CN109012588A - 一种以褐煤为原料制备污水处理剂的方法 - Google Patents
一种以褐煤为原料制备污水处理剂的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种褐煤利用方法领域,具体涉及一种以褐煤为原料制备多功能污水处理剂的方法领域。具体步骤为将褐煤干燥,粉碎,酸洗,碱提;碱提液加入氯化铁絮凝,分离后的絮凝物冻干,煅烧后获得污水处理材料。碱提后无需将整个溶液调至酸性,可以循环使用。生成污水处理材料具有高比表面积、吸附、可见光降解和磁性回收的性能。提高生产工艺的“兼容性”,实现碱提取不受到原料成分的限制。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种褐煤利用方法领域,具体涉及一种以褐煤为原料制备多功能污水处理剂的方法领域。
背景技术
褐煤是煤化程度最低的矿产煤,不易储存和远运,燃烧时对空气污染严重。然而褐煤中却含有大量的腐植酸和富里酸;部分褐煤中腐植酸含量占其有机质的80%以上。近年来,腐植酸因其独特的理化性质,被广泛应用于多个行业,因此以褐煤为原料,提取腐植酸已经成为相关领域研究的热点。
目前研究中从褐煤中提取的腐植酸方法主要是“碱提酸析”,在碱性条件下提取褐煤中的腐植酸,然后调整至强酸性,腐植酸析出。这种方法存在的突出问题主要集中在以下三个方面:
第一、“碱提酸析”酸碱用量大,环境污染严重。
褐煤提取时的碱液的pH值通常大于10,而析出过程则需要较强的酸性条件;由强碱环境转入强酸环境,要消耗大量酸,而且这些酸碱通常很难循环使用。
第二、腐植酸在污水处理领域功能单一,处理速率慢,处理能力小。
目前腐植酸在污水处理方面主要是作为吸附材料使用,利用表面所含有的官能团与污染物相互作用完成对污染物的吸附。然而酸析后的腐植酸比表面积小,仅仅利用表面官能团发生的化学作用,处理效率低,处理量少。
第三、难以有效解决回收问题,容易造成二次污染。
发明内容
基于上述技术问题,本发明提出如下发明构思:
1、减少酸碱使用量,碱提后无需将整个溶液调至酸性,向提取的腐植酸溶液中加入聚铁,进行絮凝,腐植酸与铁元素共同组成絮凝物与碱液分离,碱液可以循环使用。
2、对于生成的絮凝物冻干后,进行氮气保护条件下的煅烧,生成具有磁性的高比表面的碳材料。
3、制备具有吸附、光催化和可磁性回收的污水处理材料。
以上发明构思是通过以下具体的技术方案实现的。一种以褐煤为原料制备污水处理剂的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将褐煤干燥,粉碎,选取粒径小于2mm的褐煤颗粒30g,按照液固质量比为10:1-2:1的比例加入pH值为2-5的盐酸搅拌1-5h,过滤后水洗至中性,获得固体A;
步骤2:将固体A加入1L pH值为12的氢氧化钠溶液中,添加过程中,通过补加2mol/L氢氧化钠的方式,保持溶液的pH值为11-12,搅拌1-10h,过滤,获得溶液B;称取2-5 g FeCl3·6H2O溶解于10mL水中, 获得溶液C;将溶液C加入溶液B中,搅拌5-30min,静止1-10h,使溶液分层,去除上层清液后,离心,得到絮状物D,絮状物D冷冻干燥后获得前驱体E;
步骤3:前驱体E在氮气保护下,400-900℃煅烧2-4h,冷却至室温后获得污水处理材料F。
50 mg污水处理材料F,2小时可以在可见光条件下,对于50 mL 20 mg/L甲基橙的去除率为80%以上,且材料可以可磁性回收。
技术说明1:步骤1是对于褐煤进行清洗,其作用:1可以保证提取的腐植酸的纯度;2可以保证碱液的清洁,分离后的碱液可以循环使用,因为采用絮凝方式获得腐植酸,絮凝过程具有溶液净化的作用,因此保持碱液的清洁是非常重要的;3酸提取后会形成相应的孔洞,有利于碱液的提取。
