CN108988636A - 用于多输出功率转换器的空闲振荡检测 - Google Patents

用于多输出功率转换器的空闲振荡检测 Download PDF

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CN108988636A
CN108988636A CN201810515080.2A CN201810515080A CN108988636A CN 108988636 A CN108988636 A CN 108988636A CN 201810515080 A CN201810515080 A CN 201810515080A CN 108988636 A CN108988636 A CN 108988636A
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output
coupled
signal
discharge
idle
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CN108988636B (zh
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A·J·J·沃纳
M·巴辛
M·D·瓦特森
K·摩尔
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Power Integrations Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/285Single converters with a plurality of output stages connected in parallel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33561Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having more than one ouput with independent control
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
    • H02M1/009Converters characterised by their input or output configuration having two or more independently controlled outputs
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

一种用于在具有多个输出的功率转换器中使用的控制器,包括:放电检测电路,所述放电检测电路被耦合以从所述功率转换器的变压器绕组接收电压信号从而响应于所述电压信号输出放电信号。多输出信号处理和接口块被耦合以向输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑电路输出请求信号。输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑电路被耦合以从所述放电检测电路接收所述放电信号并且从所述多输出信号处理和接口块接收所输出的请求信号。空闲振荡检测电路被耦合到多个输出开关中的一个输出开关并且被耦合以输出空闲振荡输出信号来生成下一请求脉冲。

Description

用于多输出功率转换器的空闲振荡检测
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及反激式转换器,并且更具体地涉及具有空闲振荡(idle ring,空载振铃)检测/可见性的多输出功率转换器。
背景技术
具有多个输出和恒定电流(CC)和/或恒定电压(CV)控制的功率转换器受到关注并且被广泛使用,原因在于其在CV模式下需要多种级别的调节输出电压的应用以及在CC模式下需要受控调节电流的应用中在成本、体积和效率方面的益处。多个输出被应用于多个负载并且基于受控制和经调节的每个输出负载需求被独立地控制。
在目前开发的多输出转换器中的大多数中,只有一个输出可以被严格地调节。它们可能需要独立调节多个次级绕组和磁性组件,这会增加功率转换器的成本和尺寸。
附图说明
参考以下附图来描述本发明的非限制性和非穷尽的实施方案,其中除非另有说明,否则贯穿各个视图中的相同的附图标记指代相同的部件。
图1示出了根据本发明的教导的具有开关并且包括示例空闲振荡检测/可见性块的示例多输出功率转换器的一个示例实现方式。
图2示出了根据本发明的教导的具有晶体管并且包括示例空闲振荡检测/可见性块的示例多输出功率转换器的一个示例实现方式。
图3示出了根据本发明的教导的包括在图1或图2的功率转换器中的输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑块的一个示例实现方式。
图4示出了包括在图1或图2的功率转换器中的空闲振荡检测块的一个示例实现方式。
图5示出了根据本发明的教导的具有和不具有空闲振荡可见性的图1或图2的功率转换器的各种输入和输出信号的时序图。
