CN112609068B - Composite strengthening method for improving stress corrosion resistance of light alloy - Google Patents

Composite strengthening method for improving stress corrosion resistance of light alloy Download PDF

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CN112609068B
CN112609068B CN202011433481.7A CN202011433481A CN112609068B CN 112609068 B CN112609068 B CN 112609068B CN 202011433481 A CN202011433481 A CN 202011433481A CN 112609068 B CN112609068 B CN 112609068B
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刘麟
李京
李辰宇
刘文明
刘雪东
张智宏
彭剑
陈普宽
刘成文
方亮
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Abstract

A composite strengthening method for improving stress corrosion resistance of light alloy relates to the technical field of metal material surface strengthening. The method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating the surface of a light alloy sample; (2) carrying out pulsed magnetic field treatment on the pretreated light alloy sample; (3) carrying out cryogenic laser shot blasting on the light alloy sample obtained by the pulsed magnetic field treatment; (4) removing residues on the surface of the deep cooling laser shot blasting strengthened light alloy sample, and placing the sample in an alcohol solution for ultrasonic cleaning; (5) performing ion implantation on the surface of the light alloy sample subjected to ultrasonic cleaning; (6) and carrying out surface rolling strengthening treatment on the light alloy sample after ion implantation. The method can introduce high-amplitude residual compressive stress on the surface layer of the light alloy sample to form a nanocrystalline and deformation twin crystal structure, and simultaneously form a compact passivation layer with high bonding strength on the surface layer of the sample, thereby further improving the stress corrosion resistance of the light alloy.

Description

Composite strengthening method for improving stress corrosion resistance of light alloy
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material surface strengthening, in particular to a composite strengthening method for improving stress corrosion resistance of a light alloy.
Background
The light alloy has the characteristics of low density, high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, petrochemical industry, oceans, ships, energy power and the like. In a severe working environment, although the passivation layer on the surface of the light alloy can prevent the corrosion reaction of the matrix, the light alloy is at risk of being damaged in acid-base environments and the like, and particularly when various factors such as corrosion, stress and the like interact, stress corrosion cracking is easy to occur, so that the service life of the light alloy material is greatly shortened. According to incomplete statistics, among all the corrosion and mechanical failure failures of the plant, the failure caused by stress corrosion accounted for 14%, while in all the corrosion incidents, stress corrosion accounted for 23.9%. Therefore, the improvement of the stress corrosion resistance of the light alloy has important engineering significance.
Aiming at the problem of stress corrosion of light alloy structural members, scholars at home and abroad also make a great deal of research. For example, (1) the stress corrosion resistance of the light alloy is improved by depositing a passivation coating on the surface of the light alloy through a magnetron sputtering technology, but the passivation coating has poor capability of resisting severe environments such as high temperature, alternating load and the like, and the wide application of inhibiting stress corrosion cracking by utilizing the passivation coating is limited. (2) The ion implantation surface modification technology is a technology of ionizing one or more elements, accelerating the elements in an accelerating electric field, and finally injecting the elements into the surface of a target at a high speed. The ion implantation technology can change the surface chemical composition and microstructure of the material, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of the material surface. However, the influence layer of ion implantation is shallow, which limits the wide application of ion implantation to strengthen the stress corrosion resistance of the light alloy. (3) As a novel deformation strengthening technology, laser shot blasting has the outstanding advantages of high pressure, high energy, ultrahigh strain rate and the like, inhibits fatigue crack initiation and expansion by changing surface microstructures and inducing high-amplitude surface layer residual compressive stress, and is one of the most effective methods for prolonging the service life of parts. However, the laser peening induced strengthening effect has a rapid relaxation effect under severe service conditions such as high temperature and cyclic load. Therefore, the development of the stress corrosion resistant composite strengthening process has important engineering practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a composite strengthening method for improving the stress corrosion resistance of the light alloy, which adopts a method combining pulsed magnetic field treatment, deep cooling laser shot peening strengthening, ion implantation and surface rolling strengthening, introduces high-amplitude residual compressive stress on the surface layer of a light alloy sample to form a nanocrystalline and deformation twin structure, and simultaneously forms a compact passivation layer on the surface layer of the sample to further improve the stress corrosion resistance of the light alloy.