技术说明2:步骤2碱提,在现有技术中使用碱液的数量是难以确定的,因为对于天然产物褐煤中的腐植酸的含量难以准确确定。提取碱液少提取不充分,反之碱液剩余又会消耗更多的酸液进行中和。因为本项发明中碱液可以循环使用,因此碱液过量,既可以保证提取充分,又不会造成大量的酸碱消耗。
技术说明3:步骤2 pH值高于12,会导致硅铝等物质析出,本项提取过程采用在线pH值调节方式进行提取,可以有效避免强碱对于腐殖酸生物活性的破坏。在整个提取过程中,pH值11-12,既可以抑制硅铝的溶出;又可以避免加入絮凝过程中铁的流失,剩余的铁会以氢氧化物的形式与絮凝物一同析出,经过煅烧后增强污水处理材料F的光催化性能和磁性。
技术说明4:步骤2加入目前腐殖酸碱提酸析提取最主要的问题是碱酸转换消耗大量的酸液,同时在母液中存在大量的氯离子,难以进行有效处理。在本发明通过大量实验证明在碱性溶液(pH值为11-12)时,加入适量的氯化铁,可以通过絮凝方式实现腐殖酸从碱液中絮凝出来,与碱液分离,不必调整溶液为酸性,节省了大量酸液。
技术说明5:步骤3前驱体E在氮气保护下,400-900℃煅烧2-4h,生成的磁性物质,使得污水处理材料F具有可磁性回收性能。
技术说明6:步骤2 絮凝+冻干方式制备的水处理材料具有超大的比表面积,这对于吸附和催化都是非常重要的。
有益效果:
1、碱提后无需将整个溶液调至酸性,提取的腐植酸溶液中加入氯化铁,进行絮凝,腐植酸与铁元素共同组成絮凝物与碱液分离,碱液可以循环使用。
2、加入氯化铁絮凝腐植酸即可以实现腐植酸和碱液的分离,又是对于碱液的净化过程。因此铁元素的相应存在形式是絮凝剂、分离剂、光催化剂、磁性回收剂。
3、生成污水处理材料F,具有高比表面积、吸附、可见光降解和磁性回收的性能。
4、提高生产工艺的“兼容性”,实现碱提取不受到原料成分的限制。
说明书附图
图1实施例1中不同温度下煅烧的絮凝物的XRD图,图中HA为腐植酸;HA400、HA600、HA800和HA900分别为在400、600、800和900℃煅烧。
图2实施例1中不同温度下煅烧的絮凝物的红外谱图,图中HA400、HA600、HA800和HA900分别为在400、600、800和900℃煅烧。
图3实施例1中不同温度下煅烧的絮凝物的紫外可见光吸收谱图,图中HA400、HA600、HA800和HA900分别为在400、600、800和900℃煅烧。
具体实施方式:
实施例1
一种以褐煤为原料制备污水处理剂的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将褐煤干燥,粉碎,选取粒径小于2mm的褐煤颗粒30g,按照液固质量比为10:1-2:1的比例加入pH值为2-5的盐酸搅拌1-5h,过滤后水洗至中性,获得固体A;
步骤2:将固体A加入1L pH值为12的氢氧化钠溶液中,添加过程中,通过补加2mol/L氢氧化钠的方式,保持溶液的pH值为11-12,搅拌1-10h,过滤,获得溶液B;称取2-5 g FeCl3·6H2O溶解于10mL水中, 获得溶液C;将溶液C加入溶液B中,搅拌5-30min,静止1-10h,使溶液分层,去除上层清液后,离心,得到絮状物D,絮状物D冷冻干燥后获得前驱体E;
步骤3:前驱体E在氮气保护下,400-900℃煅烧2-4h,冷却至室温后获得污水处理材料F。
实施例2
一种以褐煤为原料制备污水处理剂的方法,本实施例与实施例1基本相同,不同之处在于:步骤1 中,10:1-2:1的比例加入pH值为2-5的盐酸搅拌1-5h,优选为,10:1的比例加入pH值为2的盐酸搅拌5h。
技术说明:本实施例可以提高铝等金属离子和富里酸的提取效率。对于这些提取物可以进一步利用,提取后的褐煤孔洞丰富有利于进一步提取腐植酸。
实施例3