图6示出了根据本发明的教导的具有和不具有空闲振荡可见性的图1或图2的功率转换器的各种输入和输出信号的示例流程图。
在附图的多个视图中,相同的附图标记表示相同的组件。本领域技术人员将认识到,附图中的元素为了简单和清晰而示出,并且不一定按比例绘制。例如,附图中的一些元素的尺寸可以相对于其他元素被放大,以帮助改进对本发明的各种实施方案的理解。而且,在商业上可行的实施方案中有用或必要的常见但公知的元素通常未被描绘,以便于较少妨碍对本公开文本的这些各种实施方案的观察。
具体实施方式
在以下描述中,阐述了很多具体细节以提供对本发明的透彻理解。然而,对于本领域普通技术人员而言明了的是,不需要采用具体细节来实施本发明。在其他情况下,为了避免模糊本发明,没有详细描述公知的材料或方法。
整个说明书中提及的“一个实施方案、“一实施方案”、“一个实施例”或“一实施例”表示结合这个实施方案或实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性被包括在本发明的至少一个实施方案中。因此,贯穿本说明书各处出现的短语“在一个实施方案中”、“在一实施方案中”、“一个实施例”或“一实施例”不一定都指同一实施方案或实施例。此外,特定特征、结构或特性可以在一个或多个实施方案或实施例中以任何合适的组合和/或子组合来组合。特定的特征、结构或特性可以被包括在集成电路、电子电路、组合逻辑电路或提供所描述的功能的其他合适的组件中。此外,应当理解,本文中提供的附图是为了向本领域普通技术人员解释的目的,并且附图不一定按比例绘制。
在本申请的上下文中,当晶体管处于“断开(OFF)状态”或“断开”时,晶体管基本上不传导电流。相反,当晶体管处于“导通(ON)状态”或“导通”时,晶体管能够基本上传导电流。作为示例,在一个实施方案中,高电压晶体管包括N沟道金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(NMOS),其中在第一端子、漏极和第二端子、源极之间承载高电压。高压MOSFET包括由集成控制器电路驱动以调节提供给负载的能量的功率开关。为了本公开文本的目的,“接地”或“接地电位”是指电子电路或集成电路(IC)的所有其他电压或电位在被定义或测量时所对照的参考电压或电位。
在多输出功率转换器的典型配置中,多个次级绕组中的每个可以经由开关(例如,晶体管)耦合到相应的输出。本领域技术人员将能够认识到,观察变压器次级电压(也称为空闲振荡)的可见性对于提高功率转换器的整体效率可能是非常有用的。通常,在对于多个输出中的每个具有独立的使能开关/二极管的多输出反激式转换器拓扑结构中,变压器次级电压通常不可见。在空闲振荡时段内,所有使能开关断开,并且变压器次级绕组仅电容耦合到输出,这妨碍了反激式空闲振荡检测和可见性。空闲振荡的不可见性可能妨碍功率转换器的“准谐振”或“谷开关”操作,这可能降低转换器效率并且因此是不期望的。
如将要讨论的,根据本发明的教导公开了一种检测和观察多输出转换器中的空闲振荡的装置和方法。更具体地,本发明的实施方案通过启用耦合到功率转换器的次级绕组的输出开关中的一个来教导检测和观察空闲振荡。
为了说明,图1描绘了根据本发明的教导的具有开关并且包括示例空闲振荡检测/可见性块的示例多输出功率转换器的一个示例实现方式。具体地,图1是示出接收输入电压VIN 102以产生多个(例如,三个)输出电压VO1 162、VO2 164和VO3 166的dc-dc功率转换器100的一个实施例的功能块图,所述多个输出电压相对于输出返回190为正。功率转换器100被示出为向负载136产生输出电压VO3 166、输出电流IO3 193。在一个实施例中,输出电压VO1162和VO2 164也可以分别以输出电流IO1 191和IO2 192被耦合以驱动负载(图1中未示出)。在ac-dc功率转换器的实施例中,dc输入电压VIN 102可以是经整流和滤波的ac输入电压。输入电压VIN 102相对于输入返回188是正的。受益于本公开文本的本领域普通技术人员可以理解,图1的功率转换器100的另一些实施方案可以包括任意数目的多个输出(“n”个数目的输出),以根据本发明的教导在多个负载处产生多个输出电压和多个输出电流。
图1的示例功率转换器100是稳压反激式转换器。如图所示,功率转换器100包括能量传递元件T1 104,该能量传递元件在反激式转换器中是耦合电感器。耦合电感器有时被称为变压器。从这里开始整个说明书中,能量传递元件T1 104可以被称为变压器。
图1被示出为包括:能量传递元件T1 104的具有NP匝的初级绕组106以及具有NS1匝的次级绕组108、具有NS2匝的次级绕组110和具有NS3匝的次级绕组112三个次级绕组、开关S1 128、输入返回188、箝位电路122、输出开关SW1 146和SW2 148、同步整流器(SR)144、二极管D2 140和D3 142、输出电容器C1 156、C2 158和C3 160、负载136、感测电路170、箝位电路122、初级控制器130、次级控制器168、以及在初级控制器130与次级控制器168之间的隔离屏障和通信134。另一些实施例可以包括用于在不同或相同的输出电压和输出电流下驱动多个负载的多个次级绕组。图1中还示出了初级电压VP 114、初级电流IP 124、初级电流感测信号194、初级驱动信号132、次级电流IS1 115、IS2 117、IS3 119以及次级电压VS1 116、VS2118和VS3 120。
