CN109012755B - 一种半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及人造草坪领域，特别是指一种半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法。草坪包括草坪底布和人造草，人造草通过编圈结构的针织和W型固结结构的机织固定在草坪底布；草坪底布为采用低密度聚乙烯单丝和中空低密度聚乙烯单丝制备的格栅结构；人造草由石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃粉和聚乙烯聚丙烯混合接枝马来酸酐制成。本发明无需爆气增氧，节能环保，工艺简单。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及人造草坪领域，特别是指一种半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法。
背景技术
现代化工业的发展导致资源和能源的极大消耗，伴随而来的是自然环境的严重恶化。为了应对工业污染带来的环境危机，寻求廉价高效的环境污染治理技术成为科技工作者的关注焦点。要求环境与经济协调发展，就需要我们研究新型材料，尤其是印染、炼油和制药等工业生产，产生的污水对人们生活造成了很大影响。为了解决水污染，光催化技术已经广泛的引起了人们的注意，因为光催化技术在可见光的条件下具有高效性和环境友好性的优点。
光催化氧化技术是由日本科学家Fujishima和Honda发现的n型TiO2半导体的光解水现象发展而来的一种高级氧化技术，可以利用自然界广泛存在的太阳能降解有机污染物。随后半导体光催化迅速发展。TiO2是一种重要的光催化剂，具有好的化学稳定性和光化学稳定性。然而，TiO2只能利用波长较短的紫外光（λ<387nm）,而且太阳光中的紫外光只占大约5%，从而极大地限制了TiO2 光催化技术向实际应用的转化。为了更好地利用可见光，近年来光催化领域的研究集中在高可见光响应和活性的光催化材料的研发。为了提高宽禁带光催化剂的可见光催化性能，研究者们研究了各种改性方法，主要包括：掺杂金属离子或者非金属离子（目前仍无法实现全谱强吸收），与禁带宽度相匹配的半导体复合，光敏化处理，异质结等。虽然掺杂改性可以提高 TiO2 在可见光下的光催化性能，但是其本身的禁带宽度较宽（3.2e V），对可见光的利用率仍不高。另外一种方法就是开发出新型的光催化剂此外，其中钨酸盐材料表现比较好。钨酸铋作为 Aurivillius 家族中最简单的一种成为了研究的热点。
Bi2WO6 是一种典型的n型半导体,其禁带宽度为 2.75e V，它是由Bi2O2 2+层和WO4 2-层沿着c轴交替组成的钙钛矿片层结构，在电极材料、太阳能转化、催化剂等中有广泛的应用。已经有文献报道：Kudo和Hiji发现Bi2WO6光催化剂对O2的发展具有光催化作用和Zou等发现在可见光下能够降解有机化合物，作为一种新型的半导体材料，Bi2WO6光催化材料的研究将为光催化去除和降解有机污染物开辟一条新的途径，在环境净化和新能源开发方面具有非常重要的实用价值。由于Bi2WO6本身具有特殊的层状结构，窄的禁带宽度，能充分的利用太阳光，所以研究Bi2WO6光催化材料，提高其对太阳光的利用，对治理环境污染和开发新能源方面具有重要的意义。
众所周知，有效的光催化过程需要具备以下几个条件：光生电子和空穴的高迁移率；直接的可见光催化效果；合适的能带宽度；对有机污染物的高吸附能力。一般认为，光催化反应发生的前提条件是受体电势比半导体导带电势低，供体电势比半导体价带电势高，这样才能获得有效的光生电荷载流子的迁移。
发明内容
本发明提出一种半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法，解决了现有技术中利用光催化材料治理环境污染的问题。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法，草坪包括草坪底布和人造草，人造草通过编圈结构的针织和W型固结结构的机织固定在草坪底布；草坪底布为采用低密度聚乙烯单丝和中空低密度聚乙烯单丝通过织造（机织、编织、钩编等）方法制备的格栅结构；人造草由石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃粉和聚乙烯聚丙烯混合接枝马来酸酐纺丝法制成。
所述的半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法，所述低密度聚乙烯单丝的密度为0.9 g/cm3、中空低密度聚乙烯单丝的密度为0.4 g/cm3；低密度聚乙烯单丝与中空低密度聚乙烯单丝的质量比为4：（1-4）；单丝直径为200-500μm。
所述的半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法，所述格栅结构的尺寸为边长为1-5cm的正方形间距。
所述的半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法，所述人造草的制备方法为 编圈结构的针织和W型固结结构的机织固定在草坪底布；草坪底布为采用低密度聚乙烯单丝和中空低密度聚乙烯单丝通过织造（机织、编织、钩编等）方法制备的格栅结构；人造草由石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃粉和聚乙烯聚丙烯混合接枝马来酸酐纺丝法制成。
