CN108996770A - A kind of rapidly and efficiently oil removing Airfloat filtering pond - Google Patents
A kind of rapidly and efficiently oil removing Airfloat filtering pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN108996770A CN108996770A CN201811077124.4A CN201811077124A CN108996770A CN 108996770 A CN108996770 A CN 108996770A CN 201811077124 A CN201811077124 A CN 201811077124A CN 108996770 A CN108996770 A CN 108996770A
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 166
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract description 62
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006124 Pilkington process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000013 aluminium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036506 anxiety Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZXZYMQCBRZBVIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phenyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(=O)(OCC(CC)CCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZXZYMQCBRZBVIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/24—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high speed degreasing units, including the intake chamber and several gas-floating chambers set gradually along drainage flow direction, intake chamber is connected with water inlet pipe, the dissolved air release that diversion trench is provided in each gas-floating chamber and is located in diversion trench far from gas-floating chamber side；It is connected between intake chamber and gas-floating chamber by a water inlet, and the indoor diversion trench of air bearing for being located at close intake chamber is located at water inlet and is connected to water inlet；It is connected between adjacent gas-floating chamber by a water hole road, the diversion trench being arranged in adjacent gas-floating chamber is connected to water hole road.The invention also discloses a kind of rapidly and efficiently oil removing Airfloat filtering ponds, set gradually high speed oil-removing area, coagulation area, flocculation zone, air flotation zone and filtering area along drainage flow direction, high speed oil-removing area includes above-mentioned high speed degreasing unit, and filtering area is connected with outlet pipe.It is an advantage of the invention that the oil in sewage can be removed efficiently, the floating oil collecting reuse of part is realized, but also the ss suspended matter in sewage can be subjected to separating and filtering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sewage treatment fields, and in particular to a kind of rapidly and efficiently oil removing Airfloat filtering pond.
Background technique
Sewage after biochemical or physical reaction contains ss suspended matter, and ss suspended matter refers to the solid matter to suspend in water, packet
Include inorganic matter insoluble in water, organic matter and silt particle, clay, microorganism etc..Air bearing is a kind of traditional solid-liquid separation means, gas
Floating filter (DAFF) is a kind of novel process that dissolved air floatation pond is combined with multimedium filter tank, and Airfloat filtering pond top is divided into rectangle
Dissolved air floatation pond, lower part are divided into multimedium filter tank.
General Airfloat filtering pond is made of molten gas release system, flotation filtration system, air-water backwashing system, sludge system.
Pneumatically supported principle is the 10%-27% for total amount of intaking to be pumped into dissolving, then using partial reflux pressure air-dissolving air-float method
Pressurization, while using air compressor, into tank, compressed air is allowed to supersaturation, then discharges system instant decompression by molten gas, produces
Raw a large amount of micro air bubble, thus the wadding body substance and some fine particles and micro-bubble that are generated by flocculation be combined together by
On climbing up on top of the water, freely oil, oil emulsion and the partial suspended matter not removed by air bearing also in water, filter tank continuation oil removing,
Oil removal.
Existing Airfloat filtering pond has the disadvantage in that
(1), work as variation water quality, the operation of Airfloat filtering pond can be unstable；
(2), lead to some recuperable oil slick when adding coagulant or flocculant, can not recycle；
(3), Airfloat filtering pond backwash is not thorough, and filtrate is easy hardened.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficienciess of the prior art, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a kind of high speed degreasing unit, it is excellent
Point is: the oil slick in sewage can efficiently be removed.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention has the technical scheme that a kind of high speed degreasing unit, packet
The intake chamber set gradually along drainage flow direction and several gas-floating chambers are included, the intake chamber connects far from the side of the gas-floating chamber
It is connected to water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe protrudes into the intake chamber and water inlet pipe protrudes into the pipeline section of intake chamber and upwardly extends；
The dissolved air release for being provided with diversion trench in each gas-floating chamber and being located in diversion trench, is inserted in the gas-floating chamber and institute
State the air inlet pipe of dissolved air release connection；
The intake chamber is connected to between the gas-floating chamber of the intake chamber by a water inlet, and is located at close to intake chamber
The indoor diversion trench of air bearing is located at the water inlet and is connected to the water inlet；
It is connected between adjacent gas-floating chamber by a water hole road, the diversion trench and the water hole road being arranged in adjacent gas-floating chamber connect
It is logical.
Through the above technical solutions, dissolved air release will form many tiny bubbles, tiny bubble is in floating-upward process
The middle elaioleucite by water takes on the water surface, oil reservoir is formed on the water surface, and dissolved air release is in water (flow) direction in diversion trench
On, accelerate the rate of climb of elaioleucite, after elaioleucite rises to the water surface, be quickly dissolved in oil reservoir.The setting of several gas-floating chambers will be in sewage
Elaioleucite carry out repeatedly removal and realize the purpose that efficiently removes.
The present invention is further arranged to: the diversion trench is set as semi-cylindrical diversion trench, and the diversion trench is along axial one
End is provided with the introducing port being connected to water hole road or the water inlet, and diversion trench is closed at one end far from the introducing port；
Plane where the notch of the diversion trench and horizontal plane form the angle of 40-60 degree.
