CN108977626A - The laser quenching on steam turbine blade surface and ageing treatment composite strengthening method - Google Patents
The laser quenching on steam turbine blade surface and ageing treatment composite strengthening method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108977626A CN108977626A CN201810958364.9A CN201810958364A CN108977626A CN 108977626 A CN108977626 A CN 108977626A CN 201810958364 A CN201810958364 A CN 201810958364A CN 108977626 A CN108977626 A CN 108977626A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention is to provide a kind of laser quenchings on steam turbine blade surface and ageing treatment composite strengthening method.Laser quenching is carried out to thermoelectricity steam turbine blade surface, carries out ageing treatment later, the laser quenching uses rectangular light spot.The present invention carries out laser quenching to thermoelectricity steam turbine blade surface, ageing treatment is carried out later, the surface hardening layer with certain depth and hardness can be obtained while keeping metal centre hardness and toughness not change, improve the hardness of metal surface, prevent it is erodible etc..The present invention has simple process, easy to operate, at low cost, high-efficient technical characterstic, is suitable for the surface peening of blade of aviation engine, gas turbine blades and steam turbine blade.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of metal surface treatment technologies, and in particular to one kind is used for thermoelectricity steam turbine blade table
The laser quenching of surface strengthening and ageing treatment compound technology.
Background technique
The safe operation of blade is directly related to the safe operation of unit, and thermoelectricity steam turbine low-pressure final stage moving blade is wet
It works under steam condition, the leading edge of condensing water droplet and final stage moving blade in steam is constantly hit, and blade is caused to generate
Water erosion, therefore it is required that last stage vane of steam turbine leading edge has certain hardness and liquid impact erosion resistance, and strengthening layer will have one
Fixed depth.As steam turbine power parameter increases, final blade length increases and molded line curvilinear motion is big, rushes to blade waterproof
The technical requirements index of erosion is higher and higher.Therefore, blade surface reinforcement process is particularly important.
Currently, the surface intensified technique of domestic steam turbine low-pressure final stage moving blade mostly uses brazing hard alloy technique, this
It is outer that there are also the surface intensified techniques such as electrospark impregnation, thermal spraying.There are complex process (to need subsequent for traditional surface strengthening technology
Machining), the limitations such as hardened layer, higher cost low with the bond strength of blade, it is tired that simultaneous sacrifices blade-section
Labor strength character[1].It in recent years, is the novel surface processing technique of representative in power device blade using laser surface intensified technique
On obtain application[2].Especially using Siemens as the offshore company of representative, vapour is handled using laser surface treating technology
Turbine low-pressure final stage moving blade makes blade leading edge surface obtain the water erosion resistent strengthening layer of certain depth, one fixed width.Germany is not
Labor grace Hough (Fraunhofer) research institute is directed to final stage turbo blade metal, develops a kind of selective meter by laser assisted
Surface strengthening technology (technical detail is detailed in 2002/0074066 A1 of patent US)[3], after realizing flash annealing to assist by laser
Continuous ageing treatment, realizes selective meter's surface strengthening；In order to improve workpiece heating speed, the technology is before laser treatment in workpiece table
One layer of coating (about 100 μ m-thick) for having higher absorption efficiency to laser is coated on face, surface intensified technique, which further comprises, finally to be adopted
Surface covering is removed with bead method, increases process and cost.Therefore, it is necessary to develop good strengthening effect, simple process,
Blade surface reinforcement technique method at low cost.Laser surface hardening is one kind of surface hardening technology, compared with traditional technology,
Its tissue height obtained refinement deforms small, versatile, easy to operate, can keep material while improving water erosion resistent ability
The toughness of material is constant, is the main direction of development of the following blade waterproof etching technique[4-8].But traditional laser heating quenching technology,
It is repeatedly overlapped in need of work, will affect processing hardness and surface quality.Not through laser quenching treated blade surface performance
Height, depth of hardening zone is smaller, and laser surface intensified effect also needs solution strengthening[9]Continue to improve.In conjunction with turbine blade
The characteristics of stainless steel metal precipitation-hardenable[10-11], can be strengthened by the method for timeliness, and " solid solution+timeliness " can for when
The precipitation of precipitated phase provides power during effect[12]。
Open source literature related to the present invention includes:
[1] flat last stage vane of steam turbine surface waterproofing loses treatment process and develops [J] sufacing recklessly, and 2008,37
(6):78-80.