The technical scheme is as follows: a composite strengthening method for improving stress corrosion resistance of a lightweight alloy comprises the following steps:
grinding and polishing the surface of a light alloy sample, then putting the light alloy sample into an alcohol solution for ultrasonic cleaning, and finally putting the light alloy sample into a vacuum drying oven for later use;
performing pulsed magnetic field treatment on the pretreated light alloy sample, on one hand, improving the stress distribution of the light alloy sample by utilizing the plastic deformation induced by the pulsed magnetic field, improving the overall structural performance, on the other hand, enhancing the carbon atom precipitation driving force and promoting the precipitation of the strengthening phase ultrafine carbide;
performing cryogenic laser shot peening strengthening treatment on the light alloy sample subjected to the pulsed magnetic field treatment to enable the high-strength laser energy to induce the dislocation structure to interact with the carbide precipitated in the step two, improving the dislocation density, promoting the grain refinement, and accelerating the formation of surface deformation twin crystals of the light alloy sample;
removing residues on the surface of the deep cooling laser shot blasting strengthened light alloy sample, and placing the sample in an alcohol solution for ultrasonic cleaning;
ion implantation is carried out on the surface of the light alloy sample after ultrasonic cleaning, on one hand, the dynamic process of ion infiltration is promoted by utilizing the grain refinement induced by the deep cooling laser shot blasting in the step three, and the uniformity of the ion distribution implanted on the surface of the light alloy sample is improved; on the other hand, the high-speed impact action of ion implantation ions is utilized to promote the grain structure on the outer surface of the implanted light alloy sample to be further refined to an amorphous structure, and a passivation film layer is formed;
performing surface rolling strengthening treatment on the light alloy sample after ion implantation, on one hand, improving the ion infiltration power, promoting the further diffusion of ions and accelerating the further formation of a passivation layer; on the other hand, the plastic deformation induced by surface rolling is utilized to achieve the purposes of finishing and strengthening.
Preferably, the light alloy in the first step is magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy or tungsten alloy.
Preferably, the process parameters of the pulsed magnetic field treatment in the second step are as follows: the magnetic induction is 1T, 3T, 5T or 7T, and the pulse number is 10, 50 or 100.
Preferably, the process parameters of the deep cooling laser shot peening in the third step are as follows: the deep cooling temperature range is-130 to-196 ℃, the laser pulse width is 5 to 20 ns, and the laser power density is 4.4 to 13.2 GW/cm2The diameter of a laser spot is 0.5-2 mm, the lap joint rate of the laser spot is 10% -75%, the laser energy absorption layer is an aluminum foil with the thickness of 50-100 mu m, and the laser energy restraint layer is water, K9 glass or sapphire glass.
Preferably, the ion implantation environment in the fifth step is vacuum, and the vacuum degree is 6 × 10-4 ~1.7×10-3Pa, the accelerating voltage of ion implantation is 20-40 kV, the beam current is 0.1 mA, the implantation time is 0.5-3 h, and the implantation dosage is 7.5 multiplied by 1016 ~ 4.5×1017 ions/cm2The implanted elements of the ion implantation are Cu ions, Cr ions or N ions, and the purity of the ion source is more than 99.9%.
Preferably, the surface rolling strengthening process parameters in the sixth step are as follows: the rolling pressure is 200-2000N, the rolling speed is 1-5 m/min, and the rolling frequency is 1-10.