Through the above technical solutions, sewage in water inlet pipe flows into the diversion trench being attached thereto, in diversion trench water flow with
The bubble that dissolved air release is formed is moved with path, and elaioleucite in water is taken in floating-upward process and forms oil on the water surface by bubble
Layer, the water flow in diversion trench flows into next gas-floating chamber by water hole road, and the elaioleucite in sewage is similarly made to float up to the water surface
Oil reservoir is formed, multiple oil removing is carried out to the sewage for flowing into air flotation zone.
The present invention is further arranged to: the gas-floating chamber and the intake chamber upper outside wall are also connected with oil trap, institute
It states gas-floating chamber and the intake chamber and is equipped with the side wall top of oil trap and be lower than the top of Airfloat filtering pond, and the gas-floating chamber and described
It is jagged oil skimming weir plate that the side wall upper part that intake chamber is equipped with oil trap, which is equipped with top, and the oil trap is in the oil skimming weir
Below plate.
Through the above technical solutions, the accumulation of the elaioleucite with floating, elaioleucite overflows across oil skimming weir plate, flows to oil trap, real
Now to the collection of elaioleucite, later cycles is facilitated to recycle.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of rapidly and efficiently oil removing Airfloat filtering pond, a kind of rapidly and efficiently oil removing air bearing filter
Pond, including high speed oil-removing area, air flotation zone and the filtering area set gradually along drainage flow direction, the high speed oil-removing area includes such as
Between the side of the separate intake chamber of any high speed degreasing unit of claim-, the air flotation zone and high speed oil-removing area
It is connected to by a water passage, the filtering area bottom is connected with outlet pipe.
Through the above technical solutions, by the sewage of high speed degreasing unit successively by air flotation zone and filtering area, to sewage
Oil removing and the removal of ss suspended matter are carried out, is finally flowed out of the water outlet pipe.
The present invention is further arranged to: coagulation area is additionally provided between the high speed oil-removing area and the air flotation zone, it is described
First blender is installed, the coagulation area is equipped with close to the bottom of high speed oil-removing area side and is connected to the height in coagulation area
The water passage of fast oil-removing area and the coagulation area.
Through the above technical solutions, the sewage after high speed oil removing enters coagulation area from water passage, stirred first
It mixes under device effect, sewage is sufficiently mixed under stiring with the coagulant in coagulation area, forms a large amount of tiny alumen ustum, and small alumen ustum is logical
After crossing flocculation zone flocculation, into air flotation zone.
The present invention is further arranged to: plug-flow area is additionally provided between the high speed oil-removing area and the coagulation area, it is described
It is connected to by a water passage between plug-flow area and the high speed oil-removing area and the coagulation area；
The water passage between the plug-flow area and the high speed oil-removing area is in the lower end of Airfloat filtering pond, the plug-flow area
The water passage between the coagulation area is in the upper end of Airfloat filtering pond.
Through the above technical solutions, the setting in plug-flow area is so that sewage in plug-flow area is flowed into from the upper end in coagulation area, then
In conjunction with the effect of the first blender, sewage contacts more abundant with coagulant when coagulant is put into.
The present invention is further arranged to: flocculation zone, the flocculation are additionally provided between the coagulation area and the air flotation zone
Guide shell is installed, the guide shell is internally provided with the second blender inside area；
The flocculation zone is equipped with the mistake for being connected to the gas-floating chamber and the flocculation zone close to the bottom of high speed oil-removing area side
Water hole road, is provided with aqueduct between the water hole road and the guide shell, aqueduct one end setting crosses water described
It is connected at duct and with the water hole road, the other end is in the guide shell.
Through the above technical solutions, entering flocculation zone through the mixed liquor in coagulation area after coagulation, added in flocculation zone
Flocculant, the ss suspended matter in sewage form wadding body under the action of flocculant and enter air flotation zone.Guide shell and the second blender
Setting so that sewage forms an internal circulation in flocculation zone, the sewage in flocculation zone is sufficiently connect with flocculant
Touching.
The present invention is further arranged to: dissolved air release, the dissolved air release connection are also equipped in the air flotation zone
There is a dissolving, set air inlet pipe is connected with the dissolving in the gas-floating chamber of high speed degreasing unit；
The filtering area is equipped with the baffle for separating the filtering area and the air flotation zone, institute close to the side of the air flotation zone
Baffle upper surface is stated lower than Airfloat filtering pond upper surface for mixed liquor inflow filtering area in the air flotation zone.
Through the above technical solutions, the dissolved air release of air flotation zone will form a large amount of bubble, bubble will be formed in sewage
Big alumen ustum take on the water surface, part of contaminated water climbs over baffle and enters filtering area.
The present invention is further arranged to: the baffle top is tilted towards filtering area side, and forms 50- with horizontal direction
70 degree of angles.
Even water distribution is enabled to through the above technical solutions, being arranged such, air flotation zone will not generate slough；It can be with
Reduce the probability that minute bubbles collision generates air pocket.
The present invention is further arranged to: the filtering area lower part is provided with filter material layer, and the filtering area upper end, which is provided with, scrapes
Slag machine, the filtering area upper end be equipped with the Slag Scraping Device side be provided with the dross after scraping slag to Slag Scraping Device collection scrape slag
Slot.
Through the above technical solutions, climb over baffle enter alumen ustum a part of filtering area filter tank surface formed one layer it is floating
Slag is struck off by Slag Scraping Device, is fallen in dreg scraping trough；There are also some more closely knit heavier alumen ustum can be because under the precipitating of gravity slowly
Come, is filtered by the filtrate of filter material layer.
