CN102676236B - Method and device for three-stage separating biomass gasification - Google Patents
Method and device for three-stage separating biomass gasification Download PDFInfo
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- CN102676236B CN102676236B CN201210164798.4A CN201210164798A CN102676236B CN 102676236 B CN102676236 B CN 102676236B CN 201210164798 A CN201210164798 A CN 201210164798A CN 102676236 B CN102676236 B CN 102676236B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for three-stage separating biomass gasification. The device mainly comprises a reacting furnace, a pyrolysis chamber which is a biomass pyrolytic reaction chamber is arranged on the upper portion of the reacting furnace, a gasification chamber and a combustion chamber are positioned in the reacting furnace, the gasification chamber is positioned inside the combustion chamber, the pyrolysis chamber and the gasification chamber are connected with a feeding pipe, a flue gas channel is arranged outside the pyrolysis chamber and the feeding pipe, a feeding device is arranged on the upper pyrolysis chamber, the lower gasification chamber is communicated with the combustion chamber, a high-temperature gas extraction outlet is arranged in the middle of the gasification chamber, flue gas rises up along the flue gas channel from the combustion chamber to the periphery of the pyrolysis chamber and then is exhausted via a flue gas outlet, and the exhausted high-temperature gas is separated and purified by a separator prior to entering an air pre-heater. Three processes of a biomass gasification generating system are completely separated, the length of a reduction area is increased, and time and temperature required by tar pyrolysis are guaranteed, so that content of tar in the gas is reduced, gas generation rate of the gasification furnace is increased, and quality of the biomass gas is improved. The device has the advantages of convenience for temperature control, energy saving, environmental protection, operating continuity and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biomass gasification technology, specifically a kind of three sections of separate type biomass gasification methods and device.
Background technology
Biomass are the various organism that form by photosynthesis, it derives from the photosynthesis of green plants directly or indirectly, can be converted into conventional solid-state, liquid state and gaseous fuel, it is widely distributed, amount usable is large, it is a kind of renewable energy source, and be also unique a kind of reproducible contain hydrocarbon component and heat energy, storable natural raw material, utilize biomass to carry out energy utilization and Chemical Manufacture, there is CO
2the feature of zero release.Along with the minimizing day by day of traditional fossil energy reserves, and due to the problem of environmental pollution that uses fossil energy to bring, pay attention to and develop common recognition renewable, that eco-friendly power source has become national governments.
The method that biomass is changed into clean air or liquid fuel is a lot, and wherein, biomass thermal chemical conversion technology is compared and can be adapted to all biomass kinds with other technology, and has the ability that large industrialized is produced, and is easy to mass-producing application.Biomass pyrogenation gasification is prepared biological fuel gas, and (main component is H
2with CO gas), and then synthetic liquid fuel (as methyl alcohol, ethanol, dme, alkene, diesel oil and petroleum naphtha etc.) is one of biomass energy recycling approach having most in thermochemistry transformation technology development prospect, be subject to the unprecedented attention of domestic industry Jie He academia, and dropped into the research and development that a large amount of man power and materials is correlated with, wherein by the technology of utilizing the biomass materials such as stalk, rice husk, firewood to prepare by high temperature thermochemical method the biological fuel gas that contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide, studied widely.It is its nucleus equipment that biomass pyrogenation gasification is prepared gasifying reactor in biological fuel gas technique.Exploitation efficient biomass pyrolysis gasifying device is produced the combustion gas of high-quality biological matter; and through follow-up synthesis reactor, be converted into the fuel such as liquefied hydrocarbon, alcohols and ethers; both can alleviate the dependence to international raw oil market; also can reduce the consumption of domestic traditional fossil energy, there is the social benefit of active protection environment simultaneously.