Has the advantages that: (1) the invention combines the respective advantages of strengthening processes such as pulsed magnetic field treatment, cryogenic laser shot peening strengthening, ion implantation, surface rolling strengthening and the like, and provides a composite strengthening method for improving the stress corrosion resistance of light alloy, wherein, a) the pulsed magnetic field treatment improves the stress distribution of a light alloy sample, improves the overall structure performance, enhances the carbon atom precipitation driving force and promotes the precipitation of ultrafine carbides on the one hand; b) the deep cooling laser shot blasting treatment enables high-strength laser energy to induce the dislocation structure to interact with precipitated carbide, improves the dislocation density, promotes the formation of nano-crystals, and accelerates the formation of a deformation twin crystal structure on the surface of the light alloy sample; c) the high-speed impact action of the injected ions promotes the grain structure on the outer surface of the injected light alloy sample to be further refined to nanocrystalline, and a passivation film layer is formed; d) on one hand, the surface rolling improves the power of ion penetration, promotes the further diffusion of ions, accelerates the further formation of a passivation layer and simultaneously plays the roles of finishing and strengthening.
(2) The method can introduce high-amplitude residual compressive stress into the surface layer of the light alloy sample to form a nanocrystalline and deformation twin crystal structure, and meanwhile, a passivation layer formed on the surface layer of the sample has good compactness and higher bonding strength with a matrix, so that the stress corrosion resistance of the light alloy is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
A composite strengthening method for improving the stress corrosion resistance of a lightweight alloy, which is shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
(1) taking an AZ31 magnesium alloy sample as a research object, grinding and polishing, then placing the sample in an alcohol solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 15min, and finally placing the sample in a vacuum drying oven for later use.
(2) Carrying out pulse magnetic field treatment on the pre-treated AZ31 magnesium alloy sample, wherein the magnetic induction intensity of a pulse magnetic field is 1T, and the pulse number is 100; on one hand, the stress distribution of the AZ31 magnesium alloy sample is improved, the overall structure performance is improved, on the other hand, the solute atom precipitation driving force is enhanced, and the precipitation of a strengthening phase is promoted.
(3) Carrying out deep cold laser shot peening strengthening on the AZ31 magnesium alloy sample subjected to the pulsed magnetic field treatmentProcessing, namely enabling a high-strength laser energy induced dislocation structure to interact with the strengthening phase precipitated in the step (2), improving the dislocation density and promoting the grain refinement of the surface of the AZ31 magnesium alloy sample; wherein the cryogenic temperature of the cryogenic laser shot peening strengthening is-150 ℃, the laser pulse width is 20 ns, and the laser power density is 4.4 GW/cm2The diameter of a laser spot is 1 mm, the lap joint rate of the laser spot is 50%, the laser energy absorption layer is an aluminum foil with the thickness of 50 microns, and the laser energy restraint layer is K9 glass;
(4) removing aluminum foil and K9 glass remained on the surface of the deep cooling laser shot peening AZ31 magnesium alloy sample, and placing the sample in an alcohol solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 10 min;
(5) performing ion implantation on the surface of an AZ31 magnesium alloy sample subjected to ultrasonic cleaning, wherein the implanted elements are Cu ions with the purity of more than 99.9%, the ion implantation environment is vacuum, and the vacuum degree is 1.2 multiplied by 10-3Pa, accelerating voltage of 20 kV for ion implantation, beam current of 0.1 mA, implantation time of 2 h, and implantation dose of 3 × 1017 ions/cm2On one hand, the dynamic process of ion penetration is promoted by utilizing the grain refinement induced by the deep-cooling laser shot peening in the step (3), and the uniformity of the distribution of the injected ions on the surface of the AZ31 magnesium alloy sample is improved; on the other hand, the high-speed impact action of ion implantation ions is utilized to promote the grain structure on the outer surface of the implanted AZ31 magnesium alloy sample to further refine the nanocrystalline structure and form a passivation film layer;
(6) performing surface rolling strengthening treatment on the AZ31 magnesium alloy sample subjected to ion implantation in the step (5), wherein the rolling force is 1000N, the rolling speed is 1 m/min, and the rolling times are 5 times; on one hand, the power of ion penetration is improved, the further diffusion of ions is promoted, and the further formation of a passivation layer is accelerated; on the other hand, the plastic deformation induced by surface rolling is utilized to achieve the purposes of finishing and strengthening.