The present invention is further arranged to: back washing device is additionally provided between the filter material layer and Airfloat filtering pond bottom, it is described
Back washing device includes the stripping conduit being arranged in the filter material layer, and the stripping conduit is connected to up and down and close to Airfloat filtering pond bottom
Portion one end is in filter material layer, and filtrate is filled in the stripping conduit；
The stripping tube at one end is communicated with backwash air inlet pipe, and the backwash air inlet pipe passes through institute far from the stripping tube at one end
The side wall for stating Airfloat filtering pond is connected with a blower.
Through the above technical solutions, in use, being inflated by backwash air inlet pipe into stripping conduit, so that it may realize stripping
The inside of filtrate recycles in conduit, and mutual friction and disturbance between filtrate reaches the process of filtrate cleaning.Compared to the prior art,
This back washing device does not need to arrange the washing and cleaning operation that backwash water inlet pipe can be realized to filtrate, reduces investment, Er Qiejian
Backwash process is changed, so that backwash more succinctly facilitates.
The present invention is further arranged to: being also equipped with several wrapping wire filter pipes, each wrapping wire drainage above the filter material layer
Manage closed at one end, the other end directly or after connection is pierced by the locular wall of Airfloat filtering pond and is communicated with a backwash waste pond.
Through the above technical solutions, backwash waste is drained into backwash waste pond by the setting of wrapping wire filter pipe, while will not make
Filtrate outflow.
The present invention is further arranged to: being additionally provided with several filters and filter plate, the filter plate and institute below the filter material layer
The locular wall for stating Airfloat filtering pond is affixed, and the filter is fixed on the filter plate.
Through the above technical solutions, filter plate is additionally provided with below the filter material layer, the filter plate and the Airfloat filtering pond
Locular wall is affixed, and the filter plate is equipped with several filters.
In conclusion the invention has the following advantages:
1, occupied area is smaller.Since flotation tank to be superimposed with filtering ponds, occupied area can reduce 50%, be particularly suitable for accounting for
Plant area's transformation project of ground area anxiety；
2, the collection recycling that oil slick can be achieved, first by the multi-chamber design of flotation tank quickly by floating oil collecting；
3, suitable application area is wider, oil field extracted water, offshore platform recovered water, oil refining and petrochemical industry oily wastewater, coal chemical industry oil-containing
Sewage, papermill whitewater, mining industry sewage, food processing factory's sewage, is modernized and expanded the existing factory at tanker ballast water, take up an area limited occasion,
There are occasion, existing cavitation air flotation and the air-dissolving air-float oil removing occasion not up to standard etc. of recycling demand to oil；
4, the ss suspended matter in sewage is carried out by separating and filtering by the setting of air flotation zone and filtering area；
5, floating oil collecting is reduced, less dosage, operating cost is low, and operation energy consumption is lower, builds by dosage by gas-floating chamber
If with low investment, it can be achieved that integrated steel-structure is built；
6, the backwash of filter material layer may be implemented in the setting of back washing device, guarantees effluent quality and water；
7, the setting of wrapping wire filter pipe can flow out backwash waste in filtering area, while prevent filtrate from flowing out therewith；
8, final outflow water oil-containing≤5ppm may be implemented, setting coagulation area, flocculation zone air flotation zone and filtering area are finally realized out
Aqueous suspension≤5ppm, processing accuracy is high, and effluent quality is good.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of high speed degreasing unit provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of Airfloat filtering pond provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram that diversion trench is embodied in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram that back washing device is embodied in the present invention.
Appended drawing reference: 1, water inlet pipe；2, high speed oil-removing area；21, diversion trench；211, introducing port；212, water outlet；22, it skims
Oily weir plate；23, water hole road；24, gas-floating chamber；241, oil trap；242, water inlet；25, intake chamber；3, coagulation area；31, first
Blender；32, pipe is added in coagulant；4, flocculation zone；41, the second blender；42, guide shell；43, pipe is added in flocculant；44, it leads
Flow tube；5, air flotation zone；6, filtering area；61, baffle；62, Slag Scraping Device；621, dreg scraping trough；63, filter material layer；64, outlet pipe；65, vapour
Mention conduit；66, backwash air inlet pipe；67, wrapping wire filter pipe；68, filter；69, filter plate；7, dissolved air release；71, dissolving；8,
Water passage.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, invention is further described in detail.The wherein identical appended drawing reference of identical components
It indicates.It should be noted that word "front", "rear" used in the following description, "left", "right", "upper", "lower", " bottom surface " and
" top surface " refers to that the direction in attached drawing, word "inner" and "outside" are referred respectively to towards or away from geometric center of specific component
Direction.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of high speed degreasing unit provided in this embodiment, including the water inlet set gradually along drainage flow direction
Room 25 and several gas-floating chambers 24, intake chamber 25 are connected with water inlet pipe 1 far from 24 side of gas-floating chamber, and water inlet pipe 1 passes through intake chamber 25
Locular wall far from 24 side of gas-floating chamber simultaneously upwardly extends.It is connected between intake chamber 25 and gas-floating chamber 24 by a water hole road 23,
It is connected between adjacent gas-floating chamber 24 also by water hole road 23, water hole road 23 is separately positioned on adjacent gas-floating chamber 24 or air bearing
On the shared locular wall of room 24 and intake chamber 25.Dissolved air release 7 and diversion trench 21, molten gas release are provided in each gas-floating chamber 24
Device 7 is in diversion trench 21, and dissolved air release 7 is connected with dissolving 71 by air inlet pipe, and air inlet pipe is inserted in gas-floating chamber 24.
