CN108981916B - Data acquisition method based on multi-channel filtering radiometer - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a data acquisition method based on a multi-channel filtering radiometer, which sequentially comprises the following steps: switching the optical filters of different wave bands through a channel switching structure; carrying out optical signal acquisition on incident light to be detected through the light path detection structure, converting the optical signal into an electric signal, and carrying out amplification and noise reduction on the electric signal; and transmitting the processed electric signal to a PC terminal or an LCD for display. The invention solves the problem that the response precision of an instrument is difficult to meet the requirement of actual measurement due to the increase of the use time of an orbit calibration device and the influence of factors such as natural environment, instrument loss and the like in the prior art, and provides a data acquisition method based on a multi-channel filtering radiometer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of satellite optical radiation detection, in particular to a data acquisition method based on a multi-channel filtering radiometer.
Background
During the in-orbit operation of the satellite optical remote sensor, the corresponding characteristics of the satellite optical remote sensor inevitably and continuously change under the influence of factors such as space environment, component aging and the like. In the last 30 years, two post-emission calibration technical means of on-orbit field calibration and on-satellite calibration are gradually and successfully implemented at home and abroad so as to periodically determine and correct the change of the response characteristic of the remote sensor. In-orbit site calibration, synchronous observation of a satellite over-calibration site and atmospheric radiation characteristics is used as a basic means, and the radiation quantity received by the load is obtained by means of an auxiliary transmission model, so that the load target is calibrated in real time. The on-orbit field calibration mainly utilizes a ground object target with stable properties in a large area range on the earth surface to realize the radiation calibration of the optical remote sensor. And when the satellite passes through the border, measuring parameters of the earth surface reflectivity and the atmospheric transmittance, and calculating the spectral radiance reaching the entrance pupil of the satellite optical remote sensor by using a radiation transmission model. The field calibration can realize absolute correction of conditions (full aperture, full field of view, full dynamic range) such as the running state of the remote sensor, can provide calibration during the whole service life of the optical remote sensor, and can carry out precision inspection on the optical remote sensor and correctness inspection on some data processing algorithm models.
Solar radiometers and surface feature spectrometers are the main devices for on-orbit calibration. The solar radiometer is mainly used for measuring solar spectrum characteristics, and can be used for measuring solar radiation with different wavelengths, space scattering, total solar radiation reflected on the ground and the like. By measuring the spectral characteristics of the direct solar radiation and the angular skylight scattering characteristics, the optical thickness of each wavelength can be obtained, and the atmospheric turbidity can be calculated. The surface feature spectrometer mainly uses solar radiation as an illumination light source, and can measure and obtain the spectral radiance of a surface feature target by using responsivity calibration data. And the reflectivity and the spectrum information of the target can be obtained by using the diffuse reflection reference plate for comparison measurement. The spectral information parameters of the BRDF direction of the ground target can be obtained by the calibrated diffuse reflection and diffusion illumination spectral information and combining the corresponding mechanical device. However, the above-mentioned devices have the influence of the increase of the using time and the factors of natural environment, instrument loss and the like, so that the response precision of the instrument is difficult to meet the requirement of actual measurement, thereby having influence on the accuracy and reliability of experimental measurement. In order to determine the working state, performance and inversion accuracy of the instrument, a data acquisition method for the instrument can be used in a laboratory, so that subsequent work can be performed, for example, the instrument is periodically calibrated, and the calibration accuracy of the instrument is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problem that the response precision of an instrument is difficult to meet the requirement of actual measurement due to the increase of the use time of an orbit calibration device and the influence of factors such as natural environment, instrument loss and the like in the prior art, and provides a data acquisition method based on a multi-channel filtering radiometer.