所述的半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法，所述人造草中石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃粉的质量百分数为40-85%、聚乙烯聚丙烯混合接枝马来酸酐的质量百分数为15-60%。
所述的半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法，所述石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃粉通过超微粉碎机、气流粉碎机或球磨机制得，石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃颗粒度为0.5-2μm。
所述的半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法，所述聚乙烯聚丙烯混合接枝马来酸酐的制备方法为：将低密度聚乙烯和聚丙烯按比例混合后，通过接枝反应得到聚乙烯聚丙烯混合接枝马来酸酐，接枝率为3-10%，聚乙烯聚丙烯混合接枝马来酸酐的数均分子量为6000-24000。
所述的半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法，所述其中低密度聚乙烯和聚丙烯的质量比为（1-4）：4。
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明将石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃的人造草坪置于河涌水面，人造草随波摆动对河涌黑臭水体进行整治，本发明无需爆气增氧，节能环保，工艺简单。
附图说明
图1为本发明人造草坪的制备工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
通过气流粉碎法制备石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃粉到1微米大小。石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃微粉65%；聚乙烯聚丙烯混合接枝马来酸酐35%；聚乙烯聚丙烯混合混合比例20/80; 人造草长度15厘米，草坪尺寸60厘米宽，10米长。具体织造用机织或针织三维夹心织机织造并剖切而成。所述的一种能半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌用人造草和草坪，其中，所述聚乙烯聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐为低密度聚乙烯和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐；优选的，接枝率为5%。聚乙烯聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐的数均分子量为23000。所述的一种能半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌用人造草和草坪，其草坪底布结构为格栅结构，格栅尺寸为5*5厘米的间距制备。所述的草坪底布，其间隔使用低密度聚乙烯单丝（比重0.9克/立方厘米），和中空低密度聚乙烯单丝（比重0.4克/立方厘米）调整草坪浮力。中空低密度聚乙烯单丝（比重0.4克/立方厘米）使用比例为50%之间调整；单丝直径优选300微米。所述的草坪底布，其固定人造草的方法为针织为编圈结构。将石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃人造草坪置于河涌水面，人造草随波摆动对河涌黑臭水体进行整治。
实施例2
一种半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
通过超微粉碎机制备石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃粉到0.8微米大小。石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃微粉70%；聚乙烯聚丙烯混合接枝马来酸酐30%；聚乙烯聚丙烯混合混合比例30/70；人造草长度10厘米，草坪尺寸90厘米宽，20米长。具体织造用机织或针织三维夹心织机织造并剖切而成。所述的一种能半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌用人造草和草坪，其中，所述聚乙烯聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐为低密度聚乙烯和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐制备而成；优选的，接枝率为6%。聚乙烯聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐的数均分子量为20000。所述的一种能半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌用人造草和草坪，其草坪底布结构为格栅结构，格栅尺寸为4*4厘米的间距制备。所述的草坪底布，其间隔使用低密度聚乙烯单丝（比重0.9克/立方厘米），和中空低密度聚乙烯单丝（比重0.4克/立方厘米）调整草坪浮力。中空低密度聚乙烯单丝（比重0.4克/立方厘米）使用比例为55%之间调整；单丝直径200-500微米。优选400微米.所述的草坪底布，其固定人造草的方法为针织为编圈结构。
