CN113699491A - Method for preparing tungsten-infiltrated composite coating - Google Patents

Method for preparing tungsten-infiltrated composite coating Download PDF

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CN113699491A
CN113699491A CN202111016279.9A CN202111016279A CN113699491A CN 113699491 A CN113699491 A CN 113699491A CN 202111016279 A CN202111016279 A CN 202111016279A CN 113699491 A CN113699491 A CN 113699491A
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tungsten
carbon steel
explosion
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coating
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CN113699491B (en
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陆磊
张明铭
余玖明
付青峰
邹晋
廖先金
张林伟
陆德平
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Institute of Applied Physics of Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
    • C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/48—Ion implantation

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of metal material coating preparation, and provides a method for preparing a tungsten-infiltrated composite coating. The method comprises the following steps: polishing the material, wherein the roughness of the surface of the treated material is 2.5-3.5; the material is treated by adopting a pulse type explosion-plasma technology, a tungsten rod is used as a positive electrode when the material is treated by adopting the pulse type explosion-plasma technology, the power is 12-18kW when the material is treated by adopting the pulse type explosion-plasma technology, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the material is 40-60mm, and the impact frequency of the pulse type explosion treatment is 2-10 times/second. According to the invention, while the coating is prepared on the surface of the material, a tungsten infiltration layer can be formed in the material, so that a composite structure coating is formed, the surface hardness of the material is greatly improved compared with that before the material is not treated, and the friction and wear resistance of the surface of the material is obviously improved.

Description

Method for preparing tungsten-infiltrated composite coating
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material coating preparation, in particular to a method for preparing a tungsten-infiltrated composite coating.
Background
With the continuous development of science and technology, the requirements on the wear resistance of parts are higher and higher. In order to enhance the hardness and wear resistance of the component, a coating is typically formed on the surface of the component, wherein tungsten is a relatively common material for forming the coating.
Metal tungsten is a refractory metal, has high strength and hardness, has good chemical stability, and is not easy to corrode, but the application of the metal tungsten is limited by the expensive price and the difficult processing characteristic, so the metal tungsten is often used as a coating material to improve the performance of a base material. There are many methods for preparing tungsten coatings, presumably to be generalized to electroless and electrolytic plating, thermal spraying, vapor deposition techniques, and the like. However, the tungsten coating formed by the above technologies has very limited improvement on the wear resistance of the material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a tungsten-infiltrated composite coating, which can form a tungsten infiltrated layer in a material while preparing a coating on the surface of the material so as to form a composite structure coating, so that the surface hardness of the material is greatly improved compared with that before the material is treated, and the friction and wear resistance of the surface of the material is obviously improved.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a method for preparing a tungsten-infiltrated composite coating, which comprises the following steps:
polishing the material, wherein the roughness of the surface of the treated material is 2.5-3.5; and then, the material is treated by adopting a pulse type explosion-plasma technology, a tungsten rod is used as a positive electrode during the treatment of the pulse type explosion-plasma technology, the power during the treatment of the pulse type explosion-plasma technology is 12-18kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the material is 40-60mm, and the impact frequency of the pulse type explosion treatment is 2-10 times/second.
The method for preparing the tungsten-infiltrated composite coating provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: for convenience of description, the material is described by taking carbon steel as an example, and the material can also be an alloy material or a stainless steel material and the like. In the invention, the carbon steel is firstly polished, and the roughness of the surface of the treated carbon steel is 2.5-3.5, so that when the carbon steel is treated by the pulse type explosion-plasma technology, metal element atoms can be more easily injected into the surface of the carbon steel material and can be accelerated to permeate into the surface layer of the carbon steel, the coating is formed more quickly, the adhesive force between the coating and the carbon steel is better, and the wear resistance of the carbon steel is more durable.