Gasifying reactor (vapourizing furnace) for gasifying biomass roughly can be divided into three kinds at present: fixed bed, air flow bed and fluidized-bed.Fixed-bed gasification furnace simple in structure, easy to operate, operator scheme is flexible, but in stove, non-uniform temperature heat transfer effect is poor, in outlet biological fuel gas, contains a large amount of tar.The operating temperature of air flow bed is higher, in stove, temperature is more even, tar cracking degree in air flow bed is higher, but entrained flow gasification is had relatively high expectations to solid material particle diameter, the raw material that enters air flow bed need to be worn into very tiny particle, and this has proposed another one technical barrier to the grinding of the biomass material that contains a large amount of fibers.And fluidized bed gasification reactor is because thermal capacity is high, adaptability to raw material is strong, can process high-moisture material, be suitable for continuous large-scale and produce, therefore enjoy attention.But it is very sensitive that fluidized-bed reactor also exists the physical property of raw material, operate waywardly, operating temperature is general also lower, and the coal-tar middle oil content of outlet biological fuel gas is also considerable, and CH in aerogenesis
4and CO
2content is higher, generally needs follow-up equipment to process the problems such as tar and reforming biomass combustion gas, makes gasification system and the device more complicated that becomes.
By staging treating biomass material, to improve the concentration of biological fuel gas in aerogenesis, reduce CH in aerogenesis
4and CO
2content and reduction tar content are one of methods solving each high-quality biological matter combustion gas requirement of fluidized-bed reactor system.First biomass solid prepares coke (semicoke) and the cracked gas of biomass high yield at 300～600 ℃ of this lower temperature in left and right by thermo-cracking, then the coke (semicoke) pyrolysis being produced is sent to and in fluidized bed gasification reactor, carries out high temperature (700～900 ℃) gasification reaction with water vapor and prepare the combustion gas of coarse biometric matter, and the tar of complete reaction and the coarse biometric matter combustion gas that makes are not passed through catalytic pyrolysis (reformation) bed again and further in the effect of catalyzer, issued the quality that green coke oil breaking and coarse biometric matter gas reformation react to improve biological fuel gas.
Biomass are converted into clean secondary energy by pyrolysis, gasification, catalytic pyrolysis, reformation segmentation reaction, can obtain dual effective effect, the one, can solve problem of environmental pollution, the 2nd, can reduce the dependence to oil coal resources, for building a resource-conserving society, play active effect with friendly environment society.
In view of this, for the problems referred to above, propose a kind of reasonable in design and effectively improve three sections of separate type biomass gasification methods and the device of above-mentioned disappearance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of three sections of separate type biomass gasification methods and device, overcome existing biomass-making for the defect of biological fuel gas technology.By the separation completely of three processes of gasifying biomass generation systems, lengthened the length of reduction zone, guarantee coke tar cracking required time and temperature, thereby reduced the coal-tar middle oil content of combustion gas, improved the quality of factor of created gase and the biological fuel gas of vapourizing furnace.The present invention has convenient temperature control, and energy-conserving and environment-protective move the advantages such as continuous.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of three sections of separate type biomass gasification methods, and its step is as follows:
Biomass are put into pyrolysis chamber from biomass material opening for feed, pyrolysis chamber's screw feeder is rotated and material tumble mixed is carried out to the 350-650 ℃ of low temperature pyrogenation at temperature simultaneously reacts by driven by motor, and the product of biomass low temperature pyrogenation is mainly biomass coke and cracked gas;
Separating under the effect of hot cell screw feeder, pyrolysis product is constantly descending, by tremie pipe, come hypomere vaporizer, vaporizer screw feeder is rotated pyrolysis product rolling is carried out occurring at 900-1100 ℃ of temperature high-temperature gasification cracking reduction reaction simultaneously by motor, the biological fuel gas that produces gasification, the required high temperature that gasifies is from combustion chamber;
Biological fuel gas pumps to inertial separator by air extractor and carries out gas solid separation, and the gas producing is purified, and then enters air preheater preheated air;
Air after preheating and additional biomass fuel together enter combustion chamber and carry out violent oxidizing fire with the carbon residue getting off from vaporizer end, offer the required high temperature of vaporizer;
High temperature burning fume goes upward to pyrolysis chamber, for pyrolysis provides heat, then from exhanst gas outlet, discharges; Lime-ash is discharged from lime-ash outlet, carries out other application after collection.
In order to reach another object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of three sections of separate type biomass gasification devices, comprise Reaktionsofen, described Reaktionsofen lower floor is combustion chamber, the upper position that is arranged in combustion chamber installs and is equipped with vaporizer, described vaporizer is by Link Port and combustion chamber UNICOM down, and vaporizer top arranges pyrolysis chamber, and described pyrolysis chamber and vaporizer are by tremie pipe UNICOM; Described pyrolysis chamber and indoor pyrolysis chamber's screw feeder and the vaporizer screw feeder of being respectively arranged with of gasification; On the reaction furnace wall at peripheral place, described pyrolysis chamber, exhanst gas outlet is set, described vaporizer middle part is provided with bleeding point.