Spiral separator, spiral separator inclination installation, spiral shell are also provided between water inlet pipe 1 and high speed oil-removing area 2
The setting of rotary separator can will enter the biggish particle progress initial gross separation of specific gravity in sewage in high speed oil-removing area 2.
Dissolved air release 7 will form many tiny bubbles, and tiny bubble is in floating-upward process by the elaioleucite band in water
Onto the water surface, oil reservoir is formed on the water surface.The setting of intake chamber 25 by by water inlet pipe 1 enter high speed oil-removing area 2 in sewage into
Row coarse filtration, and water inlet pipe 1 is arranged in intake chamber 25 and in the vertical direction, so that the sewage in intake chamber 25 passes through one
Fixed disturbance enters gas-floating chamber 24, again takes the elaioleucite in sewage on liquid level under the action of dissolved air release 7.It is several
The setting of gas-floating chamber 24 is repeatedly removed the elaioleucite in sewage.Dissolved air release 7 is in drainage flow side in diversion trench 21
Upwards, the rate of climb for accelerating elaioleucite after elaioleucite rises to the water surface, is quickly dissolved in oil reservoir.
In order to realize the collection to ullage oil slick, it is also connected in the upper outside wall of gas-floating chamber 24 and intake chamber 25
Oil trap 241, it is jagged oil skimming weir plate 22 that the locular wall top equipped with oil trap 241, which is equipped with top, and oil skimming weir plate 22 pushes up
End is lower than Airfloat filtering pond top, and oil skimming weir plate 22 is arranged along the length direction for the locular wall for being equipped with oil trap 241, oil trap 241
In 22 lower section of oil skimming weir plate.It is arranged so that the accumulation with oil slick, the oil slick of ullage overflows across the stream of oil skimming weir plate 22
Enter oil trap 241, realizes the collection to elaioleucite, later cycles is facilitated to recycle.Oil skimming weir plate 22 and gas-floating chamber 24 or intake chamber
25 are detachably connected, the height of adjustable oil skimming weir plate 22.Several 24 lower ends of gas-floating chamber are provided with drain valve, when to gas-floating chamber
24 when cleared up or repaired, and the sewage in gas-floating chamber 24 is discharged, easy cleaning.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, diversion trench 21 is set as semicircle diversion trench, diversion trench 21 along axial one end be provided with
The introducing port 211 that water hole road 23 or water inlet 242 are connected to, diversion trench 21 are closed at one end far from introducing port 211.It is positioned close to
Diversion trench 21 in the gas-floating chamber 24 of 25 side of intake chamber is located at water inlet 242 and is connected to water inlet 242.Remaining gas-floating chamber
The introducing port 211 of diversion trench 21 is connected to water hole road 23 in 24.The notch of diversion trench 21, which is constituted, to flow for sewage from diversion trench 21
To the water outlet 212 of gas-floating chamber 24, one end is higher than the other end to water outlet 212 in radial directions, that is to say, that 21 slot of diversion trench
Angle of the plane horizontal by existing 40-60 degree where mouthful.Diversion trench 21 moves water flow and bubble with path, tiny bubble
The elaioleucite in water is taken to the water surface during floating, while the setting of water outlet 212 is so that the sewage in diversion trench 21 can
To flow out from low side, and then it is flow to from water hole road 23 diversion trench 21 of next gas-floating chamber 24, pushes the water in gas-floating chamber 24
Flow disturbance, so that the elaioleucite in sewage is more floated on the water surface.It circuits sequentially, several gas-floating chambers 24 are to the elaioleucite in sewage
Carry out multiple oil removing.
Water hole road 23 or water inlet 242, which can be set, also can be set at the intermediate position of 24 locular wall of gas-floating chamber in air bearing
Other positions in room 24, when water hole road 23 or water inlet 242 are in the lower section of 24 locular wall of gas-floating chamber, diversion trench 21 at this time
It is also at the lower section of 24 locular wall of gas-floating chamber, the sewage being arranged such in more convenient gas-floating chamber 24 disturbs up and down, with bubble interface
Product is bigger, and oil removing is cleaner efficient.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of rapidly and efficiently degreasing unit with high speed degreasing unit provided in this embodiment, including along dirt
High speed oil-removing area 2, coagulation area 3, flocculation zone 4, air flotation zone 5 and the filtering area 6 that water flowing direction is set gradually, high speed oil-removing area 2
Including the high speed degreasing unit in embodiment 1, pass through one between high speed oil-removing area 2 and coagulation area 3, flocculation zone 4 and air flotation zone 5
Water passage 8 is connected to, and water passage 8 can be located at bottom end coagulation area 3 and the flocculation of the shared wall surface of Airfloat filtering pond adjacent area
It is connected between area 4 by water hole road 23.6 bottom of filtering area is communicated with the outlet pipe 64 for the filtered water outflow of air bearing.It is high
Fast oil-removing area 2 is used to carry out the elaioleucite of sewage repeatedly efficiently to remove, so that the sewage after elaioleucite is removed passes through water passage 8
Into coagulation area 3, coagulation area 3 makes the ss suspended matter in sewage form tiny small alumen ustum, the sewage mixing with small alumen ustum
Liquid enters flocculation zone 4 by water hole road 23, and tiny small alumen ustum polymerize to form uniform closely knit big alumen ustum, alum by flocculation zone 4
Flower mixed liquor enters air flotation zone 5 by water passage 8, is taken big alumen ustum on the water surface to by air flotation zone 5, some sewage
Into filtering area 6, handled by filtering area 6 and be filtered the ss suspended matter in sewage, after finally filtering after water from water outlet
Pipe 64 flows out.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the first blender 31 is installed in coagulation area 3 and pipe 32, water passage 8 is added in coagulant
In coagulation area 3 close to the bottom of 4 side of flocculation zone, high speed oil-removing area 2 is connected to coagulation area 3, makes by the setting of water passage 8
It obtains the water in high speed oil-removing area 2 after high speed oil removing and enters coagulation area 3 from water passage 8, pass through coagulant and pipe 32 is added
Coagulant is added into coagulation area 3, under the effect of the first blender 31, sewage is sufficiently mixed with the coagulant in coagulation area 3 and stirs
It mixes, this coagulant being added in the process is aluminium salt, is taken off by the effects of absorption charge neutrality, adsorption bridging, compression electric double layer steady
Form a large amount of tiny alumen ustum.
