CN108998099B - Gasification method for household garbage with staggered grates - Google Patents
Gasification method for household garbage with staggered grates Download PDFInfo
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- CN108998099B CN108998099B CN201810949302.1A CN201810949302A CN108998099B CN 108998099 B CN108998099 B CN 108998099B CN 201810949302 A CN201810949302 A CN 201810949302A CN 108998099 B CN108998099 B CN 108998099B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
- C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
- C10J2300/0909—Drying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
Abstract
The invention discloses an organic solid waste gasification furnace with a fluidized bed coupled with staggered grates, which comprises an upper grate with a feed inlet, wherein a flue is fixed at the top of the upper grate, and the organic solid waste gasification furnace also comprises: the inlet of the furnace shaft is connected with the tail part of the upper grate; the front end of the lower grate is connected with the outlet of the furnace shaft; the inlet of the fluidized bed is connected with the tail part of the lower grate, and the bottom of the fluidized bed is ventilated to generate high-temperature flue gas which sequentially passes through the lower grate, the furnace shaft and the upper grate; the invention also discloses an organic solid waste gasification method by coupling the fluidized bed and the staggered fire grates; the invention adds a first section of furnace shaft and a fire grate on the basis of coupling the fire grate and the fluidized bed, the two sections of fire grates are arranged in a staggered way, the drying section and the gasification section are separated in space, the materials can be fed and distributed evenly in a subsection way, the process control is realized, meanwhile, the long and narrow bent hearth can effectively reduce the tar content in the gasified gas, and the problems of high tar content in the gas and inconvenient feeding in the prior art are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of domestic garbage gasification, in particular to an organic solid waste gasification furnace with coupled fluidized bed and staggered grates and a method.
Background
Compared with the traditional landfill and composting technology, the organic solid waste heat treatment technology has the advantages of reduction, high efficiency, small occupied area and the like, wherein the pyrolysis gasification incineration technology is the most potential low-pollution heat treatment technology at present, and compared with a direct incineration method, the pyrolysis gasification incineration can effectively inhibit the generation of dioxin precursors, so that the emission of dioxin is reduced, the yield of fly ash is also reduced, and heavy metals in the original fly ash are transferred to ash slag which is easier to control.
The pyrolysis gasifier at the present stage is roughly divided into a fixed bed (an updraft gasifier and a downdraft gasifier) and a fluidized bed. For example, patent document CN 105135434a discloses a gasification combustion apparatus for domestic garbage, comprising: an updraft gasifier: the device consists of a continuous feeding device, a gasification furnace body and a rotary ash removal device which are sequentially connected from top to bottom; homogeneous phase conversion reactor: the inlet is directly connected with a gas production outlet at the upper part of the updraft gasifier in a sealing way; a gasification gas production combustor: the inlet is directly connected with the product outlet of the homogeneous phase conversion reactor in a sealing way; the household garbage raw materials enter a gasification furnace body through a continuous feeding device, are converted into gasification gas through plasma gasification reaction, then enter a homogeneous phase conversion reactor to generate homogeneous phase conversion reaction, the homogeneous phase conversion product enters a gasification gas production combustor to be combusted in a grading manner, and ash residues generated in the plasma gasification reaction process are removed by a rotary ash removal device. However, the fixed bed reactor has high requirement on the moisture and the heat value of the organic solid waste, the tar content of the pyrolysis gasification product is high, the treatment procedure is complex, and the large-scale industrial application is difficult.
For another example, patent document CN 102913916B discloses a moving grate dry bed-circulating fluidized bed boiler combined incineration apparatus, which includes a moving grate dry bed and a circulating fluidized bed boiler, wherein the moving grate dry bed includes a feeding system located on the moving grate dry bed, the circulating fluidized bed boiler includes a slag outlet located at the bottom of the hearth of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and the moving grate dry bed and the circulating fluidized bed boiler are connected at the dense phase region of the moving grate dry bed. The device can be used for treating dregs with low heat value, high water content and poor air permeability, and can also be used for treating municipal domestic waste with similar characteristics.