Described pyrolysis chamber screw feeder connects driven rotary by an outside drive-motor, and described pyrolysis chamber offers biomass material opening for feed in top; Described vaporizer screw feeder connects driven rotary by No. two outside drive-motor.
The horizontal outer wall of described tremie pipe and vaporizer is 45-90 degree, and is up-thin-low-thick expander shape.
Described vaporizer screw feeder length will surpass bleeding point position, and the screw diameter of bleeding point position screw feeder is backward greater than the screw diameter of bleeding point position screw feeder forward.
Described tremie pipe forms gas flue around and between Reaktionsofen inwall, and this gas flue is coated with adiabator layer, and this flue first line of a couplet passes to exhanst gas outlet, under be connected to combustion chamber.
Described bleeding point is connected to again inertial separator.
Described inertial separator is connected to again the fuel gas inlet of air preheater.
On described air preheater, offer air intlet and gas outlet, described air preheater also exports by preheated air fuel and the combustion air entrance that is connected to combustion chamber.
Periphery, described combustion chamber also offers lime-ash outlet.
Compared to prior art, the present invention is in conjunction with pyrolysis characteristics, the gasification property of biomass coke (semicoke), the thermo-cracking of tar and the coarse biometric matter combustion gas characteristic of biomass, by the pyrolysis section in each biological fuel gas process of biomass pyrogenation gasification system, reduction section, oxidising process separately, make each step of reaction different chamber district in same device relatively separate and carry out continuously, simplified the experimental system of biomass-making for biological fuel gas.Biomass, through high-temperature water vapor gasification, the tar heat scission reaction of low temperature pyrogenation, coke (semicoke), significantly reduce tar content, produce the high-quality biological matter combustion gas that is applicable to productive life, reach clean and effective and utilize biomass energy.The present invention is simple, efficient, energy-conservation, economy and Project Realization strong, improved significantly gasification system gasification efficiency, reduced effective biological fuel gas oxygen-consumption, increased the calorific value of biological fuel gas, reduce the tar content of biological fuel gas, improved the energy transformation ratio and the stability that has guaranteed system of whole system.
Apparatus of the present invention have energy-conserving and environment-protective, and continuously, advantages of simple structure and simple, can utilize the biomass material pyrolysis such as stalk, rice husk, sawdust to produce the combustion gas of high-quality biological matter in operation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of three sections of separate type biomass gasification device structural representations of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the another kind of example structure schematic diagram of a kind of three sections of separate type biomass gasification devices of the present invention.
In figure: l, a drive-motor, 2, biomass material opening for feed, 3, exhanst gas outlet, 4, separate hot cell screw feeder, 5, tremie pipe, 6, air intlet, 7, air preheater, 8, fuel gas inlet, 9, gas outlet, the outlet of 1O, preheated air, 11, vaporizer screw feeder, 12, inertial separator, 13, middle bleeding point, 14, No. two drive-motor, 15, lime-ash outlet, 16, combustion chamber, 17, vaporizer, 18, vaporizer and burner Link Port, 19, fuel and combustion air entrance.
Embodiment
Relevant detailed description of the present invention and technology contents, coordinate accompanying drawing to be described as follows, yet accompanying drawing only provides the use of reference with explanation, is not used for the present invention to be limited.
Shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of three sections of separate type biomass gasification devices, comprise Reaktionsofen, described Reaktionsofen lower floor is combustion chamber, the upper position that is arranged in combustion chamber installs and is equipped with vaporizer 17, and described vaporizer, by vaporizer and burner Link Port 18Yu combustion chamber UNICOM down, can enter combustion chambers burn with resistates after guaranteeing biomass material gasification, vaporizer 17 tops arrange pyrolysis chamber, and described pyrolysis chamber and vaporizer 17 are by tremie pipe 5 UNICOMs; Described pyrolysis chamber and indoor pyrolysis chamber's screw feeder 4 and the vaporizer screw feeder 11 of being respectively arranged with of gasification; On the reaction furnace wall at peripheral place, described pyrolysis chamber, exhanst gas outlet 3 is set, bleeding point 13 in the middle of described vaporizer middle part is provided with.Reaktionsofen epimere pyrolysis chamber form biomass pyrolysis reaction chamber, the product coke of mainly take is object; Vaporizer mainly be take and is generated high-quality gas as main, and vaporizer length sufficiently long, to guarantee that biomass material can abundant reduction and gaseous cracking, reduces the output of tar; Combustion chamber is that carbon residue and air carry out the place that vigorous oxidation burning provides adequate heat.