如所描绘的实施例中所示,初级控制器130经由初级驱动信号132来控制初级开关S1 128以控制到次级侧的能量传递。初级控制器130还可以响应于初级电流感测信号194,所述初级电流感测信号194指示初级开关S1 128中的初级开关电流ID 126的值。可以使用本领域中采用的感测开关中的电流的多种方式中的任何一种来提供初级电流感测信号194。在另一些实施例中,初级开关S1 128可以是金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)或双极结型晶体管(BJT)或绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)或任何其他合适类型的开关。在一个实施例中,初级控制器130和初级开关S1 128可以集成在集成电路芯片中。
次级控制器168还包括输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑块174、空闲振荡检测176、放电检测电路178以及多输出信号处理和接口块。次级控制器168被耦合以从感测电路170接收反馈信号UFB 197,所述感测电路170被耦合以从多个输出中的一个输出接收输出信号UO 195。次级控制器168经由驱动信号DR_0 150控制SR 144以向多个输出传递能量。输出开关SW1 146和SW2 148也被耦合以经由驱动信号DR_1 152和DR_2 154通过次级控制器168被驱动。
放电检测电路178被耦合以经由信号FWD 138接收次级绕组电压并且被耦合以向所述输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑块174输出“放电”信号186。多输出信号处理和接口块180被耦合以向所述输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑块174输出请求信号REQ_1182和REQ_2 184,所述输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑块174还被耦合以分别向输出开关SW1 146和SW2 148输出驱动信号DR_1 152和DR_2 154。放电检测电路178被耦合以经由信号DR_0 150来控制SR 144的开关。输出开关SW1 146的第一端子耦合到次级绕组110。空闲振荡检测块176被耦合以接收FWD信号138,并且耦合到输出开关SW1 146的第二端子。
在一个实施例中,根据本发明的教导在功率转换器100的空闲时段期间,所述输出开关SW1 146被启用以观察在FWD信号138处的次级电压的空闲振荡。转换器的空闲时段可以被称为次级放电结束时间或通过次级放电结束时间来检测,所述次级放电结束时间可以通过放电检测电路178输出的“放电”信号186的低值来指示。在所示的实施例中,“放电”信号186的高值可以指示次级放电时间的开始,并且“放电”信号186的低值可以指示次级放电时间的结束。在另一些实施例中,“放电”信号186的低值可以指示次级放电时间的开始,并且“放电”信号186的高值可以指示次级放电时间的结束。在所示的实施例中,响应于次级绕组电压信号FWD 138,可以检测次级放电时间的开始和结束。在一个实施例中,FWD 138可以是耦合到次级绕组108的端子。本领域中用于计算放电时间的任何公知的方法可以用来实现放电检测电路。例如,在一个实施例中,在新的开关周期开始时,当磁性元件T1 104正在充电时,可以通过启用输出开关SW1 146或SW2 148来选择输出VO1 162或VO2 164之一。输出VO3 166可以通过不启用输出开关SW1 146或SW2 148中的任何一个来被选择。在被充电到最大电压之后,磁性元件T1 104开始放电。次级的放电开始时间可以通过放电信号DISCHARGE186的高值指示,所述放电信号导致SR 144经由DR_0 150被接通。
在一个实施例中,当次级绕组开始放电时,放电检测电路178使放电信号DISCHARGE 186为低。在放电时间结束时,输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑块使输出开关SW1 146导通以实现输出VO1 162处的空闲振荡可见性。换言之,当信号DISCHARGE 186为高时,输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑块174可以响应于请求信号REQ_1 182和REQ_2184启用开关SW1 146或SW2 148或者二者都不启用。当信号DISCHARGE 186为低时,仅开关SW1 146被启用以观察空闲振荡输出。在另一些实施例中,可以启用所述输出开关中的不止一个以观察空闲振荡。同样,在另一些实施例中,次级放电的开始可以由信号DISCHARGE186的低值指示,并且次级放电的结束可以由信号DISCHARGE 186的高值指示。在一个实施例中,信号DISCHARGE 186的高值和低值分别是逻辑高和逻辑低。
