CN108978200A - 一种用于抗污和抗结冰的超疏水和灌注润滑液光滑型织布的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于抗污和抗结冰的超疏水和灌注润滑液光滑型织布的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于抗污和抗结冰的超疏水和灌注润滑液光滑型织布的制备方法。该方法包括织物的前处理，氧化锌纳米棒的生长，低表面能物质的修饰以及灌注润滑液等步骤。该研究通过控制织布上氧化锌的生长和修饰剂的修饰来实现超疏水表面，但实现超双疏仍有困难，灌注润滑液后却能达到对油的排斥，且超疏水织布在液相浸泡中会失去超疏水性能，但灌注型光滑织布却能很好的保持其润湿性能。此外，这两种织布在拒水和抗石墨粉污染中均有很好的应用，但灌注性光滑织布在抗油污、抗结冰以及除冰中的应用更具有优势。本发明制备工艺简单，可控易得，稳定性强，适合大面积制备和应用，既适用于日常生活中的应用，同时也适用于抗污和抗结冰等工业领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于超疏水和灌注性光滑织布制备技术领域，特别涉及在液相浸泡稳定的可用于抗污和抗结冰的灌注性光滑织布的制备方法。
背景技术
超疏水和超滑现象在自然界存在广泛，如水滴在荷叶上不会粘附在表面而是容易成圆滴状滚落下来，是因为其典型的微纳复合结构和蜡质涂层形成稳定的气-液界面层，而在猪笼草表面的微观粗糙结构可储存水形成一层润滑水膜，使得昆虫容易在开口处滑落而掉入消化系统。仿荷叶的超疏水材料和仿猪笼草的灌注性光滑表面在抗污自清洁和抗结冰防雾等方面均有巨大的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种简单、方便的工业化生产超疏水和灌注润滑液光滑型织布的方法，解决了超疏水材料压力稳定性差，高湿低温下对水滴的粘附力大的问题。通过简单的方法制备了具有在液相和酸碱溶液中稳定的、耐高湿、耐低温的灌注润滑液型光滑织布，获得的超疏水和灌注润滑液型光滑织布在抗污和抗结冰中也有一定的应用潜能。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是：一种用于抗污和抗结冰的超疏水和灌注润滑液光滑型织布的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1，织布的前处理：称量乙酸锌加入甲醇中并加热搅拌，溶解后加入乙醇胺混合，形成透明溶液后冷却至室温，然后称取上述溶液混合物分别加入亲水型硅烷偶联剂KH550，搅拌混合后加入超声清洗后的织布，浸泡5min后取出在100℃晾干备用；
2，纳米氧化锌的生长：配制等浓度的硝酸锌和氢氧化钾水溶液，等体积混合后搅拌30min得到氧化锌生长溶液，将前处理后的织布垂直放入上述生长液中，在95℃油浴中反应8h，常温下放置12h，从而完成纳米氧化锌的生长；
3，低表面能物质修饰：将步骤2中的织布取出，反复用蒸馏水冲洗然后干燥处理，即可得超亲水织布；之后将织布浸入全氟辛酸乙醇溶液中24h获得超疏水性能；将织布取出，用无水乙醇洗涤后在真空干燥箱60℃干燥，完成超疏水织布的制备；
4，灌注润滑液：滴入全氟聚醚Krytox100让其在织布表面任意铺展，完全湿润后垂直挂起5min后得到灌注性光滑表面。
进一步地，前处理溶液中乙酸锌和乙醇胺的浓度均为0.75mol/L.
进一步地，添加的硅烷偶联剂KH550与前处理溶液的比率分别为2w％。
进一步地，超疏水织布的生长溶液中，硝酸锌水溶液和氢氧化钾的浓度为0.025mol/L。
进一步地，超疏水织布的修饰中，全氟辛酸乙醇溶液的浓度为0.005mol/L。
本发明的有益效果是：与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
1.工艺简单，原料易得，成本低廉；
2.制备的超疏水和超亲水织布具有良好的耐磨性，化学稳定性，耐热性和耐紫外性能；
3.制备的超疏水织物具有超疏水/超亲油性，水的接触角大于150°，滚动角小于10°，油的接触角约为0°，灌注润滑液光滑型织物对水的接触角122°，滑动角为12.53°。
4.该超疏水和灌注润滑液型光滑织布可用于抗污和抗结冰应用。
5.该超润湿织布机械强度大，可反复使用，使用寿命长。
附图说明
图1：实施例1、2所得从超亲水到超疏水、再到灌注润滑液型织布的制备流程示意图；
图2：实施例1、2所得超疏水和灌注润滑液型光滑织布对不同溶液(水、茶、咖啡、牛奶、氯苯)的润湿情况；
图3：超亲水、超疏水和灌注润滑液型织布的扫描电镜图片；
图4：实施例1所得图a为超疏水织布上水滴的滚动，实施例2所得图b为灌注润滑液型织布上液滴的滑落
图5：实施例1所得的超疏水织布和实施例2所得的灌注润滑液型织布在盐酸、氢氧化钠、氯化钠、轻油和重油中浸泡2h后润湿性；
图6：超疏水和灌注润滑液型光滑织布对水、石墨粉水溶液、氯苯的抗污测试；
图7：超疏水和灌注润滑液型光滑织布在结冰和解冰中的测试。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明，下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容，但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样在本申请所列权利要求书限定范围之内。