The fluidized bed type gasification furnace has high requirements on the granularity and the density uniformity of materials, so that the complex pretreatment work is needed for treating solid wastes with complex components, such as domestic garbage, and the fluidized bed type gasification furnace is mainly applied to pyrolysis gasification of derived fuels at the present stage.
In addition, most of the existing reactors have the problems of incomplete combustion, high carbon content of bottom slag and high tar content of gasification products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an organic solid waste gasification furnace with a coupling of a fluidized bed and staggered grates, which aims at organic solid waste with high moisture, high ash content and low calorific value, and effectively solves the problems of high tar content and inconvenient feeding in fuel gas by uniformly feeding and distributing air in sections.
The organic solid waste gasification furnace with coupled fluidized bed and staggered fire grates comprises an upper fire grate with a feeding hole, wherein a flue is fixed at the top of the upper fire grate, and the organic solid waste gasification furnace further comprises:
the inlet of the furnace shaft is connected with the tail part of the upper grate;
the front end of the lower grate is connected with the outlet of the furnace shaft and is arranged in a staggered manner with the upper grate;
the inlet of the fluidized bed is connected with the tail part of the lower grate, and the bottom of the fluidized bed is ventilated to generate high-temperature flue gas which sequentially passes through the lower grate, the furnace shaft and the upper grate.
When the invention works, organic solid waste enters the upper grate through the feeding device and is dried on the upper grate; the dried organic solid waste passes through a long and thin furnace shaft, rolls over and falls onto a lower-level grate, and is pyrolyzed and gasified in the furnace shaft and on the lower-level grate; part of the organic solid waste which is not completely gasified falls into the fluidized bed to be combusted; ash is discharged through a slag discharge port of the fluidized bed, and the two-stage fire grate adopts segmented oxygen control, temperature control and air distribution to provide partial heat for drying, pyrolysis and gasification of organic solid waste with low heat value and high moisture; high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in the fluidized bed can sequentially flow through the lower-level grate, the long and thin furnace shaft and the upper-level grate, so that the pyrolysis gasification efficiency can be further improved; the inclined and short furnace arch and the long and thin furnace hearth increase the effective radiation surface of the furnace hearth, enhance the heat exchange between high-temperature flue gas and organic solid waste and effectively reduce the tar content in gasified gas.
According to the invention, the first section of grate and the furnace well are added on the basis of coupling of the grate and the combustion heat source, the upper and lower stages of grates are arranged in a staggered manner, the drying section and the gasification section are separated in space, the materials can be fed and distributed uniformly in a segmented manner, the process control is realized, meanwhile, the tar content in the gasified gas can be effectively reduced by the long and narrow bent hearth, the problems of high tar content and inconvenient feeding in the gas of the updraft type gasification furnace are solved, the gasification efficiency is greatly improved, and the gasification requirements of organic solid wastes with different heat values can be met.
According to the invention, the fluidized bed is arranged at the tail part, so that the complete burnout of the bottom slag is met, the carbon conversion efficiency is improved, high-temperature flue gas above 700 ℃ is generated, and heat is provided for the pyrolysis and gasification of the organic solid waste.
In order to completely burn off the bottom slag and improve the carbon conversion efficiency, the combustion form of the fluidized bed is adopted to treat the bottom slag which is not completely gasified.
For filtering and recovering large particles in the gasification gas, it is preferable to further include: and an inlet of the cyclone separator is connected with an outlet of the flue, and the bottom of the cyclone separator is connected with the fluidized bed through a material returning device. The concentration of fly ash particles in gasified gas can be effectively reduced, the gasified gas enters the post-treatment system after passing through the high-efficiency cyclone separator, large particles in the gasified gas are separated out and returned to the fluidized bed, unburnt large particles in a gasification product are returned to the fluidized bed through the cyclone separator and the material return device for continuous combustion, and the problem of high carbon content of bottom slag is solved.
In order to further improve the gasification effect, preferably, the vertical distance between the upper-level fire grate and the corresponding furnace arch is 700-1000 mm. The inclined low furnace arch increases the effective radiation surface of the hearth and enhances the heat exchange between the high-temperature flue gas and the household garbage.