Plug-flow area 9, plug-flow area 9 and high speed oil-removing area 2 and coagulation area 3 are additionally provided between high speed oil-removing area 2 and coagulation area 3
Between be connected to by water passage 8, and the water passage 8 between plug-flow area 9 and high speed oil-removing area 2 is under Airfloat filtering pond
End, the water passage 8 between plug-flow area 9 and coagulation area 3 are in the upper end of Airfloat filtering pond.The setting in plug-flow area 9 is so that high speed is removed
Sewage in oily area 2 after oil removing flows to plug-flow area 9 by water passage 8 and flows to coagulation area 3 by water passage 8 again, so that dirty
Water is flowed into from the upper end in coagulation area 3, and in conjunction with the effect of the first blender 31, sewage contacts more with coagulant when coagulant is put into
Add sufficiently.
Guide shell 42 is installed inside flocculation zone 4 and pipe 43 is added in flocculant, guide shell 42 is internally provided with the second stirring
Device 41, water hole road 23 are in flocculation zone 4 close to the bottom of 3 side of coagulation area, and water hole road 23 is by coagulation area 3 and flocculation zone 4
It is connected, is connected between water hole road 23 and guide shell 42 by diversion pipe 44,44 one end of diversion pipe is arranged in water hole road 23
It place and is connected to water hole road 23, the other end is in inside guide shell 42.Sewage after coagulating treatment passes through water hole road
23 enter flocculation zone 4, and pipe 43 is added by flocculant and adds flocculant in flocculation zone 4, flocculant is added by adding ring, water conservancy diversion
The setting of pipe 44 is so that sewage comes into full contact with to upstream with flocculant inside guide shell 42, then downwards from 42 top of guide shell
Stream, then enters guide shell 42 from 42 bottom of guide shell again, will form an internal circulation in the flocculation zone 4 of process, the
Two blenders 41 increase the disturbance effect to sewage, so that sewage is more fully contacted with flocculant.Flocculant is by the thin of formation
Small alumen ustum condenses together, and forms bigger uniform closely knit big alumen ustum, is formed by alumen ustum mixed liquor and passes through water passage 8
Enter air flotation zone 5.
Independent aggregation of particles in sewage can be formed alumen ustum by flocculant and coagulant, when processing oil droplet size >=
100 μm of oily wastewater is not required to add coagulated agent；The oily wastewater of 100 μm of oil droplet size < of processing, adds coagulated agent,
Finely ground particle substance is formed into small alumen ustum.
Dissolved air release 7 is also equipped in air flotation zone 5, dissolved air release 7 is connect with dissolving 71, and filtering area 6 is close to gas
The side of floating region 5 is equipped with the baffle 61 for separating filtering area 6 and air flotation zone 5, and 61 top of baffle is rolled towards filtering area 6 one
Tiltedly, and with horizontal direction 50-70 degree angle is formed.It is mixed in air flotation zone 5 lower than Airfloat filtering pond upper surface 61 upper surface of baffle
It closes liquid stream and enters filtering area 6.The dissolved air release 7 of air flotation zone 5 will form a large amount of bubble, the big alumen ustum that bubble will be formed in sewage
It takes on the water surface, part of contaminated water climbs over baffle 61 and enters filtering area 6.The setting of baffle 61 enables to air flotation zone 5 to flow to filtering
Even water distribution when area 6, air flotation zone 5 will not generate slough, but also can reduce the probability of minute bubbles collision air pocket.
6 lower end of filtering area is provided with filter material layer 63, is provided with filtrate in filter material layer 63.When effluent quality to oil removing require compared with
Gao Shi, 63 filtrate of filter material layer select walnut shell filtering material；When effluent quality is more demanding to ss, 63 filtrate of filter material layer selects quartz sand
Filtrate.It is provided with Slag Scraping Device 62 above filtering area 6 and scrapes the dreg scraping trough 621 of the dross collection after slag, dreg scraping trough to Slag Scraping Device 62
621 in 6 top of filtering area and setting is in 62 side of Slag Scraping Device.Climb over the lesser alumen ustum of specific gravity that baffle 61 enters filtering area 6
One layer of dross is formed on filter tank surface, is struck off, is fallen in dreg scraping trough 621 by Slag Scraping Device 62；There are also some more closely knit heavier
Alumen ustum can be filtered because of gravity precipitating slowly by the filtrate of filter material layer 63.Final dross is in dreg scraping trough 621
Interior, the water after being separated by filtration is flowed out from outlet pipe 64.Slag Scraping Device 62 can be set to running vehicle type Slag Scraping Device, the work of Slag Scraping Device 62
Make principle and the course of work belongs to general knowledge known in this field, the setting of Slag Scraping Device 62 is also common technology means, and the present embodiment is not
It is described in detail again.