Adopting WDML-3 type tensile stress corrosion tester with the strain rate of 1 multiplied by 10-5 s-1The etching solution was 5wt.% NaCl + 0.5wt.% CH3COOH + 0.5wt.%HCl +94 wt.% H2The stress corrosion characteristics of the AZ31 magnesium alloy specimens were tested in a room temperature environment of O, as shown in table 1. Results tableObviously, compared with an untreated sample, the tensile strength of the AZ31 magnesium alloy sample treated by the method is improved by 11.5%, and the breaking time is prolonged by 4.5 h.
TABLE 1 comparison of mechanical Properties of differently treated samples
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Example 2
A composite strengthening method for improving stress corrosion resistance of light alloy, which is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
(1) taking a TC21 titanium alloy sample as a research object, grinding and polishing, then placing the titanium alloy sample in an alcohol solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 20 min, and finally placing the titanium alloy sample in a vacuum drying oven for standby.
(2) Performing pulse magnetic field treatment on the pretreated TC21 titanium alloy sample, wherein the magnetic induction intensity of a pulse magnetic field is 3T, and the pulse number is 50; on one hand, the stress distribution of the TC21 titanium alloy sample is improved, the overall structure performance is improved, on the other hand, the solute atom precipitation driving force is enhanced, and the precipitation of a strengthening phase is promoted.
(3) Performing cryogenic laser shot peening strengthening treatment on the TC21 titanium alloy sample subjected to the pulsed magnetic field treatment, so that a high-strength laser energy induced dislocation structure interacts with the strengthening phase precipitated in the step (2), the dislocation density is improved, and the grain refinement of the surface of the TC21 titanium alloy sample is promoted; wherein the cryogenic temperature of the cryogenic laser shot peening strengthening is-130 ℃, the laser pulse width is 10 ns, and the laser power density is 8.8 GW/cm2The diameter of a laser spot is 2 mm, the lap joint rate of the laser spot is 75%, the laser energy absorption layer is an aluminum foil with the thickness of 80 microns, and the laser energy restraint layer is sapphire glass.
(4) Removing aluminum foil and sapphire glass remained on the surface of the cryogenic laser shot peening TC21 titanium alloy sample, and placing the sample in an alcohol solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 10 min.
(5) Performing ion implantation on the surface of an ultrasonically cleaned TC21 titanium alloy sample, wherein the implanted elements are Cr ions with the purity of more than 99.9%, and the ion implantation environment is vacuum and the vacuum degree isIs 1.5X 10-3Pa, accelerating voltage of 20 kV for ion implantation, beam current of 0.1 mA, implantation time of 3 h, and implantation dose of 4.5 × 1017 ions/cm2On one hand, the dynamic process of ion penetration is promoted by utilizing the grain refinement induced by the deep-cooling laser shot peening in the step (3), and the uniformity of the distribution of the injected ions on the surface of the TC21 titanium alloy sample is improved; on the other hand, the high-speed impact effect of ion implantation ions is utilized to promote the grain structure of the outer surface of the implanted TC21 titanium alloy sample to be further refined to be a nanocrystalline structure, and a passivation film layer is formed.
(6) Performing surface rolling strengthening treatment on the TC21 titanium alloy sample subjected to ion implantation in the step (5), wherein the rolling pressure is 2000N, the rolling speed is 3 m/min, and the rolling frequency is 5 times; on one hand, the power of ion penetration is improved, the further diffusion of ions is promoted, and the further formation of a passivation layer is accelerated; on the other hand, the plastic deformation induced by surface rolling is utilized to achieve the purposes of finishing and strengthening.
The strain rate of the WDML-3 type tensile stress corrosion tester is 1.5 multiplied by 10-5 s-1The etching solution was 5wt.% NaCl + 0.5wt.% CH3COOH + 0.5wt.%HCl +94 wt.% H2The stress corrosion characteristics of the TC21 titanium alloy coupons were tested in a room temperature environment of O as shown in table 2. The result shows that compared with the untreated sample, the tensile strength of the TC21 titanium alloy sample treated by the method is improved by 10.6%, and the breaking time is prolonged by 7.2 h.