在一个实施例中,空闲振荡检测块176被耦合以接收FWD信号138和VO1_FB信号198。空闲振荡检测块176被耦合以响应于FWD信号138和VO1_FB信号198的比较而输出空闲振荡输出信号196。在一个实施例中,空闲振荡输出信号196可以被耦合为通过定时电路(未示出)被接收以生成从次级控制器168到初级控制器130的下一请求脉冲。
图2是示出类似于图1的功率转换器100的dc-dc功率转换器200的一个实施例的功能块图。功率转换器100和200之间的区别在于功率转换器200包括晶体管Q0 202代替图1的SR 144、晶体管Q1 204代替SW1 146、和Q2 206代替SW2 148。所有其他类似名称的电路元件以与图1中类似的方式耦合和工作。
对于晶体管Q0 202,其栅极被耦合以接收驱动信号DR_0 150以向多个输出传递能量。晶体管Q0 202的漏极耦合到次级绕组108的一端,并且晶体管Q0 202的源极耦合到输出返回190。类似地,晶体管Q1 204和Q2 206的栅极被耦合以通过输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑块174接收信号DR_1 152和DR_2 154。晶体管Q0 202、Q1 204和Q2 206被示出为MOSFET,但是在另一些实施例中可以是BJT或IGBT。
图3示出了输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑块300的一个示例实现方式,其可以是根据本发明的教导的包括在图1或图2中描绘的功率转换器实施例中的输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑块174的一个实施例。如图3所示,所述输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑块300包括“与”门302、304、反相器306和“或”门308。“与”门302被耦合以接收信号REQ_1 182和DISCHARGE 186。“与”门304被耦合以接收信号REQ_2 184和DISCHARGE 186。反相器306被耦合以接收信号DISCHARGE 186,并且被耦合以输出一信号NOT_DISCHARGE(不_放电)310至“或”门308的输入。“或”门308的输出被耦合以生成信号DR_1 152,所述信号DR_1 152驱动如图1所示的输出开关SW1 146或如图2所示的晶体管Q1 204。“与”门304的输出被耦合以生成信号DR_2 154,所述信号DR_2 154驱动如图2所示的输出开关SW2 148或晶体管Q2 206。
所公开的输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑的示例电路在次级充电时间期间使SW1 146(或晶体管Q1 204)或SW2 148(或晶体管Q2 206)导通,并且在次级放电时间结束时仅启用SW1 146(或晶体管Q1 204)以根据本发明的教导实现空闲振荡可见性。
图4示出了空闲振荡检测块400的一个示例实现方式,其可以是包括在图1或图2的功率转换器中的空闲振荡检测块176的一实施例。如图4所示的实施例所示,空闲振荡检测块400包括运算放大器比较器402。所述运算放大器比较器402的非反相端子被耦合以接收信号VO1_FB 198,所述信号VO1_FB 198耦合到如图1或图2中所示的输出VO1 162。运算放大器比较器402的反相端子被耦合以接收信号FWD 138。运算放大器比较器402的输出被耦合以生成空闲振荡输出196信号,该信号可以被耦合以通过定时电路(未示出)被接收以生成从次级控制器168到初级控制器130的下一请求脉冲,如图1或图2所示。在一个实施例中,空闲振荡输出196信号可以用于实现次级峰开关或初级谷开关操作。在另一些实施例中,空闲振荡输出196信号也可以用于一些其他目的。
图5示出了根据本发明的教导的具有和不具有空闲振荡可见性的图1的功率转换器100或图2的功率转换器200的各种输入和输出信号的时序图。图5中所示的波形包括REQ_1 182、REQ_2 184、FWD 138、VS1 116、DR_1 152、DR_2 154和DISCHARGE 186。如图所示,图5中示出了三个完整的开关周期TS1 526、TS2 528和TS3 530。
如在时间tX1 502处可以看出的,输出VO3 166可能由于荷载状况而请求能量。在时间tX2 504,信号FWD 138变为高,指示初级导通的开始。此时,初级开关S1 128导通,在次级绕组108中产生电流。在时间tX2 504,次级电压VS1 116变低。在时间tX3 506,次级电压VS1116和信号DISCHARGE 186变高,指示次级放电的开始。在时间tX4 508,信号FWD 138接近零,指示放电结束。在时间tX5 510处,次级控制器168使信号DR_1 152为高以使输出开关SW1146导通,所述输出开关SW1 146保持导通直到时间tX7 514。根据本发明的教导,从时间tX5510到tX6 512,空闲振荡可以被观察为信号VS1 116。