After a period of work, with the increase of 63 holding filth capacity of filter material layer, the porosity of filtrate is constantly reduced filtering area 6,
Sludge permeability is deepened, and is increased the resistance of water flow, is caused filtering velocity to decline, filter tank water level is just gradually increasing, water after filter turbidity liter
It is high.To make filter tank restore to operate normally in a short time, guarantee effluent quality and water, therefore usually require to utilize back washing device
Reverse flow filter material layer 63 is rinsed, so that filter material layer 63 be made to regenerate, filtering area 6 restarts to work normally.Such as Fig. 1
With shown in Fig. 4, be provided with back washing device between filter material layer 63 and Airfloat filtering pond bottom, back washing device includes being arranged in filter material layer
Several stripping conduits 65 in 63 and the backwash air inlet pipe 66 be connected to stripping conduit 65, about 65 conduit of stripping is connected to and stripping
Conduit 65 is in inside filter material layer 63 close to Airfloat filtering pond bottom end, is filled with filtrate in stripping conduit 65.Strip conduit 65
Setting according to the size of filter material layer 63 be arranged, can be arranged according to 63 homalographic of filter material layer.66 one end of backwash air inlet pipe and vapour
The perforation connection of conduit 65 is proposed, the other end is pierced by Airfloat filtering pond side wall and is connected with blower, is provided with hand-operated valve in backwash air inlet pipe 66
Door.Flowing water Valve is provided on outlet pipe 64.When needing backwash, stop water inlet first, then reduces the liquid level of filtering area, work as liquid
When position is lower than baffle 61, flowing water Valve is closed, fan is powered, and blower is constantly blown into backwash air inlet pipe 66, and then flows to
Conduit 65 is stripped, the filtrate stripped in conduit 65 moves upwards under the influence of gas, and the filtrate for stripping 65 periphery of conduit can be from
Stripping 65 lower end of conduit adds in stripping conduit 65, while stripping the filtrate in conduit 65 and being moved to stripping conduit 65 from upper end
Both sides, and can move down and be added to inside stripping conduit 65 again, so that the dirt on filtrate and filtrate forms one
The inside of a disturbance recycles, and mutual friction and disturbance between filtrate reaches the process of filtrate cleaning.
In order to which backwash waste in filtering area 6 to be discharged, in the present embodiment, several wire-coiling filterings are also equipped with above filter material layer 63
Water pipe 67, each wrapping wire filter pipe 67 is closed at one end, and the other end directly or after being connected to is pierced by the locular wall of Airfloat filtering pond and is communicated with
One backwash waste pond.Valve is provided on wrapping wire filter pipe 67.In one embodiment, the locular wall and wire-coiling filtering of Airfloat filtering pond
The connection of water pipe 67 and wrapping wire filter pipe 67 is connect with the locular wall of Airfloat filtering pond it is closed at one end, in this scheme, wrapping wire drainage
The other end of pipe 67 can directly stretch out the locular wall of Airfloat filtering pond and be connected to backwash waste pond, be also possible to lead to after being interconnected
A general pipeline is crossed to stretch out the locular wall of Airfloat filtering pond and be connected to backwash waste pond.In another embodiment, wrapping wire filter pipe 67
One end is in filtering area 6 and in closed state, and in this scheme, the other end of wrapping wire filter pipe 67 can also be direct or be connected
The logical locular wall for extending back out Airfloat filtering pond is connected to backwash waste pond.It is not limited to above scheme, the arrangement of wrapping wire filter pipe 67 can also
To there is other modes, it is only necessary to which guaranteeing 67 both ends of wrapping wire filter pipe not is in filtering area 6 in opening-wide state, and filtrate stream is prevented
Enter wrapping wire filter pipe 67.Using the set-up mode of wrapping wire filter pipe, after the completion of backwash, open on wrapping wire filter pipe 67
Valve, in filtrate cleaning process, the dirt on filtrate is flow in sewage, and the backwash waste with dirt passes through wrapping wire drainage
Pipe 67 flows out, and enters backwash waste pond.Will compared to the prior art, this back washing device does not need arrangement backwash water inlet pipe just
The washing and cleaning operation to filtrate may be implemented, reduce investment, and simplify backwash process, so that backwash more succinctly facilitates.
In addition, being additionally provided with several filters 68 and filter plate 69 in filter material layer 63, filter plate 69 and the locular wall of Airfloat filtering pond are affixed,
Filter 68 is fixed on filter plate 69.The setting of filter 68 is so that the sewage after filtered in filter material layer 63 is flowed by filter 69
Enter the bottom end of Airfloat filtering pond and then flowed out from outlet pipe 64, while preventing filtrate from the bottom of the inflow Airfloat filtering pond of filter 69.
By the setting of high speed oil-removing area 2, multiple oil removing is carried out to the oil slick in sewage, passes through coagulation area 3, flocculation zone 4
Finally make Airfloat filtering pond to sewage the polymerization, air bearing and filtration of suspended matter in sewage with air flotation zone 5 and filtering area 6
Processing accuracy it is high, effluent quality is good, can achieve out aqueous suspension≤5ppm, oil-containing≤5ppm effect.