[2] Yao Jianhua, Yu Chunyan, Kong Fanzhi wait the laser alloying and laser quenching [J] power work of turbine blade
Journey journal, 2007,27 (4): 652-656；
[3]Brenner B,Tietz F.Process for producing wear-resistant edge layers
in precipitation-hardenable materials:US,US6511559[P].2003；
[4]Yao J,Zhang Q,Kong F,et al.Laser hardening techniques on steam
turbine blade and application[J].Physics Procedia,2010,5:399-406；
[5]Chen Z,Zhou G,Chen Z.Microstructure and hardness investigation of
17-4PH stainless steel by laser quenching[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,
2012,534(2):536-541；
[6]Preece C M,Draper C W.The effect of laser quenching the surfaces
of steels on their cavitation erosion resistance[J].Wear,1981,67(3):321-328；
[7] Zhejiang Wang Liang martensitic precipitation turbine blade laser compound processing mechanism study [D] work
Sparetime university is learned, and 2009；
[8]Yu Y.Impact of Different Cooling Methods to Laser-quenching of
Steel 17-4PH[J].Journal of Shanghai Electric Technology,2016；
[9] Ye Shihao, Yao Jianhua, Lou Chenghua wait the laser surface solid solution craft of .17-4PH stainless steel to study [J] application
Laser, 2010,30 (6): 465-469；
[10] Ageing Precipitaton Products [J] steel of husky dimension Maraging steel, 1994 (11): 47-51；
[11]Dong H,Esfandiari M,Li X Y.On the microstructure and phase
identification of plasma nitrided 17-4PH precipitation hardening stainless
steel[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2008,202(13):2969-2975；
[12]Zha X Q,Han H M,Xie Y L,et al.Pitting Corrosion Resistance of
0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb Martensitic Stainless Steel and Influence of Microstructure[J]
.Development&Application of Materials,2012。
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind can be improved steam turbine blade surface hardness, increase case depth,
It is not in laser quenching and the ageing treatment composite strengthening method on the steam turbine blade surface of center toughness decline problem.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: carrying out laser quenching to thermoelectricity steam turbine blade surface, carries out later
Ageing treatment, the laser quenching use rectangular light spot.
The present invention may also include:
1. the laser power of the laser quenching is 2000~4000W, movement speed is 200~1000mm/min, described
Rectangular light spot is having a size of 26mm × 3.33mm.
2. the wavelength of laser beam is 1064nm.
3. the technological parameter of the ageing treatment are as follows: when 6~9h long, 400~600 DEG C of ageing treatments.
4. thermoelectricity steam turbine blade metal described in is the precipitation-hardenable martensite using 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb as representative
Chrome-nickel steel, after laser quenching is handled, metal surface tissue is lath martensite；Carry out ageing treatment after, metal it is micro-
Mainly phase composition is precipitated by martensite, a small amount of retained austenite and partly precipitated in tissue, and wherein martensite is with typical lath-shaped
Disorder distribution is mostly separated by continuously deforming retained austenite between lath.
In order to strengthen thermoelectricity steam turbine blade surface, the laser assisted system of hardness and the controllable design of hardening depth is obtained
Water erosion resistent strengthening layer is made, realizes that mass laser treatment, the present invention are having developed dedicated for thermoelectricity steam turbine blade table
The laser quenching of surface strengthening and the complex technique of ageing treatment.The main object of the present invention is to solve existing steam turbine leaf
The problems such as piece surface hardness is insufficient, case depth is inadequate, the decline of existing reinforcement process bring center toughness.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention carries out laser quenching to thermoelectricity steam turbine blade surface, carries out later
Ageing treatment, can be while keeping metal centre hardness and toughness not change, and obtaining has certain depth and hardness
Surface hardening layer, improve the hardness of metal surface, prevent it is erodible etc..