The mechanism of action of the pulsed explosion-plasma technique (PDP) is: the pulse type explosion-plasma technology has multiple energies (explosion impact mechanical energy, sound energy, electric energy, plasma, electric field and the like), the carbon steel is impacted by virtue of tungsten atoms with high energy density, the released energy acts on the surface of the carbon steel, tungsten elements form plasma, the active tungsten atoms are impacted and adsorbed to the surface of the carbon steel to generate huge heat energy, pulses are superposed, impacted and diffused into the surface layer of the carbon steel to generate lattice distortion, and therefore the chemical composition, the structure and the performance of the surface layer of the carbon steel are changed. Because the tungsten atom has large radius and is difficult to permeate, the tungsten atom is endowed with higher energy to generate a composite structure coating to form a three-layer composite structure of a tungsten covering layer, a tungsten permeating layer and a material modification layer, and the composite structure has a composite structure of an outer coating, a tungsten element permeating material and a modified structure with nano-scale refined crystal grains on the surface of the material. Therefore, 2-10 times of explosive impact per second is carried out in a pulse treatment mode, the power of the equipment is 12-18kW, and thus the composite structure coating can be formed. In addition, the action distance between the explosion spray gun and the carbon steel is 40-60mm, if the action distance is long, the tungsten atoms are attenuated more, so that the formation of a composite structure coating on the surface of the carbon steel is influenced, the tungsten atoms are reduced from being adsorbed on the surface of the carbon steel, and the tungsten atoms are reduced from permeating into the surface layer of the carbon steel, so that the wear resistance of the carbon steel is weakened. In addition, the action direction of the explosion spray gun on the surface of the carbon steel is set, so that the explosion area of the explosion spray gun can better act on the carbon steel, tungsten atoms can be better adsorbed on the surface of the carbon steel and better permeate into the surface layer of the carbon steel, and the wear resistance of the carbon steel is further enhanced. In PDP treatment, power of 12-18kW is adopted because the tungsten-impregnated composite coating can be formed only under the action of high energy and the matching of treatment distance. Compared with the existing coating, the tungsten-infiltrated composite coating prepared by the embodiment can improve the wear resistance of the material by about 3 times.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tungsten-infiltrated composite coating in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an electron microscope image of the tungsten-infiltrated composite coating in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, which do not indicate specific conditions, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions suggested by the production.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
A method of preparing a tungsten infiltrated composite coating comprising the steps of:
polishing the carbon steel, wherein the roughness of the surface of the carbon steel after the polishing treatment is 2.5-3.5; then fixing the carbon steel, and processing the carbon steel by adopting a pulse type explosion-plasma technology, wherein a tungsten rod is used as a positive electrode during the pulse type explosion-plasma technology processing, the power during the pulse type explosion-plasma technology processing is 12-18kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 40-60mm, the impact frequency of the pulse type explosion processing is 2-10 times/second, and the included angle between the action direction of the explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 85-95 degrees.
The mechanism of action of the pulsed explosion-plasma technique (PDP) is: the pulse type explosion-plasma technology has multiple energies (explosion impact mechanical energy, sound energy, electric energy, plasma, electric field and the like), tungsten elements form plasma under the action of high voltage, meanwhile, the explosion shock waves impact active tungsten element atoms to the surface of carbon steel, the carbon steel is impacted by the tungsten particles with high energy density, the released energy acts on the surface of the carbon steel to generate huge shock waves, the plasma formed by the tungsten elements and metal workpieces form an electric loop, the electric energy acts on the high-voltage high-current and is diffused into the surface layer of the material, so that the chemical composition, the structure and the performance of the surface layer of the carbon steel are changed, a tungsten coating is formed on the surface of the carbon steel, and a tungsten infiltration layer is formed in the surface layer of the carbon steel to form a tungsten-infiltrated composite coating on the carbon steel.
The specific operation of the pulsed explosion-plasma technology (PDP) process is as follows:
preparing PDP equipment, wherein the PDP equipment comprises a workbench, an explosion spray gun and a high-voltage power supply, the high-voltage power supply uses a tungsten rod as a positive electrode, and the positive electrode of the high-voltage power supply is connected with the explosion spray gun. In detail, the positive electrode of the tungsten rod is adjusted to be arranged at the center of the plasma forming cavity to form plasma under the action of high voltage, meanwhile, the interior of the spray gun is connected with a combustible mixed explosion gas chamber (multi-path gas supply mixed gas is adopted), carbon steel is fixed on a workbench, the spray gun is aligned to the carbon steel, the distance is kept, and then the equipment is started. And simultaneously electrifying and blasting the cavity, forming plasma and blasting gas by tungsten elements of the tungsten rod under the action of high pressure, impacting and adsorbing active tungsten atoms on the surface of the carbon steel to form a tungsten coating, and further diffusing the tungsten atoms into the surface layer of the carbon steel under the action of heat energy generated by explosion and an electric field to form a tungsten infiltration layer so as to form a tungsten-infiltrated composite coating on the carbon steel. The spray gun can move back and forth on the carbon steel in the treatment process, the carbon steel is treated for 2-10 times/second of pulse type explosion, the preparation of the tungsten-infiltrated composite coating can be realized, the time is completed within a few seconds, and the preparation can be completed under normal temperature and normal pressure, so that the requirements on the operation conditions are reduced, the process flow is simpler, and the energy can be saved.