在第二开关周期TS2 528的开始处,信号FWD 138再次变高。在第二开关周期TS2528开始之后,信号REQ_2 184变高,随后在时间tX7 514处,通过使信号DR_2 154变高,次级控制器168使输出开关SW2 148导通。信号DISCHARGE 186在时间tX7 514变高,并且在tX8516变低。根据本发明的教导,在时间tX9 518,信号DR_1 152再次变高以使输出开关SW1 146导通,这实现在时间tX9 518处的VS1 116上的空闲振荡可见性直到第二开关周期TS2 528结束。
在第三开关周期TS3 530期间,响应于来自输出VO1 162的请求,输出开关SW1 144保持导通。根据本发明的教导,在时间tX11 522,DISCHARGE信号186变低并且信号DR_1 152保持高,以保持开关SW1 144导通从而实现空闲振荡可见性。
图6示出了根据本发明的教导的具有和不具有空闲振荡可见性的图1或图2的功率转换器的各种输入和输出信号的示例流程图。
在块602处开始之后,控制器可以在块604处进入空闲状态。在空闲状态结束时,可以在块606处检查新的开关周期是否开始。如果新的开关周期开始,则过程继续进行到块608。如果未开始,则过程返回到块604处的空闲状态。在块606结束时,过程进入在块608处的充电状态。在块608结束时,过程继续进行到块610。
在块610处,可以检测次级放电是否已经开始。如果是,则过程继续进行到块612。否则,过程在块608处保持在充电状态。
在块612处,可以经由输出开关SW1或SW2或不经由两者选择期望的输出。
在块614,可以接通同步整流器。在块614结束时,过程继续进行到块616。在块616处,过程进入放电状态,并且然后移动到块618。
在块618处,可以检查是否检测到放电结束。如果是,则过程移动到下一块620,否则过程移动到块616。
在块620处,可以断开SR。在块620结束时,过程移动到块622。
在块622处,可以使输出开关SW1导通以实现空闲振荡可见性。在块622结束时,过程在块604处进行到空闲状态。
过程600中的一些或全部过程块出现的顺序不应当被认为是限制性的。相反,受益于本公开文本的本领域普通技术人员将理解,一些处理块可以按照未示出的各种顺序或甚至并行地执行。
关于本发明的说明性实施例的以上描述,包括在摘要中描述的内容,不旨在是穷举的或限制于所公开的确切形式。尽管为了说明的目的而在本文中描述了本发明的具体实施方案和实施例,但是在不脱离本发明的更广泛的精神和范围的情况下,各种等同修改是可能的。实际上,可以理解,为了说明的目的提供了具体示例电压、电流、频率、功率范围值、时间等,并且根据本发明的教导,也可以在另一些实施方案和实施例中采用其他值。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于在具有多个输出的功率转换器中使用的控制器,包括:
放电检测电路,其被耦合以从所述功率转换器的变压器绕组接收电压信号,其中所述放电检测电路被耦合以响应于来自所述变压器绕组的所述电压信号输出放电信号;
多输出信号处理和接口块,其被耦合以向输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑电路输出请求信号;
输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑电路,其被耦合以从所述放电检测电路接收所述放电信号并且从所述多输出信号处理和接口块接收所输出的请求信号;以及
空闲振荡检测电路,其被耦合到多个输出开关中的一个输出开关并且被耦合以输出空闲振荡输出信号来生成下一请求脉冲。
2.根据权利要求1所述的控制器,其中所述输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑电路被耦合以响应于所述请求信号驱动所述多个输出开关。
3.根据权利要求1所述的控制器,其中所述放电检测电路被耦合以驱动耦合到所述变压器绕组的同步整流器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的控制器,其中所述输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑电路被耦合以响应于所述放电信号启用第一输出开关。
5.根据权利要求4所述的控制器,其中所述输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑电路被耦合以向所述第一输出开关的控制端子输出第一驱动信号。
6.根据权利要求1所述的控制器,其中所述输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑电路被耦合以响应于所述放电信号启用第二输出开关。
7.根据权利要求6所述的控制器,其中所述输出选择驱动和空闲振荡可见性逻辑电路被耦合以向所述第二输出开关的控制端子输出第二驱动信号。
8.根据权利要求1所述的控制器,其中所述空闲振荡检测电路还被耦合以从所述功率转换器的所述变压器绕组接收所述电压信号。
9.根据权利要求1所述的控制器,其中所述空闲振荡检测电路还被耦合以从所述多个输出开关中的所述一个输出开关的输出端子接收输出电压信号。
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