Described pyrolysis chamber screw feeder 4 connects driven rotary by an outside drive-motor 1, and described pyrolysis chamber offers biomass material opening for feed 2 in top; Described vaporizer screw feeder 11 connects driven rotary by No. two outside drive-motor 14.Screw feeder main shaft adopts high temperature material to make.Described tremie pipe 5 is 45-90 degree with the horizontal outer wall of vaporizer 17, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2 shown in the embodiment of two kinds of structures, to guarantee that biomass material falls to smoothly vaporizer after pyrolysis, and be up-thin-low-thick expander shape, facilitate biomass material to fall and accumulate.Described vaporizer screw feeder length will surpass bleeding point 13 positions, and the screw diameter of bleeding point position screw feeder is backward greater than the screw diameter of bleeding point position screw feeder forward.Described tremie pipe 5 forms gas flue around and between Reaktionsofen inwall, and this gas flue is coated with adiabator layer, and this flue first line of a couplet passes to exhanst gas outlet 3, under be connected to combustion chamber.Described bleeding point 13 is connected to again inertial separator 12.Described inertial separator 12 is connected to again the fuel gas inlet 8 of air preheater 7.On described air preheater, offer air intlet 6 and gas outlet 9, described air preheater also exports 10 fuel and the combustion air entrances 19 that are connected to combustion chamber by preheated air.Periphery, described combustion chamber also offers lime-ash outlet 15.
A kind of three sections of separate type biomass gasification methods, its step is as follows: biomass are put into pyrolysis chamber from biomass material opening for feed 2, pyrolysis chamber's screw feeder 4 carries out the 350-650 ℃ of low temperature pyrogenation at temperature by a drive-motor driven rotary by material tumble mixed simultaneously reacts, and the product of biomass low temperature pyrogenation is mainly biomass coke and cracked gas; Separating under the effect of hot cell screw feeder 4, pyrolysis product is constantly descending, by tremie pipe 5, come hypomere vaporizer 17, vaporizer screw feeder 11 carries out occurring at 900-1100 ℃ of temperature high-temperature gasification cracking reduction reaction by 14 rotations of No. two drive-motor by pyrolysis product rolling simultaneously, the biological fuel gas that produces gasification, the required high temperature that gasifies is from combustion chamber; Biological fuel gas pumps to inertial separator 12 by air extractor and carries out gas solid separation, and the gas producing is purified, and then enters air preheater 7 preheated airs; Air after preheating and additional biomass fuel together enter combustion chamber and carry out violent oxidizing fire with the carbon residue getting off from vaporizer end, offer the required high temperature of vaporizer; High temperature burning fume goes upward to pyrolysis chamber, for pyrolysis provides heat, then from exhanst gas outlet 3, discharges; Lime-ash is discharged from lime-ash outlet 15, carries out other application after collection.
The fuel gases calorific value of various biomass in running example: the biomass such as the corn stalk of moisture 8%-12%, wood chip obtain thick gas tar oil content and are less than 15mg/m
3, calorific value 12MJ/m
3-22MJ/m
3, gasification efficiency surpasses 80%.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, non-in order to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, other use the equivalence of patent spirit of the present invention to change, and all should all belong to the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. three sections of separate type biomass gasification methods, its step is as follows:
Biomass are put into pyrolysis chamber from biomass material opening for feed, pyrolysis chamber's screw feeder is rotated and material tumble mixed is carried out to the 350-650 ℃ of low temperature pyrogenation at temperature simultaneously reacts by driven by motor, and the product of biomass low temperature pyrogenation is mainly biomass coke and cracked gas;
Separating under the effect of hot cell screw feeder, pyrolysis product is constantly descending, by tremie pipe, come hypomere vaporizer, vaporizer screw feeder is rotated pyrolysis product rolling is carried out occurring at 900-1100 ℃ of temperature high-temperature gasification cracking reduction reaction simultaneously by motor, the biological fuel gas that produces gasification, the required high temperature that gasifies is from combustion chamber;
Biological fuel gas pumps to inertial separator by air extractor and carries out gas solid separation, and the gas producing is purified, and then enters air preheater preheated air;
Air after preheating and additional biomass fuel together enter combustion chamber and carry out violent oxidizing fire with the carbon residue getting off from vaporizer end, offer the required high temperature of vaporizer;
High temperature burning fume goes upward to pyrolysis chamber, for pyrolysis provides heat, then from exhanst gas outlet, discharges; Lime-ash is discharged from lime-ash outlet, carries out other application after collection.
