汁中多酚单体的方法,通过HPLC‑MS,核磁共振等方法鉴定了所分离的单体为咖啡酰酒石酸。咖啡酰酒石酸具有重要的药理功能,其标准品昂贵,而本发明方法分离制备的咖啡酰酒石酸,纯度为95.8%,计算产率为61.99mg/L。因此,本发明制备的高纯度标准品的方法可以满足对刺葡萄的咖啡酰酒石酸的大规模制备。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及咖啡酰酒石酸标准品的制备方法,具体涉及从刺葡萄中制备咖啡酰酒石酸标准品的方法。
背景技术
刺葡萄(Vitis davidii Foex)属葡萄属东亚种群,在陕西、甘肃、华中、华南及西南等地都有广泛的种植面积。其中,湖南是刺葡萄集中分布的省份之一,已有两百多年的栽培历史,以湘西和湘南最多【石雪晖,王益志,陈祖玉等. 湖南刺葡萄植物学性状及抗病性研究初报[J]. 中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2002(02):22-24】。多项研究表明刺葡萄产量高,抗性强,果实风味好,果汁多,糖酸比高,花青素、原花青素、白黎芦醇等天然活性物质含量高,有很大的应用前景。
咖啡酰酒石酸(Caftaric acid,CAS 67879-58-7)又称单咖啡酰酒石酸,属酚酸类是多酚的一种。该物质是一种以抗氧化性著称的微量营养素,对健康有很多好处,包括抗炎、抗癌和抗病毒能力等。人类饮食中咖啡酰酒石酸的来源广泛,其存在于蔬菜、水果和草药中如:咖啡、葡萄酒、姜黄、罗勒、百里香、卷心菜、苹果、草莓、萝卜、蘑菇、羽衣甘蓝、梨、橄榄油等。咖啡酰酒石酸是一种已知的抗氧化剂。抗氧化剂有助于防止体内其他分子的氧化。氧化会产生自由基,自由基会破坏细胞。这反过来又会导致炎症、心脏病甚至癌症。研究发现咖啡酰酒石酸具有的功能包括:减少炎症、预防癌症、预防与化疗和放疗有关的毒性、预防糖尿病、防止过早老化、预防神经退行性疾病,如帕金森病、减少疲劳状况。它的抗氧化特性可能有助于降低罹患癌症、心脏病和老年痴呆症等其他疾病的几率【Liu Q,Wang Y,XiaoC,et al. Metabolism of chicoric acid by rat liver microsomes and bioactivitycomparisons of chicoric acid and its metabolites [J]. Food & Function,2015,6(6):1928-1935.】。此外,它还可以保护皮肤免受阳光的伤害。目前,没有明确的证据证明其对人体有副作用。一些具有消炎抗病毒等功能的药材如蒲公英、紫锥菊等,其主要生物活性成分为咖啡酰酒石酸。因此,咖啡酰酒石酸也是这些药材重要药用成分评价指标【苏婷婷,吴翠礼,覃淑仪,等. 紫锥菊单咖啡酰酒石酸和菊苣酸提取工艺优化[J]. 亚热带植物科学,2016,45(04):321-324.;张莹,刘珂,吴立军. 紫锥菊属药用植物研究进展[J]. 中草药,2001,32(9):852-855.】。但是,昂贵的标准品价格限制了其检测与研究。
葡萄多酚是葡萄中天然植物多酚类活性物质是葡萄中存在的所有酚类物质的总称称。葡萄多酚可分为黄酮类多酚和非黄酮多酚(酚酸类),前者包括花青素、儿茶素等,后者包括羟基苯甲酸、羟基酸和芪类化合物等。羟基桂皮酒石酰酯是葡萄中主要的一类酚酸类多酚物质。其中含量较高的主要有单咖啡酰酒石酸酯、单香豆酰酒石酸酯和单阿魏酰酒石酸酯等,尤以单咖啡酰酒石酸为多【庞海霞,马鹏程,马丽,等. 超高效液相色谱法测定葡萄汁中单咖啡酰酒石酸的含量[J]. 食品科学,2013,34(10):135-138.】。