The laser quenching technology is under certain laser power, and laser head is on turbine blade surface with a constant speed
Degree movement, obtains the quench-hardened case with certain depth and higher hardness on surface, while keeping the hardness of material center portion and tough
Property.
The ageing treatment technology carries out after laser quenching, can be in the same of the plasticity and toughness for guaranteeing material internal
When, surface hardness is further increased, the depth of hardening zone and heat affected area is influenced.
Of the invention laser quenching and ageing treatment complex technique for the surface peening of thermoelectricity steam turbine blade, through swashing
After photoquenching processing, the tissue of metal surface is lath martensite；Then carry out ageing treatment, the microscopic structure of metal material
Phase composition is mainly precipitated by martensite, a small amount of retained austenite and partly precipitated.Wherein martensite is unordered with typical lath-shaped
It is distributed, is mostly separated by continuously deforming retained austenite between lath.
After the processing of the laser surface hardening of high power, low velocity, material surface obtains highest microhardness, influences
Area's hardness number range is 320~400HV, maximum hardness 400HV, compared with matrix average hardness increase about 80HV, depth of hardening zone
About 0.7mm.
After ageing treatment, material surface obtains highest microhardness, and surface hardness value range is 470~510HV,
Heat affected zone hardness value range is 320~430HV, maximum hardness 510HV, compared with the state increase about 130HV after laser treatment,
Compared with matrix average hardness increase about 210HV, the range of heat affected area, which extends, to be increased, by the about 0.7mm after laser treatment deepen to
About 1.8mm.
Illustrate main technical principle of the invention and master with " 2002/0074066 A1 of US " from the following aspects
It distinguishes:
(1) present invention uses optical shaping mode, the uniform rectangular light spot of Energy distribution is formed, in the area that beam spot scans are crossed
In domain, pan section Energy distribution is formed, therefore, there is no do not heat on layer depth direction between every a time of laser heating
Area, metal laser heating surface absorb energy be it is identical, the tissue and performance of metal works are excellent.
(2) just because of the method for using optical shaping in the present invention, the rectangular laser of 26mm × 3.33mm is formd
Spot width, much larger than the circular light spot that laser used in existing (2002/0074066 A1 of US) is diameter 11.9mm.Its
The area that every inswept laser of a time is inswept greatly improves, to improve surface peening efficiency.
(3) present invention uses wavelength 1064nm laser beam, which only has (2002/0074066 A1 of US) wavelength
1/10th, the laser of such a shorter wavelength is very beneficial for absorption of the metal to laser energy, therefore the heating of blade
High-efficient, speed is fast.It does not need to coat absorbing material in advance, can directly carry out Laser Surface Treatment.So this patent process letter
Easily, at low cost, it is high-efficient, it is suitable for industrialized production.
(4) and existing (2002/0074066 A1 of US) is different, since the present invention uses the lesser laser beam of wavelength, has
Conducive to blade surface to laser absorption, heating efficiency with higher, the present invention does not need to carry out coating material to blade surface
Pre-treatment.After certain Laser Surface Treatment, do not need to remove pretreated coating using any subsequent technique (such as shot-peening) yet, to
Subsequent ageing treatment can be carried out after laser surface hardening.Technical process is greatly shortened, reduce cost, improve efficiency and
Benefit.
Illustrate main the principles of science of the invention from the following aspects:
1. geneva volume density increases: the essence of Laser Surface Treatment is laser quenching and laser solid solution.In laser quenching
Cheng Zhong, laser can act in the very thin layer region of workpiece surface, and generated high temperature makes surface layer temperature rapid increase to cause difficult to understand
Family name's body temperature, the temperature of metal material center portion remains unchanged at this time.Work as laser beam away, metal heat conduction between matrix and surface layer
Effect will lead to metal material rapid cooling, material itself occurs self-quench hardening and obtains tiny martensitic structure.Therefore, exist
Under reasonable technological parameter, laser surface hardening can refine martensitic structure, highdensity martensite be obtained, so as to cause blade
The performance on surface layer improves.The principle is handled with having the laser assisted being previously mentioned in (2002/0074066 A1 of US) to realize admittedly
The purpose of molten annealing (solution annealing treatment) is different.