所述的人工草坪经纱经前、后织造系统为机织或针织设备加工栅格底布，同步人造草导入针控制模块喂入人造草，人造草喂给系统使人造草通过编圈结构的针织和W型固结结构的机织固定在草坪栅格底上；人造草分布切断模块分切三维织物形成人造草坪。将石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃人造草坪置于河涌水面，人造草随波摆动对河涌黑臭水体进行整治。
实施例3
通过球磨法制备石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃粉到0.8微米大小。石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃微粉70%；聚乙烯聚丙烯混合接枝马来酸酐30%；聚乙烯聚丙烯混合混合比例30/70；人造草长度10厘米，草坪尺寸90厘米宽，20米长。具体织造用机织或针织三维夹心织机织造并剖切而成。所述的一种能半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌用人造草和草坪，其中，所述聚乙烯聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐为低密度聚乙烯和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐制备而成；优选的，接枝率为6%。聚乙烯聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐的数均分子量为20000。所述的一种能半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌用人造草和草坪，其草坪底布结构为格栅结构，格栅尺寸为4*4厘米的间距制备。所述的草坪底布，其间隔使用低密度聚乙烯单丝（比重0.9克/立方厘米），和中空低密度聚乙烯单丝（比重0.4克/立方厘米）调整草坪浮力。中空低密度聚乙烯单丝（比重0.4克/立方厘米）使用比例为55%之间调整；单丝直径200-500微米.优选400微米。所述的草坪底布，其固定人造草的方法为针织为编圈结构。
所述的人工草坪经纱经前、后织造系统为机织或针织设备加工栅格底布，同步人造草导入针控制模块喂入人造草，人造草喂给系统使人造草通过编圈结构的针织和W型固结结构的机织固定在草坪栅格底上；人造草分布切断模块分切三维织物形成人造草坪。将石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃人造草坪置于河涌水面，人造草随波摆动对河涌黑臭水体进行整治。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法，其特征在于：草坪包括草坪底布和人造草，人造草通过编圈结构的针织和W型固结结构的机织固定在草坪底布；草坪底布为格栅结构；人造草由石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃粉和聚乙烯聚丙烯混合接枝马来酸酐通过纺丝法制成；
所述草坪的制备方法为，先将编圈结构的针织和W型固结结构的机织固定在草坪底布，草坪底布为采用低密度聚乙烯单丝和中空低密度聚乙烯单丝通过机织、编织或钩编机织造的格栅结构；
所述低密度聚乙烯单丝的密度为0.9 g/cm3、中空低密度聚乙烯单丝的密度为0.4 g/cm3；其中低密度聚乙烯单丝与中空低密度聚乙烯单丝的质量比为4：（1-4）；低密度聚乙烯单丝和中空低密度聚乙烯单丝的直径均为200-500μm；
所述聚乙烯聚丙烯混合接枝马来酸酐的制备方法为：将低密度聚乙烯和聚丙烯按比例混合后，通过接枝反应得到聚乙烯聚丙烯混合接枝马来酸酐，接枝率为3-10%，聚乙烯聚丙烯混合接枝马来酸酐的数均分子量为6000-24000。
2.如权利要求1所述的半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法，其特征在于：所述格栅结构的尺寸为边长为1-5cm的正方形间距。
3.如权利要求1所述的半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法，其特征在于：所述人造草中石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃粉的质量百分数为40-85%、聚乙烯聚丙烯混合接枝马来酸酐的质量百分数为15-60%。
4.如权利要求1所述的半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法，其特征在于：所述石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃粉通过超微粉碎机、气流粉碎机或球磨机制得，石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6微晶玻璃颗粒度为0.5-2μm。
5.如权利要求4所述的半潜悬浮在水中治理黑臭河涌的草坪的制备方法，其特征在于：所述低密度聚乙烯和聚丙烯的质量比为（1-4）：4。
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