一种以褐煤为原料制备污水处理剂的方法,本实施例与实施例1基本相同,不同之处在于:步骤2 中,称取2-5 g FeCl3·6H2O溶解于10mL水中,优选为称取3g FeCl3·6H2O溶解于10mL水中。
技术说明:实验研究表明本实施例中铁的添加量,可以满足腐植酸含量为5-20%褐煤的絮凝要求。即使部分批次中腐植酸含量过高,也会留在碱液中,后续絮凝出来。
实施例4
一种以褐煤为原料制备污水处理剂的方法,本实施例与实施例1基本相同,不同之处在于:步骤2 中,称取2-5 g FeCl3·6H2O溶解于10mL水中,优选为称取5g FeCl3·6H2O溶解于10mL水中。
技术说明:实验研究表明本实施例中铁的添加量,可以满足腐植酸的絮凝要求。同时生成的污水处理材料F的可见光催化性能得到明显提升,饱和磁化强度大于20 emu/g。
实施例5
一种以褐煤为原料制备多功能污水处理剂的方法,本实施例与实施例1基本相同,不同之处在于:步骤3 中,前驱体E在氮气保护下,400-900℃煅烧2-4h,优选为前驱体E在氮气保护下,400℃煅烧2h。
技术说明:400℃煅烧2h,获得纯度较高的α-Fe2O3,可见光催化性能最佳。
实施例6
一种以褐煤为原料制备多功能污水处理剂的方法,本实施例与实施例1基本相同,不同之处在于:步骤1 中,10:1-2:1的比例加入pH为2-5的盐酸搅拌1-5h,优选为,10:1的比例加入pH为2的盐酸搅拌5h;
步骤2 中,称取2-5 g FeCl3·6H2O溶解于10mL水中,优选为称取5g FeCl3·6H2O溶解于10mL水中;
步骤3 中,前驱体E在氮气保护下,400-900℃煅烧2-4h,优选为前驱体E在氮气保护下,400℃煅烧2-4h。
技术说明:50 mg污水处理材料F,2小时可以在可见光条件下,对于50 mL 20 mg/L甲基橙的去除率为92%以上,饱和磁化强度大于34 emu/g。可磁性回收。
Claims (6)
1.一种以褐煤为原料制备污水处理剂的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将褐煤干燥,粉碎,选取粒径小于2mm的褐煤颗粒30g,按照液固质量比为10:1-2:1的比例加入pH值为2-5的盐酸搅拌1-5h,过滤后水洗至中性,获得固体A;
步骤2:将固体A加入1L pH值为12的氢氧化钠溶液中,添加过程中,通过补加2mol/L氢氧化钠的方式,保持溶液的pH值为11-12,搅拌1-10h,过滤,获得溶液B;称取2-5 g FeCl3·6H2O溶解于10mL水中, 获得溶液C;将溶液C加入溶液B中,搅拌5-30min,静止1-10h,使溶液分层,去除上层清液后,离心,得到絮状物D,絮状物D冷冻干燥后获得前驱体E;
步骤3:前驱体E在氮气保护下,400-900℃煅烧2-4h,冷却至室温后获得污水处理材料F。
2.如权利要求1所述一种以褐煤为原料制备污水处理剂的方法,其特征在于步骤1 中10:1的比例加入pH值为2的盐酸搅拌5h。
3.如权利要求1所述一种以褐煤为原料制备污水处理剂的方法,其特征在于步骤2 中称取3g FeCl3·6H2O溶解于10mL水中。
4.如权利要求1所述一种以褐煤为原料制备污水处理剂的方法,其特征在于步骤2 中称取5g FeCl3·6H2O溶解于10mL水中。
5.如权利要求1所述一种以褐煤为原料制备污水处理剂的方法,其特征在于步骤3 中前驱体E在氮气保护下,400℃煅烧2h。
6.如权利要求1所述一种以褐煤为原料制备污水处理剂的方法,其特征在于步骤1 中10:1的比例加入pH为2的盐酸搅拌5h;步骤2 中称取5g FeCl3·6H2O溶解于10mL水中;步骤3中前驱体E在氮气保护下,400℃煅烧2-4h。
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