2. three sections of separate type biomass gasification devices, it is characterized in that, comprise Reaktionsofen, described Reaktionsofen lower floor is combustion chamber, the upper position that is arranged in combustion chamber installs and is equipped with vaporizer, described vaporizer is by Link Port and combustion chamber UNICOM down, and vaporizer top arranges pyrolysis chamber, and described pyrolysis chamber and vaporizer are by tremie pipe UNICOM; Described pyrolysis chamber and indoor pyrolysis chamber's screw feeder and the vaporizer screw feeder of being respectively arranged with of gasification; On the reaction furnace wall at peripheral place, described pyrolysis chamber, exhanst gas outlet is set, described vaporizer middle part is provided with bleeding point; Described pyrolysis chamber screw feeder connects driven rotary by an outside drive-motor, and described pyrolysis chamber offers biomass material opening for feed in top; Described vaporizer screw feeder connects driven rotary by No. two outside drive-motor; Described tremie pipe forms gas flue around and between Reaktionsofen inwall, and this gas flue is coated with adiabator layer, and this flue first line of a couplet passes to exhanst gas outlet, under be connected to combustion chamber.
3. a kind of three sections of separate type biomass gasification devices according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the horizontal outer wall of described tremie pipe and vaporizer is 45-90 degree, and are up-thin-low-thick expander shape.
4. a kind of three sections of separate type biomass gasification devices according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described vaporizer screw feeder length will surpass bleeding point position, and the screw diameter of bleeding point position screw feeder is backward greater than the screw diameter of bleeding point position screw feeder forward.
5. a kind of three sections of separate type biomass gasification devices according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described bleeding point is connected to again inertial separator.
6. a kind of three sections of separate type biomass gasification devices according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described inertial separator is connected to again the fuel gas inlet of air preheater.
7. a kind of three sections of separate type biomass gasification devices according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, on described air preheater, offer air intlet and gas outlet, described air preheater also exports by preheated air fuel and the combustion air entrance that is connected to combustion chamber.
8. a kind of three sections of separate type biomass gasification devices according to claim 2, is characterized in that, periphery, described combustion chamber also offers lime-ash outlet.
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| CN104531227B (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2017-03-01 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of biomass double-shaft spiral pyrolysis installation |
| CN104593090B (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2017-05-10 | 华中科技大学 | Method and device for preparing synthesis gas by biomass pyrolysis and gasification |
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| CN105505477A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-04-20 | 浙江大学 | Multi-graded pyrolysis and gasification device of solid fuel and application method of multi-graded pyrolysis and gasification device |
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| CN108148627A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-06-12 | 广东国能中林实业有限公司 | A kind of multisection type spiral moving bed pyrolysis gasification installation |
| CN108998099B (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2020-08-04 | 浙江大学 | Gasification method for household garbage with staggered grates |
| CN109022040A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-18 | 谢响玲 | A kind of coal chemical industry pyrolysis gasification system |
| CN109628157B (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2020-12-29 | 华中科技大学 | Continuous biomass pyrolysis gasification device and method |
| CN111269735B (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2021-03-02 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Biomass three-section type pressurizing high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device |
| CN115247084B (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2023-11-03 | 重庆科技学院 | High-quality synthesis gas preparation system based on biomass self-heating source pyrolysis gasification |
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| CN1931959B (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2010-10-20 | 武汉凯迪工程技术研究总院有限公司 | Compositely circulating high temperature gasifying process for making synthetic gas with biomass |
| CN101818081B (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2013-04-24 | 武汉凯迪工程技术研究总院有限公司 | Process and system for manufacturing synthesis gas from biomass by carbonization |
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