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a data acquisition method based on multichannel filters radiometer, data acquisition system includes the integrating sphere, and the integrating sphere includes input port, output port, its characterized in that still includes channel switching structure and light path detection structure, wherein: the channel switching structure comprises a spoke brightness tube, a fixed circular plate, a filter wheel and a stepping motor which are sequentially arranged, wherein a fixed shaft is arranged on the end face of the fixed circular plate, the fixed shaft is perpendicular to the end face of the fixed circular plate and penetrates through the circle center of the fixed circular plate, the filter wheel is arranged to rotate along the fixed shaft, a first positioning hole, a second positioning hole, a third positioning hole, a fourth positioning hole, a fifth positioning hole, a sixth positioning hole, a seventh positioning hole, an eighth positioning hole, a ninth positioning hole, a tenth positioning hole, an eleventh positioning hole and a twelfth positioning hole are respectively arranged at positions on the end face of the filter wheel, which are equidistant from the fixed shaft, and optical filters are respectively arranged in the first positioning hole, the second positioning hole, the third positioning hole, the fourth positioning hole, the fifth positioning hole, the sixth positioning hole, the seventh positioning hole, the eighth positioning hole, the ninth positioning hole and the tenth positioning, a reflector is arranged in the eleventh positioning hole, a zeroth positioning hole is arranged on the end face of the fixed circular plate, the zeroth positioning hole is arranged to be equal to the first positioning hole in distance from the fixed shaft, two ends of the radiance cylinder are open, the light input end of the radiance cylinder is connected with the output port of the integrating sphere, the light output end of the radiance cylinder is connected with the zeroth positioning hole, a gear is arranged on a rotating shaft of the stepping motor, and the gear is matched with the filter wheel; the optical path detection structure comprises a metal shielding cylinder, the metal shielding cylinder surrounds the fixed circular plate, the metal shielding cylinder extends along the direction of keeping away from the integrating sphere, a photoelectric detector and an operational amplifier are arranged inside the metal shielding cylinder, the photoelectric detector is arranged on one surface of the optical filter wheel away from the fixed circular plate, the photosensitive input end of the photoelectric detector is arranged on the connecting line of the first locating hole and the zeroth locating hole, the output end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the in-phase input end of the operational amplifier, and the method sequentially performs the following steps:
A. switching the optical filters of different wave bands by a channel switching structure, setting an included angle between each optical filter to be 30 degrees, adopting a stepping motor with a stepping angle of 7.5 degrees, rotating the stepping motor to enable a reflector on an optical filter wheel to allow incident light to enter, and calibrating a zero point of the stepping motor;
B. moving the stepping motor at a constant speed, changing the position of the optical filter once every 4 times of a cycle, and enabling the optical filters of all wave bands on the optical filter wheel to respectively align with incident light;
C. the method comprises the following steps of carrying out optical signal acquisition on incident light to be detected in real time through an optical path detection structure, converting an optical signal into an electric signal, and carrying out amplification and noise reduction treatment on the electric signal;
D. and transmitting the processed electric signal to a PC terminal or an LCD for display.
And furthermore, a data acquisition method based on a multi-channel filtering radiometer is characterized in that in the step B, a silicon photodiode is used for carrying out optical signal acquisition on incident light to be detected, and the optical signal is converted into an electric signal.
Further, in the data acquisition method based on the multi-channel filtering radiometer, the electric signals are amplified through the operational amplifier in the step B.
And further, in the step C, the output end of the operational amplifier is output to a PC end or an LCD for display through an RS-232 line.
Further, the data acquisition method based on the multi-channel filtering radiometer is characterized in that the temperature ranges of the step A and the step B are-20 ℃ to 60 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. when the on-orbit calibration equipment performs on-orbit field calibration and synchronously observes the satellite over-calibration field and atmospheric radiation characteristics, the invention collects and obtains the radiation quantity received by the load and realizes the real-time calibration of the load target.
2. The invention solves the problem that the accuracy of the response of the instrument is difficult to meet the requirement of actual measurement due to the increase of the use time of the rail calibration equipment and the influence of factors such as natural environment, instrument loss and the like, thereby influencing the accuracy and reliability of experimental measurement.