The tungsten atoms have large radius and are not easy to permeate, so that the composite structure coating can be formed only by endowing the tungsten atoms with higher energy, and the formed composite structure coating has better bonding capability and better adhesive force with carbon steel when the power is 12-18kW, thereby ensuring that the stability of the composite structure coating is better and further enhancing the wear resistance of the carbon steel. In addition, the vertical action distance between the explosion spray gun and the carbon steel is 40-60mm, if the action distance is long, the atoms of the tungsten element are attenuated more, so that the formation of a composite structure coating on the surface of the carbon steel can be influenced, the atoms of the tungsten element are reduced from being adsorbed on the surface of the carbon steel, meanwhile, the atoms of the tungsten element are reduced from permeating into the surface layer of the carbon steel, and further, the wear resistance of the carbon steel is weakened.
In addition, the included angle between the action direction of the explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 85-95 degrees, the explosion area of the explosion spray gun can better act on the carbon steel under the angle, and further tungsten atoms can be better adsorbed on the surface of the carbon steel and better permeate into the surface layer of the carbon steel, so that the wear resistance of the carbon steel is enhanced. The preferred 90 degrees, the explosion spray gun is vertical to the surface of the carbon steel, so that the energy generated by explosion can vertically act on the carbon steel, the tungsten atoms are better impacted and adsorbed on the surface of the carbon steel, the heat energy generated by explosion is better diffused into the surface layer of the carbon steel, the energy waste is avoided, and the formation of the tungsten-infiltrated composite coating can be accelerated. In PDP treatment, power of 12-18kW is adopted because the tungsten-impregnated composite coating can be formed only under the action of high energy and the matching of treatment distance. Compared with the existing coating, the tungsten-infiltrated composite coating prepared by the embodiment can improve the wear resistance of carbon steel by about 3 times.
In detail, the gas is a mixed gas of oxygen, nitrogen and propane, wherein the volume ratio of the oxygen, the nitrogen and the propane is (2-7): 3: 1, the flow rate of the mixed gas is 10-120L/min. The mixed gas is combustible gas, the mixed gas is introduced into the explosion chamber, the mixed gas is exploded under the high pressure condition, the conductive substance of the explosion combustion product is accelerated under the action of gas power and electric field power to form plasma flow, the tungsten rod motor is heated to provide alloy elements for the plasma, and when the plasma is ejected from the explosion spray gun, tungsten atoms are adsorbed on the surface of the carbon steel or permeate into the surface layer of the carbon steel. When the volume ratio of the gases exceeds the range, the energy generated by gas explosion is too small, the formed plasma flow and the tungsten element have poor combination degree, and then only a small amount of tungsten element can impact the carbon steel through the plasma flow, so that the density of the coating formed on the carbon steel is poor, the coating is easy to fall off, and the protection effect on the carbon steel is poor. In addition, the flow rate of the mixed gas is too low, so that the energy generated during gas explosion is reduced, the quality of the formed coating is poor, and even the coating cannot be formed; the flow rate of the mixed gas is too high, and the energy generated by gas explosion is too large, so that equipment damage and the like can be caused. Therefore, under the conditions of the embodiment, the generated energy can better prepare the coating on the surface of the carbon steel, and simultaneously, the stability of the coating can be improved.
The modified thickness of the surface of the carbon steel in the embodiment is 40-70 μm, wherein the covering thickness of the tungsten element on the surface of the material is 1-10 μm, and the infiltration thickness of the tungsten element in the material is 1-5 μm. The preparation method of the embodiment forms a three-layer composite structure of the tungsten covering layer, the tungsten infiltration layer and the modification layer on the carbon steel, so that the carbon steel has a composite structure of the outer covering layer, the tungsten element infiltration material and the modified structure with nano-scale refined grains on the surface of the material, thereby enhancing the hardness of the carbon steel and improving the wear-resistant friction performance of the carbon steel. In detail, the thickness of the three-layer composite structure is set because the protective effect of the coating on the carbon steel is better at the thickness, and the bonding strength of the coating and the carbon steel is better at the same time.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
A method of preparing a tungsten infiltrated composite coating comprising the steps of:
polishing the carbon steel, wherein the roughness of the surface of the carbon steel after the polishing treatment is 2.5; then fixing the carbon steel, and processing the carbon steel by adopting a pulse type explosion-plasma technology, wherein a tungsten rod is used as a positive electrode during the pulse type explosion-plasma technology processing, the power during the pulse type explosion-plasma technology processing is 12kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 40mm, the impact frequency of the pulse type explosion processing is 2 times/second, and the included angle between the action direction of the explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 85 degrees.