2. alloying element is dissolved: bringing the effect of alloying element solid solution while Laser Surface Treatment.In martensitic chromium
In nickel steel, carbon content is lower, and the alloying element contents such as Cr, Ni, Cu are higher.Laser bring heat promotes atom fast vibration,
The diffusion velocity of atom is promoted with the rank of index, much higher than the diffusion velocity of conventional solid solution processing.The alloy of high temperature layer
Element is dissolved, and obtains supersaturated solid solution, realizes the effect of solution strengthening.
3. precipitation-hardening: the essence of the subsequent further strengthening material of ageing treatment is ageing strengthening, and mechanism is that precipitated phase is hard
Change.Since the martensitic chromium nickel steel phosphorus content of precipitation-hardenable is low, and the alloying element contents such as Cr, Ni, Cu are higher.Therefore carbon
Solution strengthening effect is unobvious, needs to separate out further reinforcing by alloying element precipitated phase in ageing treatment.Through laser
After solution treatment, alloying element is enriched with to form supersaturated solid solution in metal surface, NbC, M23C6, the dependent precipitations such as ε-Cu mutually exist
It obtains under heating appropriate and heat-retaining condition and is precipitated to the greatest extent, and with tiny disperse phase formal distribution in tissue, band
Carry out apparent strengthening effect.Early period laser treatment due to depth of interaction it is shallow so that the enrichment and solid solution of alloying element exist only in
Surface layer forms the gradient of histological difference and element solid solution distribution in metal materials, so that in subsequent ageing treatment, precipitating
Hardening significantly acts on surface layer, and the hardening effect of center portion is not very obvious, and the hardness and toughness of center portion are maintained.
After complex technique is handled, under the action of above-mentioned three kinds of principles, the highest hardness that material obtains is 510HV, heat
Zone of influence depth is 1.8mm；(highest hardness 480HV, heat affected area are deep for the technical effect of existing (2002/0074066 A1 of US)
Degree 1.4mm) it cannot achieve the effect that complex technique in the present invention.And in prior art, it is contemplated that case depth is mainly by
The laser solution annealing processing of one step is determined, has no influence of the subsequent ageing treatment to hardened layer and heat affected area depth, with
Ageing treatment keeps the depth down of heat affected area significantly different in the present invention.
Laser surface hardening technology of the present invention acts on the coating region of blade surface, improves surface layer gold
Belong to tissue, improves the hardness on surface layer, while centre hardness and toughness are unaffected.Rapid cooling after laser surface hardening causes
Alloying component it is non-equilibrium, provide sufficient power for the precipitation of subsequent ag(e)ing process precipitated phase.Therefore to entire blade
Ageing treatment is carried out, the hardness on surface layer can occur significantly to improve, and the hardness of blade center portion is still without significant change.It is such compound
Technology is compared with the traditional method, and can effectively be kept the performances such as the hardness of script material center portion, and can significantly improve tissue, be made fire
The surface of electric steam turbine blade obtains apparent strengthening effect.When due to laser surface hardening, designed quenching technical is not
It will lead to blade and surface melting occur, the shape and size of blade do not change, and the surface smoothness of blade is small
Change the machining without the later period.Therefore, the present invention has simple process, easy to operate, at low cost, high-efficient technology
Feature is suitable for the surface peening of blade of aviation engine, gas turbine blades and steam turbine blade.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is blade alloy through laser quenching treated surface layer metallographic structure.
Fig. 2 is surface layer metallographic structure of the blade alloy after laser quenching and ageing treatment.
Fig. 3 is that the microhardness after blade alloy and different disposal changes figure line.
Specific embodiment
It illustrates below and the present invention is described in more detail.
Step 1, with the laser beam heats blade table of the fixation spot size of 2000~4000W power, 26mm × 3.33mm
The wavelength in face, laser beam is 1064nm, and laser quenching head is moved with the speed of 200~1000mm/min along blade surface, edge
Metal surface is surface-treated by passage.It analyzes by contrast, laser power is bigger, and laser traverse speed is slower, metal surface
Quenching effect is more obvious, and the microhardness on surface layer is promoted higher.It, can when using the laser in combination parameter of high power, low velocity
Obtain maximum Surface hardened layer effect and the hardened layer with certain depth, at the same the hardness of center portion compared with basis material without bright
Aobvious variation.Fig. 1 is blade alloy through laser quenching treated surface layer metallographic structure, it is seen that in the lath-shaped geneva of disorder distribution
Body.