In order to further improve the gasification effect, preferably, the vertical distance between the lower-stage fire grate and the corresponding furnace arch is 700-1000 mm.
In order to further improve the gasification effect, the furnace shaft is preferably vertically arranged and has a height of 800-1200 mm. The vertical wearing and tearing that arrange of well can reduce the interior high temperature resistant material of stove, and length is in the easily organic useless accumulation of solid of 600 ~ 800mm, increases the area of contact of high temperature flue gas and solid useless, and height 1000mm is about so that the grate of subordinate transports the solid useless backward of well to prevent that solid useless piles up too much in the well and blocks up.
For convenience of manufacture and installation, it is preferable that the width of the shaft, the upper grate and the lower grate is the same.
The invention also provides a novel gasification method of household garbage with staggered grates, which uses the organic solid waste gasification furnace with the coupled fluidized bed and staggered grates, and comprises the following steps:
(1) organic solid waste enters an upper-level grate through a feeding device, slowly moves from the front end to the rear end on the upper-level grate, and simultaneously primary air is introduced from the bottom of the upper-level grate, gradually dries under the influence of high-temperature flue gas and furnace arch radiant heat, and enters a furnace shaft;
(2) the dried organic solid waste is loosely accumulated in the furnace shaft, and the organic solid waste at the bottom of the furnace shaft moves from the front end to the rear end along with the operation of the lower grate;
(3) organic solid waste is pyrolyzed and gasified in a lower-stage grate and a furnace shaft to generate a gasification product, and primary air is introduced into the lower part of the lower-stage grate;
(4) part of the organic solid waste which is not completely pyrolyzed and gasified falls into the fluidized bed, and is combusted in the fluidized bed to generate high-temperature flue gas which provides heat for drying, pyrolyzing and gasifying the organic solid waste of the upper-level grate, the furnace shaft and the lower-level grate;
(5) the ash after combustion is discharged from a slag discharge port at the bottom of the fluidized bed.
Preferably, in step (4), the smoke temperature at the outlet of the fluidized bed reaches at least 700 ℃. The factors of heat exchange and ventilation are comprehensively considered so as to achieve the condition of pyrolysis and gasification of the organic solid waste of 400-600 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of a drying section formed by the upper grate and the furnace arch is about 100 ℃, the temperature of a pyrolysis gasification section formed by the lower grate and the furnace arch is 400-600 ℃, the temperature of a furnace shaft is a transition section, and the temperature is 100-400 ℃. The upper and lower grate of the invention are staggered, the drying section and the gasification section are separated in space and are staggered, the gasification efficiency is greatly improved, and the gasification requirements of organic solid wastes with different heat values can be met. And the bubbling fluidized bed is arranged at the tail part, so that the complete burnout of the gasified low slag is met, the carbon conversion efficiency is improved, a separator is added at the upper gasified gas outlet, and the concentration of fly ash particles in the gasified gas can be effectively reduced
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the first section of furnace shaft and the furnace grate are added on the basis of coupling of the furnace grate and the combustion heat source, the two sections of furnace grates are arranged in a staggered manner, the drying section and the gasification section are separated in space, the materials can be fed and distributed uniformly in a segmented manner, the process control is realized, meanwhile, the tar content in the gasified gas can be effectively reduced by the long and narrow bent furnace chamber, the problems of high tar content in the gas and inconvenient feeding in the prior art are solved, the gasification efficiency is greatly improved, and the gasification requirements of organic solid wastes with different heat values can be met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an organic solid waste gasification furnace with coupled fluidized bed and staggered fire grate according to the present invention.