3. The invention can determine the working state, performance and inversion accuracy of the rail calibration equipment, and can perform subsequent work, such as periodic calibration of the instrument and improvement of the calibration accuracy of the instrument, aiming at the data acquisition device of the instrument in a laboratory.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a second detailed view of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
1-integrating sphere, 11-input port, 12-output port, 2-radiance cylinder, 21-light input port, 22-field diaphragm, 23-aperture diaphragm, 24-focusing lens, 25-light output port, 3-fixed circular plate, 31-zeroth positioning hole, 32-fixed shaft, 4-filter wheel, 41-first positioning hole, 42-second positioning hole, 43-third positioning hole, 44-fourth positioning hole, 45-fifth positioning hole, 46-sixth positioning hole, 47-seventh positioning hole, 48-eighth positioning hole, 49-ninth positioning hole, 410-tenth positioning hole, 411-eleventh positioning hole, 412-twelfth positioning hole, 5-stepping motor, 51-gear, 6-metal shielding cylinder, 7-a photoelectric detector, 8-an operational amplifier, 9-a bracket, 101-a horizontal moving platform and 102-a vertical moving platform.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the data acquisition device based on the multi-channel filter radiometer includes an integrating sphere 1, the integrating sphere 1 includes an input port 11, an output port 12, a channel switching structure and an optical path detection structure, wherein: the channel switching structure comprises a spoke brightness tube 2, a fixed circular plate 3, a filter wheel 4 and a stepping motor 5 which are sequentially arranged, wherein a fixed shaft 32 is arranged on the end face of the fixed circular plate 3, the fixed shaft 32 is perpendicular to the end face of the fixed circular plate 3 and penetrates through the circle center of the fixed circular plate 3, the filter wheel 4 is arranged to rotate along the fixed shaft 32, a first positioning hole 41, a second positioning hole 42, a third positioning hole 43, a fourth positioning hole 44, a fifth positioning hole 45, a sixth positioning hole 46, a seventh positioning hole 47, an eighth positioning hole 48, a ninth positioning hole 49, a tenth positioning hole 410, an eleventh positioning hole 411 and a twelfth positioning hole 412 are respectively arranged at positions, which are equidistant from the fixed shaft 32, on the end face of the filter wheel 4, and the first positioning hole 41, the second positioning hole 42, the third positioning hole 43, the fourth positioning hole 44, the fifth positioning hole 45, the sixth positioning hole 46, the eleventh, Filters are respectively arranged in a seventh positioning hole 47, an eighth positioning hole 48, a ninth positioning hole 49 and a tenth positioning hole 410, a reflector is arranged in the eleventh positioning hole 411, a zeroth positioning hole 31 is arranged on the end surface of the fixed circular plate 3, the zeroth positioning hole 31 is arranged to be equal to the first positioning hole 41 in distance from the fixed shaft 32, two ends of the radiance tube 2 are open, the light input end 21 of the radiance tube 2 is connected with the output port 12 of the integrating sphere 1, the light output end 25 is connected with the zeroth positioning hole 31, a gear 51 is arranged on the rotating shaft of the stepping motor 5, and the gear 51 is matched with the filter wheel 4; the light path detection structure includes a metal shielding cylinder 6, and the metal shielding cylinder 6 centers on fixed plectane 3 sets up, and the metal shielding cylinder 6 extends along the direction of keeping away from integrating sphere 1, inside photoelectric detector 7, the operational amplifier 8 of setting up of metal shielding cylinder 6, photoelectric detector 7 sets up the one side of keeping away from fixed plectane 3 at filter wheel 4, photoelectric detector 7's photosensitive input sets up on the line of first locating hole 41 and zeroth locating hole 31, photoelectric detector 7's output is connected with operational amplifier 8's in-phase input end. In order to improve the light flux during light path collection, based on a data collection device of a multi-channel filtering radiometer, a light input end 21, a field diaphragm 22, an aperture diaphragm 23, a focusing lens 24 and a light output end 25 are sequentially arranged in the radiance cylinder 2. The field diaphragm 22 and the aperture diaphragm 23 ensure that the light emitted from the object point in the field can pass through the whole light path without being blocked as long as the light passes through the aperture diaphragm 23. And a focusing lens 24 is added behind the diaphragm, so that the energy can be better received. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the photoelectric detector 7 and improve the stability, the photoelectric detector 7 adopts a silicon photodiode based on a data acquisition device of a multi-channel filtering radiometer. The silicon photodiode with smaller NEP can improve the signal-to-noise ratio and reduce noise. In order to enhance the light intensity precision on the acquisition light path, the field diaphragm 22 and the aperture diaphragm 23 are made of beryllium-copper alloy materials based on a data acquisition device of a multi-channel filtering radiometer. The field diaphragm 22 and the aperture diaphragm 23 are made of beryllium copper with small linear expansion coefficient, so that the measurement error of the light flux of incident light caused by diaphragm deformation is effectively prevented. In order to further improve the accuracy of data acquisition, the data acquisition device based on the multichannel optical filtering radiometer is characterized in that a heat dissipation device is arranged in the metal shielding cylinder 6 and comprises a heat dissipation copper sheet and a fan, the heat dissipation copper sheet is in contact with the photoelectric detector 7, and the shape of the measured transmittance curve can be directly influenced due to the fact that the light beam deviates from the vertical direction by a large angle, so that the curve shape is seriously deformed, and the change of the environment temperature also influences the transmittance measurement curve of the optical filter. When the temperature rises, the central wavelength shifts to the long wave direction; when the temperature reduces, central wavelength drifts to the shortwave direction, and photoelectric detector 7 is direct to be in the same place with the contact of heat dissipation copper sheet, increase and the area of contact of environment, and the rethread fan is bloied, and increase air cycle dynamics for the temperature when surveying is stabilized on a certain temperature. In order to prevent the influence of environmental factors on the transmittance during light collection, based on the data collection device of the multi-channel filter radiometer, sealing glass sheets are arranged in front and at the back of the optical filters in the first positioning hole 41, the second positioning hole 42, the third positioning hole 43, the fourth positioning hole 44, the fifth positioning hole 45, the sixth positioning hole 46, the seventh positioning hole 47, the eighth positioning hole 48, the ninth positioning hole 49 and the tenth positioning hole 410. The front and the back of the optical filter are provided with glass sheets for sealing, so that the influence of environmental factors such as dust, humidity and the like on the transmittance of the optical filter is prevented. Further, in the data acquisition device based on the multi-channel filtering radiometer, the stepping motor 5 is an eccentric stepping motor. The rotation of the filter is triggered by the stepping motor 5, and the use of the eccentric stepping motor has advantages in that the rotation of the filter wheel 4 can be achieved with only a small torque, and the rotation accuracy of the motor can be reduced by increasing the rotation step. In order to facilitate the adjustment of the incident light position, based on a data acquisition device of a multi-channel filter radiometer, a bracket 9 is arranged below the metal shielding cylinder 6, and a moving platform is arranged below the bracket 9, and the moving platform comprises a horizontal moving platform 101 and a vertical moving platform 102. When the output port 12 of the integrating sphere 1 deviates from the position of the radiation optical cylinder, adjustment correction can be performed by moving the stage.
According to the invention, in the process of switching and applying the optical filters with different wavelengths to the radiation quantity acquisition through the channel switching structure, the stepping motor 5 is controlled according to the required wavelength to align the optical filters with different wave bands on the acquisition light path, and meanwhile, the optical signal is converted into an electric signal through the light path detection structure to be output, so that the acquisition process of the radiation quantity data is completed, and technicians can acquire the radiation quantity received by the load through acquisition, thereby realizing the real-time calibration of the load target.