The volume ratio of oxygen, nitrogen and propane in this example was 2: 3: 1, the flow rate of the mixed gas is 10L/min.
Example 2
A method of preparing a tungsten infiltrated composite coating comprising the steps of:
polishing the carbon steel, wherein the roughness of the surface of the carbon steel after the polishing treatment is 3.5; then fixing the carbon steel, and processing the carbon steel by adopting a pulse type explosion-plasma technology, wherein a tungsten rod is used as a positive electrode during the pulse type explosion-plasma technology processing, the power during the pulse type explosion-plasma technology processing is 18kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 60mm, the impact frequency of the pulse type explosion processing is 10 times/second, and the included angle between the action direction of the explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 95 degrees.
The volume ratio of oxygen, nitrogen and propane in this example was 7: 3: 1, the flow rate of the mixed gas is 120L/min.
Example 3
A method of preparing a tungsten infiltrated composite coating comprising the steps of:
polishing carbon steel, wherein the roughness of the surface of the carbon steel after the polishing treatment is 3; then fixing the carbon steel, and processing the carbon steel by adopting a pulse type explosion-plasma technology, wherein a tungsten rod is used as a positive electrode during the pulse type explosion-plasma technology processing, the power during the pulse type explosion-plasma technology processing is 15kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 50mm, the impact frequency of the pulse type explosion processing is 5 times/second, and the included angle between the action direction of the explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 90 degrees.
The volume ratio of oxygen, nitrogen and propane in this example was 5: 3: 1, the flow rate of the mixed gas is 50L/min.
Example 4
A method of preparing a tungsten infiltrated composite coating comprising the steps of:
polishing the carbon steel, wherein the roughness of the surface of the carbon steel after the polishing treatment is 3.2; then fixing the carbon steel, and processing the carbon steel by adopting a pulse type explosion-plasma technology, wherein a tungsten rod is used as a positive electrode during the pulse type explosion-plasma technology processing, the power during the pulse type explosion-plasma technology processing is 16kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 55mm, the impact frequency of the pulse type explosion processing is 8 times/second, and the included angle between the action direction of the explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 89 degrees.
The volume ratio of oxygen, nitrogen and propane in this example was 3: 3: 1, the flow rate of the mixed gas is 80L/min.
Example 5
A method of preparing a tungsten infiltrated composite coating comprising the steps of:
polishing the carbon steel, wherein the roughness of the surface of the carbon steel after the polishing treatment is 2.7; then fixing the carbon steel, and processing the carbon steel by adopting a pulse type explosion-plasma technology, wherein a tungsten rod is used as a positive electrode during the pulse type explosion-plasma technology processing, the power during the pulse type explosion-plasma technology processing is 13kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 45mm, the impact frequency of the pulse type explosion processing is 4 times/second, and the included angle between the action direction of the explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 86 degrees.
The volume ratio of oxygen, nitrogen and propane in this example was 4: 3: 1, the flow rate of the mixed gas is 100L/min.
Example 6
A method of preparing a tungsten infiltrated composite coating comprising the steps of:
polishing the carbon steel, wherein the roughness of the surface of the carbon steel after the polishing treatment is 2.9; then fixing the carbon steel, and processing the carbon steel by adopting a pulse type explosion-plasma technology, wherein a tungsten rod is used as a positive electrode during the pulse type explosion-plasma technology processing, the power during the pulse type explosion-plasma technology processing is 14kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 48mm, the impact frequency of the pulse type explosion processing is 7 times/second, and the included angle between the action direction of the explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 89 degrees.
The volume ratio of oxygen, nitrogen and propane in this example was 6: 3: 1, the flow rate of the mixed gas is 30L/min.
Example 7
A method of preparing a tungsten infiltrated composite coating comprising the steps of:
polishing the carbon steel, wherein the roughness of the surface of the carbon steel after the polishing treatment is 3.3; then fixing the carbon steel, and processing the carbon steel by adopting a pulse type explosion-plasma technology, wherein a tungsten rod is used as a positive electrode during the pulse type explosion-plasma technology processing, the power during the pulse type explosion-plasma technology processing is 17kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 57mm, the impact frequency of the pulse type explosion processing is 3 times/second, and the included angle between the action direction of the explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 92 degrees.
The volume ratio of oxygen, nitrogen and propane in this example was 4.5: 3: 1, the flow rate of the mixed gas is 60L/min.