In the figure, a feeding device 1, an upper grate 2, a furnace shaft 3, a lower grate 4, a fluidized bed 5, a slag discharge port 6, a flue 7, a cyclone separator 8 and a material returning device 9.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the organic solid waste gasification furnace with coupled fluidized bed and staggered fire grate in this embodiment includes: an upper grate 2, a lower grate 4 and a fluidized bed 5. The feeding device 1 is fixed at the front end of a feeding hole of an upper grate 2, an inlet of a furnace shaft 3 is arranged at the tail end of the upper grate 2, an outlet of the furnace shaft is arranged at the upper part of the front end of a lower grate 4, a fluidized bed 5 is arranged at the tail part of the lower grate 5, a slag discharging hole 6 is arranged at the bottom of the fluidized bed 5, a cyclone separator 8 is connected with a flue 7, and the cyclone separator 8 is connected with the fluidized bed 5 through a material returning device 9.
The upper grate 2 and the lower grate 4 are consistent in width, the vertical distance from the corresponding furnace arch is 700-1000 mm, the width of the furnace shaft 3 is consistent with the widths of the upper grate 2 and the lower grate 4, the length is about 700mm, the height is about 1000mm, and the vertical arrangement is realized.
The vertical arrangement of the furnace shaft 3 can reduce the abrasion of high-temperature resistant materials in the furnace, the length is about 700mm, the domestic garbage is easy to accumulate, the contact area of high-temperature flue gas and the garbage is increased, and the height is about 1000mm, so that the garbage in the furnace shaft can be conveniently transported backwards by the lower-level fire grate 4, and the situation that the organic solid waste is accumulated too much in the furnace shaft and is blocked is prevented; the fluidized bed 5 can be regarded as a heat source of the whole device, and the generated high-temperature flue gas can reach above 700 ℃, and flows through the lower-stage grate 4, the long and thin furnace shaft 3 and the upper-stage grate 2 in sequence.
In the embodiment, the two-stage grate drop hearth and the lower furnace arch (700-1000 mm) form a long and narrow bent hearth space, so that the retention time of hot flue gas in the hearth can be prolonged, the contact area with organic solid waste is increased, the heat exchange between the hot flue gas and the waste is enhanced, and the tar content in gasification products is reduced.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
(1) organic solid waste enters an upper grate 2 through a feeding device 1, slowly moves from the front end to the rear end on the grate 2, and simultaneously primary air is introduced from the bottom of the upper grate, gradually dries under the influence of high-temperature flue gas and furnace arch radiant heat, and enters a vertical furnace shaft 3;
(2) the furnace shaft 3 is slender, dry organic solid waste is loosely accumulated in the furnace shaft 3, and the household garbage at the bottom of the furnace shaft 3 moves from the front end to the rear end along with the operation of the lower grate 4;
(3) organic solid waste is pyrolyzed and gasified in the lower grate 4 and the furnace shaft 3 to generate gasification products, and primary air is introduced into the lower part of the lower grate 4;
(4) part of the organic solid waste which is not completely pyrolyzed and gasified falls into the fluidized bed 5, and is combusted in the fluidized bed 5 to generate high-temperature flue gas, so that heat is provided for drying, pyrolyzing and gasifying the organic solid waste in the previous process of the fluidized bed 5;
(5) the ash slag after combustion is discharged from a slag discharge port 6 at the bottom of the fluidized bed 5;
(6) high-temperature flue gas is generated in the fluidized bed 5, and the gasified product flows through the lower-stage grate 4, the furnace shaft 3, the upper-stage grate 2 and the flue 7 in sequence and enters the cyclone separator 8, so that the time of the gasified product in a high-temperature section is obviously increased, and the problem of high tar content of the gasified product is solved; it is composed of
(7) Large particles which are not completely burnt in the process are separated by the cyclone separator 8 and return to the fluidized bed 5 from the bottom through the material return device 9 for continuous combustion, so that the problem of high carbon content of bottom slag is solved;
(8) the separated high-temperature flue gas flows out from a pipeline at the top of the cyclone separator.
The organic solid waste gasification furnace with the coupled fluidized bed and staggered grates of the embodiment utilizes the arrangement form of the staggered two-stage grates, prolongs the retention time of domestic garbage in the furnace, and simultaneously can supply air sectionally and optimize the oxygen control environment; large-particle unburnt substances in the gasification product are returned to the fluidized bed for continuous combustion through the cyclone separator and the return material transposition, so that the problem of high carbon content of bottom slag is solved; simultaneously, the long and narrow bent hearth can effectively reduce the tar content in the gasified gas, solves the problems of high tar content in the gas and inconvenient feeding in the prior art, greatly improves the gasification efficiency, and can meet the gasification requirements of organic solid wastes with different heat values.