TABLE 2 comparison of mechanical Properties of differently treated samples
Figure 776470DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Example 3
A composite strengthening method for improving stress corrosion resistance of light alloy, which is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
(1) taking a 7075 aluminum alloy sample as a research object, grinding and polishing, then placing the sample in an alcohol solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 15min, and finally placing the sample in a vacuum drying oven for later use.
(2) Performing pulsed magnetic field treatment on the pretreated 7075 aluminum alloy sample, wherein the magnetic induction intensity of a pulsed magnetic field is 5T, and the pulse number is 50; on one hand, the stress distribution of the light alloy sample is improved, the overall structure performance is improved, on the other hand, the driving force of solute atom precipitation is enhanced, and the precipitation of a strengthening phase is promoted.
(3) Performing cryogenic laser shot peening strengthening treatment on the 7075 aluminum alloy sample subjected to the pulsed magnetic field treatment to enable a high-strength laser energy induced dislocation structure to interact with the strengthening phase precipitated in the step (2), so that the dislocation density is improved, and the grain refinement of the surface of the 7075 aluminum alloy sample is promoted; wherein the cryogenic temperature of the cryogenic laser shot peening strengthening is-130 ℃, the laser pulse width is 20 ns, and the laser power density is 11.0 GW/cm2The diameter of the laser spot is 2 mm, the lap joint rate of the laser spot is 50%, the laser energy absorption layer is an aluminum foil with the thickness of 60 mu m, and the laser energy restraint layer is water.
(4) Removing residual aluminum foil and water on the surface of the 7075 aluminum alloy test sample strengthened by the deep cooling laser shot blasting, and placing the 7075 aluminum alloy test sample in an alcohol solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 15 min.
(5) Performing ion implantation on the surface of the 7075 aluminum alloy sample subjected to ultrasonic cleaning, wherein the implanted elements are N ions with the purity of more than 99.9%, the ion implantation environment is vacuum, and the vacuum degree is 9 multiplied by 10-4Pa, accelerating voltage of 40 kV for ion implantation, beam current of 0.1 mA, implantation time of 1 h, and implantation dose of 1.5 × 1017 ions/cm2On one hand, the dynamic process of ion penetration is promoted by utilizing the grain refinement induced by the deep-cooling laser shot peening in the step (3), so that the uniformity of the distribution of injected ions on the surface of the 7075 aluminum alloy sample is improved; on the other hand, the high-speed impact action of ion implantation ions is utilized to promote the grain structure of the outer surface of the implanted 7075 aluminum alloy sample to be further refined to a nanocrystalline structure, and a passivation film layer is formed.
(6) Performing surface rolling strengthening treatment on the 7075 aluminum alloy sample subjected to ion implantation in the step (5), wherein the rolling pressure is 2000N, the rolling speed is 5 m/min, and the rolling frequency is 10 times; on one hand, the power of ion penetration is improved, the further diffusion of ions is promoted, and the further formation of a passivation layer is accelerated; on the other hand, the plastic deformation induced by surface rolling is utilized to achieve the purposes of finishing and strengthening.
The strain rate of the WDML-3 type tensile stress corrosion tester is 2.0 multiplied by 10-5 s-1The etching solution was 5wt.% NaCl + 0.5wt.% CH3COOH + 0.5wt.%HCl +94 wt.% H2The 7075 aluminum alloy coupons were tested for stress corrosion characteristics in a room temperature environment of O, as shown in table 3. The results show that compared with the untreated sample, the 7075 aluminum alloy sample treated by the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the tensile strength is improved by 11.5%, and the breaking time is prolonged by 6.8 h.