在葡萄中咖啡酰酒石酸含量在不同部位差异很大,主要存在于葡萄皮中,约300mg/kg,而在葡萄汁或种子中则只有几到十几mg/kg【张凌怡,王智聪,张维冰. 超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法测定葡萄中单咖啡酰酒石酸酯,单香豆酰酒石酸酯和单阿魏酰酒石酸酯[J]. 色谱,2013,31(2):122-126.】,不同品种间其含量差异也较大【吴帅,张燕,王开宇,等. 小芒森甜白葡萄酒质量指标分析[J]. 酿酒科技,2014 (12):102-105.】。目前,刺葡萄中咖啡酰酒石酸的含量还未见检测的报道。
植物总多酚的分析通常采用光谱法,但光谱法干扰较大,对多酚的准确定量有一定的误差。色谱法可以进一步分离确定多酚的类型,广泛用于植物多酚类化合物的检测。目前,咖啡酰酒石酸的检测多采用高效液相色谱HPLC或超高效液相色谱法UPLC,而该方法的建立依赖于高质量的标准品作为对照【兰瑞容,刘燕,苏英. HPLC 同时测定蒲公英颗粒中的单咖啡酰酒石酸和菊苣酸[J]. 华西药学杂志,2018,33(2):197-199.】。但单咖啡酰酒石酸在溶液中易变质,极性很大,分离纯化较难,相应的对照品价格较高。如Sigma-aldrich试剂公司,该标准品价格为2971.79元/5mg。采用简单易行的方法得到大量咖啡酰酒石酸单体将对其进一步的研究有着重大意义。
植物多酚单体分离纯化的主要方法有:薄层色谱、纸色谱、凝胶色谱等多种技术联合使用【Odake K,Terahara N,N Saito,Toki K,Honda T.Phytochemistry,1992,31(6):2127-2130;Terahara N,Shimizu T,Kato Y,Nakamura M,Maitani T,Yamaguchi M,GodaY. Bioscience,Biotechnology and Biochemistr,1999,63(8):1420-1424】但操作不方便、没有良好的重现性等现存问题使得其并没有被大力推广。而近年来,兼具高效、稳定和制备量大等优势的高速逆流色谱(high-speed countercurrent chromatography,HSCCC,)已经被广泛应用在分离和纯化等方面。高速逆流色谱是一种连续高效的“液-液”分配色谱分离技术,它利用两相溶剂体系在高速旋转的螺旋管内建立起一种特殊的单向性流体动力学平衡,当其中一相作为固定相,另一相作为流动相。运转仪器的时候,两相溶剂实现充分的接触、混合、分配和传递,因为样品每个组分在两相溶剂中有不同的分配体系参数,从而在连续洗脱过程中达到高速高效的分离制备。高速逆流色谱在分离过程中不需要固体支撑物,物质的分离依据其在两相中分配系数的不同而实现,分离效果好;由于被分离物质与液态固定相之间能够充分接触,使得样品的制备量大大提高,一次可分离几十毫升粗样;另外,与柱色谱相比,避免了固相载体带来的样品污染、失活变性等缺点,有较大的应用范围、广阔的适应范围、简单的操作流程、较高的回收率和分离效率高,重现性也比较好【朱立才.植物多酚的高速逆流色谱分离及特性研究[D].华南理工大学,2010.】。