Test results
The carbon steels of examples 1 to 7 are taken for detection, common carbon steels are taken as a control group, the wear resistance of the carbon steels is measured in a ball disc wear mode under the condition of not adding a lubricant, a frictional wear test is carried out under the conditions of loading force 150N, wear time 90min and rotating speed 200r/min by taking three zirconia balls with the diameter of 6mm or steel balls of GCr15, the frictional wear resistance is measured by wear quality and wear scar width, wherein the larger the wear quality is, the wider the wear scar width is, the worse the frictional wear resistance of the carbon steels is, and the specific results are as follows:
TABLE 1 statistics of results
Figure BDA0003239965480000101
As can be seen from Table 1, the carbon steels of examples 1 to 7 have less wear quality and narrower wear scar widths as compared with the control, and therefore the carbon steels of examples 1 to 7 have better frictional wear resistance. Examples 1-6 compared to example 7, the carbon steel of example 7 had the least wear quality and the narrowest width of the wear scar, and therefore the carbon steel of example 7 was the best in terms of frictional wear resistance. It can be seen that the tungsten impregnated composite coating prepared on the carbon steel has better protective effect on the carbon steel, i.e. better friction and wear resistance, under the operation steps and operation conditions of example 7.
In summary, in the method for preparing the tungsten-doped composite coating according to the embodiment of the present invention, when a pulse type explosion-plasma technique (PDP) is used to treat carbon steel, multiple energies (explosion impact mechanical energy, sound energy, electric energy, plasma, electric field, etc.) are generated, a plasma is formed by tungsten element under the action of a high voltage, and meanwhile, an explosion shock wave impacts active tungsten element atoms onto the surface of a material, and the carbon steel is impacted by tungsten particles with high energy density, and the released energy acts on the surface of the material to generate a great impact energy, and the plasma formed by the tungsten element and a metal workpiece form an electric circuit, and the plasma formed by the tungsten element and the metal workpiece form an electric circuit, and are diffused into the surface of the material under the action of the high-voltage high-current electric energy, so as to change chemical components, tissues and properties of the surface of the carbon steel. The method forms a tungsten coating on the surface of the carbon steel, and can also form a tungsten infiltration layer in the carbon steel, so that a tungsten-infiltrated composite coating is formed on the carbon steel, the tungsten-infiltrated composite coating can enhance the wear resistance of the carbon steel, can also improve the durability of the wear resistance of the carbon steel, and enables the carbon steel to be more durable, and even if the tungsten coating is completely consumed, the tungsten infiltration layer also protects the carbon steel material from being worn, so that the durability of the carbon steel is further improved.
Before PDP treatment, carbon steel is polished to change the surface or shape of the carbon steel, and the impact and cutting action of the abrasive on the surface of the carbon steel enables the surface of the carbon steel to obtain certain cleanliness and different roughness, so that the mechanical property of the surface of the carbon steel is improved, the fatigue resistance of the carbon steel is improved, the adhesive force between the carbon steel and a coating is increased, the durability of a coating is prolonged, and the tungsten-infiltrated composite coating formed on the carbon steel has better durability.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method for preparing a tungsten-infiltrated composite coating is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
polishing the material, wherein the roughness of the surface of the material after the polishing treatment is 2.5-3.5; and then, the material is treated by adopting a pulse type explosion-plasma technology, a tungsten rod is used as a positive electrode during the treatment of the pulse type explosion-plasma technology, the power during the treatment of the pulse type explosion-plasma technology is 12-18kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the material is 40-60mm, and the impact frequency of the pulse type explosion treatment is 2-10 times/second.
2. The method for preparing the tungsten-infiltrated composite coating according to claim 1, wherein in the pulse explosion, the explosion gas is a mixed gas of oxygen, nitrogen and propane, wherein the volume ratio of the oxygen, the nitrogen and the propane is (2-7): 3: 1.
3. the method for preparing the tungsten-infiltrated composite coating according to claim 2, wherein the flow rate of the mixed gas is 10-120L/min.
4. The method for preparing the tungsten-infiltrated composite coating according to claim 1, wherein the modified thickness of the surface of the material is 40-70 μm.
5. The method for preparing the tungsten-infiltrated composite coating according to claim 4, wherein the covering thickness of the tungsten element on the surface of the material is 1-10 μm, and the infiltration thickness of the tungsten element in the material is 1-5 μm.
6. The method for preparing the tungsten-infiltrated composite coating according to claim 1, wherein the direction of action of the detonation gun is at an angle of 85-95 ° to the surface of the material.
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