TABLE 3 comparison of mechanical Properties of differently treated samples
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Comparative example 1
Taking AZ31 magnesium alloy as an example, the sample is firstly treated with deep cooling laser shot peening and then is implanted with N ions. Wherein the cryogenic temperature of the cryogenic laser shot peening strengthening is-150 ℃, the laser pulse width is 20 ns, and the laser power density is 4.4 GW/cm2The diameter of a laser spot is 1 mm, the lap joint rate of the laser spot is 50%, the laser energy absorption layer is an aluminum foil with the thickness of 50 microns, and the laser energy restraint layer is K9 glass; performing ion implantation on the surface of the AZ31 magnesium alloy sample subjected to deep cooling laser shot blasting treatment, wherein the implanted elements are Cu ions with the purity of more than 99.9%, the ion implantation environment is vacuum, and the vacuum degree is 1.2 multiplied by 10-3Pa, accelerating voltage of 20 kV for ion implantation, beam current of 0.1 mA, implantation time of 2 h, and implantation dose of 3 × 1017 ions/cm2. Adopting WDML-3 type tensile stress corrosion tester with the strain rate of 1 multiplied by 10-5 s-1The etching solution is 5wt.% NaCl + 0.5wt.% CH3COOH + 0.5wt.%HCl +94 wt.% H2And testing the stress corrosion characteristics of the AZ31 magnesium alloy sample in the room temperature environment of O. The result shows that after deep cooling laser shot blasting and Cu ion implantation, the tensile strength of the AZ31 magnesium alloy sample is 268 MPa, the fracture time is 13.2 h, and the stress corrosion resistance is obviously lower than that of the sample treated by the method.
The examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A composite strengthening method for improving stress corrosion resistance of a lightweight alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
grinding and polishing the surface of a light alloy sample, then putting the light alloy sample into an alcohol solution for ultrasonic cleaning, and finally putting the light alloy sample into a vacuum drying oven for later use;
and step two, performing pulsed magnetic field treatment on the pretreated light alloy sample, wherein the process parameters of the pulsed magnetic field treatment are as follows: the magnetic induction is 1T, 3T, 5T or 7T, and the pulse number is 10, 50 or 100;
thirdly, performing cryogenic laser shot peening strengthening treatment on the light alloy sample subjected to the pulsed magnetic field treatment, wherein the process parameters of the cryogenic laser shot peening strengthening are as follows: the deep cooling temperature range is-130 to-196 ℃, the laser pulse width is 5 to 20 ns, and the laser power density is 4.4 to 13.2 GW/cm2The diameter of a laser spot is 0.5-2 mm, the lap joint rate of the laser spot is 10% -75%, the laser energy absorption layer is an aluminum foil with the thickness of 50-100 mu m, and the laser energy restraint layer is water, K9 glass or sapphire glass;
removing residues on the surface of the deep cooling laser shot blasting strengthened light alloy sample, and placing the sample in an alcohol solution for ultrasonic cleaning;
fifthly, performing ion implantation on the surface of the light alloy sample subjected to ultrasonic cleaning, wherein the ion implantation environment is vacuum and the vacuum degree is 6 multiplied by 10-4 ~1.7×10-3Pa, the accelerating voltage of ion implantation is 20-40 kV, the beam current is 0.1 mA, the implantation time is 0.5-3 h, and the implantation dosage is 7.5 multiplied by 1016 ~ 4.5×1017 ions/cm2The implanted elements of the ion implantation are Cu ions, Cr ions or N ions, and the purity of the ion source is more than 99.9 percent;
and step six, carrying out surface rolling strengthening treatment on the light alloy sample after ion injection, wherein the process parameters of the surface rolling strengthening are as follows: the rolling pressure is 200-2000N, the rolling speed is 1-5 m/min, and the rolling frequency is 1-10.
2. The composite strengthening method for improving the stress corrosion resistance of a lightweight alloy according to claim 1, wherein the lightweight alloy in the first step is a magnesium alloy, a titanium alloy, an aluminum alloy or a tungsten alloy.
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CN115418473A (en) * 2022-08-12 2022-12-02 河南科技大学 Processing method for carrying out laser shot peening strengthening on bearing surface
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