目前 HSCCC 技术已经广泛应用于生物医药、天然产物、食品和化妆品等领域,特别在天然产物行业中已被认为是一种有效的新型分离技术,适合化合物标准品的分离制备。如杜琪珍等使用制备型高速逆流色谱仪从杨梅花色苷粗提物中分离了矢车菊色素-3-β-吡喃型葡萄糖苷单体和飞燕草色素-3-葡萄糖苷单体【杜琪珍,姜华,徐渊金.杨梅中主要花色苷的组成与结构[J].食品与发酵工业,2008(08):48-51+55】。胡晓丹等利用高速逆流色谱,从紫苏叶花色素苷粗提物中分离到了紫苏宁和丙二酰基紫苏宁单体【胡晓丹,孙爱东,张德权.高速逆流色谱分离紫苏叶花色素苷的研究(英文)[J].中药材,2010,33(10):1586-1588.】目前,刺葡萄咖啡酰酒石酸的提取鲜有报道,适合用于液相色谱检测用的标准品高效的制备方法也还未公布。
发明内容
本发明人发现,刺葡萄(整个果实)在粗榨后,HPLC谱图并未检测到明显的咖啡酰酒石酸峰图,而在放置了一个月后发现,刺葡萄汁中产生了较明显的咖啡酰酒石酸。由于咖啡酸含有两个羟基,氧化性较强,推测在葡萄汁中咖啡酸与酒石酸的羟基的一种对映体形成酯键,进而形成咖啡酰酒石酸。相对于从高含量的葡萄皮中提取,直接从葡萄浊汁中提取更为方便,而处理后葡萄浊汁中咖啡酰酒石酸的提高为我们制备其标准品带来了便利。
对此,本发明开发了一套利用高速逆流色谱技术分离纯化刺葡萄中的咖啡酰酒石酸的方法。本发明得到的高纯度和高含量的咖啡酰酒石酸标准品的制备方法可以满足咖啡酰酒石酸的HPLC检测与利用。
本发明的提供的技术方案是:一种利用高速逆流色谱分离制备刺葡萄汁中咖啡酰酒石酸标准品的方法,所述方法步骤包括:
采用AB-8大孔吸附树脂对处理后的刺葡萄浊汁进行富集,经乙醇的洗脱,冷冻干燥处理,获得粗样,粗样经溶剂体系乙酸乙酯:甲醇:0.2%冰乙酸水进行高速逆流分离,收集195-200min的流出液,于-50℃减压浓缩冷冻干燥。
所述的方法,刺葡萄浊汁,指的是由胶体磨碾磨刺葡萄整个果实,获得的刺葡萄浊汁;优选的该浊汁需经120℃高温灭菌10min后,4℃放置25-35天,优选30天。
所述溶剂体系乙酸乙酯:甲醇:0.2%冰乙酸水的比例为:3:1:5至4:1:5所述溶剂体系乙酸乙酯:甲醇:0.2%冰乙酸水的比例为2-5:0.5-1.5:4-6,优选为3-4:1:5,更优选为3:1:5或4:1:5。最优选地,所述溶剂体系乙酸乙酯:甲醇:0.2%冰乙酸水的比例为3:1:5。
所述的方法,高速逆流色谱进样原料的制备方法如下:取刺葡萄汁离心取上清液,调节至pH 2-3,通过装有大孔吸附树脂的层析柱,然后用蒸馏水快速洗柱,至流出的水颜色很浅,再用乙醇洗柱,接收流出来的红紫色液体,减压浓缩冷冻干燥,制得干粉即粗样,冷藏保存备用。
所述的方法,高速逆流色谱进样原料的制备方法如下:刺葡萄汁5000r/min转速离心10分钟,取上清液用盐酸调节pH 2-3,以2-2BV/h的流速通过装有60cm×3cm AB-8大孔吸附树脂的层析柱,待树脂吸附完成后,关闭阀门静置半个小时;然后用蒸馏水快速洗柱,至流出的水颜色很浅,再用70%乙醇以3-4BV/h的流速洗柱,接收流出来的红紫色液体,于-50℃减压浓缩冷冻干燥,制得干粉即粗样,冷藏保存备用。
所述高速逆流分离步骤具体为:将各溶剂按照比例配制后,震摇后静置自然分层,上相作固定相,下相作流动相;将粗样用流动相进行溶解;固定相泵满管路,再泵入流动相;等到有流动相流出时体系平衡,平衡后,停泵,然后进样,开泵,根据图谱分别收集195-200min的流出液。
所述的方法,其中固定相泵满管路,再泵入流动相具体为:固定相以20mL/min的流速泵满管路,再以850rpm/min正转,流速2 mL/min的条件泵入流动相;温度设置为25℃,检测波长280nm。
所述的方法,所述高速逆流分离的上样量150-250 mg,优选为200mg。
本发明具有以下优点:
本发明基于发明人发现的现象出发,从而可以不从葡萄皮中提取,而直接从葡萄浊汁中提取,进一步的根据提取步骤的筛选和优化而最终完成的本发明,因此,本发明提供了一种利用高速逆流色谱分离制备刺葡萄浊汁中咖啡酰酒石酸标准品的方法。本发明建立了高速逆流色谱分离刺葡萄浊汁中多酚单体的方法,通过HPLC-MS,核磁共振等方法鉴定了所分离的单体为咖啡酰酒石酸。咖啡酰酒石酸具有重要的药理功能,其标准品昂贵,而本发明方法分离制备的咖啡酰酒石酸,纯度为95.8%,计算产率为61.99mg/L。因此,本发明制备的高纯度标准品的方法可以满足对刺葡萄的咖啡酰酒石酸的大规模制备。而本发明方法,相对于传统的柱色谱技术,具有操作灵活、高效、快速、制备量大、费用低等优点。对刺葡萄咖啡酰酒石酸深入的功能研究及刺葡萄产品的质量控制具有重大意义。
附图说明
图1 刺葡萄浊汁HPLC检测图谱;
图2 刺葡萄浊汁花色苷和8.52 min多酚物质的紫外光谱图;
图3 多酚类物质HSCCC的分离效果;
图4 分离目标化合物纯度测定的HPLC图;
图5 刺葡萄目标化合物咖啡酰酒石酸结构图。
具体实施方式
所用材料与试剂:所试刺葡萄采自湖南省怀化市中方县,刺葡萄类型为“湘珍珠”;采用胶体磨碾磨刺葡萄整个果实获得刺葡萄浊汁备用。试剂包括色谱纯乙酸乙酯、甲醇、冰乙酸、乙腈等(天津恒兴化学试剂公司)。
所用仪器设备:TBE-300A型高速逆流色谱仪(上海同田生化技术有限公司);MODULYOD-230冷冻干燥机(美国热电公司);LC-20AT高效液相色谱(日本岛津公司);核磁共振器(美国瓦里公司)。另外仪器还涉及超声波清洗仪;HH数显恒温水浴锅;超过滤装置等。
方法步骤:
(1)刺葡萄汁中化学成分的HPLC分析
高效液相色谱(HPLC)参数:Science WondasilTM C18柱(4.6×250 mm,5μm);流动相A:0.2%磷酸水,B:乙腈。洗脱程序:0-30 min:8→30% B;流速1 mL/min,柱温30℃。二极管阵列检测器,检测波长530nm。
本发明对制备的刺葡萄浊汁(样本1)进行了HPLC检测,而对该浊汁经120℃高温灭菌10min,4℃保存一个月后(样本2)再次进行了HPLC检测,发现两个样本中物质出现了较明显变化(图1)。通过HPLC色谱分析,发现新鲜制备的刺葡萄浊汁中主要含有两种花色苷,保留时间分别为15.42min和 27.81min(图1A)。而在4℃保存一个月后,色谱图中的化学成分有显著变化,其中花色苷峰急剧降低,且产生一些未知成分,特别是在8.52 min左右,有一个明显的峰出现(图1B)。
通过,紫外光谱发现花色苷在可见光区和紫外区的最大吸收波长分别为530nm 和280nm 附近具有独特的吸收,通过光谱特征可初步判定这两个物质为花色苷(图2A,B)。而样本2中8.52 min左右非花色苷成分在280nm左右有强吸收(图2C),符合多酚类化合物的紫外吸收光谱,推测该物质为其他多酚类物质。
(2)高速逆流色谱进样原料的制备
制备参数:取刺葡萄汁3L,5000r/min转速离心10分钟,取上清液用盐酸调节pH 2-3,以2-2BV/h的流速通过装有AB-8大孔吸附树脂的层析柱(60cm×3cm,树脂350mL),待树脂吸附完成后,关闭阀门静轩半个小时。然后用蒸馏水快速洗柱,至流出的水颜色很浅,再用70%乙醇以3-4BV/h的流速洗柱,接收流出来的红紫色液体。将流出液,利用冷冻干燥机,于-50℃减压浓缩冷冻干燥,制得干粉3.3g,冷藏保存备用,作为HSCCC的进样原料。
对进样原料除去大量的蛋白质、多糖等物质对提高后续花色苷的分离效果有极大帮助。本发明采用AB-8大孔吸附树脂对刺葡萄汁中的化学成分进行富集,蛋白质、多糖等成分与大孔吸附树脂没有亲和力的物质不会被树脂吸附,上样时会直接流出;而花色苷、多酚等成分会被树脂吸附,并经乙醇的洗脱,与杂质分离,各组分经冷冻干燥处理后含量均有大幅度提升。