实施例1：
1，织布的前处理：称量0.75mol/L乙酸锌加入50mL甲醇中并加热搅拌，溶解后加入0.75mol/L乙醇胺混合，形成透明溶液后冷却至室温。然后称取上述溶液20g分别加入2wt％疏水型硅烷偶联剂KH550，搅拌混合后加入超声清洗后的织布，浸泡5min后取出在100℃晾干备用。
2，纳米氧化锌的生长：配制0.025mol/L的硝酸锌和0.025mol/L氢氧化钾水溶液，各取50mL混合后搅拌30min得到氧化锌生长溶液,将前处理后的织布垂直放入上述生长液中，在95℃油浴中反应8h，常温下放置12h，从而完成纳米氧化锌的生长。
3，低表面能物质修饰：将步骤2中的织布取出，反复用蒸馏水冲洗然后干燥处理。之后将织布浸入0.005mol/L全氟辛酸乙醇溶液中2h，用无水乙醇洗涤后在真空干燥箱60℃干燥获得超疏水织布。
实施例2：
1，织布的前处理：称量0.75mol/L乙酸锌加入50mL甲醇中并加热搅拌，溶解后加入0.75mol/L乙醇胺混合，形成透明溶液后冷却至室温。然后称取上述溶液20g分别加入2wt％疏水型硅烷偶联剂KH550，搅拌混合后加入超声清洗后的织布，浸泡5min后取出在100℃晾干备用。
2，纳米氧化锌的生长：配制0.025mol/L的硝酸锌和0.025mol/L氢氧化钾水溶液，各取50mL混合后搅拌30min得到氧化锌生长溶液,将前处理后的织布垂直放入上述生长液中，在95℃油浴中反应8h,常温下放置12h,从而完成纳米氧化锌的生长。
3，低表面能物质修饰：将步骤2中的织布取出，反复用蒸馏水冲洗然后干燥处理。之后将织布浸入0.005mol/L全氟辛酸乙醇溶液中2h，用无水乙醇洗涤后在真空干燥箱60℃干燥获得超疏水织布。
4，灌注润滑液：滴入全氟聚醚Krytox100让其在织布表面任意铺展，完全湿润后垂直挂起5min后得到灌注性光滑表面。
本发明着眼于设计和制备超疏水和灌注润滑液型织布能的织布，对于在酸碱盐、油相浸泡下的润湿性进行了考察和研究，并应用于抗石墨粉和油污以及抗结冰的研究。本发明包括织物的前处理，氧化锌纳米棒的生长，低表面能物质的修饰以及灌注润滑液等步骤。该研究通过控制织布上氧化锌的生长和修饰剂的修饰来实现超疏水表面，但实现超双疏仍有困难，灌注润滑液后却能达到对油的排斥，且超疏水织布在液相浸泡中会失去超疏水性能，但灌注型光滑织布却能很好的保持其润湿性能。此外，这两种织布在拒水和抗石墨粉污染中均有很好的应用，但灌注性光滑织布在抗油污、抗结冰以及除冰中的应用更具有优势。本发明制备工艺简单，可控易得，稳定性强，适合大面积制备和应用，既适用于日常生活中的应用，同时也适用于抗污和抗结冰等工业领域。
最后应当说明的是，以上内容仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对本发明保护范围的限制，本领域的普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案进行的简单修改或者等同替换，均不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于抗污和抗结冰的超疏水和灌注润滑液光滑型织布的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1，织布的前处理：称量乙酸锌加入甲醇中并加热搅拌，溶解后加入乙醇胺混合，形成透明溶液后冷却至室温，然后称取上述溶液混合物分别加入亲水型硅烷偶联剂KH550，搅拌混合后加入超声清洗后的织布，浸泡5min后取出在100℃晾干备用；
2，纳米氧化锌的生长：配制等浓度的硝酸锌和氢氧化钾水溶液，等体积混合后搅拌30min得到氧化锌生长溶液，将前处理后的织布垂直放入上述生长液中，在95℃油浴中反应8h，常温下放置12h，从而完成纳米氧化锌的生长；
3，低表面能物质修饰：将步骤2中的织布取出，反复用蒸馏水冲洗然后干燥处理，即可得超亲水织布；之后将织布浸入全氟辛酸乙醇溶液中24h获得超疏水性能；将织布取出，用无水乙醇洗涤后在真空干燥箱60℃干燥，完成超疏水织布的制备；
4，灌注润滑液：滴入全氟聚醚Krytox100让其在织布表面任意铺展，完全湿润后垂直挂起5min后得到灌注性光滑表面。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于抗污和抗结冰的超疏水和灌注润滑液光滑型织布的制备方法，其特征在于：前处理溶液中乙酸锌和乙醇胺的浓度均为0.75mol/L。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于抗污和抗结冰的超疏水和灌注润滑液光滑型织布的制备方法：添加的硅烷偶联剂KH550与前处理溶液的比率分别为2w％。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于抗污和抗结冰的超疏水和灌注润滑液光滑型织布的制备方法：超疏水织布的生长溶液中，硝酸锌水溶液和氢氧化钾的浓度为0.025mol/L。
5.如权利要求1所述的用于抗污和抗结冰的超疏水和灌注润滑液光滑型织布的制备方法：超疏水织布的修饰中，全氟辛酸乙醇溶液的浓度为0.005mol/L。
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