The course of work: the sewage in water inlet pipe 1 enters intake chamber 25 subsequently into gas-floating chamber 24, and dissolved air release 7 can shape
At many tiny bubbles, tiny bubble takes the elaioleucite in water on the water surface in floating-upward process, and oil is formed on the water surface
Then layer overflows across oil skimming weir plate 22 and flows into oil trap 241, while the sewage in diversion trench 21 is flowed out from the water outlet of low side,
And then the diversion trench 21 of next gas-floating chamber 24 is flow to from water hole road 23.It circuits sequentially, several gas-floating chambers 24 are in sewage
Elaioleucite carries out multiple oil removing.Water after high speed oil removing enters coagulation area 3 from water passage 8, makees in the first blender 31
Under, the coagulant in sewage and coagulation area 3 is sufficiently mixed stirring, forms tiny alumen ustum, is entered by water hole road 23 and is flocculated
Area 4, adds flocculant, and tiny alumen ustum is polymerize to form bigger uniform closely knit big alumen ustum, and alumen ustum mixed liquor passed through water
Channel 8 enters air flotation zone 5, and the dissolved air release 7 of air flotation zone 5 will form a large amount of bubble, and bubble is big by what is formed in sewage
Alumen ustum takes on the water surface, and part of contaminated water climbs over baffle 61 and enters filtering area 6.Climb over alumen ustum one that baffle 61 enters filtering area 6
Divide and form one layer of dross on filter tank surface, is struck off, fallen in dreg scraping trough 621 by Slag Scraping Device 62；There are also some more closely knit heavier
Alumen ustum can be because gravity precipitating slowly, be filtered by the filtrate of filter material layer 63.Final dross is in dreg scraping trough
In 621, the water after being separated by filtration is flowed out from outlet pipe 64.
Using Airfloat filtering pond of the invention for handling petrochemical industry sewage quality containing greasy dirt, the operation of dissolving 71 pressure in the present invention
Power 6Bar, molten tolerance are greater than traditional air-dissolving air-float, and 24 residence time of gas-floating chamber is short, 15 ~ 20 minutes, can be used for the quick of free oil
Recycling.And dissolving 71 and dissolved air release 7 can guarantee 30 to 80 microns of bubble, and be evenly distributed, and can effectively adhere to
On elaioleucite and suspended matter, together floating to liquid level.Wherein result is as follows with treated for sewage quality.
Project water quality is as follows:
| Project | Oil-containing | SS |
| Water inlet index | 300ppm | 100mg/l |
| Effluent index | ≤30ppm | ≤20mg/l |
Water quality is as follows after high speed oil-removing area 2 is handled:
| Project | Oil-containing | SS |
| Effluent index | 78ppm | 50mg/l |
Final outflow water water quality is as follows:
| Project | Oil-containing | SS |
| Effluent index | 4ppm | 4mg/l |
As can be seen that sewage is finally reached out aqueous suspension oil-containing≤5ppm effect, by gas by processing from above-mentioned table
Aqueous suspension≤5ppm is finally realized out in the processing of floating filter, and Airfloat filtering pond processing accuracy is high, and effluent quality is good.
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention, is not limitation of the present invention, those skilled in the art
Member can according to need the modification that not creative contribution is made to the present embodiment after reading this specification, but as long as at this
All by the protection of Patent Law in the scope of the claims of invention.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of high speed degreasing unit, it is characterized in that: including the intake chamber set gradually along drainage flow direction and several air bearings
Room (24), the intake chamber (25) are connected with water inlet pipe (1) far from the side of the gas-floating chamber (24), and the water inlet pipe (1) is stretched
Enter in the intake chamber (25) and water inlet pipe (1) protrudes into the pipeline section of intake chamber (25) and upwardly extends；
The dissolved air release (7) for being provided with diversion trench (21) in each gas-floating chamber (24) and being located in diversion trench (21), it is described
The air inlet pipe connecting with the dissolved air release (7) is inserted in gas-floating chamber (24)；
The intake chamber (25) is connected to between the gas-floating chamber (24) of the intake chamber (25) by a water inlet (242),
And the diversion trench (21) being located in the gas-floating chamber (24) close to intake chamber (25) be located at the water inlet (242) and with it is described into
The mouth of a river (242) connection；
It is connected between adjacent gas-floating chamber (24) by a water hole road (23), the diversion trench (21) being arranged in adjacent gas-floating chamber (24)
It is connected to the water hole road (23).
2. a kind of high speed degreasing unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the diversion trench (21) is set as semicolumn
Shape diversion trench, the diversion trench (21) is provided with along axial one end to be connected to water hole road (23) or the water inlet (242)
Introducing port (211), diversion trench (21) are closed at one end far from the introducing port (211)；
Plane where the notch of the diversion trench (21) and horizontal plane form the angle of 40-60 degree.
3. a kind of high speed degreasing unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the gas-floating chamber (24) and the intake chamber
(25) upper outside wall is also connected with oil trap (241), and the gas-floating chamber (24) and the intake chamber (25) are equipped with oil trap
(241) side wall top is lower than the top of Airfloat filtering pond, and the gas-floating chamber (24) and the intake chamber (25) are equipped with oil trap
(241) it is jagged oil skimming weir plate (22) that side wall upper part, which is equipped with top, and the oil trap (241) is in the oil skimming weir plate
(22) lower section.