(3)高速逆流色谱8.52 min多酚分离体系的筛选
针对8.52 min目标化合物,本发明采用了乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水体系进行分离,同时加入少量的乙酸可以作为拖尾抑制剂改善色谱分离效果。各溶剂按照比例配制后,震摇后静置自然分层。取3 ml下相溶液,加入少量冷冻干燥干粉,利用超声进行溶解后再取样,加入等体积的上相溶液萃取。
通过HPLC分别测定萃取前后样品中的目标组分在下相溶液中的萃取面积,分别记为S萃前和S萃后,按如下计算各成分的分配系数K值。K=(S萃前-S萃后)/S萃前。本发明试验的K值见表1。由表可知,三个体系的K值都较为合适,但实践操作时发现,体系2的K值最小,目标化合物与前面的杂质峰未能分开。体系3的K值太大,出峰时间太长,因此选择体系1,即乙酸乙酯:甲醇:0.2%冰乙酸水(v/v,3.5:1:5)作为8.52 min多酚化合物的分离体系。
表1 HSCCC分离体系筛选
编号 | 乙酸乙酯:甲醇:0.2%冰乙酸水(V/V) | K值 |
① | 3.5:1:5 | 2.15 |
② | 3.5:1:4 | 0.96 |
③ | 4:1:5 | 3.35 |
(4)刺葡萄目标化合物高速逆流色谱分离
按步骤(3)中所确定的溶剂体系1,即乙酸乙酯:甲醇:0.2%冰乙酸水(v/v,3.5:1:5)配制1L,静置过夜后两相分离,经30min超声脱气。上相作固定相,下相作流动相。取步骤2中制备的干粉200mg和250mg用20mL下相(流动相)进行溶解。将固定相以20mL/min的流速泵满管路,再以850rpm/min正转,流速2 mL/min的条件泵入流动相;温度设置为25℃,检测波长280nm。有流动相流出时体系平衡。平衡后,停泵,用注射器进进样20mL,开泵,同时检测器开始记录。
上样量为200mg的HSCCC图谱见图3,按上述HSCCC参数,测得固定相的保留率可达45%,根据HSCCC图谱收集目标化合物195-200min流出液(后续HPLC验证该峰为目标化合物)。收集的流出液,回收溶剂,冷冻干燥得干燥11.5mg。
(5)刺葡萄多酚纯度测定
取一定量步骤4制得的干粉用甲醇溶解后,采用HPLC进行检测,色谱图显示出峰时间为8.52 min(图4)。根据280nm处的色谱图按面积归一法计算得到化合物的纯度为98%,计算得出从刺葡萄浊汁中制备该多酚物质产率为61.99mg/L。
(6)刺葡萄目标化合物的结构鉴定
本发明采用HPLC-MS、1H NMR 和13C NMR 对目标化合物进行结构鉴定。质谱采用电喷雾电离源(ESI),采用正离子模式,由湖南农业大学分析测试中心完成;采用核磁共振测定的花色苷用重水溶解,频率为500MHz,由湖南大学化工院分析测试中心完成。结构鉴定结果显示:
化合物为无色粉末,在280nm处有特征吸收,该化合物为多酚类化合物;LC-MS(ESI,positive)离子峰m/z为311.0358。核磁共振分析结果为:1H-NMR (500 MHz,D2O) δ:6.972(1H,s,H-2′),6.919(1H,d,J = 3.5 Hz,H-5′),6.768 (1H,d,J = 6.0 Hz,H-6′),7.50(1H,d,J = 15.5 Hz,H-7′),6.223 (1H,d,J = 7.0 Hz,H-8′),5.542 (1H,s,H-2),4.850(1H,s,H-3);13C-NMR (150 MHz,D2O) δ:126.69 (C-1′),115.16(C-2′),144.13 (C-3′),147.24 (C-4′),116.07 (C-5′),122.96 (C-6′),147.61 (C-7′),112.81 (C-8′),168.01(C-9′),173.58 (C-1),70.14 (C-2),73.77 (C-3),170.96 (C-4)。化学式为C13H12O9,结构推断该化合物为咖啡酰酒石酸,结构见图5。