Claims (6)
1. A gasification method of household garbage with staggered grates is realized based on an organic solid waste gasification furnace with coupled fluidized beds and staggered grates, and is characterized in that the organic solid waste gasification furnace is composed of the following components:
the top of the upper grate is fixed with a flue;
the inlet of the furnace shaft is connected with the tail part of the upper grate;
the front end of the lower grate is connected with the outlet of the furnace shaft and is arranged in a staggered manner with the upper grate; the two-stage grate drop hearth and the furnace arch form a long and narrow bent hearth space;
the inlet of the fluidized bed is connected with the tail part of the lower grate, and the bottom of the fluidized bed is ventilated to generate high-temperature flue gas which sequentially passes through the lower grate, the furnace shaft and the upper grate;
an inlet of the cyclone separator is connected with an outlet of the flue, and the bottom of the cyclone separator is connected with the fluidized bed through a feed back device;
the gasification method of the household garbage with the staggered grate comprises the following steps:
(1) organic solid waste enters an upper-level grate through a feeding device, slowly moves from the front end to the rear end on the upper-level grate, and simultaneously primary air is introduced from the bottom of the upper-level grate, gradually dries under the influence of high-temperature flue gas and furnace arch radiant heat, and enters a furnace shaft;
(2) the dried organic solid waste is loosely accumulated in the furnace shaft, and the organic solid waste at the bottom of the furnace shaft moves from the front end to the rear end along with the operation of the lower grate;
(3) organic solid waste is pyrolyzed and gasified in a lower-stage grate and a furnace shaft to generate a gasification product, and primary air is introduced into the lower part of the lower-stage grate;
(4) part of the organic solid waste which is not completely pyrolyzed and gasified falls into the fluidized bed, and is combusted in the fluidized bed to generate high-temperature flue gas which provides heat for drying, pyrolyzing and gasifying the organic solid waste of the upper-level grate, the furnace shaft and the lower-level grate;
(5) discharging the ash slag after combustion from a slag discharge port at the bottom of the fluidized bed;
the temperature of a drying section formed by the upper grate and the furnace arch is 80-120 ℃, and the temperature of a pyrolysis gasification section formed by the lower grate and the furnace arch is 400-600 ℃;
the furnace shaft is a transition section, and the temperature is 100-400 ℃.
2. The gasification method of household garbage with staggered grates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vertical distance between the upper grate and the corresponding furnace arch is 700-1000 mm.
3. The gasification method of household garbage with staggered grates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vertical distance between the lower grate and the corresponding furnace arch is 700-1000 mm.
4. The gasification method for household garbage with staggered grates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the furnace shaft is vertically arranged and has a height of 800-1200 mm.
5. The method for gasifying household garbage with staggered grates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of the furnace shaft, the upper grate and the lower grate is the same.
6. The staggered grate domestic waste gasification process of claim 1 wherein in step (4) the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the fluidized bed reaches at least 700 ℃.
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| CN112432183B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-12-14 | 清华大学 | Waste incineration coupling boiler system |
| CN113698964B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-09-02 | 佛山市骏鹰环境能源装备有限公司 | Fluidized bed and biomass reaction furnace |
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| JP2007112873A (en) * | 2005-10-19 | 2007-05-10 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Method and system for gasification of gasification fuel |
| CN101845328B (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2013-08-28 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Biomass combined gasification equipment |
| CN102676236B (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2014-02-19 | 济南宝华新能源技术有限公司 | Method and device for three-stage separating biomass gasification |
| CN103468321A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2013-12-25 | 浙江大学 | Composite type solid-waste gasifying device |
| CN105627322B (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2017-10-13 | 重庆科技学院 | Stoker fired grate formula refuse gasification CIU and its processing method |
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