4. a kind of rapidly and efficiently oil removing Airfloat filtering pond, it is characterized in that: including the high speed oil removing set gradually along drainage flow direction
Area (2), air flotation zone (5) and filtering area (6), the high speed oil-removing area (2) include that high speed a method according to any one of claims 1-3 is removed
Oily device passes through a water passage between the side of the separate intake chamber (25) of the air flotation zone (5) and high speed oil-removing area (2)
(8) it is connected to, filtering area (6) bottom is connected with outlet pipe (64).
5. a kind of rapidly and efficiently oil removing Airfloat filtering pond according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the high speed oil-removing area (2)
It is additionally provided between the air flotation zone (5) coagulation area (3), is equipped with the first blender (31) in the coagulation area (3), it is described
Coagulation area (3) is equipped with close to the bottom of high speed oil-removing area (2) side and is connected to the high speed oil-removing area (2) and the coagulation area
(3) water passage (8).
6. a kind of rapidly and efficiently oil removing Airfloat filtering pond according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the high speed oil-removing area (2)
It is additionally provided with plug-flow area (9), the plug-flow area (9) and the high speed oil-removing area (2) and described mixes between the coagulation area (3)
It is connected to by a water passage (8) between coagulation zone (3)；
The water passage (8) between the plug-flow area (9) and the high speed oil-removing area (2) is in the lower end of Airfloat filtering pond,
The water passage (8) between the plug-flow area (9) and the coagulation area (3) is in the upper end of Airfloat filtering pond.
7. a kind of rapidly and efficiently oil removing Airfloat filtering pond according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the coagulation area (3) and institute
It states and is additionally provided between air flotation zone (5) flocculation zone (4), guide shell (42), the guide shell are installed inside the flocculation zone (4)
(42) the second blender (41) are internally provided with；
The flocculation zone (4) be equipped with close to the bottom of high speed oil-removing area (2) side be connected to the gas-floating chamber (24) with it is described
The water hole road (23) of flocculation zone (4), is provided with aqueduct (44) between the water hole road (23) and the guide shell (42),
Described aqueduct (44) one end is arranged at the water hole road (23) and is connected to the water hole road (23), and the other end is in
In the guide shell (42).
8. a kind of rapidly and efficiently oil removing Airfloat filtering pond according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: in the air flotation zone (5)
It is provided with dissolved air release (7), the dissolved air release (7) is connected with a dissolving (71), the gas-floating chamber of high speed degreasing unit
(24) set air inlet pipe is connected with the dissolving (71) in；
The filtering area (6) is equipped with close to the side of the air flotation zone (5) by the filtering area (6) and the air flotation zone (5) point
The baffle (61) separated, baffle (61) upper surface is lower than Airfloat filtering pond upper surface for the air flotation zone (5) interior mixed liquor
It flows into filtering area (6).
9. a kind of rapidly and efficiently oil removing Airfloat filtering pond according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the baffle (61) top court
It is tilted to filtering area (6) side, and forms the angle of 50-70 degree with horizontal plane.
10. a kind of rapidly and efficiently oil removing Airfloat filtering pond according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: under in the filtering area (6)
Portion is provided with filter material layer (63), and filtering area (6) upper end is provided with Slag Scraping Device (62), described above the filtering area (6)
The side of Slag Scraping Device (62) is provided with the dreg scraping trough (621) of the collection of the dross after scraping slag to Slag Scraping Device (62).
11. a kind of rapidly and efficiently oil removing Airfloat filtering pond according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: the filter material layer (63) with
Back washing device is additionally provided between Airfloat filtering pond bottom, the back washing device includes the stripping being arranged in the filter material layer (63)
Conduit (65), the stripping conduit (65) is connected to up and down and is in filter material layer (63) close to Airfloat filtering pond bottom end, described
It strips and is filled with filtrate in conduit (65)；
The stripping conduit (65) is communicated with backwash air inlet pipe (66) close to Airfloat filtering pond one end, and the backwash air inlet pipe (66) is remote
The side wall for passing through the Airfloat filtering pond from described stripping conduit (65) one end is connected with a blower.
12. a kind of rapidly and efficiently oil removing Airfloat filtering pond according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: on the filter material layer (63)
Side is also equipped with several wrapping wire filter pipes (67), and each wrapping wire filter pipe (67) is closed at one end, and the other end directly or after connection is worn
The locular wall of Airfloat filtering pond and it is communicated with a backwash waste pond out.
13. a kind of rapidly and efficiently oil removing Airfloat filtering pond according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: under the filter material layer (63)
Side is additionally provided with filter plate (69), and the filter plate (69) and the locular wall of the Airfloat filtering pond are affixed, and the filter plate (69) is equipped with
Several filters (68).
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110328057A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-10-15 | 北京凯特破碎机有限公司 | A kind of foam collection device of floatation equipment |
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| CN209128193U (en) * | 2018-09-15 | 2019-07-19 | 北京翰祺环境技术有限公司 | A kind of high speed degreasing unit and rapidly and efficiently oil removing Airfloat filtering pond |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110328057A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-10-15 | 北京凯特破碎机有限公司 | A kind of foam collection device of floatation equipment |
| CN110328057B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2024-04-23 | 北京凯特破碎机有限公司 | Foam collecting device of flotation equipment |
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