Claims (8)
1.一种利用高速逆流色谱分离制备刺葡萄汁中咖啡酰酒石酸标准品的方法,其中该方法分离制备的标准品为咖啡酰酒石酸,所述方法步骤包括:
采用AB-8大孔吸附树脂对处理后的刺葡萄浊汁进行富集,经乙醇的洗脱,冷冻干燥处理,获得粗样,粗样经溶剂体系乙酸乙酯:甲醇:0.2%冰乙酸水进行高速逆流分离,收集195-200min的流出液。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述刺葡萄浊汁,指的是由胶体磨碾磨刺葡萄整个果实,获得的刺葡萄浊汁;该浊汁经120℃高温灭菌10min后,4℃放置25-35天,优选30天。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂体系乙酸乙酯:甲醇:0.2%冰乙酸水的比例为2-5:0.5-1.5:4-6,优选为3-4:1:5,更优选为3:1:5或4:1:5。
4. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,高速逆流色谱进样原料的制备方法如下:取刺葡萄汁离心取上清液,调至pH 2-3,通过装有AB-8大孔吸附树脂的层析柱,然后用蒸馏水快速洗柱,至流出的水颜色很浅,再用乙醇洗柱,接收流出来的红紫色液体,减压浓缩冷冻干燥,制得干粉即粗样,冷藏保存备用。
5. 如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,高速逆流色谱进样原料的制备方法如下:刺葡萄汁5000r/min转速离心10分钟,取上清液用盐酸调节pH 2-3,以2-2BV/h的流速通过装有60cm×3cm AB-8大孔吸附树脂的层析柱,待树脂吸附完成后,关闭阀门静置半个小时;然后用蒸馏水快速洗柱,至流出的水颜色很浅,再用70%乙醇以3-4BV/h的流速洗柱,接收流出来的红紫色液体,于-50℃减压浓缩冷冻干燥,即得粗样,冷藏保存备用。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述高速逆流分离步骤具体为:将各溶剂按照比例配制后,震摇后静置自然分层,上相作固定相,下相作流动相;将粗样用流动相进行溶解;固定相泵满管路,再泵入流动相;等到有流动相流出时体系平衡,平衡后,停泵,然后进样,开泵,根据图谱收集195-200min的流出液。
7. 如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,其中固定相泵满管路,再泵入流动相具体为:固定相以20mL/min的流速泵满管路,再以850rpm/min正转,流速2 mL/min的条件泵入流动相;温度设置为25℃,检测波长280nm。
8. 如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述高速逆流分离的上样量150-250 mg,优选为200mg。
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