Example 2
In addition to embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 3, optical filters are respectively disposed in the first positioning hole 41, the second positioning hole 42, the third positioning hole 43, the fourth positioning hole 44, the fifth positioning hole 45, the sixth positioning hole 46, the seventh positioning hole 47, the eighth positioning hole 48, the ninth positioning hole 49, and the tenth positioning hole 410, a mirror is disposed in the eleventh positioning hole 411, and the filter wheel 4 includes 10 optical filters, 1 blank sheet, and 1 mirror sheet, wherein the blank sheet is used for measuring the background, and the mirror sheet is used for zero point positioning of the filter wheel 4. Therefore, the included angle between each optical filter is 30 degrees, the stepping motor 5 with the stepping angle of 7.5 degrees is adopted to drive the optical filter wheel 4 to rotate, the motor adopts P542-M481U-G11L82, and the basic technical parameters are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 basic parameters of stepping motors
| Step angle | 7.5° |
| Holding torque | 100Ncm |
| Rated voltage | 5VDC |
| Rated current | 550mA |
| Impedance of each phase | 9.1Ω |
The driving circuit is simple, and the driving circuit can be driven by adopting a Darlington tube ULN2003 in the prior art.
The filter wavelength bands of the 10 filters are shown in Table 2
TABLE 2 Filter band of filters
The 10 filters are placed on the filter wheel in turn to determine the relative position of each filter, and the field diaphragm 22 and the aperture diaphragm 23 are arranged in the radiance cylinder 2. The rotation of the optical filter is triggered and driven by an eccentric stepping motor, as shown in fig. 3, which has the advantages that the rotation of the rotating wheel can be realized by using a small torque, the rotation precision of the motor can be reduced by increasing the rotation step distance, and the front window of the optical filter is sealed by a thin glass sheet to prevent the influence of environmental factors such as dust, humidity and the like on the transmittance of the optical filter. The field diaphragm 22 and the aperture diaphragm 23 are made of beryllium copper with small linear expansion coefficient. The photoelectric detector 7 combines a radiating copper sheet and a fan to refrigerate. The stepping motor 5 is controlled to rotate the filter of the wave band to be measured to align with the radiance tube 2 according to the wave band to be measured, optical information received by the residual wave band after filtering is detected by the photoelectric detector 7 and converted into electric information, the electric information is amplified by the operational amplifier 8 and then output to a PC (personal computer) end or an LCD (liquid crystal display) through an RS-232 line for display, and subsequent calibration processing is carried out. The photoelectric detector 7 is responsible for the measurement of a plurality of wave bands, the radiation energy of different wave bands has larger difference, the dynamic range is larger, and therefore, the operational amplifier 8 is added to amplify small signal wave bands. The bias current of the operational amplifier 8 is much smaller than the minimum signal current detected, so a low noise FET input amplifier is used. The operational amplifier 8 was an ADI electrometer amplifier ADA4530, the basic parameters of which are shown in the table. And ADI provides detailed application circuit solutions (see ADA4530-1R-EBZ User Guide UG-865), even including layout wiring of circuit boards.