Step 2, will treated that metal material is placed in heat-treatment furnace carries out at subsequent timeliness through laser surface hardening
Reason sets aging temperature and soaking time.It analyzes by contrast, reasonable aging technique (6~9h, 400~600 DEG C) can
Surface layer microhardness is significantly improved, the depth of hardening zone and heat-treatment zone is influenced.When using ageing treatment under the range temperature simultaneously
When carrying out certain time heat preservation, it can get maximum surface hardness and promoted, case depth also obtains more apparent diffusion, while the heart
The hardness in portion is without significant change.Fig. 2 is surface layer metallographic structure of the blade alloy after laser quenching and ageing treatment, it is seen that is in allusion quotation
The disorder distribution lath martensite of type, is separated by the retained austenite of continuous modification.
Fig. 3 is the microhardness variation figure line after blade alloy and different disposal, it is seen that through laser surface hardening rear blade
There is certain thickness quench-hardened case in surface layer；Through subsequent aging strengthening model, surface hardness is obviously improved, and heat affected area range expands
Exhibition is obvious.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of laser quenching on steam turbine blade surface and ageing treatment composite strengthening method, it is characterized in that: being steamed to thermoelectricity
Turbine blade surface carries out laser quenching, carries out ageing treatment later, and the laser quenching uses rectangular light spot.
2. the laser quenching on steam turbine blade surface according to claim 1 and ageing treatment composite strengthening method,
Be characterized in: the laser power of the laser quenching is 2000~4000W, movement speed is 200~1000mm/min, the rectangle
Spot size is 26mm × 3.33mm.
3. the laser quenching on steam turbine blade surface according to claim 2 and ageing treatment composite strengthening method,
Be characterized in: the wavelength of laser beam is 1064nm.
4. the laser quenching on steam turbine blade surface according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 and ageing treatment complex intensifying side
Method, it is characterized in that: the technological parameter of the ageing treatment are as follows: when 6~9h long, 400~600 DEG C of ageing treatments.
5. the laser quenching on steam turbine blade surface according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 and ageing treatment complex intensifying side
Method, it is characterized in that: the thermoelectricity steam turbine blade metal is the precipitation-hardenable geneva using 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb as representative
Body chrome-nickel steel, after laser quenching is handled, metal surface tissue is lath martensite；After carrying out ageing treatment, metal is shown
Mainly phase composition is precipitated by martensite, a small amount of retained austenite and partly precipitated in micro-assembly robot, and wherein martensite is with typical lath
Shape disorder distribution is mostly separated by continuously deforming retained austenite between lath.
6. the laser quenching on steam turbine blade surface according to claim 4 and ageing treatment composite strengthening method,
Be characterized in: the thermoelectricity steam turbine blade metal is the precipitation-hardenable martensitic chromium using 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb as representative
Nickel steel, after laser quenching is handled, metal surface tissue is lath martensite；After carrying out ageing treatment, micro- group of metal
Knit mainly by martensite, a small amount of retained austenite and partly precipitated be precipitated phase composition, wherein martensite with typical lath-shaped without
Sequence is distributed, and is mostly separated by continuously deforming retained austenite between lath.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111607688A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-09-01 | 温州大学 | Method for laser phase change hardening of surface of shot blasting machine blade |
| CN113278768A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-20 | 丹阳宏图激光科技有限公司 | Laser quenching process for improving depth of laser quenching layer |
| CN114790507A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-07-26 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Steam turbine blade and method of strengthening the same |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111607688A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-09-01 | 温州大学 | Method for laser phase change hardening of surface of shot blasting machine blade |
| CN114790507A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-07-26 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Steam turbine blade and method of strengthening the same |
| CN113278768A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-20 | 丹阳宏图激光科技有限公司 | Laser quenching process for improving depth of laser quenching layer |
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