TABLE 3 Performance parameters of operational amplifiers
| Parameter(s) | ADA4530 |
| Bias current | <1fA(20fA max) |
| Offset current | <1fA(20fA max) |
| Bias voltage | 8uV |
| Input voltage noise | 80nV/Hz |
| Noise of input current | 0.07fA/Hz |
| Power supply rejection ratio | 150dB |
| Operating voltage | 4.5～16V(±2.5～±10V) |
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The data acquisition method based on the multichannel filtering radiometer is characterized in that the data acquisition system comprises an integrating sphere (1), the integrating sphere (1) comprises an input port (11) and an output port (12), and further comprises a channel switching structure and a light path detection structure, wherein: the channel switching structure comprises a spoke brightness cylinder (2), a fixed circular plate (3), an optical filter wheel (4) and a stepping motor (5) which are sequentially arranged, wherein a fixed shaft (32) is arranged on the end face of the fixed circular plate (3), the fixed shaft (32) is perpendicular to the end face of the fixed circular plate (3) and penetrates through the circle center of the fixed circular plate (3), the optical filter wheel (4) is arranged to rotate along the fixed shaft (32), and a first positioning hole (41), a second positioning hole (42), a third positioning hole (43), a fourth positioning hole (44), a fifth positioning hole (45), a sixth positioning hole (46), a seventh positioning hole (47), an eighth positioning hole (48), a ninth positioning hole (49), a tenth positioning hole (410), an eleventh positioning hole (411), a fifth positioning hole (45), a sixth positioning hole (46), a seventh positioning hole (47), an eighth positioning hole (48), a ninth positioning hole (49), a twelfth positioning hole (412), wherein optical filters are respectively arranged in the first positioning hole (41), the second positioning hole (42), the third positioning hole (43), the fourth positioning hole (44), the fifth positioning hole (45), the sixth positioning hole (46), the seventh positioning hole (47), the eighth positioning hole (48), the ninth positioning hole (49) and the tenth positioning hole (410), a reflector is arranged in the eleventh positioning hole (411), a zeroth positioning hole (31) is arranged on the end surface of the fixed circular plate (3), the zeroth positioning hole (31) is arranged to be equal to the distance from the first positioning hole (41) to the fixed shaft (32), the two ends of the radiance tube (2) are open, the light input end (21) of the radiance tube (2) is connected with the output port (12) of the integrating sphere (1), and the light output end (25) is connected with the zeroth positioning hole (31), a gear (51) is arranged on a rotating shaft of the stepping motor (5), and the gear (51) is matched with the filter wheel (4); the light path detection structure comprises a metal shielding cylinder (6), wherein the metal shielding cylinder (6) surrounds a fixed circular plate (3) and extends along the direction away from the integrating sphere (1), a photoelectric detector (7) and an operational amplifier (8) are arranged inside the metal shielding cylinder (6), the photoelectric detector (7) is arranged on one surface of the filter wheel (4) away from the fixed circular plate (3), the photosensitive input end of the photoelectric detector (7) is arranged on the connecting line of a first positioning hole (41) and a zeroth positioning hole (31), the output end of the photoelectric detector (7) is connected with the in-phase input end of the operational amplifier (8), and the method sequentially performs the following steps:
A. switching the optical filters of different wave bands by a channel switching structure, setting an included angle between each optical filter to be 30 degrees, adopting a stepping motor with a stepping angle of 7.5 degrees, rotating the stepping motor to enable a reflector on an optical filter wheel to allow incident light to enter, and calibrating a zero point of the stepping motor;
B. moving the stepping motor at a constant speed, changing the position of the optical filter once every 4 times of a cycle, and enabling the optical filters of all wave bands on the optical filter wheel to respectively align with incident light;
C. the method comprises the following steps of carrying out optical signal acquisition on incident light to be detected in real time through an optical path detection structure, converting an optical signal into an electric signal, and carrying out amplification and noise reduction treatment on the electric signal;
D. and transmitting the processed electric signal to a PC terminal or an LCD for display.
2. The data acquisition method based on the multi-channel filter radiometer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step B, the incident light to be detected is subjected to optical signal acquisition by a silicon photodiode, and the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrical signal is amplified in step B by an operational amplifier.
4. The data acquisition method based on the multi-channel filter radiometer according to claim 1, wherein in step C, the output of the operational amplifier is outputted to PC or LCD through RS-232 line.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperatures for steps a and B are in the range of-20 ℃ to 60 ℃.
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| CN109900655A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-06-18 | 合肥九天卫星科技有限公司 | Optical thickness spectromonitor for satellite calibration |
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| CN102253594B (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2013-04-24 | 北京凌云光视数字图像技术有限公司 | Platform for testing performance of camera based on EMVA1288 standard |
| US20140340680A1 (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2014-11-20 | Labsphere, Inc. | Apparatus and method for mobile device camera testing |
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